JP3797555B2 - Plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus in a non-cultivated land, and particularly, in a warm and calm sea surface such as an equatorial windless zone, collects and holds water vapor generation function using solar energy and water vapor generated thereby as water. The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus having a buoyancy body holding a plant growth base material having a function.
[Prior art]
[0002]
As a conventional technique, there is a technique (see, for example, Patent Document 1) that accumulates rainwater in a floating reservoir and uses it for crop cultivation (for example, see Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4). There is. In addition, there is a technique (for example, see Patent Document 5) aimed at crop cultivation in the desert.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-276870 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-154506 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-6-209644 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-8-85 [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-121120
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
However, the above-described conventional technique has not yet obtained a sufficient effect. The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the above-described conventional technology, enables plant cultivation on the sea surface at low cost, and further prevents continuous cropping failure caused by overplowing, which is a problem in conventional cultivated land. It is something to be offered.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the drawbacks of the above-described conventional techniques can be overcome by adopting the following configuration, and have achieved the present invention.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) Surrounded by a floating body in contact with the water surface, a water vapor permeable membrane is provided inside, a cultivation part is provided on which a substrate for plant cultivation is arranged, and solar heat is used to promote the evaporation of water outside. An absorber is provided, a heat transfer body that conducts heat absorbed by the solar heat absorber to evaporate water is provided outside the levitation body, a heat insulator that covers the lower end of the heat transfer body is provided, and the heat transfer is provided. A plant cultivation apparatus characterized in that a space separated from external water is formed by a heat body, the heat insulator, the floating body, and the membrane, and a hole through which the external water flows into the space is provided in the heat transfer body. .
[0006]
(2) The substrate for plant cultivation is a substrate in which beads having a high porosity (base material) having hydrophobicity are laid in layers on the water vapor permeable membrane, and the root retention and moisture of the plant body to be cultivated The above-mentioned (1), characterized in that the surface on which the fertilizer is held is a base material composed of hydrophilic beads and a base material that is also used for holding the roots of plants and absorbing water and preventing surface drying. The plant cultivation apparatus as described .
[0007]
According to the plant cultivating apparatus of the present invention, on warm and calm seas represented by the equatorial windless zone, etc. Can be cultivated. In addition, it is possible to farm on the sea surface at a low cost, and it is possible to prevent continuous cropping failure due to overplowing, which is a problem in conventional cultivated land.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing an outline thereof.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are a cross-sectional view and an external side view, respectively, showing the outline of the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention.
The plant cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention is surrounded by a floating body 2 that comes into contact with the surface of water 11 such as seawater, and is provided with a cultivation unit 3 in which a plant cultivation base material is arranged. For this purpose, a solar heat absorber 4 is provided, and a heat insulating material 6 is provided below the heat transfer body 5 and the water contact portion so as to introduce the absorbed heat into the bottom of the cultivation base.
[0009]
A membrane 7 is arranged on the bottom of the cultivation part 3 on which a plant cultivation base material is arranged. As the plant cultivation base material, hydrophobic beads having a high porosity on the membrane 7 (hydrophobic group) The substrate 8 in which the material 8) is laid in layers and the root of the plant 12 to be cultivated and the surface of the hydrophilic substrate 9 made of hydrophilic beads for holding moisture and fertilizer and the root of the plant 12 and the water absorption -A holding / drying prevention substrate 10 also serving as a surface drying prevention layered in layers.
The membrane 7 disposed on the bottom of the plant cultivation unit 3 is preferably a water vapor permeable membrane.
Moreover, it is preferable to provide the seam inflow hole 13 in the heat transfer body 5.
[0010]
Any material can be used as the water vapor permeable membrane used as the membrane 7 disposed on the bottom of the plant cultivation unit 3, but it is effective to use a semipermeable membrane such as an NF membrane or Osmofilm (France, Atofina). is there.
In order to increase the amount of evaporation, by disposing a heat transfer body 5 that conducts heat absorbed by the solar heat absorber 4 installed on the levitated body 2 at a location close to the bottom of the water vapor permeable membrane, the amount of water evaporation can be increased. Will be increased.
