JP3891342B2 - Manufacturing method of substrate for electrophotographic photosensitive member - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member mounted on the image forming apparatus.ForThe present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a substrate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, an electrophotographic photoreceptor (photoreceptor drum) includes a drum body in which a photosensitive layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a hollow cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate, and flanges attached to both ends of the substrate. In recent years, the demand for higher accuracy of the substrate has been further increased by the promotion of higher resolution, color, and miniaturization of electrophotographic apparatuses.
More specifically, in the case of laser scanning using a polygon mirror such as a laser beam printer, a laser beam is incident obliquely toward the end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate when forming an electrostatic latent image. . At that time, a deviation in the main scanning direction in which the arrival position of the laser beam is shifted in the axial direction may occur due to some factor.
[0003]
In particular, in the case of a color copying machine or printer called a tandem type that uses a plurality of photosensitive drums arranged in parallel, if such a shift exists, it becomes manifest as a positional shift and a color shift. In addition, in the case of using a light emitting diode as an exposure apparatus, since the focal length is short, image blurring due to shaking is likely to occur, which is an important problem.
As a factor causing the deviation, it has been considered that there is a problem that the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member has in addition to a problem in the apparatus.
On the other hand, the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate is formed by the EI method including ironing as disclosed in JP-A-8-123059, JP-A-8-166675, and JP-A-9-319126. There is a case.
In the ironing process, a plurality of dies are arranged on the same axis, and a single punch mounted with a workpiece is moved on the same axis as the die.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, in such a conventional manufacturing method, a long stroke along the axial direction is required for both the punch and the die, for example, because the workpiece is separated from the first die and then brought into contact with the next die. There was also an eye field to maintain the coaxiality of the punch and the die.
  For this reason, there is a disadvantage in increasing the ironing accuracy, and there is a disadvantage in obtaining a highly accurate photosensitive drum.
  Further, there is a disadvantage in shortening the cycle time, and there is a disadvantage in reducing the cost of the photosensitive drum.
  The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a base for an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of obtaining a highly accurate base for an electrophotographic photosensitive member while reducing costs. To provideThe
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  To achieve the above object, the present inventionIs a circleA cylindrical aluminum alloy workpiece is mounted on a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is moved relatively along the axial direction of the punch to perform an EI method including a plurality of stages of ironing, and electrophotographic photosensitive In a method for manufacturing a body substrate, a plurality of punches and dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps are prepared, and the plurality of dies are separated from each other in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the central axis of the dies. Are arranged in the order of the ironing process, the workpiece is mounted on the punch, and the punch is moved to each processing position according to the order of the punching, and the ironing process is performed by the punch and the die at each processing position. It is characterized by that.
  The present invention also includes an EI method including a plurality of stages of ironing by mounting a cylindrical aluminum alloy workpiece on a punch and relatively moving at least one of the punch and the die along the axial direction of the punch. In the method of manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by preparing a plurality of punches corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages, preparing a plurality of dies separated from each other corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages, Punches on which workpieces are mounted are arranged at each processing location corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps, and each die is moved to each processing location according to the order of the steps. At each processing location, a plurality of steps are performed by the punch and the die. It is characterized by carrying out the ironing process.
[0007]
  According to the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a highly accurate substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor that is advantageous for obtaining a clear image can be easily and reliably obtained.The
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Although the present invention includes ironing, a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor is produced by the EI method.
In the EI method, first, a hot extruded tube made of an aluminum alloy is cut into a predetermined length by cutting.
Next, defects such as oxide film and handling scratches formed on the surface of the extruded tube in the extrusion process of the extruded tube are removed by surface cutting.
Next, a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is manufactured through squeezing, ironing, washing, and both-end processing.
[0009]
FIGS. 1 to 5 are explanatory views of an embodiment of a method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention including the above-described squeezing, ironing, and lubricant scraping, and FIG. 6 illustrates these steps. The top view of the place performed is shown.
