JP3734118B2 - Decomposition method of polylactic acid resin - Google Patents

Decomposition method of polylactic acid resin Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3734118B2
JP3734118B2 JP16023097A JP16023097A JP3734118B2 JP 3734118 B2 JP3734118 B2 JP 3734118B2 JP 16023097 A JP16023097 A JP 16023097A JP 16023097 A JP16023097 A JP 16023097A JP 3734118 B2 JP3734118 B2 JP 3734118B2
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polylactic acid
acid resin
ferm
bacillus
strain
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JPH114680A (en
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豊 常盤
直子 長井
博之 軸屋
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Toyota Motor Corp
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Toyota Motor Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/10Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
    • C08J11/105Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/04Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規な生物学的処理法によるポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近、プラスチック廃棄物の処理が問題になっている。処理法としては焼却や埋め立てが主であるが、焼却は地球温暖化の促進、埋め立ては埋め立て地の減少等の問題を抱え、生物学的分解処理法が注目されている。また、ポリ乳酸樹脂は次世代のプラスチックとして種々の用途開発が進められており、近い将来、現在使用されているプラスチック同様、廃棄物問題がクローズアップされることが十分に予想される。
【0003】
ポリ乳酸樹脂は水系の中で加水分解する高分子であり、現在医療や医薬用材料として応用されているが、澱粉等の再生可能な資源から乳酸醗酵を通して合成できることから、環境分解が困難である汎用プラスチックに代わる生分解性プラスチックの素材として注目されている。ポリ乳酸樹脂は、その構成モノマーの種類によりポリL−乳酸、ポリD−乳酸、ポリDL−乳酸あるいは、他の高分子との共重合体が存在している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ポリ乳酸樹脂は酵素によって加水分解が促進されると知られている。しかしながら、これまでポリ乳酸樹脂およびその廃棄物を直接生物学的に分解処理するための微生物およびその微生物による分解法技術は、ほとんど知られておらず、本件発明者による放線菌Amycolatopsis mediterranei(FERM P−14921)およびこの菌を用いた分解などに限られていた。
【0005】
そこで、本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂およびそれらを含むプラスチックを、直接生物学的に分解処理する方法を提供する事を目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、微生物学的手段により優れたポリ乳酸分解活性を有するバクテリアを見出し、本研究を完成するに至った。
【0007】
即ち、本発明によれば、ポリ乳酸樹脂を Bacillus 属に属する菌で分解する事を特徴とするポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供され、また無機塩類を含む培地にポリ乳酸樹脂とBacillus属に属するを添加し分解する事を特徴とするポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供され、特に前記Bacillus属に属する菌が Bacillus subtilis Bacillus circulans Bacillus stearothermophilusである事を特徴とする前記ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供される。更に、培養条件がpH4.0〜10.0、温度10〜75℃である事を特徴とする前記ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法が提供される。
【0008】
なお、本発明でいうポリ乳酸とは、乳酸を主要成分とする重合体を指し、ポリL−乳酸やポリD−乳酸等のポリ乳酸ホモポリマー、ポリL/D−乳酸共重合体、およびこれらに他のポリマーを共重合させたポリ乳酸共重合体、そして上記ポリマー間、および他の成分ポリマーとのブレンド体を含み、重合体中の乳酸成分の重量比率が10%以上のものを言う。
【0009】
本発明は、ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解を、その分解能を有するバクテリアに行わせる事で、好気条件下でのポリ乳酸樹脂の分解処理を可能にするものである。
【0010】
ポリ乳酸分解活性を有する微生物はバクテリアである。その中で特にBacillus属に属するが好ましく、その分離獲得は以下に示す方法により行った。
本発明者らは、茨城県つくば市の土壌およびコンポストを採用し、以下に詳述する操作を経て、ポリ乳酸樹脂を分解する好気性微生物を分離獲得した。
【0011】
以下の表1に示す基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂を乳化させ、1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を調製した。各サンプル1g を5mlの滅菌水に懸濁させ、10〜102 に希釈した後、0.2mlを調製した培地に塗布した。培養は、50℃の孵卵機中で行った。培地上に生育したコロニーの中で、コロニーの周囲に透明領域を形成したものを、ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解菌とし、白金耳でコロニーを釣り上げる事により単離操作を行った。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003734118
培地中生育したコロニーの中から、周囲に透明領域を確認したサンプルのコロニーを白金耳で釣り上げ、同様な培地を用い純粋分離し、ポリ乳酸樹脂分解菌(FERM P−16181、FERM P−16182、FERM P−16183)を得る事が出来た。
【0013】
分解菌株を、NUTRIENT BROTHに接種しコロニーを形成させ、得られた菌体の性状について顕微鏡で観察した。結果は以下の表2、表3及び表4に示す。
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0003734118
【表3】
