JP2003295488A - Method for manufacturing base body for electrophotographic photoreceptor, base body for electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method capable of obtaining a highly accurate base body for an electrophotographic photoreceptor. <P>SOLUTION: In the case of manufacturing the base body for the electrophotographic photoreceptor by performing an EI method including ironing of a plurality of steps, a plurality of punches 20 and dies 16A, 16B and 16C corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps are prepared. The dies 16A, 16B and 16C are arranged at processing positions B, C and D away in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the center axes of the dies. A work 12B is attached on the upper part of the punch 20, and the punch 20 is sequentially moved to the respective processing positions B, C and D. Ironing is performed by the punch 20 and the dies 16A, 16B and 16C at the respective processing positions B, C and D. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer, an electrophotographic photoreceptor mounted on the image forming apparatus, a base for the electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a substrate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an electrophotographic photosensitive member (photosensitive drum) is mounted on both ends of a drum body having a photosensitive layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of a hollow cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate. In addition, the demand for higher precision of the above-mentioned substrate has been further increased due to the promotion of high resolution, colorization and miniaturization of the electrophotographic apparatus in recent years. More specifically, in a laser beam printer or the like that performs laser scanning using a polygon mirror, the laser beam is obliquely incident as it is closer to the end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate during electrostatic latent image formation. . At that time, a deviation in the main scanning direction such that the arrival position of the laser beam is shifted in the axial direction may occur due to some factor.

Particularly, in the case of a color copying machine or printer called a tandem type, in which a plurality of photosensitive drums are arranged in parallel and used, the presence of such a shift causes a positional shift,
Appears as a color shift. In addition, in the case where a light emitting diode is used as an exposure device, image blurring due to whirling is likely to occur because the focal length is short, which is an important problem. It has been thought that the cause of the deviation is not only the problem of the apparatus but also the problem of the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate. On the other hand, the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate is formed by the EI method including ironing, as disclosed in JP-A-8-123059, JP-A-8-166675, and JP-A-9-319126. There are cases. In the ironing process, a plurality of dies are arranged coaxially, and a single punch on which a work is mounted is moved coaxially with the dies.

[0004]

However, in such a conventional manufacturing method, since the work is separated from the first die and then brought into contact with the next die, both the punch and the die have the axial direction. It required a long stroke along with, and there was a field to maintain the coaxiality between the punch and the die. Therefore, there is a disadvantage in increasing the ironing processing accuracy and a disadvantage in obtaining a highly accurate photosensitive drum. Further, there is a disadvantage in reducing the cycle time, and also in reducing the cost of the photosensitive drum. The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a base body for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which can obtain a highly accurate base body for an electrophotographic photosensitive body while achieving cost reduction. To provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an image forming apparatus which are extremely advantageous in obtaining a clear image without image shift or image blurring.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a workpiece made of a cylindrical aluminum alloy is mounted on a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is opposed along the axial direction of the punch. In the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by performing an EI method including multiple steps of ironing, a plurality of dies corresponding to the number of steps of the ironing are prepared, It is characterized in that the work is kept mounted and the ironing process is individually performed by the punch and the dies in the order of the steps while the plurality of dies are separated from each other. Further, the present invention provides an EI method in which a cylindrical work made of an aluminum alloy is attached to a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform ironing in a plurality of stages. In the method of manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by performing the above, prepare a plurality of dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps of the ironing process, and leave the work attached to the punch,
And, in a state where the plurality of dies are separated from each other, further, after each ironing process of each step, the punch and the die on which the work is mounted are removed, and the punch and the die are ironed in the order of the steps. It is characterized in that it is carried out individually. Further, the present invention provides an EI method in which a cylindrical work made of an aluminum alloy is attached to a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform ironing in a plurality of stages. In the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by performing the above, a plurality of punches and dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages are prepared, and the plurality of dies are orthogonal to the extending direction of the central axes of these dies. Disposing the ironing workpieces at different machining positions in the order of steps, mounting the work piece on the punch, moving the punches to the respective machining locations according to the step sequence, and ironing with the punch and the die at each machining location. The feature is that processing is performed. Further, the present invention provides an EI method in which a cylindrical work made of an aluminum alloy is attached to a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform ironing in a plurality of stages. In the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying the above, a plurality of punches corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages are prepared, and a plurality of dies separated from each other corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages are prepared, respectively. A punch with a work attached is arranged at each processing point corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps, each die is moved to each processing point according to the step order, and at each processing point, a plurality of steps are performed by the punch and the die. It is characterized by performing ironing.

The substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is
The electrophotographic photosensitive member and the image forming apparatus of the present invention are characterized by being obtained by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, and are characterized by using such a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

According to the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a highly accurate substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is advantageous in obtaining a clear image can be easily and surely obtained. Further, the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention, the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
The use of the image forming apparatus is extremely advantageous in obtaining a clear image without image shift or image blur.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is manufactured by the EI method although it includes ironing.
In the EI method, first, a hot extruded tube made of an aluminum alloy is cut into a predetermined length by cutting. Next, defects such as an oxide film formed on the surface of the extruded tube and handling scratches are removed by surface cutting in the extrusion step of the extruded tube. Next, a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is manufactured through a mouth-drawing process, an ironing process, a washing process, and both end processes.

1 to 5 are explanatory views of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention, which includes the above-mentioned drawing, ironing and scraping of a lubricating oil, and FIG. The plan view of the place where the process of FIG. In the present embodiment, the mouth-drawing process is performed first, then the ironing process is performed in three stages, and the scraping is performed last.
4. Three ironing dies 1 separated from each other
6 (first die 16A, second die 16B, third die 16C), a scraper 18 for scraping, and four punches 20 of the same shape and size are used.
Reference numerals 12A to 12F respectively indicate works. The work 12A is a cylindrical aluminum alloy extruded tube obtained through the above-described cutting process and surface cutting process. The workpiece 12A is processed into a workpiece and becomes a workpiece 12B. Further, the work 12B is the first die 16A
Staged ironing is carried out to become the work 12C, the work 12C is subjected to second stage ironing by the second die 16B and becomes work 12D, and the work 12D is subjected to third stage ironing by the third die 16C. Work 12E. Further, the work 12E is scraped by the scraper 18 to become the work 12F.

The mouth-drawing part A where the above-mentioned drawing is carried out, and the first, second and third where the three-step ironing is carried out
The ironing points B, C and D and the scraping point E where scraping is performed are arranged in this order at positions that are two-dimensionally distant from each other, and a temporary placement point F is provided between these points. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, these points A to F are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the same circumference. More specifically, for example, the disc 22 having a notch is provided with the first, second, and third ironing points B, C, D, the scraping point E, and the temporary placement point F. An elevating plate 24 that can move up and down is provided in the notch, and the elevating plate 24 is provided with an ironing processing point A. Since the punches 20 are erected at these places, the mouth-drawing die 14, the first die 16A for ironing, the second die 16B, the third die 16C, and the scraper 18 are
Since the punch 20 or the die 16 is arranged at a position distant in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction (center axis direction) of the punch 20, the punch 20 on which the work is mounted is moved to these positions in a circular motion. Become.

Next, a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate will be described with reference to FIGS. In the first stage (state of FIG. 1) of the mouth-drawing processing part A, the mouth-drawing die 14 is the work 1
It is located at the upper limit position which is apart from 2A upward. The elevating plate 24 is located at the upper limit position, and the punch 20 is fitted into the engaging recess 26 of the elevating plate 24 and is erected. A forked stopper 29 is engaged with the upper portion of the punch 20, the work 12A is covered on the upper portion of the punch 20, and the punch 20 of the work 12 is punched.
The vertical position with respect to is restricted by the stopper 29. At the first ironing point B, the punch 20 having the work 12B mounted thereon is held upright by a chuck 28. The first die 16A is located at an upper limit position apart from the work 12B upward. Second ironing point C
Then, the punch 20 to which the work 12C is mounted is held upright by the chuck 28. Second die 16
B is located at the upper limit position which is separated upward from the work 12C. At the third ironing site D, the punch 20 having the work 12D mounted thereon is held upright by the chuck 28. The third die 16C is located at an upper limit position apart from the work 12D upward. At the scraping point E, the rod 30 is inserted into the work 12E,
Thus, the work 12E is erected. Scraper 1
8 is located at the upper limit position which is separated upward from the work 12E.

At the second stage (state shown in FIG. 2) of the mouth-drawing processing area A, the mouth-drawing die 14 is lowered to perform the mouth-drawing processing, so that the work 12A becomes the work 12B. After the mouth-drawing process, the mouth-drawing die 14 returns to the upper limit position, and the stopper 29 is separated to the side of the punch 20. At the first ironing location B, the first die 16A is lowered while supplying the lubricating oil to the work 12B, and the punch 20 and the first die 16A perform the first-stage ironing. By this ironing, the work 12B has a small outer diameter (wall thickness) and a large length, and becomes the work 12C. The first die 16A is separated below the work 12C, and the chuck 28
It is the lower limit position located above. At the second ironing point C, the second die 16 is fed while the lubricating oil is being supplied to the work 12C.
B is lowered to the second position by the punch 20 and the second die 16B.
Staged ironing is done. By this ironing process,
The work 12C has a small outer diameter (wall thickness) and a large length, and becomes the work 12D. The second die 16B is located below the work 12D and is at the lower limit position on the chuck 28. Work 12D at the third ironing point D
The third die 16C descends while supplying lubricating oil to the third stage by the punch 20 and the third die 16C (final stage).
The ironing process is performed. By this ironing, the work 12D has a small outer diameter (wall thickness) and a large length, and becomes the work 12E. Third die 16C is work 1
The lower limit position is located below chuck 2E and located on chuck 28. At the scraping point E, the scraper 18 descends to scrape off the lubricating oil on the work 12E, and the work 12E becomes the work 12F. The scraper 18 is located below the work 12F and is located at the lower limit position on the disc 22.