In the present embodiment, the squeezing process is performed first, then the ironing process is performed in three stages, and finally the scraping is performed. A die 16 for ironing (first die 16A, second die 16B, third die 16C) and a scraper 18 for scraping are used, and four punches 20 having the same shape and size are used.
Reference numerals 12A to 12F denote workpieces, respectively.
The workpiece 12A is a cylindrical aluminum alloy extruded tube obtained through the cutting process and the surface cutting process described above.
The workpiece 12A is subjected to squeezing and becomes a workpiece 12B.
Further, the workpiece 12B is subjected to the first stage ironing process by the first die 16A to become the workpiece 12C, the workpiece 12C is subjected to the second stage ironing process by the second die 16B to become the workpiece 12D, and the workpiece 12D is the first workpiece. A third stage ironing process is performed by the three dies 16C to form a workpiece 12E.
Further, the workpiece 12E is scraped by the scraper 18 to become a workpiece 12F.
[0010]
The squeezing part A where the squeezing process is performed, the first, second and third squeezing parts B, C and D where the three-stage ironing process is performed, and the scrape part E where the scraping is performed are respectively They are arranged in this order at locations separated in a plane, and a temporary placement location F is provided between these locations. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, these portions A to F are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the same circumference. More specifically, for example, first, second, and third ironing locations B, C, D, a scrape location E, and a temporary placement location F are provided on a disc 22 having a notch. A lift plate 24 that can be moved up and down is provided in the notch, and a ironing location A is provided on the lift plate 24.
Since the punch 20 is erected at these locations, the die 14 for squeezing, the first die 16A, the second die 16B, the third die 16C, and the scraper 18 for ironing are used for the punch 20 or the die. The punches 20 mounted with workpieces are moved to these locations by circular motions at positions separated in a direction perpendicular to the 16 axial directions (center axis directions).
[0011]
Next, a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate will be described with reference to FIGS.
First stage (state of FIG. 1)
In the squeezing part A, the squeezing die 14 is located at an upper limit position away from the workpiece 12A.
The elevating plate 24 is located at the upper limit position, and the punch 20 is fitted and erected in the engaging recess 26 of the elevating plate 24. A bifurcated stopper 29 is engaged with the upper portion of the punch 20, and the workpiece 12 </ b> A is placed on the upper portion of the punch 20, and the vertical position of the workpiece 12 with respect to the punch 20 is regulated by the stopper 29.
At the first ironing location B, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12B is mounted is erected while being held by the chuck 28. The first die 16A is located at an upper limit position away from the workpiece 12B.
In the second ironing portion C, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12C is mounted is erected while being held by the chuck 28. The second die 16B is located at an upper limit position away from the workpiece 12C.
In the third ironing position D, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12D is mounted is held upright by the chuck 28. The third die 16C is located at an upper limit position away from the workpiece 12D.
At the scrape point E, the rod 30 is inserted into the workpiece 12E, and the workpiece 12E is erected by the rod 30. The scraper 18 is located at an upper limit position away from the workpiece 12E.
[0012]
Second stage (state of FIG. 2)
In the squeezing part A, the squeezing die 14 is lowered and the squeezing process is performed, so that the work 12A becomes a work 12B. After the squeezing process, the squeezing die 14 returns to the upper limit position, and the stopper 29 is separated to the side of the punch 20.
At the first ironing location B, the first die 16A descends while supplying lubricating oil to the workpiece 12B, and the first stage ironing is performed by the punch 20 and the first die 16A. By this ironing process, the workpiece 12B has a small outer diameter (thickness) and a large length, thereby forming the workpiece 12C. The first die 16 </ b> A is separated below the workpiece 12 </ b> C and becomes a lower limit position located on the chuck 28.
In the second ironing portion C, the second die 16B descends while supplying lubricating oil to the workpiece 12C, and the second stage ironing is performed by the punch 20 and the second die 16B. By this ironing process, the workpiece 12C has a small outer diameter (thickness) and a large length, thereby forming the workpiece 12D. The second die 16B is separated below the workpiece 12D and becomes a lower limit position located on the chuck 28.
