JP3897261B2 - Actinomycetes for degrading polylactic acid resin and method for microbial degradation of polylactic acid resin - Google Patents
Actinomycetes for degrading polylactic acid resin and method for microbial degradation of polylactic acid resin Download PDFInfo
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- JP3897261B2 JP3897261B2 JP21082997A JP21082997A JP3897261B2 JP 3897261 B2 JP3897261 B2 JP 3897261B2 JP 21082997 A JP21082997 A JP 21082997A JP 21082997 A JP21082997 A JP 21082997A JP 3897261 B2 JP3897261 B2 JP 3897261B2
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- polylactic acid
- acid resin
- actinomycetes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/105—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規な生物学的処理法によるポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法および分解能を有する耐熱性放線菌に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近、プラスチック廃棄物の処理が問題になっている。処理法としては焼却や埋め立てが主であるが、焼却は地球温暖化の促進、埋め立ては埋め立て地の減少等の問題を抱え、生物学的分解処理法が注目されている。また、ポリ乳酸樹脂は次世代のプラスチックとして種々の用途開発が進められており、近い将来、現在使用されているプラスチック同様、廃棄物問題がクローズアップされることが十分に予想される。
【0003】
ポリ乳酸樹脂は水系の中で加水分解する高分子であり、現在医療や医薬用材料として応用されているが、澱粉等の再生可能な資源から乳酸醗酵を通して合成できることから、環境分解が困難である汎用プラスチックに代わる生分解性プラスチックの素材として注目されている。ポリ乳酸樹脂は、その構成モノマーの種類によりポリL−乳酸、ポリD−乳酸、ポリDL−乳酸あるいは、他の高分子との共重合体が存在している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ポリ乳酸樹脂は酵素によって加水分解が促進されると知られている。しかしながら、これまでポリ乳酸樹脂およびその廃棄物を直接生物学的に分解処理するための微生物およびその微生物による分解法技術は、ほとんど知られていなかった。 そこで本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂およびそれらを含むプラスチックを、直接生物学的に分解処理する放線菌およびその方法を提供する事を目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、微生物学的手段により優れたポリ乳酸分解活性を有する放線菌を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
即ち、本発明によれば、ポリ乳酸を放線菌で分解する事を特徴とするポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供され、また無機塩類を含む培地にポリ乳酸樹脂とActinomadura属に属する放線菌を添加し分解する事を特徴とするポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供され、特に前記Actinomadura属に属する放線菌が Actinomadura viridis (FERM P−16247)である事を特徴とする前記ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供される。更に、培養条件がpH4.0〜10.0、温度10〜75℃である事を特徴とする前記ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供される。
【0007】
なお、本発明でいうポリ乳酸とは、乳酸を主要成分とする重合体を指し、ポリL−乳酸やポリD−乳酸等のポリ乳酸ホモポリマー、ポリL/D−乳酸共重合体、およびこれらに他のポリマーを共重合させたポリ乳酸共重合体、そして上記ポリマー間、および他の成分ポリマーとのブレンド体を含み、重合体中の乳酸成分の重量比率が10%以上のものを言う。
【0008】
本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解を、その分解能を有する放線菌に行わせる事で、好気条件下でのポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理を可能にするものである。
【0009】
ポリ乳酸分解活性を有する微生物は放線菌である。その中で特にActinomadura属に属する放線菌が好ましく、その分離獲得は以下に示す方法により行った。
本発明者らは、茨城県つくば市の土壌およびコンポストを採用し、以下に詳述する操作を経て、ポリ乳酸樹脂を分解する好気性微生物を分離獲得した。
【0010】
以下の表1に示す基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂を乳化させ、1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を調製した。各サンプル1g を5mlの滅菌水に懸濁させ、10〜102 倍に希釈した後、0.2mlを調製した培地に塗布した。培養は、50℃の孵卵機中で行った。培地上に生育したコロニーの中で、コロニーの周囲に透明領域を形成したものを、ポリ乳酸 樹脂の分解菌とし、白金耳でコロニーを釣り上げる事により単離操作を行った。
【0011】
【表1】
培地中生育したコロニーの中から、周囲に透明領域を確認したサンプルのコロニーを白金耳で釣り上げ、同様な培地を用い純粋分離し、ポリ乳酸樹脂分解菌(FERM P−16247)を得る事が出来た。
【0012】
分解菌株を、NUTRIENT BROTHに接種しコロニーを形成させ、得られた菌体の性状について顕微鏡で観察した。結果は以下の表2に示す。
【0013】
【表2】
表2に示す結果を Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9版等に参照し、また脂肪酸分析の結果から、上記の菌株は Actinomadura 属の菌と性状が類似している事から、FERM P−16247はActinomadura viridis である事が示された。
【0014】
本発明で使用される菌株は Actinomadura 属とし、ポリ乳酸樹脂を処理するために本菌株(FERM P−16247)を含んだ微生物群を用いる事が望ましい。
【0015】
本菌株または、本菌株を含む微生物群は必要に応じて、凍結乾燥した粉末、その粉末と各種ビタミンやミネラルと必要な栄養源を配合した後に打錠した錠剤、先に記した基本培地中で生育培養させた培養液等の形で、ポリ乳酸樹脂の処理に提供される。
【0016】
本発明における培養に於いて使用される基本培地は、窒素源として例えば、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム等が使用され、その他無機塩としてリン酸一カリウム、リン酸二カリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸第一鉄、モリブテン酸ナトリウム、タングステン酸ナトリウムおよび硫酸マンガン等の、通常利用される培養源が使用され、そのpHは4.0〜10.0であり、好ましくはpH5.0〜8.0である。また、培養温度は10〜75℃であり、好ましくは30〜70℃である。
【0017】
本発明のポリ乳酸の生物学的分解処理は、培養槽に先に示した基本培地、処理されるべきポリ乳酸樹脂、上記菌株および菌群を配合した粉末、錠剤、培養液を添加する事で行われる事が望ましいが、上記菌株を活性汚泥およびコンポストに組み込んでも良い。なお、基本培地に対するポリ乳酸樹脂の投入量は、0.01重量%〜10. 0重量%が望ましい。添加する微生物量は極少量であっても構わないが、投入量が処理時間に影響を及ぼさないためにポリ乳酸樹脂に対して、0.01重量%以上が好ましい。
