JP3909113B2 - Waste incinerator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste incinerator that suppresses the use of a burner and efficiently burns waste and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the conventional incinerator, an incinerator using a reverse combustion method is known in which a flame generated from burning waste or the like is pulled downward to burn. This reverse combustion type incinerator is efficient because it can continuously inject and incinerate waste and the like from the inlet provided in the upper part. This reverse combustion type incinerator is divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash storage chamber by a rooster, a main combustion chamber provided with a main burner, and a furnace wall of the ash storage chamber. A recombustion chamber which is communicated with the main combustion chamber via a first spark and is provided with a reburning burner; and a second fire which is opened at the top of the furnace wall of the recombustion chamber. The dust collecting chamber communicates with the dust collecting chamber, and the exhaust chamber communicates with the dust collecting chamber and discharges exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe.
[0003]
In the reverse combustion type incinerator, combustibles such as waste are combusted in the upper combustion chamber, and a soot state layer is formed on the rooster below the combustion chamber. The flame containing soot primarily burned in the combustion chamber is reburned by passing through the soot state layer, and goes to the chimney as a gas not containing soot.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the above-described reverse combustion type incinerator, the wastes and the like input from the input port may be caught by the rooster and cause a shelving phenomenon and may not fall into the primary combustion portion. Therefore, the reverse combustion type incinerator has been configured so that the wastes and the like are easily dropped by widening the interval between the roosters in order to prevent the shelving phenomenon of the wastes and the like. However, in a reverse combustion type incinerator, a phenomenon has occurred in which waste or the like falls from a wide-range roast to the ash chamber and burns in the ash chamber.
[0005]
In a conventional reverse combustion type incinerator, the standing wall that rises at the bottom of the ash storage chamber that constitutes the first igniter opened in the ash storage chamber flows exclusively into the recombustion chamber. It is configured as a partition wall so that it does not have a sufficient height. For this reason, the flame burned in the ash reservoir chamber flows directly into the recombustion chamber. The flame burned in the ash chamber is not reburned because it does not pass through the soot layer, and as it is, it becomes black smoke containing soot and exits from the chimney. For this reason, the flame which flowed into the recombustion chamber from the ash storage chamber needs to be recombusted using a reburning burner in the recombustion chamber.
[0006]
Further, in the reverse combustion type incinerator, the first flame is opened corresponding to the rooster. For this reason, in the reverse combustion type incinerator, combustion of wastes and the like that are in a soot state on the rooster is promoted, and the soot state layer cannot be maintained and the reburning chamber is passed through the first flame. Easy to flow in. Since the waste etc. which flowed into the recombustion chamber are not completely burned, it is necessary to recombust it using a reburn burner in the recombustion chamber.
[0007]
Furthermore, since the soot state layer has a function of recombusting the flame containing the soot primarily burned in the combustion chamber, the flame containing soot cannot be efficiently burned in the main combustion chamber unless the state is maintained.
[0008]
As described above, in the conventional reverse combustion incinerator, efficient combustion is not performed in the main combustion chamber, and waste or the like is burned by using the reburning burner in the reburning chamber. There was a problem that it was too bad and expensive.
[0009]
Accordingly, the present invention has been proposed for the purpose of providing a waste incinerator that efficiently burns waste in the main combustion chamber, suppresses the use of a reburn burner, and reduces costs. It is.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The waste incinerator according to the present invention that achieves this object has a waste inlet or the like opened at the top, divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash chamber by a rooster, and a main burner is provided. a main combustion chamber which is a first main combustion chamber via a Ki ze fire and communicated with and relapse burners opened positioned above the bottom of the ash reservoir chamber to the furnace wall of the Haitamarishitsu is distribution A recombustion chamber provided, a dust collection chamber communicated via a second spark established at the top of the furnace wall of the recombustion chamber, and a dust collection chamber communicated with the dust collection chamber. supplied with it the exhaust gas from the exhaust chamber to release from the exhaust tube, the furnace wall of the Haitamarishitsu constituting the Ki ze the first fire has a height which is substantially opposite to the above grate, the the guide wall for guiding the flame burns in the ash reservoir chamber to mix with the flame burning in the combustion chamber Form composed.
Moreover, waste combustion furnace according to the present invention is the main combustion chamber, the first located between the fire ze can and the grate block the part of the Ki ze the first fire partition wall provided, opening defined between the partition wall and the guide wall constitutes the current flame combustion outlet, the said current flame combustion air outlet is supplied with air.