At the third stage (state shown in FIG. 3) of the mouth-drawing process A, the punch 20 having the work 12B mounted thereon is removed from the elevating plate 24. At the first ironing point B, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 having the work 12C mounted thereon is removed from the first die 16A and the chuck 28. At the second ironing processing location C, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 having the work 12D mounted thereon is removed from the second die 16B and the chuck 28. At the third ironing site D, the chuck 28 is opened, and the punch 20 having the work 12E mounted thereon is removed from the third die 16C and the chuck 28. At the scraped portion E, the work 12F is removed from the rod 30, and the work 12F is subjected to the next step (for example, a step of cutting a portion that has been subjected to a mouth-drawing process, a step of forming a photosensitive layer, etc.).
Be transported to.

At the fourth stage (state of FIG. 4) of the mouth-drawing processing area A, the lift plate 24 is lowered to the lower limit position, and the punch 20 in a state in which no work is mounted is placed in the engaging recess 26 of the lift plate 24. Fitted and erected.
The punch 20 on which the work 12B is mounted is erected in the engagement recess 32 of the disc 22 which is a temporary placement location F between the mouth-drawing location A and the first ironing location B. Work 12C
The punch 20 on which is mounted is a disk 2 which is a temporary placement point F between the first ironing point B and the second ironing point C.
The two engaging recesses 32 are provided upright. 1st ironing point B
Then, the first die 16A moves up to the upper limit position. The punch 20 on which the work 12D is mounted is erected in the engaging recess 32 of the disk 22 which is a temporary placement location F between the second ironing location C and the third ironing location D. Second
At the ironing point C, the second die 16B moves up to the upper limit position. Punch 2 with work 12E attached
0 is placed in the temporary placement location F between the third ironing location D and the scraping location E. In this temporary storage location F,
The annular ring 34 that receives the lower end of the work 12E is the disc 2
2, and a hole 36 is formed through the disk 22 coaxially with the ring 34. And work 1
With the lower end of 2E placed on the annular ring 34,
The lower end of the punch 20 is inserted into the ring 34 and the hole 36, the punch 20 is pulled out below the disc 22 as shown by an imaginary line, and the punch 20 is stripped from the work 12E. The removed punch 20 is transferred to the mouth-drawing processing portion A and, as described above, is fitted and erected in the engaging concave portion 26 of the elevating plate 24 located at the lower limit position. At the third ironing point D, the third die 16C moves up and is located at the upper limit position.

At the fifth stage (state of FIG. 5) of the mouth-drawing processing area, the lift plate 24 on which the punch 20 is erected rises to the upper limit position, and the forked stopper 29 is formed.
Approaches the punch 20 and is engaged with the upper portion of the punch 20. Then, the work 12A is covered on the upper part of the punch 20, and the mouth-drawing processing portion A is in the state shown in FIG. At the temporary placement location F between the mouth-drawing location A and the first ironing location B, the punch 20 on which the work 12B is mounted is engaged with the recessed portion 3
Removed from 2. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the first ironing point B, and the first ironing point B is in the state shown in FIG. At the temporary placement location F between the first ironing location B and the second ironing location C, the punch 20 on which the workpiece 12C is mounted is removed from the engagement recess 32. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the second ironing point C, and the second ironing point C is in the state shown in FIG. Temporary placement point F between the second ironing point C and the third ironing point D
Then, the punch 20 on which the work 12D is mounted is removed from the engagement recess 32. The punch 20 is erected at the third ironing point D, and the third ironing point D is shown in FIG.
It becomes the state of. At the temporary placement location F between the third ironing location D and the scraping location E, the workpiece 12E is the ring 3
Lifted from 4. Then, the punch 20 is erected at the scraping point E, and the scraping point E is in the state shown in FIG.

