JP3885333B2 - Cutter structure of shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter structure of a shield machine that prevents back wear of a bit and extends its life.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 7, the shield machine a includes a cutter for digging a face into a shield body d including a shield frame b formed in a cylindrical shape and a partition wall c that partitions the shield frame b forward and backward. e is configured so as to be rotatable forward and backward. As shown in FIG. 8, the cutter e has a plurality of cutter spokes g extending radially from the rotation center portion f, and is driven in the positive rotation direction (hereinafter, clockwise in FIG. 8 by the drive motor h). Or driven in the reverse rotation direction.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 9, each cutter pork g has a forward rotation bit j having a blade portion i in the forward rotation direction A of the cutter e and a reverse rotation having a blade portion k in the reverse rotation direction of the cutter e. Bits l are respectively attached along the radial direction. The forward rotation bit j excavates the face m when the cutter e is rotated forward, and the reverse rotation bit l excavates the face m when the cutter e is reversely rotated. Conventionally, the forward rotation bit j and the reverse rotation bit 1 are fixed to the cutspoke g at the same height.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the forward rotation bit j and the reverse rotation bit 1 are fixed at the same height in this way, for example, as shown in FIG. , The back surface portion of the reverse rotation bit l is rubbed against the face n cut by the forward rotation bit j, and the back surface portion of the reverse rotation bit l is worn. That is, in this case, not only the normal rotation bit j excavating the face m is worn, but also the reverse rotation bit l that is not excavated is worn at the same time. This is called back wear of the bit l. Conversely, when the cutter m is excavated by rotating the cutter e in the reverse direction, not only the reverse rotation bit l but also the back surface portion of the forward rotation bit j is simultaneously worn.
[0005]
Bits j and l are able to demonstrate proper excavation capability if they are used so that their blades i and k side cut into the face m. It will occur. Thus, when the forward rotation bit j and the reverse rotation bit l are fixed at the same height, the bit j, which exhibits the excavation action on the face m regardless of the rotation direction of the cutter e, ( l) As well as the bit l that does not excavate the face m substantially, the back part of (j) is always rubbed against the face and wears. As a result, both bits j and l always wear. As a result, the life of the bits j and l was shortened, which hindered long-distance digging.
[0006]
The purpose of the present invention created in view of the above circumstances is to provide a cutter structure for a shield machine that prevents the wear of the back surface of the forward rotation bit and the reverse rotation bit and extends the life of the bit. There is to do.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the cutter structure of the shield machine according to the present invention includes a cutter rotating body provided at a front portion of the shield body and driven in a forward rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction, and a radial direction of the cutter rotating body. A rod portion that extends to the rod portion, a cover portion that is rotatably fitted to the rod portion within a predetermined range, and a circumferential portion of the cutter rotating body that is attached to the cover portion and spaced apart from each other. and a cutter structure of normal rotation bit and reverse rotation bit and shield machine having a said cover portion, so as to cover the rod portion along the radial direction is formed in an elongated cylindrical shape with a bottom A plurality of the forward rotation bits and the reverse rotation bits are disposed on the bottomed cylindrical cover portion with a distance in the longitudinal direction thereof, and each of the cover portions is provided with a face through a bit mounting base. Project to the side It is those attached.
[0008]
According to the present invention, for example, when the cutter rotating body is driven in the forward rotation direction, the forward rotation bit provided in the cover portion cuts the face, and the cover portion tilts backward like a seesaw by receiving the reaction force. The reverse rotation bit is separated from the face. Conversely, when the cutter rotating body is driven in the reverse rotation direction, the reverse rotation bit provided in the cover part cuts the face, and the cover part tilts like a seesaw in the opposite direction to the reaction force. The positive rotation bit is separated from the face.
[0009]
As described above, when the cutter rotating body is rotated forward, only the forward rotating bit excavates the face and the reverse rotating bit is separated from the face, and when the cutter rotating body is rotated reversely, only the reverse rotating bit is cut. Thus, the forward rotation bit is separated from the face, so that wear of the back surface of each bit, which has been a problem in the past, is prevented, and the life of the bit can be extended. Further, since the tilt of the rocking body is automatically made by the reaction force from the face of each bit, a dedicated actuator is basically unnecessary.
