JP3461168B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavator used for underground excavation work such as tunnels.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as shown in FIG. 6, an excavator for excavating underground soil to form a tunnel or the like has a drill bit 2 attached to the tip of a cylindrical excavator body 1. The cutter body 3 is rotatably provided, and while the thrust force is applied to the excavator body 1 by the hydraulic cylinder 4, the cutter body 3 is rotated by the rotary drive device such as the cutter motor 5 so that the excavation bit 2 It excavates underground.

In the excavator, when the excavation bit 2 is worn during excavation or when the soil quality changes, excavation efficiency is deteriorated and the daily progress amount is reduced. Since the adverse effect of damage is caused, it is necessary to replace the excavation bit 2 as appropriate. In particular, when the soil quality changes, for example, from soft soil such as silt layer or sand layer to hard soil such as bedrock layer or cobblestone layer, the above-mentioned drill bit is used as a tooth profile for excavating soft soil type. It is necessary to replace the fixed bit of the shape with the roller bit of the abacus ball shape corresponding to the hard soil.

[0004]

Therefore, conventionally, the excavator 2 is replaced in the chamber 6 of the cutter body 1 by adopting a bit exchanging excavator as the excavator. The replacement work is a harsh work in a narrow space, and there is a problem that it is necessary to separately improve the ground such as injecting a chemical solution.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to easily replace the excavating bit with a excavating bit corresponding to a soil having a different hardness. Therefore, it is possible to easily respond to a change in soil quality and excavate. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excavator that can significantly improve efficiency.

[0006]

The excavator according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1 is provided with a cutter main body which is rotated by a rotary drive device at a tip end portion of the excavator main body, and is provided on the front surface of the cutter main body with each other. An excavator equipped with a first excavation bit and a second excavation bit corresponding to soils of different hardness, wherein a movable member is provided on the cutter body so as to be movable back and forth, and the movable member has a first or second movable member. A second excavating bit is provided, and a drive device for moving the movable member forward and backward is provided, and the drive device includes a reciprocating means provided on the rear surface side of the cutter body and a first reciprocating means fixed to the cutter body. The pin is rotatably provided around the pin and has one end rotatably connected to the output shaft of the reciprocating means and the other end rotatably connected to a second pin fixed to the movable member. The reciprocating motion of the output shaft advances the movable member. A link mechanism having one or more links to be converted into movement and is characterized by comprising a stopper means for preventing retraction of the movable member in the forward position of the movable member.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the link mechanism according to the first aspect is provided with a first link rotatably provided around the first pin, and the first link. A second link rotatably connected at one end to the second pin via a connecting pin, and the other end rotatably connected to the second pin, and the stopper means is a first link. When the second link rotates and the connecting pin moves to the rotation direction side with respect to the imaginary line connecting the first and second pins, the stopper prevents the rotation. To do.

The invention described in claim 3 is the same as that of claim 2.
A plurality of sets of the link mechanism described in (4) are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the movable member, the first link of one link mechanism is connected to the reciprocating means, and the first link of the other link mechanism. The link is rotatably connected to the first link of the one link mechanism via a connecting rod.

Further, in the invention described in claim 4, in the invention described in claim 2 or 3, the movable member has a third structure.
Is provided, and a limiting link is rotatably interposed between the third pin and the first pin.

According to the excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a movable member is provided in the cutter body so as to be movable back and forth by a drive unit including a reciprocating means and a link mechanism, and the movable member has different hardness. Since either the first excavation bit or the second excavation bit corresponding to the ground is attached, when the soil quality of the ground changes from soft soil to hard soil during excavation, The movable member is moved back and forth, and the first or second excavation bit that has been used until then is replaced with the second or first corresponding to the soil quality.
By exchanging with the excavating bit, it becomes possible to cope with the soil quality change of the natural ground by a simple operation.