Figure 0003734118
【表4】
Figure 0003734118
表2、表3及び表4に示す結果等を Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9版等に参照したところ、上記の菌株はBacillus 属の菌と性状が類似している事から、FERM P−16181は Bacillus subtilis 、FERM P−16182は Bacillus circulans、FERM P−16183は Bacillus stearothermophilus である事が示された。
【0015】
本発明で使用される菌株は Bacillus 属とし、ポリ乳酸樹脂を処理するために本菌株群(FERM P−16181、FERM P−16182およびFERM P−16183)を含んだ微生物群を用いる事が望ましい。
【0016】
本菌株または、本菌株を含む微生物群は必要に応じて、凍結乾燥した粉末、その粉末と各種ビタミンやミネラルと必要な栄養源を配合した後に打錠した錠剤、先に記した基本培地中で生育培養させた培養液等の形で、ポリ乳酸樹脂の処理に提供される。
【0017】
本研究における培養に於いて使用される基本培地は、窒素源として例えば、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム等が使用され、その他無機塩としてリン酸一カリウム、リン酸二カリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸第一鉄、モリブテン酸ナトリウム、タングステン酸ナトリウムおよび硫酸マンガン等の、通常利用される培養源が使用され、そのpHは4.0〜10.0であり、好ましくはpH5.0〜8.0である。また、培養温度は10〜75℃であり、好ましくは30〜70℃である。
【0018】
本発明のポリ乳酸の生物学的分解処理は、培養槽に先に示した基本培地、処理されるべきポリ乳酸樹脂、上記菌株および菌群を配合した粉末、錠剤、培養液を添加する事で行われる事が望ましいが、上記菌株を活性汚泥およびコンポストに組み込んでも良い。なお、基本培地に対するポリ乳酸樹脂の投入量は、0.01重量%〜10.0重量%が望ましい。添加する微生物量は極少量であっても構わないが、投入量が処理時間に影響を及ぼさないためにポリ乳酸樹脂に対して、0.01重量%以上が好ましい。
【0019】
【実施例】
(実験例1)
表1の基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 ×105 )を乳化させた1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を用意し、FERM P−16181菌株を接種し、50℃で2週間培養した。その結果は図1に示したように、乳化白濁した寒天平板培地上での、FERM P−16181菌株のコロニー形成に伴い、コロニー周囲に透明領域が確認された。
【0020】
(実験例2)
表1の基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 ×105 )を乳化させた1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を用意し、FERM P−16182菌株を接種し、50℃で2週間培養した。その結果は図2に示したように、乳化白濁した寒天平板培地上での、FERM P−16182菌株のコロニー形成に伴い、コロニー周囲に透明領域が確認された。
【0021】
(実験例3)
表1の基本培地1Lに1000mgのポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 ×105 )を乳化させた1.5%の寒天を含む寒天平板培地を用意し、FERM P−16183菌株を接種し、50℃で2週間培養した。その結果は図3に示したように、乳化白濁した寒天平板培地上での、FERM P−16183菌株のコロニー形成に伴い、コロニー周囲に透明領域が確認された。
【0022】
(実験例4)
表1の基本培地100mlに対し、粉末加工したポリ乳酸樹脂(Mw : 1.89 × 105 )を炭素源として100mg添加したものを用意し、FERM P−16183菌株を接種し、50℃で、粉末加工したポリ乳酸樹脂を4週間、180rpm回転型振とう機で培養した。添加した粉末加工ポリ乳酸樹脂の分解に伴う、ポリ乳酸樹脂の回収重量(クロロホルム抽出)の変化を測定した。その結果は表5に示したように、菌株を植菌しないコントロールが培養前後で重量が変化しなかったのに比べ、ポリ乳酸樹脂の回収重量が約7%減少した。
【0023】
【表5】
Figure 0003734118
以上の事から、分離菌株は高分子のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解出来る事が明らかとなった。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明のポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法は、ポリ乳酸樹脂廃棄物の処理方法であり、これまで既存の焼却のように排ガスも生じず、埋立処理に比べて極めて省時間な技術であり、廃棄物処理上で極めて価値の高い方法である。
【0025】
また、コンポスト化施設で本発明の処理方法を用いる事により、ポリ乳酸樹脂を有機酸等の有用物質や堆肥に転換する事も可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】FERM P−16181による寒天平板培地中のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解しているコロニーの培養2週間後の状態を示す顕微鏡写真。
【図2】FERM P−16182による寒天平板培地中のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解しているコロニーの培養2週間後の状態を示す顕微鏡写真。
【図3】FERM P−16183による寒天平板培地中のポリ乳酸樹脂を分解しているコロニーの培養2週間後の状態を示す顕微鏡写真。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a decomposition how the polylactic acid resin according to the novel biological treatment method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, disposal of plastic waste has become a problem. Incineration and landfill are the main treatment methods, but incineration has problems such as promotion of global warming, landfill has a problem of landfill reduction, and biological decomposition treatment methods are attracting attention. In addition, polylactic acid resin is being developed for various applications as a next-generation plastic, and it is expected that the waste problem will be highlighted in the near future, as is the case with plastics currently used.