In the third ironing portion D, the third die 16C is lowered while supplying lubricating oil to the workpiece 12D, and the third step (final step) ironing is performed by the punch 20 and the third die 16C. By this ironing, the workpiece 12D has a small outer diameter (thickness) and a large length, thereby forming the workpiece 12E. The third die 16C is separated below the workpiece 12E and becomes a lower limit position located on the chuck 28.
In the scrape location E, the scraper 18 is lowered to scrape off the lubricating oil on the workpiece 12E, and the workpiece 12E becomes the workpiece 12F. The scraper 18 is separated below the workpiece 12F and becomes a lower limit position located on the disk 22.
[0013]
Third stage (state of FIG. 3)
In the squeezing part A, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12B is mounted is removed from the lifting plate 24.
At the first ironing location B, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 with the workpiece 12C mounted thereon is removed from the first die 16A and the chuck 28.
At the second ironing position C, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12D is mounted is removed from the second die 16B and the chuck 28.
At the third ironing location D, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 with the workpiece 12E mounted thereon is removed from the third die 16C and the chuck 28.
At the scrape point E, the workpiece 12F is removed from the rod 30, and the workpiece 12F is conveyed to the next step (for example, a step of cutting out the squeezed portion, a step of forming a photosensitive layer, etc.).
[0014]
Fourth stage (state of FIG. 4)
At the squeezing processing location A, the elevating plate 24 is lowered to the lower limit position, and the punch 20 in a state where no workpiece is mounted is fitted into the engaging recess 26 of the elevating plate 24 and is erected.
The punch 20 on which the workpiece 12B is mounted is erected in the engaging recess 32 of the disc 22 which is a temporary placement location F between the squeezing location A and the first ironing location B.
The punch 20 on which the workpiece 12C is mounted is erected in the engaging recess 32 of the disc 22 which is a temporary placement location F between the first ironing location B and the second ironing location C.
In the 1st ironing location B, the 1st die | dye 16A raises and is located in an upper limit position.
The punch 20 on which the workpiece 12D is mounted is erected in the engaging recess 32 of the disk 22 which is a temporary placement location F between the second ironing location C and the third ironing location D.
In the second ironing portion C, the second die 16B is raised and positioned at the upper limit position.
The punch 20 on which the workpiece 12E is mounted is placed at a temporary placement location F between the third ironing location D and the scrape location E. An annular ring 34 that receives the lower end of the workpiece 12E is fixed on the disk 22 at the temporary placement location F, and a hole 36 is formed through the disk 22 coaxially with the ring 34. Then, with the lower end of the workpiece 12E placed on the annular ring 34, the lower end of the punch 20 is inserted into the ring 34 and the hole 36, and the punch 20 is pulled below the disc 22 as indicated by an imaginary line. Stripping is performed to remove the punch 20 from the workpiece 12E. The removed punch 20 is transferred to the squeezing position A and, as described above, is fitted into the engaging recess 26 of the elevating plate 24 located at the lower limit position and is erected.
In the 3rd ironing location D, the 3rd die 16C raises and is located in an upper limit position.
[0015]
5th stage (state of FIG. 5)
At the squeezing position A, the elevating plate 24 on which the punch 20 is erected rises to the upper limit position, and the bifurcated stopper 29 approaches the punch 20 and is engaged with the upper portion of the punch 20. And the workpiece | work 12A is covered on the upper part of the punch 20, and the lip-drawing process location A will be in the state of FIG.
At the temporary placement location F between the squeezing location A and the first ironing location B, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12B is mounted is removed from the engagement recess 32. The punch 20 is erected at the first ironing portion B, and the first ironing portion B is in the state shown in FIG.
At the temporary placement location F between the first ironing location B and the second ironing location C, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12C is mounted is removed from the engaging recess 32. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the second ironing portion C, and the second ironing portion C is in the state shown in FIG.