According to the present embodiment, the ironing process is divided into a plurality of steps, and the punch 20 is kept in a state in which the work is mounted.
Is moved to a plurality of ironing points B, C, D separated in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the punch 20, and the dies 16A, 16B are separated from each other in a stepwise manner.
16C was performed individually. Therefore, in the ironing process at each stage, the relative stroke between the punch 20 and the die 16 can be set to the minimum necessary small value. As a result, a plurality of ironing points B,
In C and D, the coaxiality between the punch 20 and the die 16 can be made extremely accurate, and more specifically, ironing can be performed with the center misalignment between the punch 20 and the die 16 being within 20 μm. Therefore, it is advantageous in obtaining a highly accurate photoconductor drum.
The work 12F having a size of less than μm is obtained, which makes it possible to obtain a photosensitive drum having a cylindricity of less than 20 μm.
In addition, since the relative stroke between the punch 20 and the die 16 can be set to the minimum required minimum value,
This is advantageous in shortening the cycle time, and is advantageous in reducing the cost of the photosensitive drum.

Further, since the temporary placement location F is provided between the ironing locations B, C and D where the ironing at each stage is performed, the punch 20 is temporarily placed while the work is mounted. When the punch 20 is temporarily placed, it is possible to quickly and surely return the die 16 to the original position without interfering with the work at each of the ironing points B, C and D. This is advantageous for smooth and quick operation. Further, since the ironing work divided into a plurality of stages is performed at the different ironing work locations B, C and D, different ones are used as drive sources (for example, hydraulic cylinders) for vertically moving the dies 16A, 16B and 16C. Can be used, and therefore each work 12B,
Dice 16A, 16B, 1 corresponding to 12C, 12D
The ironing conditions can be controlled separately, for example, the processing speed of 6C can be set individually, which is advantageous in performing high-precision ironing and obtaining a high-precision photosensitive drum. It is of course possible to raise and lower the three dies 16A, 16B and 16C by a single drive source for raising and lowering (for example, a hydraulic cylinder). In this case, in order to reduce the cost of the ironing machine. Will be advantageous.

In this embodiment, at the time of ironing,
The case where the punch 20 on which the work is mounted is fixed and the die 16 is moved along the central axis of the punch 20 has been described. However, the die 16 may be fixed and the punch 20 may be moved for ironing. Or punch 20
The ironing process may be performed by moving both the die 16 and the die 16 in a direction in which they are separated from each other and approach each other. Further, in the present embodiment, when performing the ironing process in a plurality of stages, the punch 20 on which the work is mounted is moved to each processing location.
The punch 20 on which the work is mounted may be always located at the same position, and the dies 16A to 16C may be moved in order to perform the ironing process. In this case, the mouth-drawing die 14 and the scraper 18 are also the dies 16A to 1A.
It should be moved together with 6C. Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the ironing process is divided into three stages has been described, but the number of stages of the ironing process may be two stages, or may be four or more stages. Further, in the present embodiment, the punch 20 is attached to the disc 2 while the work is mounted.
Although the case where the punch 20 is erected above the disk 2 has been described, the punch 20 may be erected below the disk 22 while the work is mounted, and in that case, the top and bottom of FIG. 1 are reversed. .
Further, in the present embodiment, at the time of removing the punch 20 and the die 16 in which the work is still attached after the ironing process of each stage, at least one of the punch 20 and the die 16 in which the work is attached is removed from the die 16 by the work. Although the moving direction is set to move away, the moving direction may be reversed. That is, at least one of the punch 20 and the die 16 on which the work is mounted may be moved in the direction in which the work is rubbed against the die 16 again, and the punch 20 on which the work is mounted may be removed from the die 16. In addition, in the present embodiment, the punch 20 and the die 1 to which the workpiece is attached after each ironing process in each stage are performed.
Punch 2 by removing 6A, 16B and 16C
0 and each of the dies 16A, 16B, 16C were used to perform the ironing process individually in the order of steps.
All dies 16A, 16B for the punch 20 on which the work is mounted without removing A, 16B, 16C,
The ironing may be performed individually by 16C. In this case, for example, all the dies 16A, 16B, 16C are stacked on the chuck 28 below the punch 20 after all the steps of ironing. And in this case, in a state where the work is separated from the dies 16A, 16B, 16C after ironing at all stages,
Punch 20 with work attached or all dies 16
At least one of A, 16B, and 16C is moved in a direction in which the work moves away from all the dies 16A, 16B, and 16C, and the punch 20 on which the work is mounted is moved to all dies 16
You may make it remove from A, 16B, 16C. Alternatively, after the ironing process at all stages, the work piece becomes a die 1.
In a state of being separated from 6A, 16B, 16C, the punch 20 on which the work is mounted or all the dies 16A, 16B,
At least one of the 16C is moved in a direction in which the work again rubs against all the dies 16A, 16B, 16C, and the punch 20 having the work mounted thereon is moved to all the dies 16A, 16C.
You may make it remove from B and 16C.