[0011]
According to the waste incinerator according to the present invention configured as described above, the guide wall guides upward the flame containing soot generated by burning the waste or the like that has fallen into the ash chamber. The flame is recombusted by mixing with a primary combustion high-temperature flame, and the ash reservoir chamber functions as an auxiliary combustion chamber. Therefore, in the waste incinerator according to the present invention, waste and the like are efficiently burned in the main combustion chamber.
[0012]
Further, according to the waste incinerator according to the present invention, the partition wall between the first flame and the rooster flows into the recombustion chamber through the first flame while the waste or the like burns. In addition to preventing this, the soot state layer is maintained on the rooster so that wastes and the like are efficiently burned in the main combustion chamber. Further, the flame collection combustion outlet acts to efficiently burn soot-containing flame in the main combustion chamber by mixing the flame burned in the combustion chamber and the flame burned in the ash chamber.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the waste incinerator according to the present invention is included in the main combustion chamber 20 for incinerating the waste 3 input by the automatic waste input device 1 and the exhaust gas in the main combustion chamber 20. A re-combustion chamber 50 for burning the organic unburned components, a dust collection chamber 60 for capturing and removing fine dust and harmful gases in the exhaust gas, and discharging the exhaust gas to the outside through the exhaust pipe An exhaust chamber 70 and an ejector device 72 that supplies air for discharging exhaust gas to the exhaust chamber 70 to increase the flow velocity.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic waste input device 1 receives waste 3 conveyed by a belt conveyor 2 provided with a bag breaking device (not shown), a separation device for separating non-combustible materials such as metal cans, and the like. A hopper 4 is provided. The hopper 4 is normally stored in an elevator car 5 and stands by at a waste receiving port 7 opened at a lower portion of the side wall of the tower 6 constituting the automatic waste throwing apparatus 1. The hopper 4 is moved up and down in the tower 5 by a hoist 8 disposed on the ceiling of the tower 5. Furthermore, the hopper 4 is rotatable integrally with a chain wheel 9 disposed at the bottom thereof. The chain wheel 9 is connected to a pinion 11 via a chain 10. The pinion 11 moves along the inner wall of the tower 5 as the hopper 4 moves up and down in the tower 5.
[0015]
In the tower 5, a waste input port 12 is opened in the upper portion of the inner wall, and a rack 13 having a predetermined length in the height direction is disposed on the inner wall of the lower end portion of the waste input port 12. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, when the hoist 8 is activated and the hopper 4 is driven to rise up to the waste inlet 12 in the tower 5, the pinion 11 is meshed with the rack 13 and rotated. The chain wheel 9 rotates. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the hopper 4 turns the waste 3 that has been rotated and loaded together with the chain wheel 9 into the main combustion chamber 20 from the waste inlet 12. The hopper 4 moves down the tower 5 by starting the hoist 8 after the waste 3 is put into the incinerator and waits again at the waste receiving port 6.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, the main combustion chamber 20 has a waste input port 23 for receiving the waste 3 from the automatic waste input device 1 through a furnace input port door 22 in a part of its outer wall 21. Yes. The furnace inlet door 22 is automatically opened and closed when the waste 3 is charged from the automatic waste charging apparatus 1 by being connected to the charging door drive motor 24 with a wire. In the main combustion chamber 20, a waste auxiliary input port 25 is provided in a part of the outer wall 21 facing the waste input port 23. The waste auxiliary input port 25 enables the input of waste and the like into the main combustion chamber 20 without going through the automatic waste input device 1.
[0017]
The main combustion chamber 20 has a bottomed rectangular tube shape as a whole, and an upper space portion where the waste inlet 23 is opened is configured as a hopper chamber 26. The lower part of the hopper chamber 26 has a double wall structure by lining a furnace wall 27 formed of refractory bricks or the like inside the outer wall 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the furnace wall 27 has a substantially inverted truncated pyramid shape in which the furnace walls facing each other in the longitudinal direction gradually decrease in inner diameter downward.