At the temporary placement location F between the second ironing location C and the third ironing location D, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12D is mounted is removed from the engagement recess 32. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the third ironing portion D, and the third ironing portion D is in the state shown in FIG.
The workpiece 12E is lifted from the ring 34 at the temporary placement location F between the third ironing location D and the scrape location E. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the scrape point E, and the scrape point E is in the state shown in FIG.
[0016]
According to the present embodiment, the ironing process is divided into a plurality of stages, and the punch 20 is left in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the punch 20 while the workpiece is mounted. The ironing process was performed individually by separate dies 16A, 16B, and 16C separated from each other in the order of steps.
Therefore, the relative stroke between the punch 20 and the die 16 can be reduced to a minimum necessary value in the ironing process at each stage.
Thereby, it becomes possible to make the coaxiality of the punch 20 and the die 16 extremely high in a plurality of ironing locations B, C, and D. Specifically, the misalignment between the punch 20 and the die 16 is 20 μm. Ironing can be carried out within the range, which is advantageous in obtaining a highly accurate photosensitive drum. Specifically, a workpiece 12F having a cylindricity of 20 μm or less is obtained, and thereby, a photosensitivity having a cylindricity of 20 μm or less is obtained. A body drum can be obtained.
Further, since the relative stroke between the punch 20 and the die 16 can be set to a minimum necessary small value, it is advantageous for shortening the cycle time and advantageous for reducing the cost of the photosensitive drum. .
[0017]
In addition, since the temporary placement location F is provided between the ironing locations B, C, and D where the ironing is performed at each stage, and the punch 20 is temporarily placed with the workpiece mounted, the punch 20 When temporarily placed, multiple stages of drawing can be performed more smoothly and quickly, such as the die 16 can be quickly and reliably returned to its original position without interfering with the workpiece at each of the ironing locations B, C, and D. It is advantageous in carrying out.
Further, since the ironing process divided into a plurality of stages is performed at the different ironing positions B, C, D, separate drive sources (for example, hydraulic cylinders) for raising and lowering the dies 16A, 16B, 16C are provided. Therefore, the ironing conditions can be controlled separately, for example, the machining speed of the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C can be individually set in correspondence with the workpieces 12B, 12C, and 12D. This is advantageous in obtaining a highly accurate photosensitive drum. Of course, it is possible to raise and lower the three dies 16A, 16B, and 16C by a single driving source for raising and lowering (for example, a hydraulic cylinder). In this case, the cost of the ironing apparatus is reduced. Is advantageous.
[0018]
In this embodiment, the case where the punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted is fixed and the die 16 is moved along the central axis of the punch 20 during the ironing process has been described. However, the die 16 is fixed and the punch is moved. The ironing process may be performed by moving 20, or the ironing process may be performed by moving both the punch 20 and the die 16 in a direction in which they are spaced apart from each other.
Further, in the present embodiment, when performing the ironing process in a plurality of stages, the punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted is moved to each processing location, but the punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted is always positioned at the same position, Ironing may be performed by sequentially moving 16A to 16C. In this case, the mouthpiece die 14 and the scraper 18 may be moved together with the dies 16A to 16C.
In the present embodiment, the case where the ironing process is divided into three stages has been described. However, the number of stages of ironing process may be two or four or more.
In the present embodiment, the case where the punch 20 is erected above the disc 22 while the workpiece is mounted is described. However, the punch 20 is positioned below the disc 22 while the workpiece is mounted. In this case, the top and bottom of FIG.
In the present embodiment, when removing the punch 20 and the die 16 with the workpiece mounted after each stage of ironing, at least one of the punch 20 or the die 16 with the workpiece mounted is removed from the die 16. Although it was made to move in the direction of leaving | separating, it is good also considering this moving direction as a reverse direction. That is, at least one of the punch 20 or the die 16 on which the workpiece is mounted may be moved in a direction in which the workpiece is rubbed against the die 16 again, and the punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted may be removed from the die 16.