As shown in FIG. 7, both ends of the work 12F removed from the scraped portion E as described above are cut off and chamfered so that the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate 4 can be obtained.
0 is obtained, the drum main body 42 is obtained from the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate 40, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is obtained from the drum main body 42. The drum body 42 is composed of an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate 40 and a photosensitive layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate 40. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is composed of a drum main body 42 and first and second flange members 46 and 48 concentrically attached to both ends of the drum main body 42. Electrophotographic photoreceptor 4
The first and second flange members 46 and 48 are rotatably supported on the frame side of the image forming apparatus, and the tooth portions of the first and second flange members 46 are disposed in the image forming apparatus. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 44 is rotationally driven by the drive gear meshed with 4602.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate 40 produced as described above may have a photosensitive layer directly formed on the substrate 40. However, in order to prevent image defects, a blocking layer is formed and then exposed. It is preferable to form a layer. here,
The blocking layer refers to an anodic oxide coating, an undercoat layer and the like. The anodized film is formed by anodizing the surface of the substrate. Before performing anodizing treatment, it is preferable to perform degreasing treatment by various degreasing cleaning methods such as acid, alkali, organic solvent, surfactant, emulsion and electrolysis. The anodic oxide coating is formed by a conventional method, for example, chromic acid,
It is formed by anodizing in an acidic bath of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid, etc., but anodizing in sulfuric acid gives the best results. In the case of anodizing treatment in sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid concentration is 100-300g
/ L, the dissolved aluminum concentration is 2 to 15 g / l, the liquid temperature is 0 to 30 ° C, the electrolysis voltage is 10 to 20 V, and the current density is 0.
It is preferably set within the range of 5 to 2 A / dm2, but not limited to this. The thickness of the anodized film thus formed is usually 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or less.
~ 8 μm.

The anodized substrate can be subjected to sealing treatment or dyeing treatment. The sealing treatment is a step of sealing by growing hydrated aluminum oxide or the like in the porous layer. The sealing treatment method may be an ordinary method, but is preferably performed by immersing it in a solution containing nickel ions (eg, a solution containing nickel acetate or a solution containing nickel fluoride). Further, when the dyeing treatment is performed, the substrate is immersed in a salt solution of an organic or inorganic compound to adsorb those salts. Specifically, 1-10g of water-soluble organic dye such as azo
/ 1, liquid temperature 20 to 60 ° C., pH 3 to 9, immersion time 1 to 2
The condition is 0 minutes.

As the subbing layer, organic layers such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide and polyamide can be used. Of these, a polyamide resin having excellent adhesiveness to the substrate 40 and low solubility in the solvent used in the charge generation layer coating liquid is preferable. In the undercoat layer, alumina,
It is effective to incorporate fine particles of metal oxide such as titania and organic or inorganic pigments. The ratio of the metal oxide particles and the binder resin can be arbitrarily selected,
From the viewpoint of liquid stability and characteristics, the range of 0.5 to 6 parts by weight is preferable with respect to 1 part by weight of the resin for the undercoat layer.
The thickness of the undercoat layer is usually 0.1 to 10 μm, preferably 0.2 to 5 μm. In the present invention, the undercoat layer may be formed on the anodic oxide coating.

A photosensitive layer is formed on the substrate 40.
The photosensitive layer may be a charge-generating layer containing a charge-generating substance and a charge-transporting layer laminated in this order, an inverse laminate, or a so-called single layer type in which charge-generating substance particles are dispersed in a charge-transporting medium. However, a laminated photosensitive layer having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer is preferable. When the photosensitive layer has a single-layer structure, a known material in which a photosensitive material is dispersed in a binder material is used. Examples thereof include a dye-sensitized ZnO photosensitive layer, a CdS photosensitive layer, and a photosensitive layer in which a charge generating substance is dispersed in a layer composed of a charge transporting substance and a binder resin.

The charge generating layer contains a charge generating substance and a binder resin. The charge generating substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and specifically, selenium and its alloys, arsenic-selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and other inorganic photoconductors. Organic pigments such as phthalocyanine, azo, quinacridone, polycyclic quinone, perylene, indigo, and benzimidazole can be used. In particular, copper, indium chloride, potassium chloride, tin, oxytitanium, zinc, phthalocyanine pigments such as vanadium, or its oxide or chloride coordinated phthalocyanines, such as metal-free phthalocyanines, or monoazo, bisazo, Trisazo,
Azo pigments such as tetrakisazos are preferred. Of these, phthalocyanine pigments are particularly preferable, and oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a specific crystal system is particularly preferable. This is because oxytitanium phthalocyanine is more likely to undergo thermal crystal conversion than ordinary pigments.

