JP3115991B2 - Secondary system of district cooling and heating system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a secondary system of a district cooling and heating system for reducing costs by using demand control.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in a district heating and cooling (heat supply) system, a heat medium such as cold water, hot water or steam is produced in a heat supply plant and supplied to a heat consumer building in a limited area through a regional pipe. . The supplied heat medium is mainly used for cooling, cooling water is used for heating or hot water supply, and steam is used for heating.

FIG. 8 shows a conventional district heating / cooling system 101.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an outline of the configuration. District cooling and heating plant 103
Supplies cold water and steam as heat medium to buildings (customer buildings) 105a, 105b,... In addition to the district cooling / heating plant 103, there are a plant (not shown) for supplying hot water instead of steam, and a plant (not shown) for supplying hot water in addition to steam.

[0004] The regional piping of the district heating / cooling plant 103 comprises a chilled water pipe 107 and a steam pipe 109, each of which comprises a supply pipe (not shown) and a recovery pipe (not shown). Each of the buildings 105a, 105b,.
a, 111b,... are provided to receive the heat medium supplied by the regional pipes, supply the heat medium to the inside of each building, and use it.

[0005] In the building 105a, an air conditioner (air conditioner) 115 is provided in a room 113, and an air conditioner 119 is provided in a room 117.
And an FCU (fan coil unit) 121. When the air conditioner is used, the cold water flows through the cold water pipe 123 to the air conditioner 115, the external controller 119, and the FCU1.
21. When heating is used, the steam pipe 125
Through the air conditioner 115, the outside air conditioner 119 and F
It is supplied to the CU 121 and the like.

The air conditioner (air conditioner) 115 is
3 is a device that adjusts conditions such as temperature, humidity, air flow, dust, odor, toxic gas, bacteria, etc. inside the device 3. In addition to the outside air intake 127, a compressor, a motor, a condenser, a direct expansion coil, a humidifier, air It is composed of filters, blowers, heat exchangers, etc. The heat exchanger uses cold water through an extension of the cold water pipe 123 during cooling, and uses steam through an extension of the steam pipe 125 during heating.

The outside air conditioner (outside air conditioner) 119 is provided in the room 11
7 is a device for adjusting conditions such as temperature, humidity, air flow, dust, odor, toxic gas, bacteria, etc. of the outside air taken in through the outside air inlet 129, and includes a compressor, an electric motor, a condenser, a direct expansion coil, a humidifier, It consists of air filters, blowers, heat exchangers, etc. The FCU (fan coil unit) 121 is a device that adjusts conditions such as temperature, airflow, dust, odor, toxic gas, and bacteria in the room 117,
It is a small air conditioner with a built-in small blower, coil and air filter.

FIG. 9 shows a conventional district heating / cooling system 101.
It is a figure which shows the example of trial calculation of the usage fee. Building (consumer building) 10 that is a user to the district heating and cooling system company
The usage fee paid from 5a is the sum of the basic fee based on the contract heat medium amount and the usage fee for the excess usage amount for each of the cold water and the steam.

[0009] The amount of heat medium used varies significantly depending on the season and time zone even in the same building 105a. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the amount of cold water used in summer when there is no demand control, where A is a contract cold water amount, which is a contract heat medium amount for cold water, and B is a cold water peak load. In FIG.
From noon to evening in summer, the amount of chilled water usage increases significantly, and reaches the chilled water peak load B at the maximum demand.

[0010]

However, from the standpoint of the building (consumer building) 105a in the conventional district cooling / heating system 101, if the contracted cooling water amount A is large, for example, the district cooling / heating There was a problem that the basic fee for cold water was high.

