JP3692455B2 - Novel microorganism having polylactic acid resin resolution and method for decomposing polylactic acid resin - Google Patents
Novel microorganism having polylactic acid resin resolution and method for decomposing polylactic acid resin Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂分解能を有する新規微生物、および当該微生物を用いたポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
プラスチックは軽量、加工性、経済性などの優れた性質により広く使用されているが、使用後の処理には様々な問題、例えば焼却によれば地球の温暖化、埋め立てによれば埋め立て地の確保などの問題があるため、近年、土壌中の微生物により分解される生分解性プラスチックが注目されている。ポリ乳酸は、デンプン等から乳酸発酵を通して合成でき、水溶液中で加水分解する高分子であるので、生分解性プラスチックとしてその将来が期待される。また、ポリ乳酸は、価格の点からこれまで使用が制限されていたが、近年合成法の進歩により価格の低下が急速に進んでおり、その需要増大が大いに予想される。ところが、ポリ乳酸はコンポスト(堆肥)中での分解等は知られているにも関わらず、強力な分解菌は知られていない。そこで、ポリ乳酸を分解処理できる微生物を分離することが要求される。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、生分解性プラスチックとして需要増大が期待されるポリ乳酸樹脂を強力に分解することのできる能力を有する微生物、および該微生物を用いてポリ乳酸樹脂を生物学的に効率よく分解処理する方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) 属に属する菌の中に、優れたポリ乳酸樹脂分解能を有する菌株を見出し、本発明を完成させるに到った。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂分解能を有するアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) 属に属する菌株である。そして、このアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) 属に属する菌株としては、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118株、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株が挙げられる。
本発明はまた、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) 属に属する菌株の菌体または菌体培養液で、ポリ乳酸樹脂を分解処理することを特徴とする、ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理方法である。そして、この分解方法に使用する微生物として、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株が挙げられる。
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
1.目的微生物のスクリーニング
本発明者らは、埼玉県和光市及び東上線沿線、越生線沿線の土壌、河川水をサンプルとし、以下の操作を経てポリ乳酸樹脂を分解する微生物を単離した。
まず、ポリ乳酸をクロロホルムに溶かし、シャーレに流し乾燥させることによりフィルムを作成した。上記の採取サンプル各 1g を 3mlの滅菌水に懸濁したものを、下記表1に示す基本培地の固体培地にシャーレ1枚あたりコロニーが1000個程度になるように塗布した。その上に前記ポリ乳酸フィルムを密着させ、30℃で培養し、8〜16週間観察し、フィルムを貫通して生育した株を採った。これらの株をフィルム片を加えた前記基本培地10mlで静置で30℃、8週間液体培養を行い、フィルムの残存量を測定して有効株と判断されたものについてはさらに37℃、4週間液体培養を行った後、フィルム重量を測定し、減少率の大きい株を選択した。
フィルム重量減少率の高い株のうち、安定に活性を示す2株(No.3118 株、M229株)を選んだ。
【0007】
【表1】
【0008】
2.本微生物の菌学的性質およびその分類学上の位置
(1) 形態的性質、生理学的性質
ツアペック寒天培地に上記1.で選んだ2株を接種し、コロニーを形成させ、顕微鏡にて形態的特徴を観察し、生理学的性質その他を調べた。結果を表2に示す。
【0009】
【表2】
【0010】
(2) 分類上の位置
上記2株の菌学的性質について、Bergey's Mannual of Derminative Bacteriology 9版を参照して検討し、さらに16S rDNA配列相同性から判断した結果、2株共にアミコラトプシス(Amycolatopsis)属に属する菌であると同定した。尚、genus Amycolatopsis は、Bergey's Mannual of Determinative Bacteriology 9版、GROUP 22 NOCARDIOFORM ACTINOMYCETES Subgroup 2 Pseudonocardia and related generaの項に記載されている。一方、種については、16SrDNA 配列相同性および脂肪酸組成の解析結果より既知の種とは一致しなかった。例えばM-229 株の場合、16S rDNA配列相同性については、Amicolatopsis azureaに対して96.5% 、Amicolatopsis japonicum に対して96.2% 、Amicolatopsis orientalisに対して95.9% 、Amicolatopsis mediterraneiに対して95.5% の相同性であり、脂肪酸組成の結果もどの種とも一致しなかった。No.3118 株についてもAmicolatopsis mediterraneiに対して96.6% であり、Amicolatopsis mediterraneiであるためには、99.4% を越える必要があるので一致するとはいえない。よって、上記2株はアミコラトプシス(Amycolatopsis)属に属する新種菌と同定し、それぞれアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株とした。そして、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株についてはFERM P-16947、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株についてはFERM P-16946としてそれぞれ通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に寄託されている。
【0011】
3.本微生物の培養方法
本微生物の培養に使用される基本培地は、窒素源としては、例えば硫酸アンモニム、リン酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム等が使用され、その他無機塩としてリン酸二カリウム、リン酸一ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸第一鉄、モリブデン酸ナトリウム、塩化マンガン等の通常利用される培養源が使用される。培地のpHは2株ともに4〜10、好ましくは5.5 〜7.5 である。また、培養温度はNo.3118 株では10〜47℃、好ましくは33〜43℃、M-229 株では10〜45℃、好ましくは33〜40℃である。
【0012】
4.ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理方法
本発明におけるポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理には、上記のアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株、アミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株の二菌株のうち少なくとも一の菌株か、または上記の二菌株のうち少なくとも一の菌株を含んだ微生物群を用いる。