【0018】
【実施例1】
表1の基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 ×105 )を乳化させた1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を用意し、FERM P−16247菌株を接種し、50℃で2週間培養した。その結果は図1に示したように、乳化白濁した寒天平板培地上での、FERM P−16247菌株のコロニー形成に伴い、コロニー周囲に透明領域が確認された。
【0019】
【実施例2】
表1の基本培地100mlに対し、粉末加工したポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 × 105 )を炭素源として100mg添加したものを用意し、FERM P−16247菌株を接種し、50℃で、粉末加工したポリ乳酸樹脂を4週間、180rpm回転型振とう機で培養した。添加した粉末加工ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解に伴う、ポリ乳酸樹脂の回収重量(クロロホルム抽出)の変化を測定した。その結果は表3に示したように、菌株を植菌しないコントロールが培養前後で重量が変化しなかったのに比べ、ポリ乳酸樹脂の回収重量が約25%減少した。
【0020】
以上の事から、分離菌株は高分子のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解出来る事が明らかとなった。なお、図1はFERM P−16247による寒天平板培地中のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解しているコロニーの培養2週間後の状態を示すものである。
【0021】
【表3】
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明のポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法は、ポリ乳酸樹脂廃棄物の処理方法であり、これまで既存の焼却のように排ガスも生じず、埋立処理に比べて極めて省時間な技術であり、廃棄物処理上で極めて価値の高い方法である。
【0023】
また、コンポスト化施設で本発明の処理方法を用いる事により、ポリ乳酸樹脂を有機酸等の有用物質や堆肥に転換する事も可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】FERM P−16247による寒天平板培地中のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解しているコロニーの、培養2週間後の状態を表わす顕微鏡写真。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for degrading polylactic acid resin by a novel biological treatment method and a heat-resistant actinomycetes having a resolution.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, disposal of plastic waste has become a problem. Incineration and landfill are the main treatment methods, but incineration has problems such as promotion of global warming, landfill has a problem of landfill reduction, and biological decomposition treatment methods are attracting attention. In addition, polylactic acid resin is being developed for various applications as a next-generation plastic, and it is expected that the waste problem will be highlighted in the near future, as is the case with plastics currently used.
[0003]
Polylactic acid resin is a polymer that hydrolyzes in an aqueous system, and is currently applied as a medical and pharmaceutical material. However, it can be synthesized through lactic acid fermentation from renewable resources such as starch, making environmental degradation difficult. It is attracting attention as a biodegradable plastic material that can replace general-purpose plastic. The polylactic acid resin includes poly L-lactic acid, poly D-lactic acid, poly DL-lactic acid, or a copolymer with another polymer depending on the type of constituent monomer.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Polylactic acid resins are known to be hydrolyzed by enzymes. However, until now, there has been little known about microorganisms for directly biologically decomposing polylactic acid resins and wastes thereof and techniques for decomposing them using the microorganisms. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide actinomycetes and methods for directly biologically degrading polylactic acid resins and plastics containing them.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found an actinomycete having an excellent polylactic acid-degrading activity by microbiological means, and have completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for decomposing polylactic acid resin characterized by decomposing polylactic acid with actinomycetes, and adding polylactic acid resin and actinomycetes belonging to the genus Actinomadura to a medium containing inorganic salts There is provided a method for decomposing a polylactic acid resin, characterized in that the actinomycete belonging to the genus Actinomadura is Actinomadura viridis (FERM P-16247). Provided. Furthermore, a method for decomposing the polylactic acid resin is provided, characterized in that the culture conditions are pH 4.0-10.0 and temperature 10-75 ° C.