From the standpoint of the district cooling / heating system, each building (customer building) 105a, 105b,.
If the amount of heat medium required in... Increases, the amount of heat medium to be supplied as a whole increases, so that the district cooling and heating plant 1
03 equipment capacity must be prepared large,
Further, in some cases, there is a problem that the total amount of the required heat medium is excessively large and the supply amount is insufficient.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of heat medium used while maintaining the living environment of a customer building to a certain extent, and to reduce resources and costs. An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary system of a district heating / cooling system without waste.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to a district cooling / heating system for guiding a heating medium from a heat source to a cooling / heating facility in a building in a region to perform cooling / heating.
In the secondary system, a load of the cooling and heating equipment is predicted, and a mitigation means is provided for relaxing a load condition at the time of the peak of the cooling and heating equipment. Means for predicting the future amount of chilled water to be used by the cooling and heating equipment from outside air conditions; means for increasing the temperature of air blown into the building to reduce the amount of dehumidification when the predicted amount of chilled water is greater than a predetermined value; A secondary system of a district cooling and heating system, comprising: means for setting a small amount of outside air to be introduced into the inside; and means for increasing a set cooling temperature inside the building. In a secondary system of a district heating and cooling system that conducts heating and cooling by guiding a heat medium from a heat source to a cooling and heating facility inside a building in a region, the load of the cooling and heating facility is predicted, Mitigation means for alleviating the load condition, the mitigation means for predicting the future usage of hot water or steam of the cooling and heating equipment from the current usage of hot water or steam as the heat medium and the outside air condition When the predicted amount of hot water or steam is larger than a predetermined value, there are provided means for setting a small amount of outside air to be taken into the building, and means for lowering a set heating temperature inside the building. This is a secondary system of the district cooling and heating system.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a district cooling / heating system 1 according to the present embodiment. The district cooling / heating plant 3 has a capability of supplying a heat medium to a predetermined area, and supplies cold water and steam as heat medium to the buildings (customer buildings) 5a, 5b,.

The regional piping of the district heating and cooling plant 3 comprises a chilled water pipe 7 and a steam pipe 9, each of which comprises a supply pipe (not shown) and a recovery pipe (not shown). Each building 5a, 5
b,... are provided with receiving facilities 11a, 11b,. Each of the receiving facilities 11a, 11b,... Is composed of a chilled water meter, a heat exchanger, a pump, etc., receives the heat medium supplied by the local pipe, performs processing as necessary, and supplies the heat medium to each building. Use.

In a room 13 in the building 5a, for example, an air conditioner (air conditioner) 1 for processing loads such as temperature, humidity, and dust of the outside air and loads such as temperature, humidity, and dust of room air.
5 are provided. Further, for example, the room 17 is provided with an outside air conditioner 19 (outdoor air conditioner) for processing loads such as temperature, humidity, and dust of outside air, and a small-sized air conditioner for processing loads such as indoor temperature and dust. An FCU (fan coil unit) 21 is provided.

When the air conditioner is used, cold water is supplied to the air conditioner 15, the external conditioner 19 and the FCU 21 through the cold water pipe 23. When the heating is used, the steam is supplied to the air conditioner 15, the external conditioner 19, the FCU 21 and the like through the steam pipe 25.

The air conditioner 15, the external controller 19, and the FCU 21 include a heating / cooling type, a heating-only type, and a cooling-only type. In the embodiment of the present embodiment, all of them are of the heating / cooling type. Shall be. Therefore, the heat exchanger used for the air conditioner 15, the external conditioner 19, and the FCU 21 uses cold water through the extension of the cold water pipe 23 during cooling, and steam through the extension of the steam pipe 25 during heating. is there.

The air conditioner (air conditioner) 15 includes a compressor, an electric motor, a condenser, a direct expansion coil,
It consists of a humidifier, air filter, blower, thermometer, hygrometer, heat exchanger, etc. Outside air conditioner (outside air conditioner) 19
Is composed of a compressor, an electric motor, a condenser, a direct expansion coil, a humidifier, an air filter, a blower, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a heat exchanger and the like in addition to the outside air intake port 29. The FCU (fan coil unit) 21 includes a small blower, a coil, an air filter, and the like.

The DDC (direct digital controller) 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided independently in the building 5a, and controls the setting conditions such as the temperature, humidity, and dust of the rooms 13 and 17. Then, the operation of the receiving facility 11a, the air conditioner 15, the external controller 19, the FCU 21 and the like is comprehensively controlled.

Next, a demand control method by the DDC 31 will be described by taking a case of using cold water as an example. In the demand control, in order to use the heat medium for district heating and cooling in a cost-effective manner, the correlation between various factors related to the use of the heat medium is clarified, and then the receiving facility 11a, the air conditioner 15,
The external controller 19 and the FCU 21 are controlled.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing demand control of cold water use. In the building 5a, the receiving facility 11
a measures the current amount of chilled water (the amount of chilled water used) and the like, and the air conditioner 15, the outside air conditioner 19 and the like measure the temperature, humidity, etc. of the outside air.
Send measurements to

The DDC 31 converts each measured value into a season, a time,
In consideration of data such as the weather and past examples, a change with time of the chilled water amount is predicted (step 201), and it is determined whether or not the predicted chilled water amount is equal to or less than the contracted chilled water amount (step 201). Step 202). In step 202, if the predicted chilled water amount is equal to or less than the contracted chilled water amount, D
The DC 31 includes the receiving facility 11a, the air conditioner 15, and the outside air conditioner 1.
9. No instruction is given to the FCU 21 and the measurement and prediction as before are continued.

