JP3924040B2 - Reactor - Google Patents

Reactor Download PDF

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JP3924040B2
JP3924040B2 JP08355597A JP8355597A JP3924040B2 JP 3924040 B2 JP3924040 B2 JP 3924040B2 JP 08355597 A JP08355597 A JP 08355597A JP 8355597 A JP8355597 A JP 8355597A JP 3924040 B2 JP3924040 B2 JP 3924040B2
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Prior art keywords
tube
reaction
center
inner tube
reactor
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JPH10277383A (en
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一登 小林
宏 大平
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067Heating or cooling the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00026Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2208/00035Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2208/00044Temperature measurement
    • B01J2208/00061Temperature measurement of the reactants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212Plates; Jackets; Cylinders

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水素と一酸化炭素(および二酸化炭素)ガスを用いたメタノール合成の如く、固体触媒の存在下で複数の元素から成る混合ガスの発熱反応を行わす目的で使用される改善された反応器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
固体触媒の存在下で発熱反応を行わす目的で使用される反応器においては、運転中の発熱反応によるガス温度の上昇を制御する手段・構造に種々のものが提案されている。このような提案は、図5の例、例えばメタノール合成反応のメタノール平衡濃度に対する温度の効果が明らかな如く、温度の上昇とともにメタノール平衡濃度が低下し、工業的プラントの経済性が損なわれることを考慮してなされたものである。
【0003】
すなわち、図5は、化学工学VOL.46(1982)NO.9507頁“野沢”「メタノール」より引用したものであって、CO+2H2 →CH3 OH反応のCOとH2 の比を4とした計算値である。ただし、触媒を使用しても反応速度は有限であり、反応速度は当然ながら温度低下とともに小さくなるので、工業的には触媒性能を考慮したある適性温度範囲で運転することが好ましい。本発明者らは鋼系触媒を用いて水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素を有意物質とした混合ガスからメタノールを合成する場合には、220〜280℃が適正であると考えており、またガスの圧力(全圧力)としては、50〜300kg/cm2 ・Gが経済的な適性圧力範囲であると考えているが、これは将来の触媒の改良等により変わり得るものであって特に拘束されない。
【0004】
本発明者らは、この温度調整の方法として二重管式発熱反応器を先に提案(特公平3−63425号公報及び特公平4−5487号公報)した。
特公平4−5487号公報を例にしてこの発明を説明する。この発明では図6に示すように反応管51を二重管とし、外管52と内管53との空間に円環柱状に粒状触媒54を充填して触媒層厚さを小さくするとともに、この触媒層の外管52の外表面では冷却水による冷却を行わせ、また当該触媒層の内管53の内表面では未反応供給ガスAによる冷却を行わせている。これにより本発明者らは、触媒層厚さ方向のガス温度を狭い温度範囲の適正条件に維持し、同時に未反応供給ガスAの予熱をし得るようにすることが、反応温度の制御に有利であり、かつ未反応供給ガス予熱用交換器を不要にし得る効果があること、並びに中心管を上昇して予熱された未反応供給ガスに更に冷たい未反応供給ガスを混合することにより、触媒層の入口温度を下げることができ、ひいては触媒層の温度を適宜調整できることを知った。
【0005】
図7を用いてこのような従来の技術を更に詳しく説明する。図7で示す反応器の構造は従来技術の一例である。このような反応器61の反応管62は、上下両端を2つの管板63にそれぞれ取付けられており、反応器61の中央には、内管64が設置され、反応管62と内管64との間の環状空間には、粒状触媒が充填された環状触媒層65が形成されている。
前記反応器61では、底部に設けられている未反応供給ガスノズル66より供給された未反応供給ガス67が分岐管68,69などを経て内管64の下部より流通し、上部に設置された混合室70に導かれる。また、冷たいもう一つの未反応ガス71は、反応器61の頂部に設けられたノズル72より混合室70へ導かれ、内管64を経た未反応供給ガス67と混合されて、環状触媒層65へ導かれる。
【0006】
この環状触媒層65を経たガスは触媒層出口73より下部の集合室74に流通して、反応器61の出口ノズル75を経て反応ガス76となり、反応器61の外部に流出する。
反応管62を管外より冷却する沸騰液77は、側部の入口ノズル78より流入し、側部の出口ノズル79を経て反応器61より流出するようになっている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した従来の反応器61では、下部の集合室74に分岐管68,69などが設けられいるので、構造が複雑となりかつ重量が嵩む上に、下部の集合室74における触媒抜き出し作業が面倒であった。
【0008】
本発明者らは、先に発明した前記反応器の構造に更に改良を加え、前記従来の反応器の下部集合室における触媒抜き出し作業を容易にし、更に、分岐管を不要とするとともに、全体の軽量化を可能にする構造を有する反応器を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記従来技術の有する課題を解決するため、本発明に係る反応器の具体的構造は、