As a result, since the interruption of the excavation work can be suppressed in a short time, the excavation efficiency can be greatly improved. Moreover, since the excavator according to the present invention is provided with the stopper means for preventing the retreat of the movable member at the forward position, a large reaction force from the natural ground generated when the movable member is advanced. Is supported by the link mechanism itself by the stopper means, it is possible to prevent the reaction force from acting on the reciprocating means.

As the link mechanism, various forms in which one or two or more links are combined can be applied. For example, as in the invention described in claim 2, the link mechanism is rotated around the first pin. The first link freely provided,
If the first link is composed of a second link rotatably connected to the first link via a connecting pin and the other end is rotatably connected to the second pin, the first and the second links are formed. Two
In the vicinity where the link rotates, and the connecting pin forms a straight line with the imaginary line connecting the first and second pins, a large turning force can be obtained with a small turning force by the so-called toggle effect. It is suitable because it can

In this case, according to the second aspect of the invention, the first and second links are rotated so that the connecting pin is rotated more than a virtual line connecting the first and second pins. At a position advanced in the moving direction, that is, at a position where the first and second links have a V shape, the rotation is blocked by the stopper. In this state, when a reaction force acts on the movable member from the natural ground, the first and second links are prevented from rotating by the stopper, and cannot rotate in the opposite direction. , After all, the above reaction force is applied to the first and second
It can be surely supported by the pin and the connecting pin.

Further, in the invention described in claim 3,
Since a plurality of sets of link mechanisms are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the movable member and the first links of the movable members are connected to each other via the connecting rod, the spokes that extend in the radial direction of the cutter body as the movable member. Even when a strip-shaped long member is used, it is possible to stably move the entire unit forward and backward.

Further, in the invention described in claim 2 or 3, since both ends of the second link are not fixed to the cutter body, the movable member may rattle to the left and right. According to the invention described above, a third pin is provided on the movable member, and the first pin fixed to the cutter body is connected by a relatively rotatable restriction link. It is possible to suppress the rattling.

[0016]

1 to 5 show an embodiment of an excavator according to the present invention. In the drawings, reference numeral 10 is an excavator main body formed in a cylindrical shape. A cutter body 12 that is rotated by a cutter motor (rotational drive device) 11 is provided at the tip of the cutter. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the support shaft 13 is provided on the front surface of the cutter body 12.
Are provided in the radial direction at positions separated by 90 ° in the circumferential direction, and each support shaft 13 is mainly suitable for excavating hard soil, and has an abacus ball-shaped rotating roller bit (first excavating bit). ) 14 are attached in groups of three or four.

Further, cutter spokes (movable members) 15 are provided on the front surface of the cutter body 12 so as to be positioned between the support shafts 13 so as to be movable back and forth with respect to the front surface of the cutter body 12. The cutter spokes 15 are cubic long members that extend in the radial direction of the cutter body 12, and have a fixed tooth-shaped fixed bit (second excavation) that is suitable for excavating mainly soft soil on the front surface thereof. 16)
Similarly, 9 or 10 groups are attached in the radial direction.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a disk-shaped wall plate 17 is provided at the rear of the cutter body 12, and the cutter spokes 15 are accommodated in the wall plate 17 over the entire length. A pair of possible guide plates 18 are integrally provided. Further, on both side surfaces on the rear end side of the cutter spoke 15, a V-shaped recess 19 is formed at each of two locations in the longitudinal direction, and the recess 19 has a pair of second links 20a, 20b are arranged so as to sandwich the cutter spoke 15. These second links 20a, 20
The depth b of the recesses 19 is formed so that the depths of the recesses 19 are substantially equal to each other.

The other ends of the second links 20a, 20b are connected to the first links 23a, 2 via the connecting pin 22.
3b is provided so as to be relatively rotatable. The first links 23a and 23b are V-shaped members and are rotatably provided around the first pin 24 inserted between the guide plates 18 at the bent portion. The other end of the one first link 23a is rotatably connected to an output shaft 26 of a hydraulic cylinder (reciprocating means) 25 provided on the rear end side of the guide plate 18 via a pin 32. ing. The other end of the other first link 23b is rotatably connected around a pin 33 inserted through the first link 23a via a connecting rod 27.