[0012]
Moreover, you may provide the actuator for rotating the said cover part with respect to the said rod part . In this way, the cutter rotating body and the rocking body can be reliably rotated without relying on the reaction force from the face, so that the bit on the side that is not substantially excavated is reliably separated from the face. Can do.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the shield machine 1 includes a shield body 4 including a shield frame 2 formed in a cylindrical shape and a partition wall 3 that partitions the inside of the shield frame 2 back and forth. The shield frame 2 is provided with a propulsion jack 6 that takes the reaction force of the existing segment 5 and advances the shield body 4, and the partition 3 is attached with a screw conveyor 7 that conveys excavated earth and sand into the mine.
[0015]
A cutter rotator 9 that is driven in the forward rotation direction or the reverse rotation direction by switching the rotation direction of the drive motor 8 is attached to the partition wall 3 via a bearing and a seal (not shown). As shown in FIG. 3, the cutter rotating body 9 includes a rotating shaft portion 10 that is pivotally supported by the partition wall 3, a mounting seat portion 11 provided at the front end thereof, and a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction from the mounting seat portion 11. It consists of the rod part 12 extended in radial direction outwardly. In the present embodiment, four rod portions 12 are provided at intervals of 90 degrees as shown in FIG. 2, but the interval and the number are not limited, and any number of rod portions 12 may be used as long as it is two or more.
[0016]
The rod portion 12 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) as a swinging body that freely swings within a predetermined range like a seesaw in the circumferential direction of the cutter rotating body 9. The cover 13 is fitted so as to be rotatable within a predetermined range. A ring-shaped retaining member 14 and a seal member 15 are provided between the cover portion 13 and the rod portion 12. The swing range (rotation range) of the cover portion 13 with respect to the rod portion 12 is kept within a predetermined range by a stopper mechanism 18 including a key 16 attached to the rod portion 12 and a key groove 17 formed in the cover portion 13. Being regulated.
[0017]
The key 16 is formed along the axial direction of the rod portion 12 (the radial direction of the cutter rotator 9), and is attached and fixed to the engagement groove 19 formed in the rod portion 12. On the other hand, the key groove 17 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cover portion 13 along the axial direction (the radial direction of the cutter rotating body 9), as shown in FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b), and 4 (c). Thus, the groove 16 is formed so as to accommodate the key 16 in a predetermined range so as to be movable in the circumferential direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), when the cover portion 13 is rotated clockwise, the left end of the key 16 comes into contact with the left end of the key groove 17, and the rotation is restricted, as shown in FIG. 4 (c). When the cover portion 13 is rotated counterclockwise, the right end of the key 16 comes into contact with the right end of the key groove 17 and the counterclockwise rotation is restricted.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 4B, such a rotation range is such that only the forward rotation bit 20 contacts the face 21 and the reverse rotation bit 22 is separated from the face 21 when the cover portion 13 is rotated clockwise. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the cover portion 13 is rotated counterclockwise, only the reverse rotation bit 22 contacts the face 21 and the forward rotation bit 20 is separated from the face 21. Is set to As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the forward rotation bit 20 and the reverse rotation bit 22 are arranged in the circumferential direction (rotation directions A and B) of the cutter rotating body 9 at the portion facing the face 21 of the cover portion 13. It is attached at a predetermined interval.
[0019]
Specifically, the counter rotating face 20 of the cover 13 is opposed to the face 21 on the upstream side in the forward rotation direction A (clockwise in FIG. 2) of the cutter rotator 9 (indicated by hatching in FIG. 2). Is attached, and a reverse rotation bit 22 is attached upstream of the cutter rotating body 9 in the reverse rotation direction B (counterclockwise in FIG. 2). The forward rotation bit 20 excavates the face 21 when the cutter rotator 9 is rotated in the forward rotation direction, and the reverse rotation bit 22 is when the cutter rotator 9 is rotated in the reverse rotation direction. The cutting face 21 is excavated and comprises a bit mounting base 23, a bit body 24 and a blade part 25, respectively, as shown in FIG. 3 (b).
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 2, the forward rotation bit 20 and the reverse rotation bit 22 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the cutter rotating body 9 with respect to one cover portion 13 with the center line of the cylindrical cover portion 13 interposed therebetween. They are mounted symmetrically with a predetermined interval in the (rotating direction), that is, to be a pair 26 on the same circumference (on the same excavation path) of the cutter rotating body 9. A plurality of pairs 26 of the normal rotation 20 bits and the reverse rotation bits 22 are attached to the cover portion 13 at a predetermined interval in the radial direction of the cutter rotating body 9.