上記の菌株または菌株を含む微生物群は、その培養物から遠心分離等の集菌操作によって得られる菌体のほか、培養液を用いることができる。菌体の場合は、例えば、菌体を凍結乾燥した乾燥粉末、該乾燥粉末に各種ビタミンやミネラルなど必要な栄養群や増殖を補助する無機塩類を混合・造粒し、打錠した錠剤にしたものを、また培養液の場合は、前記の基本培地中で生育培養させた培養液をそのままポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理に供する。
【0013】
本発明でいうポリ乳酸樹脂とは、乳酸を主成分とする重合体をさし、ポリ−L−乳酸やポリ−D−乳酸のポリ乳酸ホモポリマー、ポリL/D−乳酸共重合体、およびこれらに他のポリマーを共重合させたポリ乳酸共重合体、そして上記ポリマー間、および他の成分ポリマーとのブレンド体を含み、重合体中の乳酸成分の重合比率が10% 以上のものをいう。
【0014】
本発明におけるポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理は、培養槽に先に示した基本培地、処理されるべきポリ乳酸樹脂、上記菌株または菌群を配合した粉末、錠剤、培養液を添加することによって行うことが好ましいが、上記菌株を直接活性汚泥およびコンポストに組み込むことによって行ってもよい。分解処理は、pH4〜10、温度10〜47℃で、10〜30日間行うことが例示される。ポリ乳酸樹脂を分解処理するのに用いる微生物の量は極少量でも有効であるが、処理時間に影響のないことを考慮すると、培養槽にて分解処理を行う場合、例えば基本培地に対して0.01〜10重量%を投入したポリ乳酸樹脂に対して0.003 〜0.1 重量%程度である。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
。
〔実施例1〕
前記表1の基本培地10mlに、約0.2 重量%となるようにポリ乳酸フィルムを加え、該培地中でポリ乳酸に対して0.003 重量%のアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株、またはアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. M-229 株を添加して37℃または43℃で培養し、培養後乾燥したフィルムの重量を測定してフィルム重量減少率を求めた。その結果を表3および表4に示す。菌株を植菌しないコントロールに比べ、菌株を添加したものはフィルム重量が大きく減少した。また、分解によるフィルムの変化を図1に示した。分解が進むと透明なフィルムは白色となり、表面はザラザラし、さらに分解が進むとボロボロとなり、最初の形状を保たなくなる。
【0016】
【表3】
【0017】
【表4】
【0018】
〔実施例2〕
前記表1の基本培地10mlに、約0.2 重量%となるようにポリ乳酸フィルム(分子量27万)を加え、該培地中でポリ乳酸に対して0.003 重量%のアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株を添加して37℃で25日間培養した。培養後、遠心を行って上澄液をとり、透析によって脱塩し、一部をとりゲル濾過を行った結果を図2に示す(図2、黒丸)。ゲル濾過によるピークの位置を標準品のゲル濾過の結果と比較した結果、上澄液中の分解されたポリ乳酸フィルムの分子量は3万である。次に、同じ上澄液の一部に、ポリ乳酸フィルムを上澄液に対し1重量%加えて37℃で3日間保ち、遠心後ゲル濾過を行った結果を同じく図2に示す(図2、白丸)。図2より、乳酸生成量のピーク値(分子量3万のポリ乳酸)が増加していることから、培養液中にもポリ乳酸分解酵素が生産され、菌体同様に培養上澄液(濾液)によってもポリ乳酸分解を行うことができることが示された。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ポリ乳酸樹脂を強力に分解する能力を有する新規な微生物が提供される。該微生物を用いることによって生分解性プラスチックとして需要が増大しているポリ乳酸樹脂を生物学的に効率よく分解処理することができ、既存の焼却のように廃ガス発生もなく、埋め立て処理に比べて分解が非常に速いため廃棄物処理上極めて有効である。また、コンポスト化施設で利用すれば、ポリ乳酸樹脂を有機酸等の有用物質や堆肥に転換することも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株によって分解されるポリ乳酸フィルムの形状変化を示す。
【図2】本発明のアミコラトプシス (Amycolatopsis) sp. No.3118 株の培養液によって分解されたポリ乳酸フィルムによる乳酸生成量を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel microorganism having a polylactic acid resin resolving ability and a method for decomposing a polylactic acid resin using the microorganism.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Plastics are widely used due to their excellent properties such as light weight, processability, and economic efficiency. However, after treatment, various problems such as global warming by incineration and securing landfill by landfilling. In recent years, biodegradable plastics that are degraded by microorganisms in the soil have attracted attention. Since polylactic acid is a polymer that can be synthesized from starch or the like through lactic acid fermentation and hydrolyzes in an aqueous solution, its future is expected as a biodegradable plastic. The use of polylactic acid has been limited so far due to its cost, but in recent years, the price has been rapidly decreasing due to the progress of synthetic methods, and the increase in demand is greatly expected. However, although polylactic acid is known to be decomposed in compost (compost), a strong degrading bacterium is not known. Therefore, it is required to separate microorganisms that can decompose polylactic acid.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism capable of powerfully degrading a polylactic acid resin, which is expected to increase in demand as a biodegradable plastic, and biologically efficiently decompose the polylactic acid resin using the microorganism. It is to provide a method of processing.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found a strain having excellent polylactic acid resin resolving ability among bacteria belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis , and has completed the present invention. Arrived.
