JP3813096B2

JP3813096B2 - Building air conditioning system

Info

Publication number: JP3813096B2
Application number: JP2002022724A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 中村　　聡
Original assignee: 東洋ビル管理株式会社
Priority date: 2002-01-31
Filing date: 2002-01-31
Publication date: 2006-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2022-01-31
Also published as: JP2003222378A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、熱負荷に応じて無駄のない冷暖房空調を行うビル空調システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来における一般的なビル空調システムは、冷房時は冷水を、暖房時は温水をそれぞれ冷却、加熱する熱源機と、各室に設置される空調機と、前記熱源機と各空調機との間を接続して冷水または温水を供給、循環させる冷温水供給管とからなっている。
【０００３】
このようなビル空調システムの運転に際しては、従来は、冷房時も暖房時も常に熱源機の出口冷温水の温度が一定の冷水温度（例えば７℃）または温水温度（例えば４５℃）となるようにし、この冷温水を循環させて冷暖房に利用している。そして、各室における温度調節は、各室内に設置された室温センサと設定温度の差によって空調機を制御することによって行っている。
【０００４】
熱源機の出口冷温水の温度設定は、ビルの熱負荷によって予め設定され、この水温の設定値を変更するには、操作員の判断により手動で変更するしか方法がなく、殆どのビルでは変更されていない。
【０００５】
このように、従来においては、熱源機の出口冷温水温度は、冷房または暖房時に一定に設定されていている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、ビルの冷房に使用する冷水温度が常に一定では、月によって変化する熱負荷や一日の内でも時刻によって変化する熱負荷に対応できず、必然的にビル内最大熱負荷を想定した冷水温度設定にしなければならなくなり、熱負荷の少ない時にも熱負荷の多い時と同じ温度の冷水で冷房している。また、暖房においても、ビル内最大熱負荷を想定した温水温度設定で加熱した水を使用しており、熱負荷の少ないときも熱負荷の多い時と同じ温度の温水で暖房している。
【０００７】
このような、冷暖房に必要以上の冷温水温度は、冷温水機の熱効率の低下や配管途中での放熱の増大、ファンコイルでの過冷房・過暖房等となる。
【０００８】
そこで本発明が解決しようとする課題は、熱負荷に応じて熱媒体である水の温度を制御して、エネルギー消費の無駄のない冷暖房空調を行うビル空調システムを提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するため、本発明のビル空調システムは、熱媒体を加熱または冷却する熱源機と、前記熱源機の出口熱媒体温度を計測する熱媒体温度センサと、室温を計測する室温センサと、前記室温センサで計測された室温が第１設定温度となるように室温を制御する空調機と、前記熱媒体温度センサで計測された熱媒体の温度が暖房用または冷房用の温度になるように当該熱媒体を加熱または冷却する熱源機温度制御手段とを備え、軽負荷時には、前記熱源機温度制御手段により、前記熱源機の出口における熱媒体の温度を前記第１設定温度を基準として可変するようにしたものである。
【００１０】
空調機が複数設置される場合は、任意の部屋の室温を基準として前記熱源機の制御を行うようにすることができる。
【００１１】
また、本発明の他のビル空調システムは、熱媒体を加熱または冷却する熱源機と、前記熱源機の出口熱媒体温度を計測する出口温度センサと、前記熱源機の入口熱媒体温度を計測する入口温度センサと、前記出口温度センサで計測された出口熱媒体温度が暖房用または冷房用の第３設定温度になるように当該熱媒体の温度を制御する熱源機温度制御装置とを備え、軽負荷時には、前記熱源機温度制御手段により、前記熱源機の出口における熱媒体の温度を前記第３設定温度を基準として可変するようにしたものである。
前記熱媒体としては、水を用いることができるが、他の熱媒体でもよい。
【００１２】
本発明においては、冷温水の熱源機出口温度を冷房時は空調機冷房設定温度が維持できる上限に、暖房時は空調機暖房設定温度が維持できる下限に可変制御する。冷水の熱源出口温度を空調機冷房設定温度が維持できる上限に可変制御すれば、従来のように一定温度の冷水で冷房する場合と比較して、ビル内空調熱負荷が低い場合には、冷温水機の熱効率の低下や、冷水配管と配管周囲空気温度の温度差による配管途中での放熱の増大、ファンコイルでの過冷房等を減少させ省エネを図ることができる。また、暖房においても、一定温度の温水で暖房する場合と比較して、ビル内空調熱負荷が低い場合の省エネを図ることができる。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面を用いて説明する。なお、以下の実施の形態では、熱媒体として、安全で取り扱いやすく、経済的な水を使用する例を挙げる。
【００１４】
＜第１実施形態＞
図１は本発明の第１実施形態を示すブロック図である。
本第１実施形態のビル空調システムは、熱媒体である水を加熱または冷却する熱源機１と、熱源機１の出口冷温水温度を計測する出口温度センサ２と、出口温度センサ２で計測された冷温水の温度が暖房用または冷房用の第２温度になるように冷温水を加熱または冷却する熱源機温度制御機３と、室温を計測する室温センサ４と、室温センサ４で計測された室温が第１設定温度となるように室温を制御する空調機５とを備えている。冷温水は、配管６により熱源機１と空調機５の間を接続されており、循環ポンプ７によって循環される。空調機５には、熱交換機８とファン９が設けられており、室内に冷温風を送るようになっている。
【００１５】
熱源機温度制御機３では、第１設定温度と室温センサ４で計測された室温とを比較し、その温度差に応じて熱源機１の出口における冷温水の温度（第２温度）を可変する。
【００１６】
具体例を表１及び表２に示す。表１は、従来と本実施形態における熱源機出口における冷房時の水温の例を示す。また表２は、従来と本実施形態における熱源機出口における暖房時の水温の例を示す。
【００１７】
【表１】