Examples of such oxytitanium phthalocyanine include those which show a maximum diffraction peak at a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) of 27.3 ° in X-ray diffraction by CuKα ray, but are not limited thereto. It is not something that will be done. The crystal form of this oxytitanium phthalocyanine is generally called Y type or D type. For example, FIG. 2 of JP-A-62-67094 (referred to as II type in the same publication). JP-A-2-8256
FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-82045, No. 1 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-82045
Fig., Electrophotographic Society Journal, Vol. 92 (published in 1990), No. 3, pages 250 to 258 (referred to as Y type in the same publication). This crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine is characterized by showing a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 °, but in addition to this, it is usually 7.4 ° or 9.
It shows peaks at 7 ° and 24.2 °.

The intensity of the diffraction peak may change depending on the crystallinity, the orientation of the sample, and the measuring method, but in the measurement by the Bragg-Brentano concentration method which is usually used when X-ray diffraction of powder crystals is performed, The above crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine has a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 °. Further, when measured by a thin film optical system (generally called thin film method or parallel method), the maximum diffraction peak may not be 27.3 ° depending on the state of the sample. It is thought that this is due to the orientation.

The dispersion medium is not particularly limited as long as it is used in the manufacturing process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and various solvents may be used. For example, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-
Ethers such as dimethoxyethane; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, or 2 A mixture of two or more species can be used. The amount of the dispersion medium used may be any amount as long as the dispersion can be sufficiently performed and the effective amount of the charge generating substance is contained in the dispersion liquid, and the concentration of the charge generating substance in the dispersion liquid at the time of dispersion is usually 3 to 20 wt. %, More preferably about 4 to 20 wt%.

The binder resin is not particularly limited as long as it is used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, but specifically, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyarylate, polysulfone. , Vinyl polymers such as polyimide, polymethylmethacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride, and their copolymers, phenoxy, epoxy, silicone resins and the like, and partially cross-linked cured products thereof can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the method for mixing the binder resin and the charge generating substance include, for example, a method of dispersing the charge generating substance in the powder as a binder resin in the dispersion treatment step or by simultaneously adding a polymer solution thereof, and a dispersion obtained in the dispersion treatment step as a binder. Any method such as a method of mixing the resin in the polymer solution or a method of mixing the polymer solution in the dispersion liquid may be used.

Next, the dispersion liquid obtained here may be diluted with various solvents in order to make the liquid properties suitable for coating. As such a solvent, for example, the solvents exemplified as the dispersion medium can be used. The ratio of the charge generating substance to the binder resin is not particularly limited, but generally the charge generating substance is used in the range of 5 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin. If necessary, a charge transport material can be included. Examples of the charge transport material include organic polymer compounds such as polyvinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, and polyacenaphthylene,
Electron-withdrawing substances such as fluorenone derivatives, tetracyanoxydimethane, benzoquinone derivatives, naphthoquinone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives,
Heterocyclic compounds such as carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, pyrazole, oxadiazole, pyrazoline, and thiadiazole, aniline derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, or groups consisting of these compounds in the main chain or side chain. And electron-donating substances such as polymers.
The ratio of the charge transport material to the binder resin is 5 to 500 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

Using the dispersion liquid thus prepared,
A charge generating layer is formed on the substrate 40 obtained by the EI method or on the substrate 40 on which an undercoat layer or an anodic oxide film is formed, and a charge transport layer is laminated thereon to form a photosensitive layer, or A charge transport layer is formed on a substrate 40, and a charge generating layer is formed on the substrate 40 by using the dispersion liquid, or a charge generating layer is formed on the substrate 40 by using the dispersion liquid. The photosensitive layer can be formed with any structure of layers. The film thickness of the charge generation layer is 0.1 to 10 μm when the photosensitive layer is formed by laminating the charge transport layer.
Is preferable, and the thickness of the charge transport layer is 10 to 40 μm.
Is preferred. When the photosensitive layer is formed with a single layer structure, the thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 40 μm.

The charge-transporting layer is mixed with a known polymer having excellent performance as a binder resin on the charge-generating layer and dissolved in a suitable solvent together with the charge-transporting substance.
It can be produced by applying an electron-withdrawing compound, or a plasticizer, a pigment and other additives as necessary, and applying a coating solution obtained.

As the charge transport material in the charge transport layer, the above charge transport material can be used. As the binder resin used together with the charge transport material, various known resins can be used. Thermoplastic resins and curable resins such as polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyarylate resins, acrylic resins, methacrylate resins, styrene resins, and silicone resins can be used. Particularly preferred are polycarbonate resins, polyarylate resins, and polyester resins, which are less likely to cause wear and scratches. As the bisphenol component of the polycarbonate resin, bisphenol A, bisphenol C, bisphenol P, bisphenol Z, or various known components can be used. It may also be a copolymer of these components. The compounding ratio of the charge transport material and the binder resin is, for example, 10 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. In the case of a laminated type photoreceptor, the charge transport layer is formed by using the above components as main components.