In the present embodiment, the punch 20 and the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C to which the work is mounted are removed after each stage of ironing, and the punch 20 and the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C are used for ironing in order. Although the processing is performed individually, all the dies 16A, 16B, and the punch 20 to which the workpiece is mounted without detaching the punch 20 and the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C each time after the ironing processing are removed. The ironing process may be performed individually by 16C. In this case, for example, all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C are stacked on the chuck 28 below the punch 20 after ironing at all stages. In this case, in the state where the workpiece is separated from the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C after the ironing process in all stages, at least one of the punch 20 to which the workpiece is mounted or all of the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C is attached to the workpiece. May be moved away from all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C, and the punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted may be removed from all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C. Alternatively, after all the stages of ironing, the workpiece is separated from the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C, and at least one of the punch 20 or all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C to which the workpiece is mounted is replaced with all the dies again. The punch 20 on which the workpiece is mounted by moving in a direction rubbing against 16A, 16B, and 16C may be removed from all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 7, both ends of the workpiece 12F removed from the scraped portion E as described above are cut off and chamfered to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate 40. This electrophotographic photoreceptor is shown in FIG. The drum main body 42 is obtained from the substrate 40 for the electrophotographic process, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is obtained from the drum main body 42.
The drum body 42 includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member base 40 and a photosensitive layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member base 40.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 includes a drum main body 42 and first and second flange members 46 and 48 that are concentrically attached to both ends of the drum main body 42.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is disposed in the image forming apparatus by the first and second flange members 46 and 48 being rotatably supported on the frame side of the image forming apparatus, and the first and second flange members. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is rotationally driven by a drive gear meshed with the 46 tooth portion 4602.
[0020]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate 40 produced as described above, a photosensitive layer may be formed on the substrate 40 as it is, but a photosensitive layer is formed after a blocking layer is formed to prevent image defects. It is preferable to do. Here, the blocking layer refers to an anodized film, an undercoat layer, and the like.
The anodized film is formed by subjecting the substrate surface to an anodizing treatment. Prior to the anodizing treatment, it is preferable to perform a degreasing treatment by various degreasing cleaning methods such as acid, alkali, organic solvent, surfactant, emulsion, electrolysis and the like. An anodized film is formed by an anodizing treatment in an ordinary method, for example, an acidic bath such as chromic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid, etc. Give good results. In the case of anodizing treatment in sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid concentration is 100 to 300 g / l, the dissolved aluminum concentration is 2 to 15 g / l, the liquid temperature is 0 to 30 ° C., the electrolysis voltage is 10 to 20 V, and the current density is 0.5. Although it is preferable to set within the range of ˜2 A / dm 2, the present invention is not limited to this. The film thickness of the anodic oxide film thus formed is usually 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, and more preferably 4 to 8 μm.
[0021]
The anodized substrate can be sealed or dyed. The sealing treatment is a step of sealing by growing hydrated aluminum oxide or the like in the porous layer. The sealing treatment method may be a normal method, but is preferably performed by dipping in a liquid containing nickel ions (for example, a liquid containing nickel acetate or a liquid containing nickel fluoride). In the case of dyeing, the base is immersed in an organic or inorganic compound salt solution to adsorb those salts. Specifically, it is carried out under conditions such as azo-based water-soluble organic dyes 1 to 10 g / l, liquid temperature 20 to 60 ° C., pH 3 to 9, and immersion time 1 to 20 minutes.
[0022]
As the undercoat layer, organic layers such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide, and polyamide can be used. Of these, a polyamide resin having excellent adhesion to the substrate 40 and having low solubility in the solvent used for the charge generation layer coating solution is preferable. In the undercoat layer, it is effective to contain fine metal oxide particles such as alumina and titania and organic or inorganic pigments. The ratio of the metal oxide particles and the like to the binder resin can be arbitrarily selected, but is 0.5 to 6 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the resin for the undercoat layer from the standpoint of liquid stability and characteristics. A range is preferred. The thickness of the undercoat layer is usually 0.1 to 10 μm, preferably 0.2 to 5 μm. In the present invention, an undercoat layer can be formed on the anodic oxide film.