(1)内部に複数本の反応管を配設し、該反応管のほぼ中央に下端を閉じた内管を設置するとともに、該内管のほぼ中央に中心管を配置し、前記反応管と前記内管とで囲まれた環状空間を粒状触媒充填部として構成する一方、前記反応管の上端に全体および一部の少なくとも一方が取り外し可能な遮蔽板を設けるとともに、該遮蔽板のほぼ中央に前記中心管を接続し、供給された未反応供給ガスが前記中心管の上方より下方へ流通して、前記中心管の下端出口より前記内管内へ流通し、更に前記未反応供給ガスが前記内管と前記中心管とで囲まれた環状流路を上方へ流れ、かつ前記粒状触媒充填部においては、上方より下方へ流れるように構成した反応器であって、前記内管のほぼ中央に位置する中心管の下端位置が、前記反応管の上端より、反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離にあり、前記中心管の下端位置が前記反応管の下端位置よりも上方に位置すべく配設されている。
(2)又は、前記複数本の反応のほぼ中央に配置され、かつ下端を閉じた前記内管は、その下端が前記反応管の下端よりも上方に位置している。
(3)内部に複数本の反応管を配設し、該反応管のほぼ中央に下端を閉じた内管を設置するとともに、該内管のほぼ中央に中心管を配置し、前記反応管と前記内管とで囲まれた環状空間を粒状触媒充填部として構成する一方、前記反応管の上端に遮蔽板を設け、該遮蔽板に触媒充填用ノズルを設け、該ノズルの上端開口部をプラグで塞いでいるとともに、前記遮蔽板のほぼ中央に前記中心管を接続し、供給された未反応供給ガスが前記中心管の上方より下方へ流通して、前記中心管の下端出口より前記内管内へ流通し、更に前記未反応供給ガスが前記内管と前記中心管とで囲まれた環状流路を上方へ流れ、かつ前記粒状触媒充填部においては、上方より下方へ流れるように構成した反応器であって、前記内管のほぼ中央に位置する中心管の下端位置が、前記反応管の上端より、反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離にあり、前記中心管の下端位置が前記反応管の下端位置よりも上方に位置すべく配設されている。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図示の実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
【0011】
図1及び図2は、本発明に係る反応器の実施の形態を示している。ここで、図1は本反応器の構造を示す縦断面図、図2は図1のA−A線断面図である。
本反応器1は、外形がシェル状のケーシング2で形成されており、該ケーシング2の内部には反応管3が配設されている。この反応管3は、両端部が上下管板4a,4bにそれぞれ取付けられ、当該反応管3の中央には下端がプラグ5で塞がれた複数本の内管6が設置されている。しかも、これら内管6の中央には、中心管7が同心円状に配置されており、内管6と中心管7との間には環状流路8が形成されている。
【0012】
中心管7の下端は開放され、その長さは内管6よりも短く形成されており、下端の位置が内管6の下端よりも上方に位置すべく配設されている。また、中心管7の上端は、遮蔽板9のほぼ中央に接続されて取付けられている。
この遮蔽板9は、全体が反応管3の上端に取り外し可能に設けられており、触媒充填時には一旦取り外され、触媒充填完了後に反応管3の上端に固定されるように構成されている。このような構成により、未反応ガス10が遮蔽板9と反応管3との接続部を通って触媒層入口11へ流入することが防止されている。なお、反応管3の上方に位置するケーシング2の上部空間は、未反応ガス10が供給される未反応ガス供給室12となっており、中心管7の上端は未反応ガス供給室12と連通している。
【0013】
前記反応管3と内管6とで囲まれた環状空間には、粒状触媒が充填された粒状触媒充填部の環状触媒層13が形成されている。未反応ガス10は、図1中の矢印Bで示す如く、ケーシング2の頂部に設けた未反応供給ガスノズル14より未反応ガス供給室12へ供給され、遮蔽板9に取付けられた中心管7の上端入口より流通し、下端出口より流出して内管6内へ流入する。しかる後、中心管7と内管6との間の環状流路8を上方へ流れ、触媒層入口11より環状触媒層13へ導かれる。
【0014】
前記環状触媒層13に導かれた未反応ガス10は、該環状触媒層13内を上方より下方へ向かって流れ、流下しながらメタノールが合成されるとともに、触媒層出口15より下部集合室16に流入し、該ケーシング2の底部に設けた反応器出口ノズル17より反応ガス18となって反応器1から外部へ流出することになる。下部集合室17は、反応管3の下方であって、ケーシング2の下部に設けられている。
なお、反応管3を管外より冷却する沸騰液19は、ケーシング2の側部に設けた入口ノズル20より流入し、矢印Cで示す如く、当該入口ノズル20と反対側のケーシング2の側部に設けた出口ノズル21を経て反応器1から流出するようになっている。
【0015】
ところで、前記中心管7の下端位置は、前記反応管3の上端より、該反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離に位置させるのが好ましい。この距離は、中心管7と環状流路8を未反応ガス10が通過するときの圧力損失の上昇をできるだけ抑制し、かつ環状触媒層13の内側からの冷却効果が十分現れるように決定される。
【0016】
図3は本発明に係る反応器の他の実施の形態を示しており、この実施の形態の遮蔽板39は、図1で示す遮蔽板9と一部構造が異なっている。すなわち、本実施の形態では、遮蔽板39の周囲が反応管3の上端に接続固定されており、これによって当該遮蔽板39の周囲を通る触媒層への未反応ガスリークは実質的に無くなる。
前記遮蔽板39には触媒充填用ノズル39aが設けられ、該ノズル39aの上端開口部はプラグ39bで塞がれており、これによって遮蔽板39はその一部が反応管3の上端に取り外し可能に設けられていることになる。したがって、触媒充填時にはプラグ39bを開けて触媒充填用ノズル39aより触媒粒子が反応管3内に供給される。所定触媒量を充填した後はプラグ39bで遮蔽板39の上端開口部を塞ぎ、未反応ガス10が中心管7を流下せず、ノズル39aを通って直接触媒層入口11へ流れるのを防止している。
【0017】
図4は本発明に係る反応器の更に他の実施の形態を示しており、前記実施の形態に比して内管の長さを短くした場合の実施態様である。この実施の形態では、内管6aの下端がプラグ5で塞がれ、環状触媒層13内での高さ位置が、反応管3の下端よりも上方に配置されている。このため、内管6aの下端位置の下方には、触媒粒子が充填された円筒触媒層22が形成されている。その他の構成は前記実施の形態と同様である。
図4において、未反応ガス10は矢印Bで示す如く、中心管7を流下し、下端より内管6a内へ流入した後、中心管7と内管6aとの間の環状流路8を上方へ流れ、触媒層入口11より環状触媒層13へ導かれる。そして、環状触媒層13へ導かれた未反応ガス10は、環状触媒層13内を流下した後、内管6aの下端から円筒触媒層22中を流下し、触媒層出口15より下部集合室16及び反応器出口ノズル17を経て流出する。
