JP3815976B2 - Blood filter and blood collector - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a blood filter for collecting serum components in blood and a blood collector using the filter.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various means have been developed as means for filtering blood and collecting serum components thereof. For example, 1) Japanese Patent No. 3015854 discloses a blood collection device using a membrane filter that captures blood cell components and allows only plasma components to pass therethrough, and 2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-180876 discloses A method is disclosed in which blood is passed through a filter made of ultrafine fibers, and the serum component is separated from the blood using the difference between the blood cell component moving speed and the serum component moving speed in the filter.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The filter disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3015854 captures blood cell components and interrupts the circulation thereof, so that the blood cell components are clogged in a relatively short time if the filtration area is small. . In other words, in order to perform a sufficient amount of filtration, the filtration area is increased by increasing the size of the filter itself or by arranging the filter in a V shape or a cylindrical shape as shown in the above publication. A device to earn is required, and it is difficult to reduce the size and the structure of the filter.
[0004]
On the other hand, the filter disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-180876 is composed of a fibrous body and does not completely block the blood cell component but allows the blood cell component to pass behind the serum component. However, when blood is introduced for a relatively long period of time after blood introduction, blood cell components flow out in addition to serum components, so the recovery timing of serum components is difficult and high separation accuracy is obtained. There is a drawback that it is difficult to be done.
[0005]
In addition, in the said patent 3015854 publication gazette, the technique which prevents clogging of a blood cell by using what laminated | stacked several types of porous bodies so that a hole diameter may become small as it goes downstream from an upstream side. However, the structure in which a plurality of types of porous bodies are laminated in this manner is complicated and tends to be expensive. It is also difficult to set the pore diameter of each porous body.
[0006]
Therefore, the present inventors have a first filter that is made of a fibrous body and has a property of allowing the serum component in the flowing blood to permeate at a higher speed than the blood cell component, and allows only the serum component to permeate and does not permeate the blood cell component. The second filter made of a porous membrane was arranged in series, and it was conceived to collect serum components that passed through the second filter by flowing blood in the order of the first filter and the second filter. The second filter made of a porous membrane is weak against external force and may break when a strong compressive force is applied and lose the filtration function.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is a blood filter for separating and collecting at least a serum component in blood from a blood cell component, comprising a fibrous body, and flowing into blood A first filter having the property of allowing the serum component to pass through at a higher rate than the blood cell component, a membrane-like second filter having the property of allowing the serum component to permeate but not the blood cell component, and the first filter A retainer that holds the second filter in series, and has a blood introduction part for introducing blood into the first filter and a discharge part that discharges serum components that have passed through the second filter. The retainer main body filled with the first filter, the second filter being held between the upstream side and the downstream side, and an upstream portion of the filter. And downstream Portion and a filter holding member having a circulation unit for circulating the blood, the filter holding member is one that is fixed to the holder body in a state of close contact with the first filter.
[0008]
In this configuration, in the first filter into which blood is first introduced, there is a difference between the permeation rate of the serum component and the permeation rate of the blood cell component. Therefore, at the initial stage of blood collection, the serum component is first removed from the first filter. It flows out and passes through the second filter as it is. Therefore, serum components not mixed with blood cell components can be collected from the second filter.
[0009]
Thereafter, the blood cell component begins to flow out from the first filter with a delay, but since this blood cell component is captured by the second filter and cannot pass through the filter, the blood cell component is mixed into the serum component in the blood collection unit. The separation accuracy is kept high. When the time further elapses, clogging due to the blood cell component occurs in the second filter, but since the serum component has already been sufficiently collected at that time, there is no problem even if the clogging occurs.
[0010]
Further, the retainer retains the second filter in a state of being sandwiched from the upstream side and the downstream side, and has a circulation part that circulates blood in the upstream part and the downstream part of the filter. Since the member is included, it is possible to ensure a good filtration function while effectively protecting the second filter having a disadvantageous strength.
[0011]
The second filter only needs to have a property of transmitting at least a serum component and not a blood cell component, and other components may be transmitted or not transmitted. For example, not only a serum component but also a plasma component may be permeated.