【００１８】
【表２】

【００１９】
以上のように、冷房時には軽負荷時に熱源機の出口水温を高くし、暖房時には軽負荷時に熱源機の出口水温を下げることにより、大幅なエネルギー削減が可能となる。
【００２０】
なお、空調機５が複数設置される場合は、任意の部屋、例えば熱負荷が最大の部屋の室温を基準として熱源機１の制御を行うようにする。
【００２１】
＜第２実施形態＞
図２は本発明の第２実施形態を示すブロック図である。
本第２実施形態のビル空調システムは、熱媒体を加熱または冷却する熱源機１０（Ａ〜Ｃ）と、熱源機１０の出口に設けた往ヘッダ１２における冷温水温度を計測する出口温度センサ１３と、熱源機１０の入口に設けた還ヘッダ１４における冷温水温度を計測する入口温度センサ１５と、出口温度センサ１３で計測された出口冷温水温度が暖房用または冷房用の第３設定温度になるように冷温水の温度を制御する熱源機温度制御装置１７とを備えている。図中１１（Ａ〜Ｃ）は循環ポンプ、１６は配管である。
【００２２】
なお、往ヘッダ１２及び還ヘッダ１４は熱源機１０が複数の場合に設けられるものであり、熱源機１０が単数の場合には不要である。
【００２３】
本実施形態においては、熱源機温度制御装置１７により、出口温度センサ１３で計測された冷温水の温度と入口温度センサ１５で計測された冷温水の温度とを比較し、その温度差に応じて熱源機１０Ａ〜１０Ｃの出口における冷温水の温度（第４温度）を第３設定温度を基準として可変するようにしたものである。
【００２４】
すなわち、冷房時には、還ヘッダ冷水温度が設定値より低いときは往ヘッダ温度が上がるように、還ヘッダ冷水温度が設定値より高いときは往ヘッダ温度が下がるように制御する。
【００２５】
同じように、暖房時には、還ヘッダ温水温度が設定値より低いときは往ヘッダ温度が上がるように、還ヘッダ温水温度が設定値より高いときは往ヘッダ温度が下がるように制御する。
【００２６】
具体例を表３及び表４に示す。表３は、従来と本実施形態における熱源機出口における冷房時の水温の例を示す。また表４は、従来と本実施形態における熱源機出口における暖房時の水温の例を示す。
【００２７】
【表３】