Furthermore, by attaching a scraper to the water contact surface, it is possible to remove deposits on the membrane surface and prevent a decrease in the evaporation amount of water.
Evaporated water obtained from a water vapor permeable membrane passes through a hydrophobic substrate 8 (buffer body) having a high porosity, thereby preventing the salt from scattering and rising, while growing a plant having a hydrophilic surface held on top of it. It is held by the hydrophilic substrate 9 for use.
A part of the sustained-release fertilizer is retained in the hydrophilic base material 9 for plant growth, and water and fertilizer necessary for the growth of the cultivated plant are supplied to the roots of the cultivated plant.
[0011]
In order to prevent evaporation of water held on the hydrophilic base material 9 for plant growth and infiltration of salts from the upper part, a dry prevention base material 10 is held on the upper part thereof.
A part of the transpiration water released from the cultivated plant and the water evaporating from the hydrophilic substrate 9 for plant growth is recovered by installing a roof structure (not shown), and the hydrophilic group for plant growth. It is also possible to supply again to the material 9.
Since the cultivation place is an area where the evaporation of seawater is intense, heavy rain may occur locally. Water is supplied when there is a shortage of water supply from seawater.
[0012]
As the cultivated plant species, it is desirable to cultivate highly salt-tolerant plants such as salt-tolerant rice.
In order to maintain a cultivation environment suitable for the cultivated plant species against changes in the amount of solar radiation and weather conditions, the cultivation apparatus can be made movable by self-propelled or ship power (not shown).
It is desirable to equip an anchor (not shown) for fixing the cultivation place on the sea surface and an illumination (not shown) for informing the existence on the water.
GPS and camera, temperature / thermometer, various water quality measuring instruments, data logger, data communication function, solar battery, backup battery (all not shown) ) To enable monitoring of the cultivation state from a remote location.
[0013]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by this Example.
A plant cultivation apparatus having a cultivation section (cultivation area) with a 1 m × 1 m plant cultivation base material and surrounded by a floating body was created. As the water vapor permeable membrane, a commercially available semipermeable membrane, Osmofilm (manufactured by Atofina) was used. The hydrophobic substrate (beads) was filled with polystyrene beads (with a diameter of 5 mm) to a thickness of about 10 cm, and the hydrophilic substrates were filled with cellulose beads (with a diameter of 2 mm) to a thickness of about 10 cm. A poly L-lactic acid sheet was placed on the hydrophilic substrate as the drying prevention substrate. 50 seeds of rice were sown in the hydrophilic substrate.
When the experimental apparatus was floated on seawater at about 22 ° C. and allowed to stand for 24 hours, the seawater at the bottom of the apparatus rose to a water temperature of 25 ° C., and 2460 / m ² · day of water was retained on the hydrophilic substrate portion.
In addition, as a result of being left for several days, seed germination was observed, and the germination rate was 76%, which was similar to the germination rate (78%) of a similar experimental apparatus floated on well water as a control system.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
With the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, agricultural water can be obtained at low cost from unsuitable water for agriculture, and plants can be grown on the water source.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an external side view of the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plant cultivation apparatus 2 Floating body 3 Cultivation part 4 Solar heat absorber 5 Heat transfer body 6 Heat insulating material 7 Film 8 Hydrophobic base material 9 Hydrophilic base material 10 Holding / drying prevention base material 11 Water 12 Plant body 13 Hole for seawater inflow

Claims (2)

Surrounded by a floating body that contacts the water surface, a water vapor permeable membrane is arranged inside, a cultivation part with a substrate for plant cultivation arranged thereon is provided, and a solar heat absorber is installed outside to promote water evaporation Providing a heat transfer body that conducts heat absorbed by the solar heat absorber to evaporate water outside the levitation body, and provides a heat insulator that covers a lower end of the heat transfer body, the heat transfer body, A plant cultivation apparatus, wherein a space separated from outside water is formed by the heat insulator, the floating body, and the membrane, and a hole through which the outside water flows into the space is provided in the heat transfer body. The substrate for plant cultivation has a support in which beads with high porosity having hydrophobicity are laid in layers on the water vapor permeable membrane, and a surface for holding roots of plants to be cultivated and holding moisture and fertilizer 2. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base material is made of a hydrophilic bead and the base material that serves as both the retention of plant roots and the prevention of water absorption and surface drying is layered.

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