JP2980309B2 - Shield excavator cutter head - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter head of a shield machine, and more particularly, to a cutter head of a cutter spoke on a leading side in a rotating direction in each cutter spoke, and a cutter bit on a trailing side in a rotating direction is cut from a cutting surface. The present invention relates to a device configured to be separated.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A shield machine has a rotatable cutter head at a front end portion of a front body thereof, the cutter head is provided with a plurality of cutter spokes, and each cutter spoke has a plurality of cutter bits. In order to prevent rolling of the shield machine during excavation, the cutter head is rotated in a predetermined direction, and the rotation direction of the cutter head is switched for each ring excavation (for example, 1 to 1.5 m). I will do it. Then, during normal excavation, when excavating, for example, 1 to 2.5 km, the cutter bits of the cutter head are worn and the excavating force is reduced, so that all the cutter bits are replaced. By the way, in the recent shield excavation, there is a tendency that the life of the cutter bit is shortened because the nomust construction wall and the improved ground using high strength nomst material are often applied to the starting shaft and the reaching shaft . excavation proceeds lifetime improvement of the cutter bits due to the lengthening of the distance is being requested.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , in a conventional general cutter head 100, a plurality of cutter bits 102 are completely fixed to a cutter spoke 101 with bolts or rattling of about 1 to 2 mm. When the cutter head 100 is rotated at the time of excavation, the excavation surface F is excavated by the cutter bit 102a on the leading side in the rotational direction of each cutter spoke 101. Of the cutter bit 102b comes into contact with the excavation surface F. When the rotation direction of the cutter head 100 is switched, the cutter bit 102b on the leading side in the rotation direction excavates in the switched rotation direction. That is, in the shield machine, since the rotation direction of the cutter head is frequently switched between clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation, each cutter spoke is provided with a plurality of pairs of cutter bits, and each pair of cutter bits is symmetric. Is provided.

On the other hand, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-20597 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-56197, a plurality of pairs of replacement cutter bits are mounted at three equally spaced positions on the circumferential surface of the cutter spoke and the cutter spoke is rotated. When the cutter bit in use is worn out, the cutter spoke is rotated by 120 ° around its axis, and the plurality of unused cutter bits are excavated facing the front of the cutter head. A shield head of a shield machine is described. Also in the cutter heads of these publications, on the front of each cutter spoke,
A plurality of pairs of cutter bits to be used are fixedly arranged.During excavation, the excavation surface is excavated by the rotation direction leading side cutter bit, but the rotation direction trailing side cutter bit is also excavated. Had come into contact.

[0005]

In the conventional general cutter head and the cutter head described in the above publication, the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotation direction of each cutter spoke does not always contribute to the excavation, but always excavates. Due to the contact with the surface, a large excavation resistance is generated, the required torque for driving the cutter head is increased, the power consumption is increased, and the excavation speed is reduced. Alternatively, the size of the cutter head drive motor increases. In addition, the wear speed of the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotation direction is increased, so that the life of the cutter bit is reduced and the excavation speed is also reduced. In particular, when excavating a ground with high hardness, an increase in excavation resistance and an increase in the wear rate of the cutter bit become remarkable. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problem by allowing only the cutting bit on the leading side in the rotation direction in each cutter spoke to bite into the excavation surface and separating the cutter bit on the trailing side in the rotation direction from the excavation surface. It is to provide a simple cutter head.

[0006]

A cutter head of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front end portion of a front trunk of the shield machine, and a plurality of cutters each having a plurality of cutter bits attached thereto. In the cutter head having a spoke, each of the cutter spokes is a spoke body, and a spoke movable member attached to the spoke body so as to be able to reciprocate a predetermined angle around an axis parallel to the spoke body, and a plurality of cutter bits are attached to the spoke body. And a rear side surface of each of the spoke movable members.
Form a partially cylindrical guided surface on the
Sliding contact with the guided surface of the movable spoke member on the front end face of the spoke body
To form a partial cylindrical guide surface for guiding
Link mechanism for spoke movable members in the spokes
When the digging is performed while rotating the cutter head and digging while switching the rotation direction each time the digging is performed for a predetermined length, each cutter spoke is connected to the spoke body through the rotation of the spoke movable member with respect to the spoke body. The cutter bit on the leading side in the rotational direction of the cutter head bites into the excavation surface, and the cutter bit on the trailing side in the rotational direction is separated from the excavation surface.