なお、前記中心管7の下端位置は、内管6aの下端よりも上方に位置していることは明らかである。
【0018】
(実施例)
図1に示す実施の形態について、実施例を比較例1,2とともに下記の表1に示す。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003924040
【0020】
供給原料ガス組成、供給原料ガス空間速度、反応圧力は実施例、比較例共通である。
Figure 0003924040
【0021】
この実施例によって、本発明の実施の形態に係る構造の反応器1における環状触媒層13の温度特性を示す。冷却用の沸騰液19は飽和加圧水である。実施例は比較例とほぼ同様の温度特性を示しており、反応器構造が変更されているものの反応器の所期性能が得られていることが分かる。
【0022】
比較例1では触媒層入口温度が282℃であり、触媒層最高温度が315℃と高くなっている。なお、特に触媒活性の良い運転初期においては、触媒層の温度を全体に下げた方が、触媒の寿命をより長くすることができる。
比較例2では、図7の反応器による反応実施例である。内管を出た未反応供給ガスに冷たい未反応供給ガスであるクエンチガスを混合させて、触媒層の入口温度を下げた場合を示す。一方、本実施例では、加圧水の圧力を下げないで、触媒層の最高温度を可能にしている。
【0023】
加圧水は反応熱にて蒸発し、水蒸気の形で反応器より取り出され、各種のエネルギー源として有効に利用されるが、この場合には水蒸気の圧力は高い程、そのエネルギーとしての価値が高いことは言うまでもない。
従って、本発明による実施例が示すように、内管内に中心管を設置する反応器構造を用いることで、回収蒸気圧力を下げることなく、触媒層の最高温度を所定の値以下に保つことができる効果を有する。
【0024】
以上のように、本発明の反応器は、粒状固体触媒を用いて気相発熱反応を行わせる反応器として工業的に大きい価値を有するものであり、メタノール合成反応以外の用途にも適用可能であって、ガスの組成、触媒の種類、形状、空間速度、圧力、温度には特に拘束されない。
【0025】
なお、図1では省略したが、内管6や中心管7を反応管3の中央に位置させる構造、および下部管板4bに設けて触媒落下を防止させる構造はすでに公知であり、本発明はこれらについて何ら規定するものではない。また、触媒充填反応管3の長さ、内管6と中心管7の径についてもあるいは伝熱面積増加のために管表面に設けるフィン、溝の有無、管の材料、バッフル形状についても何ら特定するものではない。これらの要目は、圧力、ガス組成、温度、反応熱の大きさ、触媒性能などの多くの条件で決まるものであって、本発明においては、特に制限されるものではない。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
上述の如く、本発明に係る反応器では、内管に更に中心管を設け、その中心管の下端位置が、反応管の上端より、反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離にあり、中心管の下端位置が反応管の下端位置よりも上方に位置すべく配設され、未反応ガスを反応器上部より供給することで、反応器の下部集合室における触媒抜き出し作業を効率化でき、更に、触媒充填時に下部集合室での分岐管の取付作業の効率化も図ることができる。しかも、上記距離によって、中心管とその周囲の環状流路を未反応ガスが通過するときの圧力損失の上昇をできるだけ抑制することが可能であり、環状触媒層の内側からの冷却効果が期待できる。また、本発明の反応器においては、遮蔽板に触媒充填用ノズルを設け、該ノズルの上端開口部をプラグで塞いでいるため、触媒充填時にはプラグを開けてノズルより触媒粒子を反応管内に供給できる。
すなわち、本発明においては、触媒層内で反応しつつあるガスの反応熱の一部を内管の管壁を介したまま、中心管では環状流路と管壁を介した熱移動により環状流路および中心管内を流動する未反応ガスに与えて、この未反応ガスを予熱するので、当然ながら反応温度に比し中心管内および環状流路のガス温度を低く維持させる必要があり、この熱移動により未反応ガスの予熱と反応しつつある触媒層内ガスの冷却、温度制御を行わせている。ただし、残りの反応熱は反応管外表面に接しさせた飽和温度の加圧水に管壁を介した熱移動により水の蒸発潜熱として取り除き、発生した加圧水蒸気は反応器から取り出して他の用途に使用する。当然のことながら、反応温度に比し加圧水温度を低い条件に設定しなければ熱移動は起こらず反応熱の除去作用が生じないので、必要伝熱量、目標反応温度をベースに加圧水の圧力(飽和温度)を適性条件に設置すべきである。
【0027】
このように、本発明はメタノール合成反応器のごとく、固体粒状触媒を用いて発熱反応を行わす目的の反応器で反応温度の制御が反応器性能上好ましい場合に適したものであって、構造が単純で運転の安定性にも優れ、設計、制作、点検、補修、触媒充填、触媒抜き出しもより効率的に行うことができる構造を有しており、工業的に大きい価値を有するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態に係る反応器を示す縦断面図である。
【図2】図1におけるA−A線断面図である。
【図3】本発明の別の実施態様に係る反応器を示す縦断面図である。
【図4】本発明の更に別の実施態様に係る反応器を示す縦断面図である。
【図5】メタノール反応平衡濃度に対する圧力と温度の効果の関係を示すグラフである。
【図6】従来の反応器の反応管を示す水平断面図である。
【図7】従来の反応器を示す縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 反応器
2 ケーシング
3 反応管
4a,4b 管板
5 プラグ
6,6a 内管
7 中心管
8 環状流路
9 遮蔽板
10 未反応ガス
11 触媒層入口
12 未反応ガス供給室
13 環状触媒層
14 未反応供給ガスノズル
15 触媒層出口
16 下部集合室
17 反応器出口ノズル
18 反応ガス
19 沸騰液
20 入口ノズル
21 出口ノズル
22 円筒触媒層
39 遮蔽板
39a 触媒充填用ノズル