[0003]
Polylactic acid resin is a polymer that hydrolyzes in an aqueous system, and is currently applied as a medical and pharmaceutical material. However, it can be synthesized through lactic acid fermentation from renewable resources such as starch, making environmental degradation difficult. It is attracting attention as a biodegradable plastic material that can replace general-purpose plastic. The polylactic acid resin includes poly L-lactic acid, poly D-lactic acid, poly DL-lactic acid, or a copolymer with another polymer depending on the type of constituent monomer.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Polylactic acid resins are known to be hydrolyzed by enzymes. However, so far, microorganisms for directly biologically decomposing polylactic acid resins and wastes thereof and degradation methods using the microorganisms are hardly known, and the actinomycete Amycolatopsis mediterranei (FERM P -14921) and degradation using this bacterium.
[0005]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a plastic containing a polylactic acid resin and their aims to provide a direct biologically decomposed to that way.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found a bacterium having an excellent polylactic acid-degrading activity by microbiological means, and have completed this study.
[0007]
That is, according to the present invention, the decomposition process of the polylactic acid resin, characterized in that decomposes at bacterium belonging to polylactic acid resin to the genus Bacillus are provided, also belong to the polylactic acid resin and the genus Bacillus in a medium containing inorganic salts A method for decomposing a polylactic acid resin characterized by adding and decomposing bacteria is provided, and in particular, the polylactic acid resin decomposing characterized in that the bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus circulans , Bacillus stearothermophilus A method is provided. Furthermore, a method for decomposing the polylactic acid resin is provided, characterized in that the culture conditions are pH 4.0-10.0 and temperature 10-75 ° C.
[0008]
In addition, the polylactic acid as used in the field of this invention refers to the polymer which has lactic acid as a main component, polylactic acid homopolymers, such as poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid, a poly L / D-lactic acid copolymer, and these And a polylactic acid copolymer obtained by copolymerizing another polymer, and a blend of the above-mentioned polymer and other component polymers, wherein the weight ratio of the lactic acid component in the polymer is 10% or more.
[0009]
The present invention enables a polylactic acid resin to be decomposed under aerobic conditions by allowing bacteria having the ability to decompose the polylactic acid resin.
[0010]
Microorganisms having polylactic acid-degrading activity are bacteria. Among them, bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are particularly preferable, and the separation and acquisition thereof were performed by the following method.
The present inventors adopted soil and compost from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and separated and acquired aerobic microorganisms that decompose the polylactic acid resin through the operations detailed below.
[0011]
1000 mg of polylactic acid resin was emulsified in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 below to prepare an agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar. Each sample 1g was suspended in sterile water 5 ml, diluted to 10 to 10 2, was applied to a medium to prepare a 0.2 ml. The culture was performed in an incubator at 50 ° C. Among colonies grown on the medium, those in which a transparent region was formed around the colonies were used as polylactic acid resin degrading bacteria, and isolation was performed by picking up the colonies with platinum loops.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003734118
From the colonies grown in the medium, the colonies of the samples in which a transparent region was confirmed were picked up with a platinum loop, and purely isolated using a similar medium, and polylactic acid resin degrading bacteria (FERM P-16181, FERM P-16182, FERM P-16183) was obtained.
[0013]
Degraded strains were inoculated into NUTRIENT BROTH to form colonies, and the properties of the obtained bacterial cells were observed with a microscope. The results are shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 below.
[0014]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003734118
[Table 3]
Figure 0003734118
[Table 4]
Figure 0003734118
When the results shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 were referred to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th edition, etc., the above strains are similar in nature to those of the genus Bacillus, so FERM P-16181 is Bacillus. It was shown that subtilis, FERM P-16182 is Bacillus circulans, and FERM P-16183 is Bacillus stearothermophilus.
[0015]
The strain used in the present invention is Bacillus genus, and it is desirable to use a group of microorganisms containing this strain group (FERM P-16181, FERM P-16182 and FERM P-16183) in order to treat the polylactic acid resin.