[0007] Each cutter spoke comprises a spoke body and
A spoke movable member attached to the spoke body so as to be able to reciprocate at a predetermined angle around an axis parallel to the spoke body,
A plurality of cutter bits are attached to the spoke movable member. The predetermined angle is appropriately set based on a cutting amount at the time of excavation (for example, about 10 to 20 mm) and an interval in a rotating direction between a cutter bit on a rotating direction leading side and a cutter bit on a rotating direction trailing side. However, during excavation, if the interval between the cutter bit on the rotation direction leading side and the cutter bit on the rotation direction trailing side is approximately the same as the depth of cut during excavation, the rotation direction tray The cutter bit on the ring side is securely separated from the excavation surface.

When the cutter head is driven to rotate during excavation, the excavation resistance acts on the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotating direction in each of the cutter spokes. The cutter bit on the leading side in the rotating direction cuts into the digging surface and performs excavation, and the cutter bit on the trailing side in the rotating direction moves in the direction away from the digging surface and holds that position. I do. Excavation is continuously performed while maintaining the above conditions,
After the excavation of a predetermined length, when the rotation direction of the cutter head is switched, similarly to the above, the cutter bit on the rotation direction leading side in the switched rotation direction cuts into the excavation surface to perform excavation, and the rotation direction trailing. Side cutter bit is separated from the excavation surface. in this way,
Since the cutter bit on the trailing side in the rotation direction in each cutter spoke of the cutter head always keeps a position separated from the excavation surface, excavation resistance is reduced and the cutter bit is less likely to be worn.

[0009] Then, to form a partial cylindrical shape of the guide surface on the rear side surface of each spoke movable member, part cylindrical surface for guiding in sliding contact with the guided surface of the spoke movable member to the front end surface of each spoke body by forming the guide surface of the,
Since the contact area between the guided surface and the guide surface can be increased, the durability is excellent, and the configuration can be made such that earth and sand or muddy water does not enter the spoke body .

[0010] Moreover, it is possible to increase the mobility of the spoke movable member so coupled to the spoke body spoke movable member in each cutter spoke through a link mechanism.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter head for a shield machine according to the first aspect , wherein each of the cutter spokes is provided with biasing means for biasing the movable spoke member to a neutral position with respect to the spoke body. It is characterized by the following. The urging means can be constituted by any of a spring member, a rubber member, a hydraulic actuator, or the like. When the rotation direction of the cutter head is changed,
The spoke movable member urged by the urging force of the urging means immediately returns to the neutral position, and the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotation direction in the switched rotation direction easily bites into the excavation surface immediately. In addition, the same effect as any one of claims 1 to 3 is exerted.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shield machine 1 has a feature in its cutter head 2, and the other structure is the same as that of a general shield machine. The shield machine 1 includes a cutter head 2 at a front end, a cylindrical front body 3 at a rear side, a folded part 4 at a rear side, a rear body 5 at a rear side, and a front body 3 at a rear side. An inner partition 6, an erector 7 at the front end of the rear trunk 5, a screw conveyor 8 and a belt conveyor 9 for discharging excavated soil, earth and sand, and the like.
And a plurality of shield jacks 10, and a pair of left and right middle bent jacks (not shown) for connecting the rear trunk 5 and the front trunk 3
, A plurality of cutter drive motors 11, a ring-shaped bearing 12, a rotary joint 13, and the like.

The erector 7 has a segment 15 for lining the excavated tunnel inner surface attached to the tunnel inner surface. The screw conveyor 8 drives a screw shaft 18 via an electric motor or a hydraulic motor 16 via a speed reducer 17. The rotary joint 13 constitutes a passage for supplying a hydraulic pressure supplied to the copy cutter 14 and a mudifying agent added to excavated soil and earth and sand.

The cutter head 2 has a center frame 20 at the center of its front end, for example, six radial cutter spokes 21 integrally fixed to the outer surface of the center frame 20, and a rear end face of the cutter spokes 21. Frame 22 fixed to the outer peripheral wall 23 of the outer peripheral portion
A ring gear 24 fixed to the rear end of the annular frame 22; a large number of cutter bits 3 fixed to the front end of the center frame 20 and the front ends of the plurality of cutter spokes 21;
The cutter head 2 is rotatably supported by a front end portion of the front barrel 3 via a bearing 12, and its ring gear 24 is connected to a plurality of cutter drive motors 1.
By driving through the pinion 19 at 1, it is driven forward and reverse. When excavating a tunnel with this shield machine 1, in order to prevent rolling of the shield machine 1,
Each time one ring is dug equal to the length of the segment 15,
Excavation is performed while repeatedly switching the rotation direction of the cutter head 2.