39b プラグ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improvement used for the purpose of carrying out an exothermic reaction of a mixed gas composed of a plurality of elements in the presence of a solid catalyst, such as methanol synthesis using hydrogen and carbon monoxide (and carbon dioxide) gas. Reactor related.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a reactor used for the purpose of performing an exothermic reaction in the presence of a solid catalyst, various means and structures for controlling the increase in gas temperature due to an exothermic reaction during operation have been proposed. Such a proposal suggests that, as the temperature effect on the methanol equilibrium concentration in the example of FIG. 5 shows, for example, the methanol synthesis reaction, the methanol equilibrium concentration decreases with increasing temperature and the economic efficiency of the industrial plant is impaired. It was made in consideration.
[0003]
That is, FIG. 5 shows chemical engineering VOL. 46 (1982) NO. It is quoted from “Nozawa” and “methanol” on page 9507, and is a calculated value where the ratio of CO and H2 in the CO + 2H2 → CH3OH reaction is 4. However, even if a catalyst is used, the reaction rate is finite, and the reaction rate naturally decreases with a decrease in temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to operate in an appropriate temperature range considering the catalyst performance from an industrial viewpoint. The present inventors consider that 220 to 280 ° C. is appropriate when synthesizing methanol from a mixed gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as significant substances using a steel catalyst. The pressure (total pressure) of 50 to 300 kg / cm 2 · G is considered to be an economically suitable pressure range, but this can be changed by future improvements of the catalyst, and is not particularly restricted. .
[0004]
The present inventors previously proposed a double-tube exothermic reactor as a method for adjusting the temperature (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-63425 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-5487).
The present invention will be described by taking Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-5487 as an example. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the reaction tube 51 is a double tube, and the space between the outer tube 52 and the inner tube 53 is filled with a granular catalyst 54 in an annular column shape to reduce the catalyst layer thickness. Cooling with cooling water is performed on the outer surface of the outer tube 52 of the catalyst layer, and cooling with unreacted supply gas A is performed on the inner surface of the inner tube 53 of the catalyst layer. Thus, the present inventors have an advantage in controlling the reaction temperature that the gas temperature in the catalyst layer thickness direction is maintained at an appropriate condition in a narrow temperature range and that the unreacted feed gas A can be preheated at the same time. And an effect of eliminating the need for an unreacted feed gas preheating exchanger, and by mixing the cold unreacted feed gas with the preheated unreacted feed gas by raising the central tube, the catalyst layer It has been found that the inlet temperature of the catalyst can be lowered and the temperature of the catalyst layer can be adjusted accordingly.