Then, the second links 20a, 2b rotatably provided around the first pin 24 and rotatably connected to the first links 23a, 23b, and the second pin 21 described above.
0b and the connecting pin 22 that connects them together form a link mechanism, and the link mechanism and the hydraulic cylinder 25 form a drive device for the cutter spoke 15. Here, in the above drive device, when the cutter spokes 15 are moved forward by the hydraulic cylinder 25 as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, the fixed bit 16 projects further forward than the roller bit 14, as shown by the chain line in the figure. The dimensional specifications are set so that the fixed bit 16 is located behind the roller bit 14 when the cutter spokes 15 are retracted.

Further, between the guide plates 18, the first links 23a, 23b and the second links 20a, 20b are rotated around the first pin 24 or the second pin 21, respectively, so that the connecting pin 22 is formed. Are the first and second pins 24, 21
There is provided a stopper pin (stopper means) 28 that prevents the rotation of the moving portion when it moves to the rotation direction side of the imaginary line connecting the two. Further, a bracket 29 is integrally provided at the center of the rear end portion of the cutter spoke 15, and a limiting link 31 is rotatably provided on the bracket 29 via a third pin 30. The other end is rotatably connected to one of the first pins 24.

In the excavator having the above structure, when excavating hard soil such as rock layer or cobblestone layer, the output shaft 26 of the hydraulic cylinder 25 is extended as shown in FIG. And the fixed bit 16 is positioned behind the roller bit 14 directly attached to the cutter body 12, so that the excavation is performed mainly by the roller bit 14.

Next, when the soil changes to a soft soil such as a silt layer or a sand layer, the output shaft 26 of the hydraulic cylinder 25 is contracted as shown in FIG. Then, the first links 23a and 23b rotate counterclockwise around the first pin 24, and as a result, the second links 20a and 20b rotate clockwise and the cutter spokes 15 move forward. Moving. At this time, the first links 23a and 23b and the second links 20a and 20b are rotated, and in the vicinity where the connecting pin 22 is aligned with a virtual line connecting the first and second pins 24 and 21. , By the so-called toggle effect,
A large pushing force can be obtained by a small turning force, and the cutter spokes 15 can be pushed strongly toward the natural ground side.

Then, these first links 23a, 23
When the connecting pin 22 that connects b and the second links 20a and 20b moves to the rotation direction side with respect to the virtual line connecting the first and second pins 24 and 21, the rotation is stopped by the stopper pin 28. Movement is blocked. As a result, the fixed bit 16 projects forward of the roller bit 14, and excavation is mainly performed using the fixed bit 16.

As described above, according to the above-described excavator, the roller bit 14 is directly attached to the cutter body 12, and the cutter spokes 15 are provided so as to be movable back and forth through the hydraulic cylinder 25 and the link mechanism, and fixed to the cutter spokes 15. Since the bit 16 is attached, if the soil quality of the ground changes during excavation, the cutter spokes 15 are moved back and forth to adjust the roller bit 1 to the soil quality.
4 or fixed bit 16 can be used to cope with changes in the soil quality of the natural ground by a simple operation.

Therefore, since the interruption of the excavation work can be suppressed in a short time, the excavation efficiency can be greatly improved. Moreover, the first links 23a, 23b
And the second links 20a and 20b rotate, and the connecting pin 22 advances in the rotation direction from the virtual line connecting the first and second pins 24 and 21, that is, the first and second links. Since the rotation is blocked by the stopper pin 28 at the position where the link has a dogleg shape, the reaction force acting on the cutter spoke 15 from the ground is suppressed by the first and second pins 24 and 21 and the connecting pin. 22 can be surely supported.