Next, the structure for mounting the cutter bit in the cutter head 2 will be described in detail. First, the structure for attaching the cutter bit to the center frame 20 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a thick plate member 31 is fixed to the front end surface of the center frame 20, and a pair of cylindrical members 32 is provided on the front end of the thick plate member 31. A pair of cylindrical members 32 having a diameter larger than the thickness
The movable member 33 having an arc-shaped cross section is attached to the column member 32 at a predetermined angle (for example, about 10 to 2) from the neutral position.
(0 degree) A locking plate 34 that locks the movable body 33 is fixed to both ends of each column member 32 so as to be rotatable to both sides.

Two pairs of cutter bits 30 are fixed to the front part of one movable body 33 (upper side in FIG. 3) by welding, and the other movable body 33 (lower side in FIG. 3).
A pair of cutter bits 30 is fixed to the front part by welding. The cutter bits 30 of each pair are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction. When the cutter head 2 rotates, one cutter bit 30 of each pair of cutter bits 30 is positioned on the leading side in the rotational direction, and the other cutter bit 30 is rotated. Is located on the trailing side in the rotational direction. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, when the cutter head 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow, each movable body 33 rotates as shown in FIG. Side cutter bit 30
a bites into the excavation surface F, and the cutter bit 30b on the trailing side in the rotational direction is configured to be separated from the excavation surface F. Instead of welding the cutter bit 30 to the movable body 33, a bit mounting piece may be fixed to the movable body 33, and the cutter bit 30 may be bolted to the bit mounting piece.

Next, the structure for attaching the cutter bit to the cutter spoke 21 will be described. 2, 6,
As shown in FIG. 7, each cutter spoke 21 is a box-shaped frame having a constant circumferential width and a substantially rectangular cross section. Each cutter spoke 21 includes a spoke body 41 and a spoke movable member 42 provided at the front end thereof. It is composed of A front end wall 43 having an arc-shaped cross section is fixed to the front end of the spoke body 41. The front surface of the front end wall 43 projects forward and has a partial cylindrical surface centered on an axis 56 parallel to the axis 55 of the cutter spoke 21. Is formed on the guide surface 43a.
The spoke movable member 42 has an arc-shaped cross section, and a guided surface 42a that is in sliding contact with the guide surface 43a is formed at the rear end of the spoke movable member 42.

The spoke movable member 42 is connected to an axis 56 via a plurality of link mechanisms 45 provided at appropriate intervals.
A predetermined angle θ from the neutral position (for example, θ = about 10
(Up to 20 degrees). At the position of each link mechanism 45, the front end wall 43 has an opening 4
4 is formed, a connection fitting 48 fixed to the rear end face of the spoke movable member 42 projects into the opening 44, and a connection fitting 49 is fixed to the inner surface of the rear wall 41 a of the spoke body 41. The front end is a pin 48a
And the rear end of the link 46 is rotatably connected to the connection fitting 49 by a pin 49a. A pair of leaf springs 47 is provided in the spoke body 41 as urging means for urging the spoke movable member 42 to the neutral position, and the concave cutouts of the leaf springs 47 are engaged with the links 46. It is. If necessary, the spoke body 41 may be used.
A seal member may be incorporated between the front end wall 43 and the spoke movable member 42.

A plurality of pairs of cutter bits 40 are provided on the spoke movable member 42, and each pair of cutter bits 40 is arranged in the circumferential direction. Each cutter bit 40
Are fixed to the bit mounting piece 50 fixed to the spoke movable member 42 with bolts 51.
The stepped portion 53 of 0 is locked to the front end of the bit mounting piece 50 so that the cutter bit 40 does not rotate around the bolt 51. However, the cutter bit 40 may be fixed to the bit mounting piece 50 with two bolts oriented in the front-rear direction.