Solvents used for the charge transport layer coating liquid include tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2.
-Ethers such as dimethoxyethane and anisole; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, 2,4-pentanedione and cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl formate and dimethyl malonate; 3 Ether ethers such as methoxybutyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane. Of course, one kind or two or more kinds may be selected from these and used. Preferably, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 2,4
-Pentanedione, anisole, toluene, dimethyl malonate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate are preferred.

Further, the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is a well-known plasticizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, leveling agent for improving film-forming property, flexibility, coating property and mechanical strength. May be contained. Further, an overcoat layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer in order to improve mechanical characteristics and gas resistance characteristics such as ozone and NOx. Needless to say, it may have an adhesive layer, an intermediate layer, a transparent insulating layer, and the like, if necessary.

In the present invention, the coating operation for forming each of the above-mentioned layers follows the conventionally known coating method. For example,
A dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a blade coating method or the like can be adopted.

Examples of the image forming apparatus used in the present invention include a monochrome printer, a copying machine, a color printer, a color copying machine and a facsimile. In particular, the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate and the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can provide a high-quality image with no color misregistration, and thus are suitable for a high-resolution image forming apparatus. In particular, it can be used for a tandem type color image forming apparatus that obtains an image having a resolution of 600 dpi or more. Of course, it can be used in an image forming apparatus of 600 dpi or less, monochrome, or 4-cycle type color, and it is possible to obtain a higher quality image.

In the image forming apparatus using the photoconductor of the present invention, the effect of the present invention can be obtained by using a light source such as a laser beam having a conventionally known wavelength range. It is considered that the effect of the present invention can be achieved even in the image forming apparatus using a light source having a wavelength range of up to 600 nm.

The image forming apparatus includes a charging unit for uniformly charging the photoconductor, and then an imagewise exposure of the photoconductor to dissipate the charge in the exposed portion to form an electrostatic latent image. A unit, a developing unit that visualizes and develops the electrostatic latent image by attaching charged toner, a transfer unit that transfers the obtained visible image to a transfer material such as transfer paper, by heating, pressing, etc. A fixing unit that fixes the visible image on the transfer material and a cleaning unit that removes the toner remaining on the surface of the photoconductor after the toner is transferred to the transfer material are provided. Further, in some cases, a charge eliminating unit for removing charges remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor after cleaning is provided. Further, a carrying unit for carrying the recording medium (paper) is provided.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as the charger, a non-contact charger such as a corona charger typified by a corotron or a scorotron; a contact charger such as a charging roller or a charging brush is used.

The exposure is carried out by using a light source such as a halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a laser (semiconductor, He-Ne), and an LED.
It is carried out by a normal exposure method from the outside of the photoconductor, an exposure method from the inside of the photoconductor, or the like.

The development may be a dry development method such as cascade development, contact or non-contact development with non-magnetic one-component toner, contact or non-contact development with magnetic one-component toner, two-component magnetic brush development, or wet development method with liquid toner. Done by.

Transfer is performed by electrostatic transfer method such as corona transfer, roller transfer, belt transfer, pressure transfer method, adhesive transfer method, etc., and fixing is performed by heat roller fixing, flash fixing, oven fixing, pressure fixing and the like. . The cleaning is performed by brush cleaning, magnetic brush cleaning, electrostatic brush cleaning, magnetic roller cleaning, blade cleaning, or the like.

When performing full-color printing, the image forming apparatus temporarily transfers a developer such as toner adhered on the electrophotographic photosensitive member onto one intermediate transfer belt,
It is also possible to form a color image on a recording medium (paper) by using a transfer unit after the toners of respective colors are combined in the form of an intermediate transfer belt to form a color visible image.

[0044]

As is clear from the above description, according to the method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoconductor substrate of the present invention, an electrophotographic photoconductor substrate advantageous for obtaining a clear image can be easily and surely obtained. Obtainable. Further, the use of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate, the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the image forming apparatus of the present invention is extremely advantageous in obtaining a clear image without image shift or image blur.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a first stage of a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a second stage of the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a third step of the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a fourth step of the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a fifth step of the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a portion where a processing step of the present invention is performed.