[0012]
Even if the first filter and the filter holding member are in close contact with each other, the second filter is effectively protected by the filter holding member. For example, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the first filter is filled in a compressed state in a space surrounded by a cage body and a filter holding member fixed in the cage. Both filters can be accommodated in the cage in a compact state while the second filter is effectively protected by the filter holding member.
[0013]
In the present invention, as described above, sufficient serum components can be collected before the second filter is clogged, so there is no need to increase the filtration area of the second filter, For example, it may be held in the filter holding member in a flat state, whereby the overall size of the filter can be reduced and the structure can be simplified.
[0014]
In this case, the filter holding member holds only the peripheral portion of the second filter, and a gap is secured between the front and back surfaces of the second filter excluding the peripheral portion and the filter holding member. With such a configuration, the strength burden of the second filter can be greatly reduced, and the lifetime can be maintained long.
[0015]
The present invention also includes the blood filter and a blood collection unit that is detachably connected to the discharge unit of the retainer, and the blood introduction unit of the retainer is formed in the retainer. The stopper is configured such that a stopper through which a blood collection needle can be inserted is installed so as to block the opening in an airtight state, and a negative pressure can be formed inside the blood collection unit and the retainer. It is what has been.
[0016]
According to this blood collection device, for example, blood can be collected and separated efficiently in the following manner.
[0017]
(1) Depressurize the inside of the cage and the blood collection part by inserting a suction tube into the stopper of the cage. Note that this decompression may be performed at a stage prior to circulation of the blood collection device. That is, the blood collection device may be provided after the manufacturer depressurizes the inside of the tube. That is, the present invention can be provided as a blood collection device in which a negative pressure is formed inside the retainer and the blood collection unit in a state where the blood collection unit is connected to the retainer.
[0018]
(2) With one end of a blood collection needle pierced into a blood vessel, the other end of the needle is inserted through a stopper. At this time, blood automatically flows into the upstream pipe due to the negative pressure in the cage. Furthermore, when the stopper is opened and atmospheric pressure is introduced into the cage, a differential pressure is generated between the upstream side and the downstream side of the two filters, and the differential pressure causes the blood to pass through the first filter and the second filter. The serum component filtered through the second filter and permeated through the second filter flows into the blood collection part from the discharge part of the cage and is stored.
[0019]
(3) After the separation is completed, the blood collection part is separated from the cage. This blood collection unit can be used as it is for a test tube as it is, for example.
[0020]
Here, as a structure that allows the blood collection part to be attached to and detached from the retainer, for example, a screw part that engages with the retainer and the blood collection part may be formed, but it opens in one direction. A recovery container, and a rubber stopper attached to the opening of the recovery container so as to close the opening. The discharge part of the blood filter penetrates the rubber stopper of the blood recovery part and enters the recovery container. If it has a configuration having an intruding needle-like tube portion, the inside of the collection container and the cage can be communicated with each other while maintaining a sealed state simply by inserting the needle-like tube portion into the rubber stopper and penetrating it. .
[0021]
Furthermore, by forming the needle tube portion integrally with the filter holding member, the number of parts can be reduced and the structure can be further simplified.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0023]
The illustrated blood sampler is constituted by a blood filter F and a blood collection unit C.
[0024]
The blood collection unit C includes a collection tube (collection container) 10 and a rubber plug 12. The collection tube 10 has a test tube shape that opens only in one direction. The rubber plug 12 has a small-diameter portion 14 slightly larger in diameter than the opening of the recovery tube 10 and a larger diameter than the small-diameter portion 14, and slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the large-diameter portion 24 in the main body tube 20 described later. The large-diameter portion 16 is integrally formed with the large-diameter portion 16, and the small-diameter portion 14 is press-fitted into the opening of the recovery pipe 10 to close the opening in an airtight state. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the axial center portion of the rubber plug 12 is formed with a thin portion 18 thinner than the other portions by cutting out the upper and lower ends thereof.