The operation of the cutter head 2 described above will be described. When the shield excavator 1 excavates the tunnel while rotating the cutter head 2, the rotation direction of the cutter head 2 is switched every time the excavation advances by one ring equal to the length of the segment 15. Here, as shown in FIG. 7, when the cutter head 2 rotates clockwise, for example, the excavation resistance acts on the cutter bit 40a on the leading side in the rotation direction of each cutter spoke 21, so that the spoke movable member 42 Rotating around the center 56 toward the trailing side in the rotational direction,
8 comes into contact with the edge of the opening 44 and is rotated to the predetermined angle θ.

As a result, the cutter bit 40a on the leading side in the rotating direction is located ahead of the cutter bit 40b on the trailing side in the rotating direction by a distance D, and only the cutter bit 40a on the leading side in the rotating direction is on the excavation surface F. Drilling is performed, and the cutter bit 40b on the trailing side in the rotation direction is maintained at a position separated from the excavation surface F. The predetermined angle θ is, for example, a cutting amount α during excavation (generally, α = 7 to 20 mm) and an interval D in the rotational direction between the cutter bit 40a on the rotational direction leading side and the cutter bit 40b on the rotational direction trailing side. Although it is set appropriately based on the excavation, the excavation direction interval D between the cutter bit 40a on the rotational direction leading side and the cutter bit 40b on the rotational direction trailing side during excavation is substantially the same as the cut amount α during excavation. If the angle is appropriate, the cutter bit 40b on the trailing side in the rotation direction is reliably separated from the excavation surface F.

When the direction of rotation of the cutter head 2 is switched, the spoke movable member 42 of each cutter spoke 21 is switched to the neutral position by the urging force of the leaf spring 47 once immediately after the switching. Then, the spoke movable member 42 of each cutter spoke 21 rotates toward the trailing side in the rotating direction after the switching, and only the cutter bit 40b on the leading side in the rotating direction cuts into the digging surface F to perform digging. The cutter bit 40a on the side holds the position separated from the excavation surface F.

As described above, when the tunnel is excavated, the cutter bit 40 on the trailing side in the rotational direction always keeps a position separated from the excavation surface F. Excavation resistance is reduced by the amount of no contact, so the required torque for excavation is reduced, and the excavation ability is enhanced. That is, it is possible to increase the excavation speed and reduce power consumption. Also,
In the newly manufactured shield machine 1, the cutter drive motor 10 can be reduced in size. Moreover, to the extent that the cutter bits 40 on the trailing side in the rotation direction do not come into contact with the excavation surface F, the cutter bits 40 are less likely to be worn, the life is improved, and the excavation speed is increased.
Therefore, the excavating ability of the shield machine 1 can be enhanced, the power cost and the running cost can be reduced, and the equipment cost is also advantageous.

On the other hand, since the spoke movable member 42 is connected to the spoke body 41 via the ring mechanism 45, the curvature of the guide surface 43a and the guided surface 42a can be reduced, so that the rotational performance of the spoke movable member 42 can be reduced. It is also advantageous in terms of aspects. In addition, since the spoke movable member 42 is provided with the leaf spring 47 for returning to the neutral position, the spoke movable member 42 immediately returns to the neutral position immediately after the rotation direction of the cutter head 2 is switched, and the cutter bit 40 on the leading side in the rotational direction. The time until the digging into the excavation surface F is shortened. However, the leaf spring 47 is not essential and the leaf spring 4
Even when the cutter head 7 is not provided, after the rotation direction of the cutter head 2 is switched, the excavation resistance acts on the cutter bit 40 on the rotation direction leading side, the spoke movable member 42 rotates, and only the cutter bit 40 on the rotation direction leading side. Will dig into the excavation surface F.

Next, a modified embodiment in which the above-described embodiment is partially modified will be described. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, in each cutter spoke 21A, a spoke body 41A is provided.
The front end wall 60 fixed to the front end is formed in an arc-shaped cross section centering on the axis 57. On this front end wall 60,
An opening 61 is formed, and a front surface thereof is formed on a partially cylindrical guide surface 60a that projects forward and is centered on an axis 57. On the other hand, the spoke movable member 62 is also
Is formed in an arcuate cross-section centered on the guide surface 60a, and the rear end of the spoke movable member 62 slides against the guide surface 60a.
2a.