[0018]
In the main combustion chamber 20, a rooster 28 is disposed in a space portion in which a furnace wall 27 is lined. The rooster 28 includes a bar rooster 28a that spans the furnace wall 27 in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of horseshoe roosters 28b combined with the bar rooster 28a, and an arch rooster 28c that spans the width of the furnace wall. In the main combustion chamber 20, the air permeability in the furnace is improved by combining a plurality of types of roosters 28 in this way. In addition, the rooster 28 is installed with a wide space between each other in order to prevent waste or the like from causing a shelving phenomenon and falling into a combustion chamber 29 described later. The bar rooster 28a and the horseshoe rooster 28b are formed of a steel material, and a number of through holes for stealing meat are formed within a range that does not hinder the strength. The arch rooster 28c is made of refractory bricks or the like, and a plurality of through holes are formed to communicate between a combustion chamber 29 and an ash reservoir chamber 30 which will be described later.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1, the main combustion chamber 20 is divided up and down by a rooster 28. That is, in the main combustion chamber 20, the upper space portion is configured as the combustion chamber 29 and the lower space portion is configured as the ash reservoir chamber 30. A main burner 32 that receives oil from an oil supply device 31 provided outside the furnace is disposed on the furnace wall 27 that constitutes the ash chamber 30. Waste or the like accumulates on the rooster 28 from the hopper chamber 26 and is burned by receiving supply of air from a combustion air inlet 33 (to be described later) when the main burner 32 is ignited to become incinerated ash. And slides down to the ash chamber 30 and accumulates.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 2, the main combustion chamber 20 forms the outer peripheral space between the furnace wall 27 and the outer wall 21 as a heated air chamber 34 by forming the furnace wall 27 in a truncated pyramid shape. In the combustion chamber 29, a combustion air introduction port 33 communicating with the heated air chamber 34 is opened in a part of the furnace wall 27 corresponding to the rooster 28. On the outer wall 21 constituting the heated air chamber 34, an air inlet 35 that is connected to a blower (not shown) and receives air supply is provided. The heated air chamber 34 holds the air taken in from the air intake 35 in a high temperature state by heat storage of the refractory bricks constituting the combustion chamber 29 and the ash storage chamber 30, and combusts the heated air from the combustion air inlet 33. It supplies to the chamber 29, and also supplies to the recombustion chamber 50 via the 1st spark 37 mentioned later. As shown in FIG. 1, an ash outlet 36 for taking out the deposited incineration ash is opened in the ash storage chamber 30, and this ash outlet 36 also functions as an air inlet for the main combustion chamber 20. .
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ash reservoir chamber 30 is formed with a first blast 37 configured as a vertically long opening slightly below the barrostle 28 a as shown in FIG. 1. The first blast 37 is established by raising the furnace wall 27 of the ash reservoir 30 to a height almost opposite to the arch rooster 28c, and is positioned above the bottom of the ash reservoir 30.
[0022]
As described above, the furnace wall 27 rises up to a height substantially opposite to the arch rooster 28c to form the guide wall 38. As described above, the guide wall 38 is installed with the space between the roosters 28 widened, so that the flame containing soot generated by burning the wastes falling into the ash storage chamber 30 directly enters the recombustion chamber 50. To stop doing. In addition, the induction wall 38 regenerates the soot component by inducing upward the flame containing soot burned in the ash storage chamber 30 and mixing it with the high-temperature flame burning in the combustion chamber 29, and thereby the ash storage chamber. 30 has a function as an auxiliary combustion chamber. Further, the guide wall 38 rises to a position facing the main burner 32, thereby stopping the flame of the main burner 32 in the main combustion chamber 20 and preventing the flame from entering the recombustion chamber 50. Wastes are burned efficiently. Of course, the guide wall 38 can also maintain the conventional function of preventing the incinerated ash accumulated in the ash storage chamber 30 from entering the recombustion chamber 50.