[0023]
A photosensitive layer is formed on the substrate 40. As the photosensitive layer, a layer in which a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order, a layer in which layers are reversed, or a so-called single layer type in which charge generation material particles are dispersed in a charge transport medium are used. However, a laminated photosensitive layer having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer is preferred. When the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure, a known material in which a photosensitive material is dispersed in a binder material is used. Examples thereof include a dye-sensitized ZnO photosensitive layer, a CdS photosensitive layer, and a photosensitive layer in which a charge generation material is dispersed in a layer made of a charge transport material and a binder resin.
[0024]
The charge generation layer includes a charge generation material and a binder resin. The charge generation material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material used for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. Specifically, selenium and its alloys, arsenic-selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and other inorganic photoconductors. Organic pigments such as phthalocyanine, azo, quinacridone, polycyclic quinone, perylene, indigo, and benzimidazole can be used. In particular, metals such as copper, indium chloride, potassium chloride, tin, oxytitanium, zinc, vanadium, phthalocyanines coordinated with oxides or chlorides thereof, phthalocyanine pigments such as metal-free phthalocyanines, or monoazo, bisazo, Azo pigments such as trisazo and tetrakisazo are preferred. Of these, phthalocyanine pigments are particularly preferred, and oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a specific crystal system is particularly preferred. This is because oxytitanium phthalocyanine is more susceptible to crystal conversion by heat than ordinary pigments.
[0025]
Examples of such oxytitanium phthalocyanine include those showing a maximum diffraction peak at a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) of 27.3 ° in X-ray diffraction by CuKα rays, but are not limited thereto. is not. The crystal form of oxytitanium phthalocyanine is generally called Y type or D type. For example, FIG. 2 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-67094 (referred to as type II in the same publication). Fig. 1 of JP-A-2-8256, Fig. 1 of JP-A-64-82045, Journal of Electrophotographic Society Vol. 92 (issued in 1990), No. 3, pages 250-258 (the same publication) Is referred to as Y-type). This crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine is characterized by having a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 °, but normally has peaks at 7.4 °, 9.7 °, and 24.2 °.
[0026]
The intensity of the diffraction peak may vary depending on the crystallinity, the orientation of the sample, and the measurement method. However, in the measurement by the Bragg-Brentano concentration method usually used when performing X-ray diffraction of a powder crystal, Type oxytitanium phthalocyanine has a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 °. In addition, when measured by a thin film optical system (generally called thin film method or parallel method), 27.3 ° may not be the maximum diffraction peak depending on the state of the sample. This is probably because it is oriented in the direction.
[0027]
The dispersion medium is not particularly limited as long as it is used in the production process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and various solvents may be used. For example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. The amount of the dispersion medium to be used can be any amount as long as the dispersion can be sufficiently dispersed and an effective amount of the charge generation material is contained in the dispersion, and is usually 3 to 20 wt as the concentration of the charge generation material in the dispersion during dispersion. %, More preferably about 4 to 20 wt%.
[0028]
The binder resin is not particularly limited as long as it is used for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. Specifically, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyimide, Vinyl polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl chloride, and copolymers thereof, phenoxy, epoxy, silicone resins, etc., and partially crosslinked cured products thereof can be used singly or in combination. As a method for mixing the binder resin and the charge generation material, for example, a method of dispersing the charge generation material in a dispersion treatment step while the binder resin is powdered or adding a polymer solution thereof, and dispersing the dispersion liquid obtained in the dispersion treatment step as a binder. Any method such as a method of mixing in a polymer solution of a resin or a method of mixing a polymer solution in a dispersion may be used.