If it is predicted in step 202 that the amount of chilled water in the future will be excessive, the DDC 31 firstly sets the temperature of the outside air to the inside of the building to be high and sets the dehumidification amount to be small as first control. Air conditioner 15,
The external controller 19 is instructed (step 203). DDC31
, The air conditioner 15 and the external conditioner 19 can reduce the amount of cold water for cooling and dehumidifying the outside air. By performing step 203, the cooling set temperature is maintained without change.

The upper limit of the blast temperature and the lower limit of the setting of the dehumidification amount are determined in advance by the facility manager of the building 5a for each room in consideration of the use of each room. DDC
31 is that when the predicted amount of cold water is excessive, the setting of the blast temperature is gradually increased until the upper limit of the blast temperature is reached, and the dehumidifying amount is gradually increased until the lower limit of the dehumidifying amount is reached. Continue to measure and predict the amount of cold water while reducing the amount.

The DDC 31 determines in step 203
It is determined whether or not the predicted amount of chilled water has been sufficiently reduced (step 204). If the predicted amount of chilled water falls within the range of the contracted chilled water amount, the chilled water is used up to the contracted chilled water amount limit. In addition, a comfortable living environment is maintained by keeping the air-conditioning temperature as low as possible and the dehumidification amount as much as possible while maintaining the cooling set temperature.

The DDC 31 performs the process of step 204, and if it is determined that the amount of chilled water is still excessive even if the setting of the blast temperature is set to the upper limit and the setting of the dehumidifying amount is set to the lower limit, As the second control, the amount of outside air taken into the building is set to be small, and the air conditioner 15 and the outside conditioner 19 are instructed (step 205). The air conditioner 15 reduces the outside air intake from the outside air intake 27, and the outside air conditioner 19 reduces the outside air intake 29.
To reduce outside air intake from

By reducing the amount of outside air that is warmer than room temperature, the air conditioner 15 and the outside air conditioner 19 can reduce the amount of cold water for cooling outside air. Note that, even if Steps 203 and 205 are performed, the cooling set temperature is maintained without change.

Next, the DDC 31 determines whether or not the predicted amount of chilled water has been sufficiently reduced (step 206). If it is determined that the amount has been sufficiently reduced, the DDC 31 uses the chilled water up to the contract chilled water amount limit. To maximize the outside air intake, maintain air quality and maintain a comfortable living environment.

If it is determined in step 206 that the predicted amount of chilled water is still excessive, the DDC 31 raises the set cooling temperature inside the building in accordance with the predicted amount of chilled water as third control. This is instructed to the air conditioner 15 and the external conditioner 19 (step 207).

By increasing the set cooling temperature, the air conditioner 15, the external conditioner 19, and the FCU 21 can reduce the amount of cold water for cooling the room temperature. In addition, the cooling air temperature is set as low as possible by using the chilled water to the contract chilled water amount limit to maintain a comfortable living environment.

When the amount of chilled water decreases due to a decrease in outside air temperature or the like, the DDC 31 adjusts the third control (step 207) in the reverse order of FIG.
Adjustment of control (step 205), first control (step 2)
The adjustment is released in the order of the adjustment of 03).

That is, first, the set cooling temperature is gradually lowered, and when the amount of chilled water after reaching the optimum cooling temperature is equal to or less than the contracted chilled water amount, the outside air intake amount is gradually increased. . Next, when the chilled water amount after increasing the outside air intake amount to the predetermined maximum is equal to or less than the contract chilled water amount, the dehumidifying amount is increased and the blast temperature is lowered.

The first control, the second control, and the third control
The order of type adjustment shall be determined according to the intended use of the building. That is, in the example of FIG. 2, the temperature maintenance is emphasized, but when the maintenance of the air quality is more important than the temperature maintenance, the air-conditioning conditions are set in the order of the first control, the third control, and the second control. May be adjusted.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a trial calculation example of the demand control at the cooling peak time. In FIG. 3, it can be seen that between 9:00 and 19:00 is a time zone in which the amount of cold water is large. Especially 11
Since the amount of cold water is very large between 17:00 and 17:00, a comparison is made between the case where no demand control is performed and the case where various demand controls are performed in this time zone. The solid line 301 indicates the case where the demand control is not performed, and it can be seen that the peak chilled water amount becomes about 3,100 Mcal / h around 15:00.