[0025]
The blood filter F has a main body tube 20 that is open at both ends. An upstream portion (upper side in FIG. 1) of the main body pipe 20 in the filtration direction is a small diameter portion 22, and a downstream portion is a large diameter portion 24 into which the large diameter portion 16 of the rubber plug 12 can be press-fitted. 22 and the large diameter portion 24 are partitioned by the inner wall 26. A through hole 27 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is provided in the inner wall 26, and blood can flow from the small diameter portion 22 to the large diameter portion 24 through the through hole 27.
[0026]
The upstream opening (small diameter portion side opening) of the main body tube 20 is closed by a plug 28. Similarly to the rubber plug 12, the plug 28 is integrally formed of rubber, and its axial center portion is a thin-walled portion 29 that is thinner than the other portions, and is pressed into the opening to thereby open the opening. It is closed in an airtight state.
[0027]
A first filter 31 and a second filter 32 are accommodated in the large-diameter portion 24 in order from the side closer to the inner wall 26 (that is, the upstream side).
[0028]
The first filter 31 is an aggregate of a large number of small-diameter fibers, and is configured, for example, by loading a nonwoven fabric into the large-diameter portion 24 in a compressed state. The fiber diameter and degree of compression (density) may be set so as to obtain a property that allows blood cell components to pass behind the serum component as described later. For example, a nonwoven fabric with a fiber diameter of 1.8 μm has a density of 0.35 g. It has been experimentally confirmed that the above properties can be obtained by using a product compressed to / cm ² . In addition, it is possible to use the filter disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-180876 as it is.
[0029]
The second filter 32 may be any filter as long as it has a property of allowing the serum component in the blood to pass therethrough and not allowing the blood cell component to pass through. As a specific example, a general filtration membrane (membrane filter) may be used, and blood cells may be captured using the function of the molecular sieve, or an anti-hemocyte antibody is contained in a normal filter paper having a large pore size. The blood cell component may be captured using specific binding between the antibody and blood cells. In addition, a porous body or the like that can prevent passage of blood cell components can be applied.
[0030]
The second filter 32 has a flat film shape in the illustrated example, and is held in a state of being sandwiched from both sides by a filter holding member 38. The filter holding member 38 is integrated into the large-diameter portion 24, and the filter holding member 38 and the main body tube 20 constitute a holder for the blood filter F. That is, the main body tube 20 constitutes the main body of the cage.
[0031]
The filter holding member 38 includes a main body 34 and a filter cover 36.
[0032]
The main body portion 34 has a tray shape having a recess opening on the first filter 31 side (upstream side), and the second filter 32 is laid on the bottom thereof. Specifically, a concave portion 43 that is slightly lower than the peripheral portion is formed in the central portion of the main body portion 34, and the depth of the concave portion 43 is between the bottom surface of the main body portion 34 and the lower surface of the central portion of the second filter 32. A minute gap is secured.
[0033]
The filter cover 36 is attached to the concave portion of the main body 34 so as to cover the second filter 32 laid on the main body 34 from the upstream side. A plurality of through holes 44 (FIGS. 2 and 4) penetrating in the direction are formed. Step portions 46 and 48 that contact each other in the axial direction are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the filter cover 36 and the inner peripheral portion of the concave portion of the main body portion 34, respectively. And the central part of the second filter 32 are prevented from coming into direct contact. That is, a gap is secured between the filter cover 36 and the upper surface of the second filter 32.
[0034]
In addition, the specific means for fixing the 2nd filter 32 to this filter holding member 38 is not ask | required. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), after the second filter 32 is laid on the main body 34, a filter holder 35 that confines the peripheral edge thereof may be secondarily formed on the main body 34. In addition, a ridge 49 for ultrasonic welding is formed on the lower surface of the filter cover 36 (the surface facing the second filter 32) shown in FIG. The part may be fixed.
[0035]
In any case, only the peripheral edge portion of the second filter 32 is sandwiched by the filter holding member 38, and a gap is secured between the other filter portion (center portion) and the main body portion 34 and the filter cover 36. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the strength burden of the second filter 32 and to ensure its good filtration function.