[0023]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the main combustion chamber 20 is located in front of the first flame 37 and between the rooster 28 and is provided with a part of the first flame 37 by a refractory material. A partition wall 39 is provided to close the part. The partition wall 39 prevents waste or the like from flowing into the recombustion chamber 50 through the first spark 37 while maintaining a soot state, and maintains a soot state layer on the rooster in the main combustion chamber 20. Wastes are burned efficiently. It should be noted that closing a part of the first spark 37 is related to the incineration ability, and therefore the width to be blocked by the partition wall 39 is about 200 mm.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 1, the partition wall 39 is installed to a position slightly above the guide wall 38, and an opening therebetween is configured as a flame collecting combustion outlet 40. The flame collection combustion outlet 40 mixes the flame combusted in the combustion chamber 29 and the flame containing soot combusted in the ash storage chamber 30, and from the heated air chamber 33 through the combustion air inlet 34 as described above. By receiving the air supply, the soot component is efficiently burned in the main combustion chamber 20. The flame mixed at the flame collection combustion outlet 40 goes to a recombustion chamber 50 described later as exhaust gas not containing soot.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 1, a recombustion chamber 50 is provided adjacent to the main combustion chamber 20 via a first spark 37. The re-combustion chamber 50 has a substantially rectangular shape, and a second spark 52 is opened on the top of the furnace wall 51 facing the first spark 37. Further, in the recombustion chamber 50, a part of the side furnace wall located in the vicinity of the second spark 52 receives fuel from the fuel filler 31 so that the burner flame reaches the second spark 52. Thus, the reburn burner 53 is disposed.
[0026]
The second spark 52 communicates the re-combustion chamber 50 with a dust collection chamber 60 described later, and is not only in the front-rear direction of the exhaust gas flow path but also in the vertical direction with respect to the first spark 37. By opening them apart, the flow area of the exhaust gas flowing through the recombustion chamber 50 is enlarged. The second spark 52 has an opening area slightly smaller than that of the first spark 37 in order to increase the gas flow rate. The second flame 52 is constituted by a flame member 54 containing silicon carbide having excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance as a main component and containing silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide or the like. The blazing member 54 is formed, for example, by an integral body that is substantially the same as the opening shape of the second blazing 52 and forms a part of the furnace wall 51, or by combining a plurality of cylindrical members. In any case, a large number of through holes are formed.
[0027]
As described above, the recombustion chamber 50 is sufficiently supplied with high-temperature heated air from the heated air chamber 33 via the first spark 37, and is maintained at a high temperature by the reburn burner 53 being ignited. It constitutes a high oxidation chamber. In addition, the blazing member 54 provided with a large number of through holes rectifies the exhaust gas flowing into the dust collecting chamber 60 provided adjacent to the recombustion chamber 50 into an effective flow. This exhaust gas still contains fine dust or harmful gas, and is captured and removed in a dust collection chamber 60 configured as a self-spray centrifugal centrifugal dust collector.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the dust collection chamber 60 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and a water tank 61 is disposed at the bottom. Further, in the dust collection chamber 60, a duct 62 is disposed on the ceiling portion with the same central axis as the dust collection chamber 60. The opening end of the duct 62 is positioned corresponding to the lower end wall of the second spark 52 opened at the upper part of the side wall of the dust collection chamber 60. The water tank 61 is always kept at a constant water level by receiving water supply from a water supply device 63 provided outside the furnace.
[0029]
The blast member 54 has a through hole that opens in a direction along a tangent to the inner peripheral wall of the dust collection chamber 60. The exhaust gas thus rectified flows while swirling in the dust collecting chamber 60 along the inner peripheral wall to the water tank 61 to form a primary swirling air flow 64. The primary swirling air flow 64 is brought into contact with the water surface of the water tank 61, thereby generating a secondary swirling air flow 65 whose central portion has a higher speed than the surroundings and whose moving radius is smaller than that of the primary swirling air flow 64. Since the secondary swirling airflow 65 is sucked into the duct 62 while swirling at a high speed, a high vacuum zone is generated at the center of the dust collecting chamber 60.
[0030]
Therefore, the water in the water tank 61 is sucked up toward the vacuum zone by the secondary swirling airflow 65, is formed into water droplets by the centrifugal force of the secondary swirling airflow 65, and is violently evaporated by evaporation under reduced pressure. The temperature of the exhaust gas in the peripheral portion decreases due to the evaporation of the sucked-up water under reduced pressure, and the specific gravity increases. The exhaust gas is pushed toward the peripheral wall of the dust collection chamber 60 by the centrifugal force and is removed from the vacuum zone. Thereafter, the water vapor condenses again to form water droplets and falls into the water tank 61. In this manner, condensed water droplets are actively generated in the vicinity of the duct 62 to form a mist, and fine dust or toxic gas in the exhaust gas is captured and removed during condensation.