[0029]
Next, the dispersion obtained here may be diluted with various solvents in order to obtain liquid properties suitable for coating. As such a solvent, the solvent illustrated as the said dispersion medium can be used, for example. The ratio between the charge generation material and the binder resin is not particularly limited, but generally the charge generation material is used in the range of 5 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin. Moreover, a charge transport material can be included as required. Examples of charge transport materials include electron-withdrawing materials such as organic polymer compounds such as polyvinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, and polyacenaphthylene, fluorenone derivatives, tetracyanoxydimethane, benzoquinone derivatives, naphthoquinone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, and diphenoquinone derivatives. , Carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, pyrazole, oxadiazole, pyrazoline, thiadiazole and other heterocyclic compounds, aniline derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, or groups comprising these compounds on the main chain or side Examples thereof include an electron donating substance such as a polymer in the chain. The ratio of the charge transport material to the binder resin is such that the charge transport material is 5 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
[0030]
Using the dispersion prepared in this manner, a charge generation layer is formed on the substrate 40 obtained by the EI method or on the substrate 40 on which the undercoat layer or the anodized film is formed, and charge transport is performed thereon. A photosensitive layer is formed by laminating layers, or a charge transport layer is formed on the substrate 40, and a charge generation layer is formed thereon using the dispersion liquid, or a photosensitive layer is formed, or on the substrate 40 The photosensitive layer can be formed with any structure of forming a charge generation layer using the dispersion to form a photosensitive layer.
When the charge generating layer is laminated with the charge transport layer to form a photosensitive layer, the range of 0.1 to 10 μm is preferable, and the thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 10 to 40 μm. When forming the photosensitive layer with a single layer structure, the thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 40 μm.
[0031]
The charge transport layer is mixed with a known polymer having excellent performance as a binder resin on the charge generation layer and dissolved in a suitable solvent together with the charge transport material, and if necessary, an electron withdrawing compound, or It can be produced by applying a coating liquid obtained by adding a plasticizer, a pigment and other additives.
[0032]
As the charge transport material in the charge transport layer, the charge transport materials described above can be used. Various known resins can be used as the binder resin used together with the charge transport material. Thermoplastic resins and curable resins such as polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, acrylic resin, methacrylate resin, styrene resin, and silicone resin can be used. In particular, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, and polyester resin with less wear and scratches are preferred. The polycarbonate resin can use bisphenol A, bisphenol C, bisphenol P, bisphenol Z or various known components as its bisphenol component. Moreover, the copolymer which consists of these components may be sufficient. The mixing ratio of the charge transport material and the binder resin is, for example, 10 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. In the case of a multilayer photoreceptor, the charge transport layer is formed with the above components as the main component.
[0033]
Solvents used in the charge transport layer coating solution include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and anisole; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, 2,4-pentanedione, and cyclohexanone; toluene, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene; Esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl formate and dimethyl malonate; Ether esters such as 3-methoxybutyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane Can be mentioned. Of course, one or more of these may be selected and used. Preferably, it is selected from tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 2,4-pentanedione, anisole, toluene, dimethyl malonate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
[0034]
Further, the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a well-known plasticizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and leveling agent in order to improve the film formability, flexibility, coatability and mechanical strength. It may be. Furthermore, an overcoat layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer in order to improve mechanical properties and gas resistant properties such as ozone and NOx. Furthermore, it goes without saying that an adhesive layer, an intermediate layer, a transparent insulating layer, and the like may be provided as necessary.
[0035]
In the present invention, the coating operation for forming each of the layers follows a conventionally known coating method. For example, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a blade coating method, or the like can be employed.
[0036]
Examples of the image forming apparatus used in the present invention include a monochrome printer, a copier, a color printer, a color copier, and a facsimile. In particular, the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate and the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention are suitable for high-resolution image forming apparatuses because they can provide high-quality images without causing color misregistration. In particular, it can be used in a tandem color image forming apparatus that obtains an image having a resolution of 600 dpi or more. Of course, it can also be used for an image forming apparatus of 600 dpi or less, monochrome, 4-cycle color, etc., and a higher quality image can be obtained.
[0037]
Moreover, in an image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor of the present invention, the effect of the present invention can be usually obtained by using a light source such as a laser beam having a conventionally known wavelength range. Even in the image forming apparatus using a light source having a wavelength range, it is considered that the effect of the present invention is achieved.