A broken line 303 indicates a case where the outside air is cut by the second control. The outside air amount is gradually reduced between 11:00 and 12:00, and the outside air is cut to a maximum from 12:00 to 16:00. The outside air volume was gradually reduced to 11
Time has returned to the amount before. A dotted line 305 shows a case where the cooling set temperature is raised by 1 ° C. for 24 hours, and it can be seen that the effect of reducing the amount of chilled water is particularly large between 9:00 and 19:00 when the outside air temperature is high.

The one-dot chain line 307 indicates the case where the third control and the second control are performed, and the outside air amount is gradually increased between 11:00 and 12:00 when the cooling set temperature is raised by 1 ° C. for 24 hours. From 12:00 to 16:00 to cut the outside air as much as possible, and gradually reduce the amount of outside air by 1 between 16:00 and 17:00.
This is the case where the amount is returned to the value before 1:00. Comparing with the cold water amount at 15:00, when demand control is not performed,
What was 00 Mcal / h was about 2,250 Mcal / h when the third control and the second control were performed, and it can be seen that the amount of cold water is greatly reduced.

Similarly, a case where steam is used for heating will be briefly described with reference to FIG. 4 showing a trial calculation example of demand control at the time of heating peak. A solid line 401 indicates a case where the demand control is not performed, and a dotted line 403 indicates a case where the set heating temperature is decreased by 1 ° C. for 24 hours by the third control.

A broken line 405 indicates the effect of reducing the amount of steam when the outside air intake is restricted by the second control. From 0:00 to 9:00, the state where the outside air volume is slightly reduced is maintained. Room temperature must be raised in order to start the activity time. From 9:00 to 11:00, the amount of outside air is cut to the maximum, and from 11:00 to 12:00, the amount of outside air is gradually increased, and the outside air is warm. From 12:00 to 16:00, the maximum amount of fresh air is taken.

From 16:00 to 17:00 when the outside air temperature gradually decreases, the amount of steam is reduced by limiting the amount of outside air. From 17:00 to 20:00, the outside air amount is cut to the maximum, and after 20:00, the outside air amount is slightly reduced.

The chain line 407 indicates the third control and the second control.
This shows a case where both the control and the control are performed, the set heating temperature is reduced by 1 ° C. over 24 hours, and the outside air amount is limited in the same manner as the case of the broken line.

Therefore, in order to perform the demand control when the heating is used, if the steam amount is expected to exceed the contracted steam amount, the outside air intake into the building 5a is first reduced by the second control. If the steam amount is still excessive, the set heating temperature inside the building 5a is reduced by the third control.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a trial calculation example of the basic charge reduction when the demand control is performed. If the basic rate of district heating / cooling for one year without demand control is 157,300,000 yen / year, the first control, the second control, and the third control are performed as shown in FIG. If you do, the reduction rate of the basic fee will be 4.0% and 8.6, respectively.
%, 15.7%.

The rate of reduction of the basic charge when both the second control and the third control are performed is 23.0%. That is, when both the second control and the third control are performed, the reduction rate of the basic charge is the reduction rate of only the second control and the third rate.
It is different from the sum of the reduction rate due to control.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of performing demand control on FIG. Actual load curve 5 shown by broken line
Reference numeral 1 denotes a case where the demand control is not performed, and the effect of the demand control is illustrated by setting the chilled water amount of the peak load in this case to 100%.

The one-dot chain line indicates that one time from 13:15
It is a 1st control execution curve 53 which shows the cold water amount at the time of performing 1st control by 9:00. The two-dot chain line is the second control execution curve 55 indicating the amount of cold water when both the first control and the second control are performed in the same time zone. The solid line is a third control execution curve 57 indicating the amount of chilled water when all of the first control, the second control, and the third control are performed in the same time period.

In FIG. 6, the contracted chilled water amount line 59 shows an example of the contracted chilled water amount. When compared with the actual load curve 51, the contracted chilled water amount shows the contracted chilled water amount from 12:00 to just after 19:00. You can see that it has exceeded. However, when the demand control is performed, the time during which the first control execution curve 53 exceeds the contracted chilled water flow rate line 59 is greatly reduced, and the second control execution curve 53 and the third control execution curve always follow the contracted chilled water flow rate line 59. Below.

Therefore, when the demand control is performed up to the second control or the third control, the peak load is set so as not to exceed the contracted chilled water amount even if the contracted chilled water amount is smaller than the amount indicated by the contracted chilled water amount line 59. It is possible to The contract chilled water amount can be determined by the operator of the building 5a in consideration of conditions such as a budget, an air conditioning standard to be maintained, and an expected temperature.