[0021]
Further, the pair 26 of the forward rotation bit 20 and the reverse rotation bit 22 is displaced in the radial direction when viewed from the cover portions 13 and 13 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. That is, the pair 26 attached to the cover part 13 adjacent to it is arranged on the same circumference of the space 27 between the pair 26, 26 attached to the one cover part 13. As a result, the entire face 21 can be excavated into multiple concentric circles by the bits 20 and 22 of each pair 26.
[0022]
In detail, in this embodiment, since the cover part 13 is four at intervals of 90 degrees, the pair 26 attached to one cover part 13 is the same circle as the pair 26 of the cover part 13 that is 180 degrees away from it. There is a relationship on the circumference (on the same excavation path). Therefore, in this embodiment, the same circumference (on the same excavation path) of the face 21 is excavated by the two pairs 26 and 26 of the bits 20 and 22. This is called double digging. Needless to say, three cover excavations may be made with six cover portions 13.
[0023]
The operation of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
[0024]
The shield machine 1 drives the cutter rotator 9 in the forward rotation direction A in a state where the bits 20 and 22 provided on the cover portion 13 are in contact with the face 21 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the forward rotation bit 20 cuts the face 21 and receives the reaction force so that the cover portion 13 is rotated backward like a seesaw and the reverse rotation bit 22 is moved from the face 21. Separate. On the contrary, when the cutter rotating body 9 is driven in the reverse rotation direction B, the reverse rotation bit 22 cuts the face 21 as shown in FIG. 4 (c), and the cover 13 is opposite to the above by receiving the reaction force. The forward rotation bit 20 is moved away from the face 21 this time.
[0025]
Thus, when the cutter rotator 9 is driven in the forward rotation direction A, only the forward rotation bit 20 excavates the face 21 and the reverse rotation bit 22 moves away from the face 21 so that the cutter rotator 9 is moved in the reverse direction. When driven to B, only the reverse rotation bit 22 excavates the face 21 and the forward rotation bit 20 is separated from the face 21, so that wear of the rear portions of the bits 20 and 22, which has been a problem in the past, is prevented. The life of the bits 20 and 22 can be extended. Further, since the rotation of the cover portion 13 is automatically performed by the reaction force from the face 21 of each bit 20, 22, a dedicated actuator for swinging is basically unnecessary.
[0026]
Compared with the conventional type shown in FIG. 9, in the conventional type, when the cutter e is rotated forward and excavated with the normal rotation bit j, the reverse rotation bit l that hardly contributes to excavation is worn. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, only the forward rotation bit 20 (reverse rotation bit 22) is obtained when the cutter rotating body 9 is rotated forward (reverse rotation). Is worn and the reverse rotation bit 22 (forward rotation bit 20) is not worn, and the reverse rotation bit 22 (forward rotation bit 20) is not worn out. The lifespan of 20 and 22 is extended. Therefore, long-distance excavation that has conventionally required bit exchange in the middle can be performed without bit exchange, and various ripple effects such as shortening the construction period, reducing costs, and improving safety can be obtained.
[0027]
Further, in the present embodiment, only the bits 20 and 22 of the forward rotation bit 20 or the reverse rotation bit 22 contact the face 21 as shown in FIG. Therefore, as described above, not only can the wear of the back portions of the bits 20 and 22 be prevented, but both the forward rotation bit j and the reverse rotation bit 1 are provided as in the conventional type shown in FIG. Compared with the one in contact with the face m, the excavation resistance of the shield body 4 and the rotation resistance of the cutter rotating body 9 are reduced.
[0028]
That is, in the conventional type shown in FIG. 9, not only the forward rotation bit j but also the reverse rotation bit 1 is pressed against the face m, so that the contact area of the bits j and l with respect to the face m is as shown in FIG. This is approximately twice that of the present embodiment, and the digging resistance of the shield body d and the rotational resistance of the cutter e become larger than those of the present embodiment. In other words, in the present embodiment, the digging force of the shield body 4 and the rotational force of the cutter rotating body 9 are concentrated only on the bits 20 and 22 of the forward rotation bit 20 or the reverse rotation bit 22. Therefore, excavation efficiency is improved.