【００２８】
【表４】

【００２９】
以上のように、本実施形態においては、熱負荷の大小を往ヘッダの冷温水の温度と還ヘッダの冷温水温度との差で計測し、冷房時には軽負荷時に熱源機の出口水温を高くし、暖房時には軽負荷時に熱源機の出口水温を下げることにより、大幅なエネルギー削減が可能となる。
【００３０】
本発明の効果を試験するために、地域熱供給により冷暖房を行っている、空調延床面積約２０，０００ｍ^２の公共設備において、冷温水の熱源出口温度可変制御を実施して見た結果、従来のシステムにより制御では年間の空調熱使用量が９０００ＧＪ程度であったのに対し、本発明を実施した場合、５０００ＧＪ程になり、４４パーセントものエネルギー節減が確認できた。
【００３１】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、冷温水機の熱効率の低下や配管途中での放熱の増大、ファンコイルでの過冷房・過暖房等を減少させる省エネだけではなく、冷房時の冷水温度が従来よりも高くなることにより、空調機熱交換器での除湿量が減少しビル内空気湿度が低くなるのを防止すると同時に、除湿エネルギーの減少による省エネにも効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１実施形態を示すブロック図である。
【図２】本発明の第２実施形態を示すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
１熱源機
２出口温度センサ
３熱源機温度制御機
４室温センサ
５空調機
６配管
７循環ポンプ
８熱交換機
９ファン
１０Ａ〜１０Ｃ熱源機
１１Ａ〜１１Ｃ循環ポンプ
１２往ヘッダ
１３出口温度センサ
１４還ヘッダ
１５入口温度センサ
１６配管
１７熱源機温度制御装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building air conditioning system that performs air conditioning and air conditioning without waste according to a heat load.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional general building air conditioning system includes a heat source unit that cools and heats cold water during cooling and a hot water unit during heating, an air conditioner installed in each room, and a space between the heat source unit and each air conditioner. And a cold / hot water supply pipe for supplying and circulating cold water or hot water.
[0003]
In the operation of such a building air conditioning system, conventionally, the temperature of the outlet cold / warm water of the heat source unit is always a constant cold water temperature (for example, 7 ° C.) or warm water temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) during cooling and heating. The cold / hot water is circulated and used for air conditioning. And the temperature adjustment in each room is performed by controlling the air conditioner by the difference between the room temperature sensor installed in each room and the set temperature.
[0004]
The temperature setting of the outlet cold / warm water of the heat source unit is set in advance by the heat load of the building, and the only way to change this water temperature setting is to change it manually at the discretion of the operator. It has not been.
[0005]
Thus, conventionally, the outlet cold / hot water temperature of the heat source machine is set to be constant during cooling or heating.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if the temperature of the chilled water used for cooling the building is always constant, it cannot cope with the heat load that changes depending on the month or the heat load that changes depending on the time of day, and inevitably the chilled water that assumes the maximum heat load in the building. The temperature must be set, and even when the heat load is low, the air is cooled with cold water having the same temperature as when the heat load is high. In addition, in heating, water heated at a hot water temperature setting assuming the maximum heat load in the building is used, and heating is performed with hot water having the same temperature as when the heat load is large even when the heat load is small.
[0007]
Such a hot / cold water temperature more than necessary for cooling / heating results in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the cooling / heating machine, an increase in heat radiation in the middle of piping, supercooling / superheating in the fan coil, and the like.
[0008]
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a building air conditioning system that controls the temperature of water, which is a heat medium, according to a heat load and performs air conditioning and air conditioning without waste of energy consumption.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a building air conditioning system according to the present invention includes a heat source device that heats or cools a heat medium, a heat medium temperature sensor that measures an outlet heat medium temperature of the heat source device, and a room temperature sensor that measures a room temperature. An air conditioner that controls the room temperature so that the room temperature measured by the room temperature sensor becomes the first set temperature, and the temperature of the heat medium measured by the heat medium temperature sensor becomes a temperature for heating or cooling. And a heat source device temperature control means for heating or cooling the heat medium, and at the time of light load, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat source device is variable based on the first set temperature by the heat source device temperature control means. It is what you do.
[0010]
When a plurality of air conditioners are installed, the heat source device can be controlled based on the room temperature of an arbitrary room.
[0011]
In another building air conditioning system of the present invention, a heat source device that heats or cools the heat medium, an outlet temperature sensor that measures an outlet heat medium temperature of the heat source device, and an inlet heat medium temperature of the heat source device. An inlet temperature sensor and a heat source device temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the heat medium so that the outlet heat medium temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor becomes a third set temperature for heating or cooling. At the time of load, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat source device is varied based on the third set temperature by the heat source device temperature control means.
As the heat medium, water can be used, but other heat medium may be used.
[0012]
In the present invention, the temperature of the outlet of the heat source equipment for cold / hot water is variably controlled to the upper limit that can maintain the air conditioner cooling set temperature during cooling, and to the lower limit that can maintain the air conditioner heating set temperature during heating. If the heat source outlet temperature of the chilled water is variably controlled to the upper limit at which the air conditioner cooling set temperature can be maintained, when the air conditioning heat load in the building is low, the cooling temperature Energy saving can be achieved by reducing the heat efficiency of the water machine, increasing the heat radiation during the piping due to the temperature difference between the chilled water piping and the ambient air temperature of the piping, and reducing the overcooling in the fan coil. Moreover, also in heating, it is possible to save energy when the air conditioning heat load in the building is low as compared with the case of heating with hot water having a constant temperature.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiment, an example is given in which safe, easy to handle, and economical water is used as the heat medium.
[0014]
<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
The building air conditioning system according to the first embodiment is measured by a heat source device 1 that heats or cools water that is a heat medium, an outlet temperature sensor 2 that measures an outlet cold / hot water temperature of the heat source device 1, and an outlet temperature sensor 2. Measured by the heat source device temperature controller 3 for heating or cooling the cold / hot water so that the temperature of the cold / hot water becomes the second temperature for heating or cooling, the room temperature sensor 4 for measuring the room temperature, and the room temperature sensor 4 And an air conditioner 5 that controls the room temperature so that the room temperature becomes the first set temperature. The cold / hot water is connected between the heat source unit 1 and the air conditioner 5 by a pipe 6 and circulated by a circulation pump 7. The air conditioner 5 is provided with a heat exchanger 8 and a fan 9 so as to send cool and warm air into the room.
[0015]
In the heat source device temperature controller 3, the first set temperature is compared with the room temperature measured by the room temperature sensor 4, and the temperature of the cold / hot water at the outlet of the heat source device 1 (second temperature) is varied according to the temperature difference. .
[0016]
Specific examples are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows an example of the water temperature at the time of cooling at the outlet of the heat source device in the conventional and the present embodiment. Table 2 shows an example of the water temperature at the time of heating at the outlet of the heat source device in the conventional and the present embodiment.
[0017]
[Table 1]