[0016]
If necessary, this strain or the microorganism group containing this strain is freeze-dried powder, tablets that are tableted after blending the powder with various vitamins and minerals and the necessary nutrients, and the basic medium described above. It is provided for the treatment of polylactic acid resin in the form of a culture solution grown and cultured.
[0017]
The basic medium used in the culture in this study is, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or the like as a nitrogen source, and other inorganic salts such as monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, chloride. Commonly used culture sources such as sodium, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and manganese sulfate are used, and the pH is 4.0-10.0, preferably pH 5.0-8. .0. Moreover, culture | cultivation temperature is 10-75 degreeC, Preferably it is 30-70 degreeC.
[0018]
The biodegradation treatment of the polylactic acid of the present invention is carried out by adding the basic medium, the polylactic acid resin to be treated, powders, tablets, and culture medium containing the above strain and fungus group to the treatment tank. Although preferably done, the strains may be incorporated into activated sludge and compost. In addition, the input amount of the polylactic acid resin with respect to the basic medium is desirably 0.01% by weight to 10.0% by weight. Although the amount of microorganisms to be added may be extremely small, 0.01% by weight or more is preferable with respect to the polylactic acid resin because the input amount does not affect the treatment time.
[0019]
【Example】
(Experimental example 1)
An agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar prepared by emulsifying 1000 mg of polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 was prepared and inoculated with FERM P-16181 strain at 50 ° C. For 2 weeks. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, a transparent region was confirmed around the colony with the formation of the colony of the FERM P-16181 strain on the emulsified white agar plate medium.
[0020]
(Experimental example 2)
An agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar prepared by emulsifying 1000 mg of polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 was prepared, inoculated with FERM P-16182 strain, and 50 ° C. For 2 weeks. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, a transparent region was confirmed around the colony along with colonization of the FERM P-16182 strain on the emulsified white agar plate medium.
[0021]
(Experimental example 3)
An agar plate medium containing 1.5% agar prepared by emulsifying 1000 mg of polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) in 1 L of the basic medium shown in Table 1 was prepared and inoculated with FERM P-16183 strain at 50 ° C. For 2 weeks. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, a transparent region was confirmed around the colony along with the colonization of the FERM P-16183 strain on the emulsified white agar plate medium.
[0022]
(Experimental example 4)
Prepare 100 mg of the basic medium shown in Table 1 by adding 100 mg of powdered polylactic acid resin (Mw: 1.89 × 10 5 ) as a carbon source, inoculate with FERM P-16183 strain, and process the powder at 50 ° C. The polylactic acid resin thus cultured was cultured for 4 weeks on a 180 rpm rotary shaker. The change in the recovered weight (chloroform extraction) of the polylactic acid resin accompanying the decomposition of the added powder processed polylactic acid resin was measured. As shown in Table 5, the recovered weight of the polylactic acid resin was reduced by about 7% as compared with the case where the weight of the control without inoculating the strain did not change before and after the culture.
[0023]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003734118
From the above, it was clarified that the isolated strain can degrade high molecular polylactic acid resin.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
The method for decomposing polylactic acid resin of the present invention is a method for treating polylactic acid resin waste, which is a technology that does not produce exhaust gas as in existing incineration and is extremely time-saving compared to landfill treatment. This is an extremely valuable process.
[0025]
Further, by using the treatment method of the present invention at a composting facility, it is possible to convert polylactic acid resin into useful substances such as organic acids and compost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph showing the state after 2 weeks of culturing of a colony decomposing a polylactic acid resin in an agar plate medium by FERM P-16181.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph showing the state after 2 weeks of culturing of a colony decomposing a polylactic acid resin in an agar plate medium by FERM P-16182.
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph showing the state after 2 weeks of culturing of a colony decomposing a polylactic acid resin in an agar plate medium by FERM P-16183.

Claims (3)

ポリ乳酸樹脂をBacillus属に属する菌で分解する事を特徴とするポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法。  A method for decomposing a polylactic acid resin, comprising decomposing the polylactic acid resin with a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. 請求項Bacillus 属に属する菌がBacillus subtilis、Bacillus circulans、Bacillus stearothermophilusである請求項記載のポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法。 Bacteria Bacillus subtilis belonging to the genus Bacillus according to claim 1, Bacillus circulans, decomposition method of polylactic resin according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus stearothermophilus. 請求項Bacillus 属に属する菌が耐熱性のBacillus属に属する菌である請求項記載のポリ乳酸樹脂の分解方法。Decomposition method of claim 1, wherein the polylactic acid resin bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus according to claim 1 is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus heat resistance.
JP16023097A 1997-06-17 1997-06-17 Decomposition method of polylactic acid resin Expired - Lifetime JP3734118B2 (en)

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