Further, in one building, the air-conditioning control conditions can be controlled for each room or block in consideration of the use of each room. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a hotel 71 which is an example of a customer building. On the floor where the hotel 71 is located, there are guest rooms 73a, 73b,...
5, kitchen 77, restaurant 79, passage 81, machine room 83
It is assumed that there is. The machine room 83 is provided with a receiving facility 85 for supplying a heat medium to each air conditioner, and a DDC 87 for controlling the receiving facility 85 and each air conditioner.

The person in charge of air conditioning at the hotel 71 performs, for example, the first control, the second control, and the third control for the warehouse 75 and the machine room 83, and performs the first control and the second control for the kitchen 77 and the passage 81. Only two controls are performed, and guest room 73
a, 73b, ... and restaurant 79
The policy of the demand control by the DDC 87 can be determined in advance so as not to perform any control.

As described above in detail, according to the present embodiment, the building of the district heating / cooling system 1 (customer building).
5a, the DDC 31 is independently provided to reduce the load condition at the time of the peak of the cooling and heating equipment, thereby efficiently using the heating medium supplied from the district heating and cooling plant 3 to obtain the contracted heating medium amount related to the basic charge. Building 5a
, The district heating and cooling fee to be paid can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the DDC 31
Is provided in the building 5a, and the receiving facility 11a, the air conditioner 15, the external controller 19, and the FCU 21 are comprehensively controlled. However, in a larger and more complicated building, Or D for each predetermined block in the building
DCs may be provided and controlled separately.

Further, in the present embodiment, the outside air intake amount,
Although the set temperature and the like are targeted, conditions such as a kitchen ventilation volume, an electric room cooling capacity, and a back area condition may be relaxed at the peak time.

In this embodiment, a case has been described in which cold water is used for cooling and steam is used for heating.
In the case where hot water is used for heating or for heating and hot water supply, demand control similar to that in the case where steam is supplied can be performed in order to reduce heating costs.

[0055]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a district cooling and heating system which can efficiently use the heat medium supplied from the district cooling and heating system at low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a district cooling / heating system 1.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing demand control of cold water use.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a trial calculation example of demand control at a cooling peak time;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a trial calculation example of demand control at a heating peak time;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a trial calculation example of a basic charge reduction when demand control is performed.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of performing demand control on FIG. 10;

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of a hotel 71;

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a conventional district cooling / heating system 101.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a conventional example of a trial calculation of a usage fee for the district heating / cooling system 101.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the amount of cold water used in summer when there is no demand control;

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 District heating / cooling system 3 District heating / cooling plant 5a, 5b, Building 7 Cold water pipe 9 Steam pipe 11a, 11b, Receiving facility 13 Room 15 ... air conditioner (air conditioner) 17 ... room 19 ... outside air conditioner 21 ... FCU (fan coil unit) 23 ... cold water pipe 25 ... steam pipe 27 ... outside air intake 29... Outside air intake 31... DDC (direct digital control controller) 51... Actual load curve 53... First control execution curve 55... Second control execution curve 57. Implementation curve 59 ……… Cooled water flow line 71 ……… Hotel

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-55-85842 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24F 11/02 102

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] In a secondary system of a district heating and cooling system for conducting heating and cooling by guiding a heating medium from a heat source to a cooling and heating facility inside a building in a region, a load of the cooling and heating facility is predicted, A mitigation means for easing a load condition, wherein the mitigation means predicts a future chilled water usage of the cooling and heating equipment from a current usage of the chilled water as the heat medium and an outside air condition; and the predicted chilled water. When the amount is larger than a predetermined value, means for increasing the temperature of air blown into the building and reducing the amount of dehumidification
When secondary district heating and cooling system characterized by comprising means for setting reduces the outdoor air Iriryou to the inside of the building, and means for raising the building interior set cooling temperature, the
Side system. 2. A secondary-side system of a district heating and cooling system that conducts cooling and heating by guiding a heat medium from a heat source to a cooling and heating facility inside a building in a region, wherein a load of the cooling and heating facility is predicted, A mitigation means for easing a load condition, wherein the mitigation means predicts a future usage of hot water or steam of the cooling and heating equipment from a current usage of hot water or steam as the heat medium and an outside air condition. when the case predicted larger hot water or amount of vapor predetermined value, comprising means for setting reduces the outdoor air Iriryou said to building interiors, and means for reducing the building interior set heating temperature, the Secondary district heating and cooling system characterized by the following
Side system.