[0018]
[Table 2]

[0019]
As described above, it is possible to significantly reduce energy by raising the outlet water temperature of the heat source unit at the time of light load during cooling and lowering the outlet water temperature of the heat source unit at the time of light load during heating.
[0020]
When a plurality of air conditioners 5 are installed, the heat source unit 1 is controlled based on the room temperature of an arbitrary room, for example, a room with the largest heat load.
[0021]
Second Embodiment
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
The building air conditioning system of the second embodiment includes a heat source device 10 (A to C) that heats or cools the heat medium, and an outlet temperature sensor 13 that measures the temperature of the chilled water in the forward header 12 provided at the outlet of the heat source device 10. And the inlet temperature sensor 15 for measuring the temperature of the cold / hot water in the return header 14 provided at the inlet of the heat source unit 10 and the temperature of the outlet cold / warm water measured by the outlet temperature sensor 13 becomes the third set temperature for heating or cooling. A heat source device temperature control device 17 for controlling the temperature of the cold / hot water is provided. In the figure, 11 (A to C) is a circulation pump, and 16 is a pipe.
[0022]
The forward header 12 and the return header 14 are provided when there are a plurality of heat source devices 10, and are not necessary when there is a single heat source device 10.
[0023]
In this embodiment, the temperature of the cold / hot water measured by the outlet temperature sensor 13 and the temperature of the cold / hot water measured by the inlet temperature sensor 15 are compared by the heat source device temperature control device 17, and according to the temperature difference. The temperature (fourth temperature) of the cold / hot water at the outlets of the heat source units 10A to 10C is made variable based on the third set temperature.
[0024]
That is, during cooling, control is performed so that the forward header temperature increases when the return header chilled water temperature is lower than the set value, and the forward header temperature decreases when the return header chilled water temperature is higher than the set value.
[0025]
Similarly, during heating, control is performed such that the forward header temperature increases when the return header hot water temperature is lower than the set value, and the forward header temperature decreases when the return header hot water temperature is higher than the set value.
[0026]
Specific examples are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Table 3 shows an example of the water temperature during cooling at the outlet of the heat source device in the conventional and the present embodiment. Table 4 shows an example of the water temperature at the time of heating at the outlet of the heat source machine in the conventional and the present embodiment.
[0027]
[Table 3]