[0036]
A needle-like tube portion 40 extends downstream from the main body portion 34. The needle-like tube portion 40 has a through-hole 42 in its axial center and has a sharp needle shape at the tip. The downstream side surface of the second filter 32 communicates with the outside through the through hole 42 of the needle-like tube portion 40.
[0037]
Next, the assembly procedure and usage procedure of this blood collection device will be described.
[0038]
(1) The second filter 32 is incorporated in the filter holding member 38. On the other hand, stoppers 12 and 28 are fitted to the recovery pipe 10 and the main body pipe 20, respectively.
[0039]
(2) As shown in FIG. 6, the fibrous body constituting the first filter 31 is first placed in the large diameter portion 24 of the main body tube 20, and then the filter holding member 38 is pushed in to compress the fibrous body. Then, the holding member 38 is pushed to a position where the filter holding member 38 gets over the protrusion 23 formed in advance on the inner surface of the large diameter portion 24. In a state where the pushing is completed, the filter holding member 38 is locked to the protrusion 23 and fixed in the main body tube 20.
[0040]
(3) The large-diameter portion 16 of the rubber plug 12 attached to the recovery tube 10 is press-fitted into the large-diameter portion 24 of the main body tube 20, and the needle-shaped filter holding member 38 is inserted into the thin-walled portion 18 of the rubber plug 12 from the outside. The pipe part 40 is pierced and the thin part 18 is penetrated. Thereby, the rubber plug 12 closes the opening of the large diameter portion 24 in an airtight state, and the needle-like tube portion 40 communicates the inside of the collection tube 10 and the inside of the filter holding member 38 through the through hole 42.
[0041]
(4) A suction tube, for example, is pierced into the stopper 28 of the main body tube 20 so as to reach the inside of the collection tube 10, and the air in the main body tube 20 and further the collection tube 10 is sucked to reduce the internal space of the entire blood collection device. Pressure. The specific pressure value may be appropriately set according to the specifications of the blood collection device. This decompression may be performed on the manufacturer side before the blood collection device is distributed, or may be performed by a user who has received the blood collection device. Alternatively, a negative pressure may be set only in the recovery tube 10 in advance, and the main tube 20 side may also be set to a negative pressure when the needle-like tube portion 40 is pierced therewith.
[0042]
(5) <Blood collection> The tip (upper end in the figure) of a blood collection needle 50 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Pierce it and let it penetrate. At that time, the blood collecting needle 50 is fixed to the cap 52 as shown by the two-dot chain line in advance, and the cap 52 is attached to the small diameter portion 22 of the main body tube 20 so that the blood collecting needle 50 is attached to the stopper 28. If the thin-walled portion 29 is penetrated, blood collection work becomes easier.
[0043]
By such penetration of the blood collection needle 50, the blood in the blood vessel of the subject is drawn into the small diameter portion 22 of the main tube 20 by the action of the negative pressure in the main body tube 20. Furthermore, when the plug 28 is opened (for example, the plug 28 is removed from the main body pipe 20) and the atmospheric pressure is introduced into the main body pipe 20, the pressure in the small diameter portion 22 becomes higher than the pressure in the recovery pipe 10 accordingly. Therefore, the blood tends to flow from the through hole 27 of the inner wall 26 into the recovery tube 10 through the first filter 32 and the second filter 34 in the filter holding member 38 due to the differential pressure.
[0044]
Here, in the first filter 32, since there is a difference between the permeation rate of the serum component and the permeation rate of the blood cell component, only the serum component first flows out from the first filter 31 at the initial stage of blood collection. . This serum component passes through the through hole 44 of the filter cover 36 and further passes through the second filter 32 and flows into the collection tube 10 from the through hole 42 of the needle tube 40 and is stored.
[0045]
Thereafter, the blood cell component begins to flow out from the first filter with a delay, but since this blood cell component is captured by the second filter 32 and cannot pass through the filter 32, the blood cell component does not pass through the serum in the blood collection unit 10. Mixing into the components is prevented, and the separation accuracy is kept high. When the time further elapses, clogging due to the blood cell component occurs in the second filter 32, but since the serum component is sufficiently recovered in the recovery tube 10 at that time, even if the clogging occurs, anything will occur. There is no hindrance.