FIG. 7 is a front view of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[Explanation of symbols]

12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 12F Work 14 Die for mouth drawing 16, 16A, 16B, 16C Die for ironing 18 Scraper 20 Punch

Claims (22)

[Claims] 1. An EI method in which a cylindrical workpiece made of aluminum alloy is mounted on a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform an ironing process in a plurality of steps. In the method of producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying, a plurality of dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps of the ironing process are prepared, and the work is attached to the punch, and,
A method for manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the punching and the dies are individually subjected to the ironing process in the order of the steps while the plurality of dies are separated from each other. 2. An EI method including a cylindrical aluminum alloy work is mounted on a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along an axial direction of the punch to perform an ironing process in a plurality of steps. In the method of producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying, a plurality of dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps of the ironing process are prepared, and the work is attached to the punch, and,
In the state where the plurality of dies are separated from each other, further, after each stage of the ironing process, the punch and the die on which the work is mounted are removed, and the ironing process is individually performed in the order of the stages by the punch and the dies. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized in that 3. An EI method in which a cylindrical work made of aluminum alloy is mounted on a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform an ironing process in a plurality of steps. In the method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a plurality of punches and dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages are prepared, and the plurality of dies are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the central axes of the dies. Are arranged at different machining positions in the order of the ironing step, the work is mounted on the punch, the punch is moved to each processing point according to the step order, and the ironing is performed by the punch and the die at each processing point. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising: 4. An EI method in which a cylindrical aluminum alloy work is attached to a punch, and at least one of the punch and the die is relatively moved along the axial direction of the punch to perform an ironing process in a plurality of steps. In the method of manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying a plurality of punches corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages, a plurality of dies corresponding to the number of the plurality of stages and separated from each other are prepared, respectively The punch attached is arranged at each processing point corresponding to the number of the plurality of steps, and each die is moved to each processing point in accordance with the step order, and at each processing point, the punch and the die have a plurality of steps. A method for manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized in that ironing is performed. 5. After the ironing in each step, in a state where the work is separated from the die, at least one of the punch and the die on which the work is mounted is moved in the direction in which the work is separated from the die, and the work is mounted. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the punch is removed from the die. 6. A state in which ironing is individually performed by a plurality of dies separated from a punch having a workpiece attached thereto without removing the dies, and the workpiece is separated from the dies after all the ironing. In the above, at least one of the punch on which the work is mounted and all the dies is moved in a direction in which the work is separated from all the dies, and the punch on which the work is mounted is removed from all the dies. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. 7. After the ironing in each of the steps, in a state where the work is separated from the die, at least one of the punch and the die on which the work is mounted is moved in a direction in which the work is rubbed again to mount the work. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the punch is removed from the die. 8. A state in which ironing is individually performed by a plurality of dies separated from a punch having a workpiece attached thereto without removing the dies, and the workpiece is separated from the dies after all the ironing. In the above, at least one of the punch and all the dies on which the work is mounted is moved in a direction in which the work is rubbed against all the dies again, and the punch on which the work is mounted is removed from all the dies. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1. 9. The electrophotography according to claim 3, wherein punches are erected at respective processing points during the ironing process, and the punches are erected upward or downward from a single plane. A method for manufacturing a substrate for a photoreceptor. 10. The method for manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein each of the processing locations is arranged on a single circumference. 11. The electronic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the ironing process in a plurality of stages is performed such that the outer diameter of the work becomes gradually smaller and the length thereof becomes larger toward an adjacent processing location. A method for manufacturing a substrate for a photographic photoreceptor. 12. Each time the ironing process is completed at each processing point, a punch with the workpiece still mounted is temporarily placed between the processing points adjacent to each other. 4. The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein the die is returned to the original position before the ironing process. 13. Relative movement during the ironing is performed by a number of driving sources corresponding to the number of steps for individually moving each punch or die, and the ironing conditions such as the ironing speed are the same as those of the plurality of driving sources. 5. The method for manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein each step is individually controlled. 14. A punch on which a work is mounted is erected at a machining point before ironing, and a punch on which a work is mounted is removed from the machining point after ironing, and these punches are installed and removed in the same direction. 5. The method for manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein 15. The electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate according to claim 1, wherein an aperture drawing process is performed before the ironing process of the first step of the plurality of steps. Manufacturing method. 16. The processing locations where the ironing work is performed are arranged side by side in the order of the steps of the ironing processing, and the mouth reduction processing locations where the mouth draw processing is performed are provided side by side with the machining locations. A method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor as described above. 17. The substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein scraping of the lubricating oil is performed after the final step of ironing in the plurality of steps. Manufacturing method. 18. The electrophotography according to claim 17, wherein the processing locations where ironing is performed are arranged side by side in the order of the steps of ironing, and the scraping locations where scraping is performed are arranged side by side with the processing locations. A method for manufacturing a substrate for a photoreceptor. 19. The misalignment between the punch and the die is 20.
The method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the ironing process is performed within μm. 20. An electrophotographic photoconductor substrate obtained by the method for producing an electrophotographic photoconductor substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 19. 21. An electrophotographic photosensitive member using the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate according to claim 20. 22. An image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 21.