[0005]
Such a conventional technique will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. The reactor structure shown in FIG. 7 is an example of the prior art. The reaction tube 62 of the reactor 61 is attached to two tube plates 63 at both upper and lower ends, and an inner tube 64 is installed at the center of the reactor 61, and the reaction tube 62, the inner tube 64, An annular catalyst layer 65 filled with a granular catalyst is formed in the annular space between the two.
In the reactor 61, the unreacted supply gas 67 supplied from the unreacted supply gas nozzle 66 provided at the bottom flows from the lower part of the inner pipe 64 through the branch pipes 68, 69 and the like, and is mixed at the upper part. Guided to chamber 70. Further, another cold unreacted gas 71 is guided to the mixing chamber 70 from the nozzle 72 provided at the top of the reactor 61 and mixed with the unreacted supply gas 67 via the inner pipe 64, so that the annular catalyst layer 65. Led to.
[0006]
The gas that has passed through the annular catalyst layer 65 flows into the collecting chamber 74 below the catalyst layer outlet 73, passes through the outlet nozzle 75 of the reactor 61, becomes the reaction gas 76, and flows out of the reactor 61.
A boiling liquid 77 for cooling the reaction tube 62 from the outside flows from the side inlet nozzle 78 and flows out from the reactor 61 through the side outlet nozzle 79.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional reactor 61, since the lower collecting chamber 74 is provided with the branch pipes 68, 69 and the like, the structure is complicated and the weight is increased, and the catalyst extraction work in the lower collecting chamber 74 is performed. It was troublesome.
[0008]
The present inventors further improve the structure of the reactor invented earlier, facilitate the catalyst extraction work in the lower collecting chamber of the conventional reactor, further eliminate the need for a branch pipe, An object of the present invention is to provide a reactor having a structure that enables weight reduction.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the specific structure of the reactor according to the present invention is:
(1) A plurality of reaction tubes are disposed inside, an inner tube having a closed lower end is disposed at substantially the center of the reaction tube, and a central tube is disposed at approximately the center of the inner tube. While the annular space surrounded by the inner tube is configured as a granular catalyst filling portion, a shield plate is provided at the upper end of the reaction tube which can be removed at least one of the whole and a part thereof, and is substantially at the center of the shield plate. The central tube is connected, and the supplied unreacted supply gas flows downward from above the central tube, flows from the lower end outlet of the central tube into the inner tube, and the unreacted supply gas further flows into the inner tube. A reactor configured to flow upward in an annular flow passage surrounded by a tube and the central tube, and to flow downward from above in the granular catalyst packed portion, and is positioned at substantially the center of the inner tube. The lower end position of the central tube is higher than the upper end of the reaction tube. There from the reaction tube 1/10 the length of the distance of 2/3, the lower end position of the center tube is arranged to sit above the lower end position of the reaction tube.
(2) Alternatively, the lower end of the inner tube, which is disposed at substantially the center of the plurality of reaction tubes and whose lower end is closed, is located above the lower end of the reaction tube.
(3) A plurality of reaction tubes are arranged inside, an inner tube having a closed lower end is installed at substantially the center of the reaction tube, and a central tube is arranged at substantially the center of the inner tube. An annular space surrounded by the inner pipe is configured as a granular catalyst filling portion, while a shield plate is provided at the upper end of the reaction tube, a catalyst filling nozzle is provided on the shield plate, and an upper end opening of the nozzle is plugged. And the central tube is connected to substantially the center of the shielding plate, and the supplied unreacted supply gas flows downward from above the central tube, and from the lower end outlet of the central tube to the inside of the inner tube. And the unreacted supply gas flows upward through an annular flow passage surrounded by the inner tube and the central tube, and in the granular catalyst filling section, the reaction is configured to flow downward from above. a vessel, under the central tube located in the approximate center of the inner tube Position, the upper end of the reaction tube, Ri 1/10 2/3 distance away of the reaction tube length, the lower end position of the central tube is disposed so as to position above the lower end position of the reaction tube Tei Ru.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on illustrated embodiments.
[0011]
1 and 2 show an embodiment of a reactor according to the present invention. Here, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the present reactor, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
The reactor 1 is formed of a casing 2 having a shell shape, and a reaction tube 3 is disposed inside the casing 2. Both ends of the reaction tube 3 are attached to the upper and lower tube plates 4 a and 4 b, and a plurality of inner tubes 6 whose lower ends are closed with plugs 5 are installed at the center of the reaction tube 3. In addition, a central tube 7 is concentrically arranged in the center of these inner tubes 6, and an annular flow path 8 is formed between the inner tube 6 and the central tube 7.
[0012]
The lower end of the center tube 7 is open and its length is shorter than that of the inner tube 6, and the lower end is disposed so as to be located above the lower end of the inner tube 6. Further, the upper end of the center tube 7 is connected to and attached to substantially the center of the shielding plate 9.