[0029]
Moreover, since the thing of this embodiment attaches the some bit 20 for forward rotation, and the bit 22 for reverse rotation to the one cover part 13, the excavation reaction force which each bit 20 and 22 receives from the face 21 is joint. As a result, one cover portion 13 is rotated, and the cover portion 13 is reliably rotated and the use bits 20 and 22 are switched. Further, the plurality of forward rotation bits 20 and reverse rotation bits 22 attached to the cover portion 13 are simultaneously switched at once by the rotation of the cover portion 13.
[0030]
Further, the rotational torque of the cover portion 13 rotated by the excavation reaction force received from the face 21 by each of the bits 20 and 22 is received and supported by the stopper mechanism 18 shown in FIG. Here, the key 16 and the key groove 17 constituting the stopper mechanism 18 are arranged in the axial direction of the cylindrical cover portion 13 (the radial direction of the cutter rotator 9) as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The contact area between the key 16 and the key groove 17 that are in contact with each other when the cover portion 13 is restricted from rotation can be secured widely along the axial direction, and sufficient support is provided for the rotation torque. Rigidity can be secured.
[0031]
A modification is shown in FIG. In this modification, a mini hydraulic jack 28 is interposed between the cover portion 13 and the mounting seat portion 11 as an actuator for positively rotating the cover portion 13 with respect to the rod portion 12. The other configuration is the same as that of the previous embodiment. In this way, by extending and contracting the mini hydraulic jack 28, the cover part 13 can be reliably rotated with respect to the rod part 12 without relying on the reaction force from the face 21. The bit 20 or 22 on the non-excavated side can be reliably separated from the face 21. The mini hydraulic jack 28 may be housed inside the mounting seat 11.
[0032]
Another modification is shown in FIG. In this modified example, two stopper mechanisms 18 (key 16 and key groove 17) are provided, and the rest of the configuration is the same as in the previous embodiment. In this way, the contact area between the key 16 and the key groove 17 that receives and supports the rotational torque of the cover portion 13 that is rotated by the excavation reaction force can be double that of FIG. The rigidity will be improved. The number of the stopper mechanisms 18 is not limited to two and may be three or more.
[0033]
In the above-described embodiment, the cover portion 13 as a swinging body is rotatably attached to the rod portion 12 of the cutter rotating body 9 like a seesaw. However, the present invention is not limited to this. 9 is provided with a face plate-like cutter face plate, and the cutter face plate is provided with a rocking base as a rocking body having a rocking shaft along the radial direction and freely rocking within a predetermined range like a seesaw in the circumferential direction. The forward rotation bit 20 and the reverse rotation bit 22 may be attached to the swing table at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. By adopting such a configuration, the present invention can be applied not only to the spoke type cutter described so far but also to the face plate type cutter.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cutter structure of the shield machine according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent wear on the back surface portions of the forward rotation bit and the reverse rotation bit, thereby extending the life of the bit.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a shield machine equipped with a cutter structure showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the cutter structure.
3A and 3B are explanatory views of the cutter structure, in which FIG. 3A is a partial cross-sectional view, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb in FIG. 3A.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the cutter structure.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a modified example of the cutter structure.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing another modified example of the cutter structure.
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of a shield machine showing a conventional example.
FIG. 8 is a front view of the cutter structure.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the cutter structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 4 Shield main body 8 Drive motor 9 Cutter rotary body 12 Rod part 13 Cover part 20 as a rocking body 20 Forward rotation bit 21 Face 22 Reverse rotation bit 28 Mini jack A as actuator Forward rotation direction B Reverse rotation direction

Claims (2)

A cutter rotator provided at the front part of the shield body and driven in the forward rotation direction or the reverse rotation direction, a rod portion formed to extend in the radial direction on the cutter rotator , and a predetermined range within the rod portion A shield machine comprising: a cover portion that is rotatably fitted; and a forward rotation bit and a reverse rotation bit that are attached to the cover portion and arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cutter rotating body . A cutter structure,
The cover portion is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape that is elongated along the radial direction so as to cover the rod portion, and the forward rotation bit and the reverse rotation bit are respectively provided in the bottomed cylindrical cover portion. A shield excavator cutter structure, wherein a plurality of the shield excavators are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and are attached to the cover portion so as to protrude to the face side through bit mounting bases . The cutter structure of the shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising an actuator for rotating the cover part with respect to the rod part .

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