[0046]
In the present invention, it does not matter whether components other than the blood cell component and serum component are captured by a filter. For example, fibrinogen that does not belong to either the blood cell component or the serum component adheres to the fibers constituting the first filter 31 in this embodiment, and therefore hardly mixes with the serum component in the collection tube 10.
[0047]
{Circle around (6)} After the collection of the serum component into the collection tube 10 is completed as described above, the blood collection part C may be removed from the main body tube 20 and the stopper 12 may be removed. Since serum components are collected in the collection tube 10, the collection tube 10 can be used as a test tube for inspection.
[0048]
A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the above-described embodiment, the needle-like tube portion 40 is formed integrally with the filter holding member 38, but here, a blood collection tubular needle 54 with a cap 56 is used as the needle-like tube portion.
[0049]
Specifically, the downstream side of the large diameter portion 24 of the main body tube 20 is closed except for the small diameter tube 25, and both filters 31 and 32 are confined in the large diameter portion 24. The film-like second filter 32 is sandwiched and protected from both sides by a saw-like filter holding member 39 (having liquid permeability). And the discharge part is comprised by attaching the cap 56 of the said tubular needle 54 to the said small diameter pipe | tube 25. As shown in FIG. Further, a safety hood 24 a that covers the tubular needle 54 from the radially outer side is formed at the downstream end of the large diameter portion 24. The hood 24a can be omitted as appropriate.
[0050]
Also in this blood collecting device, the tubular tube 54 is inserted into the rubber plug 12 while the rubber plug 12 of the collection tube 10 is inserted into the hood 24 a, so that the inside of the collection tube 10 is inside the main body tube 20 through the tubular needle 54. The blood can be collected in the same manner as described above.
[0051]
In the present invention, the recovery tube 10 and the main body tube 20 are connected by the combination of the needle-like tube portion and the rubber plug as described above, and, for example, a screw portion that is screwed to the main body tube 20 and the recovery tube 10 is formed. Even if it does, it is possible to connect the collection | recovery pipe | tube 10 to the main body pipe | tube 20 in an airtight state.
[0052]
Further, in the present invention, the main body tube 20 and the recovery tube 10 shown in FIG. 1 are integrated, and after recovering the serum component, the portion downstream of the second filter 32 is cut to extract the recovered serum component. It may be. Also in this case, the needle-like tube portion and the stopper 12 are not necessary, and the downstream side surface of the second filter 32 corresponds to the “discharge portion” of the blood filter according to the present invention as it is.
[0053]
A third embodiment is shown in FIG. In the above-described embodiment, the blood filter F is integrally incorporated in the blood collection device. However, in this third embodiment, the blood filter F is made independent and the blood collected by the syringe 70 is subjected to blood filtration again. It is made to filter with the apparatus F.
[0054]
Specifically, the holding tube (retainer body) 60 of the blood filter F includes a first filter storage portion 61 that stores the first filter 31, a second filter 32, and a filter holding member 39 that sandwiches the second filter 32. A second filter storage section 62 for storing the storage section, a communication pipe section 64 connecting the storage sections 61, 62, a discharge pipe section 66 provided on the downstream side of the second filter storage section 62, and a first filter And a blood introduction tube portion 68 provided on the upstream side of the storage portion 61. Then, the cap 56 of the tubular needle 54 is attached to the discharge tube portion 66, and the distal end portion of the cylinder 72 is fitted into the blood introduction tube portion 68 with the injection needle removed from the cylinder 72 of the syringe 70. It can be done.