In each link mechanism 45A, the link 6
5 is connected to a connection fitting 49 fixed to the rear wall 41a of the spoke body 41A by a pin 49a so as to be rotatable, and the link 65 is connected to the opening 6 of the front end wall 60.
1 and extends through the spoke movable member 62.
Is fixed to the rear end. That is, the spoke movable member 6
Numeral 2 is reciprocally connected to a predetermined angle (for example, about 10 to 20 degrees) from a neutral position to both sides around an axis 57 via a plurality of link mechanisms 45A. With such a structure of the cutter head, the link mechanism 45A can be simplified, and the same operation and effect as in the above-described embodiment can be obtained.

[0027]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, as described above, when digging while switching the direction of rotation of the cutter head every time digging for a predetermined length, the rotation of each cutter spoke of the cutter head is performed. Since the cutter bit on the directional leading side cuts into the digging surface and the cutter bit on the rotating trailing side keeps the position away from the digging surface, drilling is performed to the extent that the cutter bit on the rotating trailing side does not contact the digging surface. Since the resistance is reduced, the digging ability is increased, the digging speed is improved, or the power consumption of the head drive motor is reduced. Alternatively, the size of the head drive motor can be reduced. In addition, since the cutter bits on the trailing side in the rotation direction are less likely to be worn, their life is greatly improved, and the running cost for the cutter bits can be reduced.

[0028] A portion forms part cylindrical surface of the guide surface on the side surfaces, the front end surface of the spoke main body of each cutter spokes, to guide in sliding contact with the guided surface of the spoke movable member after each spoke movable member Since the cylindrical guide surface is formed, the contact area between the guided surface and the guide surface is increased, the durability is excellent, and it is possible to prevent the earth and sand or muddy water from entering the spoke body.

[0029] Moreover, it is possible to increase the mobility of death pork movable member coupled to the spoke body spoke movable member in each cutter spoke through a link mechanism.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the same effect as that of the first aspect of the invention is obtained, but each cutter spoke is provided with a biasing means for biasing the movable spoke member to the neutral position with respect to the spoke body. When the rotation direction of the cutter head is switched, the spoke movable member that is biased by the biasing force of the biasing means immediately returns to the neutral position, and the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotation direction in the switched rotation direction. Can easily penetrate the excavated surface immediately.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shield machine having a cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a cutter bit attached to a center frame.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an operation explanatory view of the cutter bit of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a cutter spoke to which a cutter bit is attached.

FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory view of the cutter bit of FIG. 6;

8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cutter spokes of the change form.

FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory view of the cutter bit of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a front view of a shield machine according to the related art .

FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 10;

[Explanation of symbols]

 F Excavation surface 1 Shield excavator 2 Cutter head 3 Front trunk 21, 21A Cutter spoke 30, 40 Cutter bit 41, 41A Spoke body 42, 62 Spoke movable member 42a, 62a Guided surface 43a, 60a Guide surface 45, 45A Link Mechanism 47 leaf spring (biasing means)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-54-60732 (JP, A) JP-A-7-76991 (JP, A) JP-A-56-163195 (JP, U) JP-A-4-76195 105194 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 9/08

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cutter head having a plurality of cutter spokes rotatably mounted on a front end portion of a front barrel of a shield machine and each having a plurality of cutter bits mounted thereon, wherein each of the cutter spokes includes a spoke body. A spoke movable member attached to the spoke body so as to be able to reciprocate at a predetermined angle around an axis parallel to the spoke body, and a spoke movable member to which a plurality of cutter bits are attached; and a rear side surface of each of the spoke movable members. Partial cylindrical surface draft
While forming the inner surface, the front end face of each spoke body
Partial cylinder that slides and guides the guided surface of the movable pork member
A planar guide surface is formed, and a spoke movable member in each of the cutter spokes is reduced.
When the cutter body is connected to the spoke body via a link mechanism and excavates while rotating the cutter head and excavates while switching the rotation direction every time when excavating for a predetermined length, the rotation of the spoke movable member with respect to the spoke body at each cutter spoke. Through, the cutter bit on the leading side in the rotation direction of the cutter head bites into the digging surface,
A cutter head for a shield machine, wherein a cutter bit on a trailing side in a rotation direction is configured to be separated from an excavation surface. 2. A cutter head for a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein each of said cutter spokes is provided with biasing means for biasing said movable spoke member to a neutral position with respect to said spoke body. .