[0005]
That is, the present invention is a strain belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis having polylactic acid resin resolution. Examples of strains belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis include Amycolatopsis sp. No. 3118 and Amycolatopsis sp. M-229.
The present invention also provides a polylactic acid resin decomposition treatment method, which comprises decomposing a polylactic acid resin with a bacterial cell or a cell culture solution of a strain belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis . Examples of microorganisms used in this degradation method include Amycolatopsis sp. No. 3118 strain and Amycolatopsis sp. M-229 strain.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. Screening of target microorganisms The present inventors isolated microorganisms that degrade polylactic acid resin through the following operations using samples of soil and river water along Wako City, Saitama Prefecture, along the Tojo Line and along the Koshie Line.
First, polylactic acid was dissolved in chloroform, poured into a petri dish and dried to prepare a film. A suspension of 1 g of each of the above collected samples in 3 ml of sterilized water was applied to a solid medium of the basic medium shown in Table 1 below so that about 1000 colonies per petri dish were obtained. The polylactic acid film was in close contact therewith, cultured at 30 ° C., observed for 8 to 16 weeks, and a strain grown through the film was taken. These strains were left to stand in 10 ml of the above basic medium supplemented with a film piece and subjected to liquid culture at 30 ° C. for 8 weeks, and the remaining amount of the film was measured. After performing liquid culture, the film weight was measured and a strain having a large reduction rate was selected.
Two strains (No. 3118 strain, M229 strain) that showed stable activity were selected from the strains with a high film weight reduction rate.
[0007]
[Table 1]
[0008]
2. Mycological properties of this microorganism and its taxonomic position
(1) Morphological and physiological properties Two strains selected in the above were inoculated to form colonies, morphological features were observed under a microscope, and physiological properties and others were examined. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0009]
[Table 2]
[0010]
(2) Classification position The mycological properties of the above two strains were examined with reference to the 9th edition of Bergey's Mannual of Derminative Bacteriology, and as a result of judging from the 16S rDNA sequence homology, both strains of Amycolatopsis (Amycolatopsis) ) Identified as a bacterium belonging to the genus. Genus Amycolatopsis is described in the section of Bergey's Mannual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th edition, GROUP 22 NOCARDIOFORM ACTINOMYCETES
[0011]
3. Culture method of the microorganism The basic medium used for the cultivation of the microorganism is, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or the like as the nitrogen source, and other inorganic salts such as dipotassium phosphate, monosodium phosphate. Commonly used culture sources such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, manganese chloride are used. The pH of the medium is 4 to 10, preferably 5.5 to 7.5 for both strains. The culture temperature is 10 to 47 ° C., preferably 33 to 43 ° C. for the No. 3118 strain, and 10 to 45 ° C., preferably 33 to 40 ° C. for the M-229 strain.