[0007]
In addition, the polylactic acid as used in the field of this invention refers to the polymer which has lactic acid as a main component, polylactic acid homopolymers, such as poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid, a poly L / D-lactic acid copolymer, and these And a polylactic acid copolymer obtained by copolymerizing another polymer, and a blend of the above-mentioned polymer and other component polymers, wherein the weight ratio of the lactic acid component in the polymer is 10% or more.
[0008]
The present invention enables a polylactic acid resin to be decomposed under aerobic conditions by causing the actinomycetes having the ability to decompose the polylactic acid resin.
[0009]
Microorganisms having polylactic acid-degrading activity are actinomycetes. Among them, actinomycetes belonging to the genus Actinomadura are preferable, and the separation and acquisition were performed by the following method.
The present inventors adopted soil and compost from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and separated and acquired aerobic microorganisms that decompose the polylactic acid resin through the operations detailed below.
[0010]
1000 mg of polylactic acid resin was emulsified in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 below to prepare an agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar. Each sample 1g was suspended in sterile water 5 ml, diluted to 10 to 10 2 times, it was applied to a medium to prepare a 0.2 ml. The culture was performed in an incubator at 50 ° C. Among the colonies grown on the medium, those in which a transparent region was formed around the colonies were used as polylactic acid resin-degrading bacteria, and isolation was performed by picking up the colonies with platinum loops.
[0011]
[Table 1]
From the colonies grown in the medium, the colonies of the sample confirmed to have a transparent region are picked up with platinum ears and purely separated using the same medium, and polylactic acid resin-degrading bacteria (FERM P-16247) can be obtained. It was.
[0012]
Degraded strains were inoculated into NUTRIENT BROTH to form colonies, and the properties of the obtained bacterial cells were observed with a microscope. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0013]
[Table 2]
The results shown in Table 2 are referred to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th edition, and from the results of fatty acid analysis, the above strains are similar in properties to those of the genus Actinomadura, so FERM P-16247 is actinomadura viridis It was shown that.
[0014]
The strain used in the present invention is the genus Actinomadura, and it is desirable to use a microorganism group containing this strain (FERM P-16247) in order to treat the polylactic acid resin.
[0015]
This strain or the microorganism group containing this strain, if necessary, is freeze-dried powder, tablets tableted after blending the powder with various vitamins and minerals and necessary nutrients, in the basic medium described above It is provided for the treatment of polylactic acid resin in the form of a culture solution grown and cultured.
[0016]
The basic medium used in the culture in the present invention is, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or the like as a nitrogen source, and other inorganic salts such as monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, chloride. Commonly used culture sources such as sodium, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and manganese sulfate are used, and the pH is 4.0-10.0, preferably pH 5.0-8. .0. Moreover, culture | cultivation temperature is 10-75 degreeC, Preferably it is 30-70 degreeC.
[0017]
The biodegradation treatment of the polylactic acid of the present invention is carried out by adding the basic medium, the polylactic acid resin to be treated, powders, tablets, and culture medium containing the above strain and fungus group to the treatment tank. Although preferably done, the strains may be incorporated into activated sludge and compost. The input amount of the polylactic acid resin to the basic medium is preferably 0.01% by weight to 10.0% by weight. Although the amount of microorganisms to be added may be extremely small, 0.01% by weight or more is preferable with respect to the polylactic acid resin because the input amount does not affect the treatment time.
[0018]
[Example 1]
An agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar prepared by emulsifying 1000 mg of polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 was prepared, inoculated with FERM P-16247 strain, and 50 ° C. For 2 weeks. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, a transparent region was confirmed around the colony as colonies of the FERM P-16247 strain were formed on the emulsified cloudy agar plate medium.
[0019]
[Example 2]
Prepare 100 mg of the basic medium shown in Table 1 by adding 100 mg of powdered polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) as a carbon source, inoculate with FERM P-16247 strain, and process the powder at 50 ° C. The polylactic acid resin thus cultured was cultured for 4 weeks on a 180 rpm rotary shaker. The change in the recovered weight (chloroform extraction) of the polylactic acid resin accompanying the decomposition of the added powder processed polylactic acid resin was measured. As a result, as shown in Table 3, the recovered weight of the polylactic acid resin was reduced by about 25% compared to the case where the weight of the control without inoculating the strain did not change before and after the culture.
[0020]
From the above, it was clarified that the isolated strain can degrade high molecular polylactic acid resin. FIG. 1 shows the state after 2 weeks of culturing of colonies decomposing the polylactic acid resin in the agar plate medium by FERM P-16247.
[0021]
[Table 3]
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
The method for decomposing polylactic acid resin of the present invention is a method for treating polylactic acid resin waste, which is a technology that does not produce exhaust gas as in existing incineration and is extremely time-saving compared to landfill treatment. This is an extremely valuable process.
[0023]
Further, by using the treatment method of the present invention at a composting facility, it is possible to convert polylactic acid resin into useful substances such as organic acids and compost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph showing the state after 2 weeks of culture of a colony decomposing a polylactic acid resin in an agar plate medium by FERM P-16247.
Claims (4)
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