[0055]
Even in such a configuration, after blood is collected by the syringe 70, the distal end portion of the cylinder 72 of the syringe 70 is fitted into the blood introduction pipe portion 68 of the retainer 60, while the blood collection portion C has a negative pressure inside. When the needle 54 is pierced into the stopper 12 of FIG. 7 and the inside of the holder 60 is also made a negative pressure, the negative pressure causes the blood in the syringe 70 to be filtered by the filters 61 and 62 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. It can be filtered and can be collected in the blood collection part C through the blood introduction pipe part 68. In addition to using the negative pressure in this way, it is also possible to send blood in the syringe 70 into the blood filter F by operating the piston 74 of the syringe 70.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention provides the first filter having the property that there is a difference between the permeation rate of the serum component and the permeation rate of the blood cell component, and the second filter having the property of allowing the serum component to permeate but not the blood cell component to permeate. Since the filter is held in series in the cage and the serum component that has passed through the second filter is collected, it is easy even without particularly increasing the filtration area of the second filter. With a simple configuration, a sufficient amount of serum components can be separated and recovered with high accuracy. In addition, since the film-like second filter is incorporated in the cage body while being held in the filter holding member, even if the filter holding member is in close contact with the first filter, the second filter is not provided. The second filter can be effectively protected, and the second filter can be prevented from being crushed and the good filtration function can be secured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view of a blood collection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional front view showing a main part of the blood collection device.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
4A is a plan view of a filter cover of a filter holding member provided in the blood collection device, and FIG. 4B is a partial cross-sectional front view thereof.
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which a second filter is fixed by subjecting the main body of the filter holding member to secondary molding, and FIG. 5B is an ultrasonic welding protrusion formed. It is a partial cross section front view which shows the example of a filter cover.
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing a step of loading a filter into the main body tube of the blood collector.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional front view of a blood collecting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional front view of a blood filter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
F Blood filter C Blood collection part 10 Collection tube (collection container)
12 Rubber plug 20 Body tube (contains cage)
28 Plug 31 First filter 32 Second filter 38, 39 Filter holding member 40 Needle tube portion 54 Tubular needle (needle tube portion)
60 Retaining tube (main body of retainer)

Claims (9)

A blood filter for separating and collecting at least a serum component in blood from a blood cell component, comprising a fibrous body, and having a property of allowing the serum component in flowing blood to permeate at a higher rate than the blood cell component. 1 filter, a membrane-like second filter having the property of allowing the serum component to permeate but not the blood cell component, and holding the first filter and the second filter in series, and the first filter And a holder having a blood introduction part for introducing blood into the filter and a discharge part for discharging the serum component that has passed through the second filter, the holder being filled with the first filter. And a filter holding member having a circulation part for holding the main body and the second filter sandwiched from the upstream side and the downstream side, and for circulating blood in the upstream part and the downstream part of the filter Have a, the filter holding member, hemofilter, characterized in that it is fixed to the holder body in a state of close contact with the first filter. 2. The blood filter according to claim 1, wherein the second filter has a property of transmitting a plasma component. The blood filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first filter is filled in a compressed state in a space surrounded by the holder body and a filter holding member fixed in the holder. A blood filter characterized by. The blood filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second filter is held in the filter holding member in a flat state. The blood filter according to claim 4, wherein the filter holding member sandwiches only the peripheral edge of the second filter, and the front and back surfaces of the second filter excluding the peripheral edge and the filter holding member. A blood filter characterized in that a gap is secured between them. The blood filter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and a blood recovery unit that is detachably connected to the discharge part of the retainer in an airtight state, the blood introduction part of the retainer being A stopper that allows a blood collection needle to be inserted into an opening formed in the cage is installed so as to block the opening in an airtight state, and a negative pressure can be formed inside the blood collection unit and the cage. It is comprised so that it may become. 7. The blood collection device according to claim 6, wherein a negative pressure is formed inside the retainer and the blood collection unit in a state where the blood collection unit is connected to the retainer. The blood collection device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the blood collection unit includes a collection container that opens in one direction, and a rubber stopper that is attached to the opening of the collection container so as to close the opening. The blood collection device has a needle-like tube portion that penetrates the rubber stopper of the blood collection portion and enters the collection container. The blood collecting device according to claim 8, wherein the needle-like tube portion is formed integrally with the filter holding member.

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