[0038]
The image forming apparatus includes a charging unit that uniformly charges the photoreceptor, an exposure unit that forms an electrostatic latent image by dissipating the charge of the exposed portion by exposing the photoreceptor to an image, and a charging unit. A developing unit that visualizes and develops the electrostatic latent image by attaching the toner that has been applied, a transfer unit that transfers the obtained visible image onto a transfer material such as transfer paper, and the like that can be visualized by heating, pressing, etc. A fixing unit for fixing the image on the transfer material and a cleaning unit for removing the toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor after the toner transfer to the transfer material are provided. In some cases, a charge eliminating unit is provided for removing charges remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor after cleaning. Further, a transport unit that transports the recording medium (paper) is provided.
[0039]
In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as the charger, a non-contact charger such as a corona charger represented by a corotron or a scorotron; a contact charger such as a charging roller or a charging brush is used.
[0040]
The exposure is performed by using a light source such as a halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a laser (semiconductor, He—Ne), an LED, or the like by an ordinary exposure method from the outside of the photoconductor, an exposure method from the inside of the photoconductor, or the like.
[0041]
Development is performed by dry development such as cascade development, contact or non-contact development with non-magnetic one-component toner, contact or non-contact development with magnetic one-component toner, two-component magnetic brush development, or wet development with liquid toner. .
[0042]
Transfer is performed by electrostatic transfer methods such as corona transfer, roller transfer, and belt transfer, pressure transfer method, and adhesive transfer method, and fixing is performed by heat roller fixing, flash fixing, oven fixing, pressure fixing, and the like. The cleaning is performed by brush cleaning, magnetic brush cleaning, electrostatic brush cleaning, magnetic roller cleaning, blade cleaning, or the like.
[0043]
As for the image forming apparatus, when full color printing is performed, a developer such as toner adhered on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is once transferred to one intermediate transfer belt, and toner of each color is formed in the form of an intermediate transfer belt. In addition, after forming a color visible image, a color image may be formed on a recording medium (paper) using a transfer unit.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
  As is apparent from the above description, according to the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention, an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate advantageous for obtaining a clear image can be obtained easily and reliably.The
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a first stage of a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a second stage of the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a third stage of the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a fourth stage of the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a fifth stage of the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a place where a processing step of the present invention is performed.
FIG. 7 is a front view of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[Explanation of symbols]
12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 12F Workpiece
14 Mouth die
16, 16A, 16B, 16C Die for ironing
18 Scraper
20 punches

Claims (5)

A cylindrical aluminum alloy work is mounted on the punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is moved relatively along the axial direction of the punch, and an EI method including a plurality of steps of ironing is performed to perform electrophotographic photosensitive In a method for producing a body substrate,
Prepare a plurality of punches and dies corresponding to the number of stages,
The plurality of dies are arranged in the order of the ironing process in the processing points separated in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the central axis of these dies,
The workpiece was mounted on the punch, and the punch was moved to each processing position according to the step order, and the ironing was performed by the punch and the die at each processing position.
A method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. A cylindrical aluminum alloy work is mounted on the punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is moved relatively along the axial direction of the punch, and an EI method including a plurality of steps of ironing is performed to perform electrophotographic photosensitive In a method for producing a body substrate,
Preparing a plurality of punches corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages,
Preparing a plurality of dies separated from each other corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages,
Each of the punches on which the workpiece is mounted is disposed at each processing location corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages,
According to the order of the steps, each die is moved to each machining location, and in each machining location, multiple stages of ironing are performed by the punch and the die.
A method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The manufacturing method of the machining spot is electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is disposed on a single circumference. The ironing of the plurality of stages are gradually outer diameter of the workpiece is reduced toward the next machining spot, electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the performed such that the length increases Manufacturing method. Each time the ironing process is completed at each machining location, a punch with the workpiece still attached is temporarily placed at a location between the machining locations adjacent to each other. 2. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is returned to its original position before processing.

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