The entire shielding plate 9 is detachably provided at the upper end of the reaction tube 3, and is temporarily removed when the catalyst is charged, and is fixed to the upper end of the reaction tube 3 after the catalyst filling is completed. With such a configuration, the unreacted gas 10 is prevented from flowing into the catalyst layer inlet 11 through the connecting portion between the shielding plate 9 and the reaction tube 3. The upper space of the casing 2 located above the reaction tube 3 is an unreacted gas supply chamber 12 to which unreacted gas 10 is supplied, and the upper end of the center tube 7 communicates with the unreacted gas supply chamber 12. is doing.
[0013]
In an annular space surrounded by the reaction tube 3 and the inner tube 6, an annular catalyst layer 13 of a granular catalyst filling portion filled with a granular catalyst is formed. The unreacted gas 10 is supplied to an unreacted gas supply chamber 12 from an unreacted supply gas nozzle 14 provided at the top of the casing 2 as shown by an arrow B in FIG. It flows from the upper end inlet, flows out from the lower end outlet, and flows into the inner pipe 6. Thereafter, the gas flows upward in the annular flow path 8 between the center tube 7 and the inner tube 6 and is guided to the annular catalyst layer 13 from the catalyst layer inlet 11.
[0014]
The unreacted gas 10 guided to the annular catalyst layer 13 flows from the upper side to the lower side in the annular catalyst layer 13, and methanol is synthesized while flowing down, and from the catalyst layer outlet 15 to the lower collecting chamber 16. It flows into the reactor 2 from the reactor outlet nozzle 17 provided at the bottom of the casing 2 and flows out from the reactor 1 to the outside. The lower collecting chamber 17 is provided below the reaction tube 3 and below the casing 2.
The boiling liquid 19 that cools the reaction tube 3 from the outside flows from an inlet nozzle 20 provided on the side of the casing 2, and as indicated by an arrow C, the side of the casing 2 opposite to the inlet nozzle 20. It flows out of the reactor 1 through an outlet nozzle 21 provided in the reactor.
[0015]
By the way, the lower end position of the central tube 7 is preferably located at a distance of 1/10 to 2/3 of the reaction tube length from the upper end of the reaction tube 3. This distance is determined so that an increase in pressure loss when the unreacted gas 10 passes through the central tube 7 and the annular flow path 8 is suppressed as much as possible, and a cooling effect from the inside of the annular catalyst layer 13 appears sufficiently. .
[0016]
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the reactor according to the present invention, and the shielding plate 39 of this embodiment is partially different from the shielding plate 9 shown in FIG. That is, in the present embodiment, the periphery of the shielding plate 39 is connected and fixed to the upper end of the reaction tube 3, thereby substantially eliminating unreacted gas leakage to the catalyst layer passing through the periphery of the shielding plate 39.
The shielding plate 39 is provided with a catalyst filling nozzle 39a, and the upper end opening of the nozzle 39a is closed by a plug 39b, whereby a part of the shielding plate 39 can be removed from the upper end of the reaction tube 3. Will be provided. Accordingly, when filling the catalyst, the plug 39b is opened and the catalyst particles are supplied into the reaction tube 3 from the catalyst filling nozzle 39a. After filling the predetermined amount of catalyst, the upper end opening of the shielding plate 39 is closed with the plug 39b to prevent the unreacted gas 10 from flowing down the central tube 7 and flowing directly to the catalyst layer inlet 11 through the nozzle 39a. ing.
[0017]
FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of the reactor according to the present invention, which is an embodiment in which the length of the inner tube is shortened as compared with the above embodiment. In this embodiment, the lower end of the inner tube 6 a is closed by the plug 5, and the height position in the annular catalyst layer 13 is arranged above the lower end of the reaction tube 3. For this reason, a cylindrical catalyst layer 22 filled with catalyst particles is formed below the lower end position of the inner tube 6a. Other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiment.
In FIG. 4, as shown by an arrow B, the unreacted gas 10 flows down the central tube 7, flows into the inner tube 6a from the lower end, and then moves upward in the annular flow path 8 between the central tube 7 and the inner tube 6a. To the annular catalyst layer 13 from the catalyst layer inlet 11. The unreacted gas 10 guided to the annular catalyst layer 13 flows down through the annular catalyst layer 13, then flows through the cylindrical catalyst layer 22 from the lower end of the inner pipe 6 a, and the lower collecting chamber 16 from the catalyst layer outlet 15. And flows out through the reactor outlet nozzle 17.
It is obvious that the lower end position of the central tube 7 is located above the lower end of the inner tube 6a.
[0018]
(Example)
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is shown in Table 1 below along with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003924040
[0020]
The feed gas composition, feed gas space velocity, and reaction pressure are common to the examples and comparative examples.
Figure 0003924040
[0021]
This example shows the temperature characteristics of the annular catalyst layer 13 in the reactor 1 having the structure according to the embodiment of the present invention. The boiling liquid 19 for cooling is saturated pressurized water. The example shows almost the same temperature characteristics as the comparative example, and it can be seen that the desired performance of the reactor is obtained although the reactor structure is changed.