[0031]
The exhaust chamber 70 is constituted by a part of the exhaust cylinder 71 and receives supply of air from the ejector device 72. The ejector duct 73 of the ejector device 72 is open at a position where the duct 62 opens to the exhaust chamber 70. The ejector device 72 supplies air by the blower 75 housed in the soundproof room 74. An automatic damper 76 is disposed in a part of the ejector duct 73. The automatic damper 76 controls the amount of air supplied from the ejector device 72 to the exhaust chamber 70 so that the mixing ratio of exhaust gas and air discharged from the exhaust cylinder 71 is approximately 1: 1.
[0032]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust pipe 71 is provided with a dust-proof net 77 at the tip. The dust-proof net 77 is for capturing fine soot and the like that could not be captured in the furnace contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust cylinder 71. In addition, the exhaust cylinder 71 is provided with a smoke detection sensor for monitoring the state of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust cylinder 71 in place of the dustproof net 77 at the front end portion, and the main smoke sensor is provided via the smoke detector. The combustion capability of the burner 34 or the reburn burner 53 can also be controlled.
[0033]
In the above-described waste incinerator, the exhaust pipe 71 is provided because the guide wall 38, the partition wall 39, the flame collecting combustion outlet 40, and the like are disposed so that the waste can be efficiently burned in the furnace. There is almost no generation of black smoke. For this reason, the dust-proof net 77 does not necessarily need to be installed, and a smoke detector that can be installed in place of the dust-proof net 77 may be installed simply for monitoring the state of the exhaust gas.
[0034]
Furthermore, in the waste incinerator described above, a temperature sensor 66 that detects the temperature state of the exhaust gas is disposed in a part of the duct 62 to control the main burner 34 or the reburn burner 53. These are not necessarily provided. In the waste incinerator, the dust collection chamber 60 is configured as a self-spraying centrifugal dust collector. However, for example, a cyclone dust collector may be used. It is.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the waste combustion furnace according to the present invention, the furnace wall of the ash chamber has a height substantially opposite to the rooster, and the flame that burns in the ash chamber is burned in the combustion chamber. By constructing a guide wall that leads to mix with the flame that burns, it is possible to achieve efficient combustion of waste etc. in the main combustion chamber, and the amount of reburn burner used may be extremely small or not required at all Thus, cost reduction is also achieved.
[0036]
Further, according to the waste incinerator according to the present invention, a partition wall is provided between the first flame and the rooster, and the space between the guide wall and the partition wall is configured as a flame collecting combustion outlet , By supplying air to this flame collection combustion outlet, it is possible to achieve efficient combustion of waste etc. in the main combustion chamber, and the amount of reburn burner used may be extremely small or not required at all. Thus, cost reduction is also achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a waste incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main combustion chamber of the waste incinerator.
FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of the waste incinerator.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Waste automatic charging device, 3 Waste, 20 Main combustion chamber, 23 Waste input port, 26 Hopper chamber, 28 Rooster, 29 Combustion chamber, 30 Ash storage chamber, 32 Main burner, 37 First flame, 38 guide wall, 39 partition wall, 40 flame collection combustion outlet, 50 recombustion chamber, 52 second spark, 53 reburn burner, 60 dust collection chamber, 62 duct, 70 exhaust chamber, 71 exhaust cylinder, 72 ejector device , 76 Automatic damper

Claims (2)

A main combustion chamber in which an input port for waste or the like is opened at the top and is divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash storage chamber by a rooster, and a main burner is disposed;
A recombustion chamber which is communicated with the main combustion chamber via a first blast located on the furnace wall of the ash chamber and located above the bottom of the ash chamber, and in which a reburning burner is disposed; ,
A dust collection chamber communicated via a second blast that is established at the top of the furnace wall of the recombustion chamber;
This dust collection chamber communicates with the exhaust chamber that receives the supply of air from the ejector device and discharges exhaust gas from the exhaust stack.
The furnace wall of the ash storage chamber constituting the first blast has a height substantially opposite to the rooster, so that the flame combusting in the ash storage chamber is mixed with the flame combusting in the combustion chamber. A waste incinerator characterized by comprising an induction wall leading to The main combustion chamber is provided with a partition wall that is located between the first spark and the rooster and blocks a part of the first spark, and between the partition wall and the guide wall. The waste incinerator according to claim 1 , wherein the opening configured constitutes a flame collecting combustion outlet, and air is supplied to the flame collecting combustion outlet .

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