Further, the link mechanism has a cutter spoke 15
Since two sets are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the cutter and the first links 23a and 23b are connected to each other via the connecting rod 27, a long cutter extending in the radial direction of the cutter body 12. The spokes 15 can be stably moved back and forth. Moreover, the cutter spoke 15 has a third pin 30
Since this is provided and the first pin 24 fixed to the cutter body 12 is connected by the relatively rotatable limiting link 31, the rattling of the cutter spoke 15 can be suppressed.

In the above embodiment, the cutter body 12 is directly provided with the roller bit 14, and the cutter body 1 is provided.
Although only the case where the fixed bit 16 is attached to the cutter spoke 15 that is provided in 2 so as to be able to move back and forth has been described,
Not limited to this, conversely, the cutter body 12 may be provided with the fixed bit 16 and the cutter spokes 15 may be provided with the roller bit 14, and both the roller bit 14 and the fixed bit 16 may be independent drive devices. It may be provided on a movable member that is individually driven to move back and forth.

[0029]

As described above, according to the invention as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, when the soil quality of the ground changes from soft soil to hard soil during excavation, the drive unit is driven. By changing the excavation bit by moving the movable member back and forth by the link mechanism and changing the excavation bit by a simple operation, it is possible to suppress interruption of excavation work in a short time and improve excavation efficiency. In addition to being able to greatly improve, the stopper means can prevent a large reaction force from the natural ground generated when the movable member is moved forward from acting on the reciprocating means via the link mechanism. it can.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the movable member can be strongly pushed out by a small turning force due to the toggle effect, and the first and second links are rotated at the position where they have a dogleg shape. The above-mentioned reaction force can be reliably supported by the first and second pins and the connecting pin by the stopper that blocks the movement of the cutter body as a movable member in the radial direction of the cutter body. Even when a spoke-shaped long member is used, the entire structure can be moved forward and backward in a stable manner, and according to the invention described in claim 4, it is possible to suppress rattling of the movable member. can get.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG.

3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where the movable member of FIG. 3 has advanced.

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4 (FIG. 3).

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a conventional excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Excavator body 11 Cutter motor (rotary drive device) 12 cutter body 14 Roller Bit (First Drilling Bit) 15 Cutter spoke (movable member) 16 fixed bits (second drill bit) 20a, 20b Second link 21 second pin 22 Connecting pin 23a, 23b First link 24 first pin 25 Hydraulic cylinder (reciprocating means) 26 Output shaft 27 connection rod 28 Stopper pin (stopper means) 30th pin 31 restricted links

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cutter main body that is rotated by a rotary drive device is provided at a tip end portion of the excavator main body, and a first excavating bit and a second excavating bit corresponding to grounds having different hardnesses are provided on a front surface of the cutter main body. An excavator provided with an excavating bit, wherein a movable member is provided on the cutter body so as to be movable back and forth, the movable member is provided with the first or second excavating bit, and a drive for moving the movable member forward and backward. The drive device is provided with a reciprocating means provided on the rear surface side of the cutter body, and is rotatably provided around a first pin fixed to the cutter body, one end of which is The reciprocating means is rotatably connected to the output shaft and the other end is rotatably connected to a second pin fixed to the movable member to reciprocate the output shaft to move the movable member forward and backward. Convert to motion 1 or more Shield machine of a link mechanism having a link, characterized in that it comprises a stopper means for preventing retraction of the movable member in the forward position of the movable member. 2. The link mechanism includes a first link rotatably provided around the first pin, and one end rotatably connected to the first link via a connecting pin. The other end has a second link rotatably connected to the second pin, and the stopper means is the first
And the second link is rotated to move the connecting pin to the first
The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator is a stopper that blocks the rotation when the second pin is moved to a side closer to the rotation direction than an imaginary line connecting the second pins. 3. A plurality of sets of the link mechanism are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the movable member, and the first link of one of the link mechanisms is connected to the reciprocating means, and another link mechanism is provided. The excavator according to claim 2, wherein the first link of the link mechanism is rotatably connected to the first link of the one link mechanism via a connecting rod. 4. A third pin is provided on the movable member,
The excavator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a limiting link is rotatably interposed between the third pin and the first pin.