[0012]
4). Method for Decomposing Polylactic Acid Resin In the present invention, the polylactic acid resin is decomposed by the above-mentioned two strains of Amycolatopsis ( Amycolatopsis ) sp. No. 3118 and Amycolatopsis ( Amycolatopsis ) sp. M-229. A microorganism group containing at least one of these strains or at least one of the above two strains is used.
In addition to the bacterial cells obtained from the culture by centrifugation such as centrifugation, the culture solution can be used for the above-mentioned strain or the microorganism group containing the strain. In the case of bacterial cells, for example, dry powder obtained by freeze-drying the bacterial cells, and the dried powder is mixed and granulated with necessary nutrients such as various vitamins and minerals and inorganic salts that assist in growth, and formed into tablets. In the case of a culture solution, the culture solution grown and cultured in the basic medium is directly subjected to the polylactic acid resin decomposition treatment.
[0013]
The polylactic acid resin referred to in the present invention refers to a polymer containing lactic acid as a main component, poly-L-lactic acid, poly-lactic acid homopolymer of poly-D-lactic acid, poly-L / D-lactic acid copolymer, and These include polylactic acid copolymers obtained by copolymerizing other polymers, and blends between the above polymers and other component polymers, wherein the polymerization ratio of the lactic acid component in the polymer is 10% or more. .
[0014]
The decomposition treatment of the polylactic acid resin in the present invention is performed by adding the basic medium, the polylactic acid resin to be treated, the powder containing the strain or fungus group described above, a tablet, or a culture solution to the culture tank. However, it may be carried out by directly incorporating the above strain into activated sludge and compost. The decomposition treatment is exemplified to be performed at pH 4 to 10 and
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
.
[Example 1]
A polylactic acid film is added to 10 ml of the basic medium shown in Table 1 so as to be about 0.2% by weight, and 0.003% by weight of Amycolatopsis sp. No. 3118 strain relative to polylactic acid in the medium, or Amycolatopsis sp. M-229 strain was added and cultured at 37 ° C or 43 ° C, and the weight of the dried film after the culture was measured to determine the rate of film weight reduction. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Compared with the control without inoculating the strain, the weight of the film to which the strain was added was greatly reduced. Moreover, the change of the film by decomposition | disassembly was shown in FIG. As the decomposition progresses, the transparent film becomes white, the surface becomes rough, and when the decomposition further progresses, it becomes tattered and does not maintain the original shape.
[0016]
[Table 3]
[0017]
[Table 4]
[0018]
[Example 2]
A polylactic acid film (molecular weight: 270,000) was added to 10 ml of the basic medium shown in Table 1 so as to be about 0.2% by weight, and 0.003% by weight of Amycolatopsis ( Amycolatopsis ) sp. .3118 strain was added and cultured at 37 ° C. for 25 days. After culturing, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation, desalted by dialysis, and a portion of the solution was subjected to gel filtration (FIG. 2, black circles). As a result of comparing the position of the peak by gel filtration with the result of gel filtration of the standard product, the molecular weight of the decomposed polylactic acid film in the supernatant is 30,000. Next, a result obtained by adding 1% by weight of a polylactic acid film to a part of the same supernatant and keeping it at 37 ° C. for 3 days and performing gel filtration after centrifugation is also shown in FIG. 2 (FIG. 2). , White circle). From FIG. 2, since the peak value of lactic acid production (polylactic acid with a molecular weight of 30,000) has increased, polylactic acid-degrading enzyme is produced in the culture medium, and the culture supernatant (filtrate) is the same as the cells. It was shown that polylactic acid degradation can also be carried out.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a novel microorganism having the ability to strongly decompose polylactic acid resin is provided. Polylactic acid resin, which is increasing in demand as a biodegradable plastic by using the microorganism, can be biologically and efficiently decomposed, and no waste gas is generated like existing incineration. Therefore, the decomposition is very fast, so it is very effective for waste disposal. In addition, if used in composting facilities, it is possible to convert polylactic acid resin into useful substances such as organic acids and compost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the shape change of a polylactic acid film decomposed by Amycolatopsis sp. No. 3118 strain of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the amount of lactic acid produced by a polylactic acid film decomposed by a culture solution of Amycolatopsis sp. No. 3118 strain of the present invention.
Claims (2)
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JP23600998A JP3692455B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1998-08-21 | Novel microorganism having polylactic acid resin resolution and method for decomposing polylactic acid resin |
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JP23600998A JP3692455B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1998-08-21 | Novel microorganism having polylactic acid resin resolution and method for decomposing polylactic acid resin |
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JP2000060540A JP2000060540A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
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JP4766266B2 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2011-09-07 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Copolymerization type easily degradable polylactic acid and method for decomposing polylactic acid |
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