[0022]
In Comparative Example 1, the catalyst layer inlet temperature is 282 ° C., and the maximum catalyst layer temperature is 315 ° C. In particular, at the initial stage of operation where the catalyst activity is good, the life of the catalyst can be further extended by lowering the temperature of the catalyst layer as a whole.
Comparative Example 2 is a reaction example using the reactor of FIG. The case where the quench gas which is a cold unreacted supply gas is mixed with the unreacted supply gas which has exited the inner pipe to lower the catalyst layer inlet temperature is shown. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the maximum temperature of the catalyst layer is made possible without lowering the pressure of the pressurized water.
[0023]
Pressurized water evaporates with heat of reaction and is taken out from the reactor in the form of water vapor, and is effectively used as various energy sources. In this case, the higher the water vapor pressure, the higher the value of that energy. Needless to say.
Therefore, as shown in the examples according to the present invention, the maximum temperature of the catalyst layer can be kept at a predetermined value or less without reducing the recovered steam pressure by using the reactor structure in which the central tube is installed in the inner tube. It has an effect that can be done.
[0024]
As described above, the reactor of the present invention has industrially great value as a reactor for performing a gas phase exothermic reaction using a granular solid catalyst, and can be applied to uses other than the methanol synthesis reaction. The gas composition, catalyst type, shape, space velocity, pressure, and temperature are not particularly limited.
[0025]
Although omitted in FIG. 1, the structure in which the inner tube 6 and the center tube 7 are located in the center of the reaction tube 3 and the structure in which the lower tube plate 4b is provided to prevent the catalyst from falling are already known. There is no provision for these. In addition, the length of the catalyst-filled reaction tube 3, the diameters of the inner tube 6 and the central tube 7, or fins and grooves provided on the tube surface to increase the heat transfer area, the material of the tube, and the baffle shape are also specified. Not what you want. These points are determined by many conditions such as pressure, gas composition, temperature, magnitude of reaction heat, catalyst performance and the like, and are not particularly limited in the present invention.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the reactor according to the present invention, the inner tube is further provided with a central tube, and the lower end position of the central tube is at a distance of 1/10 to 2/3 of the reaction tube length from the upper end of the reaction tube. The lower end position of the central tube is arranged to be higher than the lower end position of the reaction tube. By supplying unreacted gas from the upper part of the reactor, the catalyst extraction work in the lower collecting chamber of the reactor can be made efficient. Furthermore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of attaching the branch pipe in the lower collecting chamber when the catalyst is charged. In addition, the above-mentioned distance can suppress as much as possible an increase in pressure loss when unreacted gas passes through the central tube and the surrounding annular channel, and a cooling effect from the inside of the annular catalyst layer can be expected. . Further, in the reactor of the present invention, a nozzle for filling the catalyst is provided on the shielding plate, and the upper end opening of the nozzle is closed with a plug. Therefore, when filling the catalyst, the plug is opened and catalyst particles are supplied from the nozzle into the reaction tube. it can.
In other words, in the present invention, a part of the reaction heat of the gas that is reacting in the catalyst layer is left through the tube wall of the inner tube, and the center tube is moved in an annular flow by heat transfer through the annular channel and the tube wall. Since this unreacted gas is preheated by giving it to the unreacted gas flowing in the channel and the central tube, it is natural that the gas temperature in the central tube and the annular flow path must be kept lower than the reaction temperature. Thus, cooling of the gas in the catalyst layer, which is reacting with preheating of the unreacted gas, and temperature control are performed. However, the remaining reaction heat is removed as latent heat of water evaporation by heat transfer through the tube wall to the pressurized water at the saturation temperature in contact with the outer surface of the reaction tube, and the generated pressurized water vapor is taken out of the reactor and used for other purposes. To do. Naturally, if the pressurized water temperature is not set lower than the reaction temperature, heat transfer does not occur and the reaction heat removal action does not occur, so the pressure of the pressurized water (saturated based on the required heat transfer amount and the target reaction temperature) Temperature) should be installed at the appropriate conditions.
[0027]
As described above, the present invention is suitable for a reactor intended to conduct an exothermic reaction using a solid granular catalyst, such as a methanol synthesis reactor, and when the reaction temperature is preferably controlled in terms of reactor performance. However, it has a structure that can perform design, production, inspection, repair, catalyst filling, and catalyst extraction more efficiently and has great industrial value. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a reactor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a reactor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between pressure and temperature effects on methanol reaction equilibrium concentration.
FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing a reaction tube of a conventional reactor.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional reactor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reactor 2 Casing 3 Reaction tube 4a, 4b Tube plate 5 Plug 6, 6a Inner tube 7 Center tube 8 Annular flow path 9 Shield plate 10 Unreacted gas 11 Catalyst layer inlet 12 Unreacted gas supply chamber 13 Annular catalyst layer 14 Not Reaction supply gas nozzle 15 Catalyst layer outlet 16 Lower assembly chamber 17 Reactor outlet nozzle 18 Reaction gas 19 Boiling liquid 20 Inlet nozzle 21 Outlet nozzle 22 Cylindrical catalyst layer 39 Shield plate 39a Catalyst filling nozzle 39b Plug

Claims (3)

内部に複数本の反応管を配設し、該反応管のほぼ中央に下端を閉じた内管を設置するとともに、該内管のほぼ中央に中心管を配置し、前記反応管と前記内管とで囲まれた環状空間を粒状触媒充填部として構成する一方、前記反応管の上端に全体および一部の少なくとも一方が取り外し可能な遮蔽板を設けるとともに、該遮蔽板のほぼ中央に前記中心管を接続し、供給された未反応供給ガスが前記中心管の上方より下方へ流通して、前記中心管の下端出口より前記内管内へ流通し、更に前記未反応供給ガスが前記内管と前記中心管とで囲まれた環状流路を上方へ流れ、かつ前記粒状触媒充填部においては、上方より下方へ流れるように構成した反応器であって、前記内管のほぼ中央に位置する中心管の下端位置が、前記反応管の上端より、反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離にあり、前記中心管の下端位置が前記反応管の下端位置よりも上方に位置すべく配設されていることを特徴とする反応器。A plurality of reaction tubes are arranged inside, an inner tube having a closed lower end is installed at substantially the center of the reaction tube, and a center tube is arranged at almost the center of the inner tube, and the reaction tube and the inner tube are arranged. Is formed as a granular catalyst filling portion, and a shield plate is provided at the upper end of the reaction tube, the whole or a part of which can be removed, and the central tube is provided at substantially the center of the shield plate. And the supplied unreacted supply gas flows downward from above the central tube, flows from the lower end outlet of the central tube into the inner tube, and the unreacted supply gas flows between the inner tube and the inner tube. A reactor configured to flow upward in an annular flow path surrounded by a central tube and to flow downward from above in the granular catalyst packed portion, and is a central tube located substantially at the center of the inner tube The lower end position of the reaction from the upper end of the reaction tube There 1/10 of the length at a distance of 2/3 reactor, wherein a lower end position of the center tube is arranged to sit above the lower end position of the reaction tube. 前記複数本の反応のほぼ中央に配置され、かつ下端を閉じた前記内管は、その下端が前記反応管の下端よりも上方に位置していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。The lower end of the inner tube disposed at substantially the center of the plurality of reaction tubes and closed at the lower end is positioned above the lower end of the reaction tube. Reactor. 内部に複数本の反応管を配設し、該反応管のほぼ中央に下端を閉じた内管を設置するとともに、該内管のほぼ中央に中心管を配置し、前記反応管と前記内管とで囲まれた環状空間を粒状触媒充填部として構成する一方、前記反応管の上端に遮蔽板を設け、該遮蔽板に触媒充填用ノズルを設け、該ノズルの上端開口部をプラグで塞いでいるとともに、前記遮蔽板のほぼ中央に前記中心管を接続し、供給された未反応供給ガスが前記中心管の上方より下方へ流通して、前記中心管の下端出口より前記内管内へ流通し、更に前記未反応供給ガスが前記内管と前記中心管とで囲まれた環状流路を上方へ流れ、かつ前記粒状触媒充填部においては、上方より下方へ流れるように構成した反応器であって、前記内管のほぼ中央に位置する中心管の下端位置が、前記反応管の上端より、反応管長さの1/10から2/3の距離にあり、前記中心管の下端位置が前記反応管の下端位置よりも上方に位置すべく配設されていることを特徴とする応器。 A plurality of reaction tubes are arranged inside, an inner tube having a closed lower end is installed at substantially the center of the reaction tube, and a center tube is arranged at almost the center of the inner tube, and the reaction tube and the inner tube are arranged. Is formed as a granular catalyst filling portion, a shielding plate is provided at the upper end of the reaction tube, a catalyst filling nozzle is provided on the shielding plate, and the upper end opening of the nozzle is closed with a plug. And the central tube is connected to substantially the center of the shielding plate, and the supplied unreacted supply gas flows downward from above the central tube and flows into the inner tube from the lower end outlet of the central tube. Further, the reactor is configured such that the unreacted supply gas flows upward in an annular flow passage surrounded by the inner tube and the central tube, and flows downward from above in the granular catalyst filling unit. Te, the lower end position of the central tube located in the approximate center of the inner tube , The upper end of the reaction tube, Ri 1/10 2/3 distance away of the reaction tube length, that have been arranged to sit above the lower end position of the lower end position of the central tube the reaction tube anti-応器, characterized in that.
JP08355597A 1997-04-02 1997-04-02 Reactor Expired - Lifetime JP3924040B2 (en)

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JP3924040B2 true JP3924040B2 (en) 2007-06-06

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JP2000109441A (en) 1998-10-02 2000-04-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Synthesis of methanol
JP4508327B2 (en) * 1998-12-07 2010-07-21 三菱重工業株式会社 Method for producing methanol

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