[0028]
[Table 4]

[0029]
As described above, in this embodiment, the magnitude of the heat load is measured by the difference between the temperature of the cool / warm water of the forward header and the cool / warm water temperature of the return header, and during cooling, the outlet water temperature of the heat source unit is increased at light load. By reducing the outlet water temperature of the heat source unit at the time of light load at the time of heating, significant energy reduction becomes possible.
[0030]
In order to test the effect of the present invention, in a public facility having an air-conditioning total floor area of about 20,000 m ² , which is air-conditioned by district heat supply, the result of performing variable control of the heat source outlet temperature of cold / hot water, In the case of control by the conventional system, the annual air conditioning heat consumption was about 9000 GJ, but when the present invention was implemented, it was about 5000 GJ, and an energy saving of 44 percent was confirmed.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the cooling water temperature at the time of cooling is higher than the conventional one, as well as energy saving that decreases the thermal efficiency of the chiller / heater, increases the heat radiation in the middle of the piping, and reduces overcooling and overheating in the fan coil. As a result, the amount of dehumidification in the air conditioner heat exchanger is reduced and the air humidity in the building is prevented from being lowered, and at the same time, it is effective in saving energy by reducing the dehumidifying energy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat source machine 2 Outlet temperature sensor 3 Heat source machine temperature controller 4 Room temperature sensor 5 Air conditioner 6 Piping 7 Circulation pump 8 Heat exchanger 9 Fan 10A-10C Heat source machine 11A-11C Circulation pump 12 Out header 13 Outlet temperature sensor 14 Return header 15 Inlet temperature sensor 16 Pipe 17 Heat source machine temperature control device

Claims

A heat source machine for heating or cooling the heat medium;
A heat medium temperature sensor for measuring an outlet heat medium temperature of the heat source unit;
A room temperature sensor for measuring room temperature;
An air conditioner for controlling the room temperature so that the room temperature measured by the room temperature sensor becomes the first set temperature;
Heat source device temperature control means for heating or cooling the heat medium such that the temperature of the heat medium measured by the heat medium temperature sensor becomes a temperature for heating or cooling,
The heat source unit temperature control means compares the first set temperature with the room temperature measured by the room temperature sensor, determines the load weight based on the temperature difference, and when the temperature difference is small, the temperature difference building air conditioning system which, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat source apparatus, characterized in that as a difference between the first set temperature is varied so as to decrease depending on the.

The building air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of air conditioners are installed, the heat source unit is controlled based on a room temperature of an arbitrary room.

A heat source machine for heating or cooling the heat medium;
An outlet temperature sensor for measuring an outlet heat medium temperature of the heat source unit;
An inlet temperature sensor for measuring an inlet heat medium temperature of the heat source unit;
A heat source device temperature control device that controls the temperature of the heat medium such that the outlet heat medium temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor becomes the third set temperature for heating or cooling,
The heat source unit temperature control means compares the inlet heat medium temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet heat medium temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor, determines the load weight based on the temperature difference, and when the temperature difference is small light load, depending on the temperature difference, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat source apparatus, characterized in that as a difference between the third setting temperature is varied to be smaller Building air conditioning system.

The building air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat medium is water.