JP4164540B1 - Water vapor generator and artificial rain method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a water vapor generator and an artificial rain method capable of raining at low cost by using solar energy.
An object is suspended in the ocean. The sheet 1b mounted on the surface of the object 1 sucks up the seawater of the ocean S to a site above the water surface by capillary action. A thin water film is generated on the sheet 1b on the water surface by the sucked seawater. When the thin water film is irradiated with sunlight, the water in the thin water film easily becomes water vapor and rises to the sky (arrow N1), and a steam group C with high humidity is generated in the sky. The steam group C moves to the sky above the land L by the air current (arrow N2), is cooled in the low-temperature atmosphere above and becomes raindrops, and rains on the land (arrow N4).
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a water steam generator generating apparatus and artificial rain method using sunlight.

  In areas where there is a shortage of fresh water such as rainfall and groundwater, humans cannot continue their activities due to the lack of water necessary for agriculture and living, so naturally they tend to become areas where food conditions are poor and economically abandoned. There is. For this reason, in order to secure water for irrigation in Russia, there are plans to change the river flow by building a huge irrigation channel for irrigation, and in China for irrigation to use the water of the Yangtze River. A long irrigation channel is planned.

  In addition, there are countries with many deserts in the world, but these desertified areas and countries are concentrated near the equator. Particularly in Africa, food shortages due to population explosions are a major problem, and water shortages are expected to become increasingly serious in the future. Therefore, if artificial rain can be carried out quantitatively in a planned manner, a wide range of desert greening and farmland cultivation will be possible, and a solution to food difficulties can be expected.

  In recent years, air pollution due to industry in underdeveloped countries has become a problem. While air pollution is desirable to eliminate the source of pollution, it is often difficult to eliminate it overnight. However, if the artificial rain is generated in the vicinity of the pollution source and processed as acid rain before the contaminated air flows to many places, it will be possible to prevent the pollution from spreading.

  By the way, in the natural world, water from the ocean, lakes, rivers, and the like evaporates and is transported to the low-temperature atmosphere above to form dew and cloud particles, which grow into raindrops and become rain. Therefore, if there is no condensed cloud, raindrops cannot be made and it will not rain. In the case of conventional artificial rain, when cloud particles exist, dry ice is sprayed with an airplane to make the cloud particles raindrops, or the cloud particles are made raindrops by large acoustic vibrations.

  There are many difficult problems in steaming water for artificial rainfall. Energy (heat) is required for steaming water. In the case of water, 2266 kjoules (0.63 kWh) are required to evaporate 1 kg of water into water vapor at the same temperature as the water. In other words, 1 kg of water becomes steam when it takes about 1 hour using an electric heater of about 600 watts. In Japan, the maximum energy of sunlight is about 1 kW per square meter, which is the energy that can vaporize about 1.5 kg of water in one hour.

  On the other hand, there is a lot of rain water. For example, when 10 mm of rain falls in an area of 10 km × 10 km, the amount of water is 1,000,000 cubic meters (1 million tons). In order to turn such a large amount of water into steam, a large-scale steaming device is required, and advanced technology is required to operate it on a regular basis.

  As a method of generating artificial rain, seawater, lakes, and river freshwater (hereinafter, seawater and freshwater are referred to as “water”) are vaporized to form water vapor groups (clouds) that rise to the sky to form raindrops. However, this has many problems as follows.

  (1) An apparatus that vaporizes water exceeding 10,000 tons at a time within a short time requires a large-scale apparatus that requires a large amount of energy and needs to be constructed so that there is no danger. In addition, although it is conceivable that the locations are dispersed over a wide range, in order to reduce the risk of operation, it is necessary to have a configuration in which a failure or accident at one location does not affect most of the others and can be operated.

  (2) Since it becomes a large-scale system and requires a large area and a large amount of energy, operation using a place and energy that does not adversely affect other existing industries is required.

  (3) About the desired amount of rainfall, the rainy season, location, amount, etc. required by the season and region are different. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to control to some extent the time, location, amount, etc., where the rain is caused by the artificial rain system.

  (4) There is a huge amount of energy to heat a large amount of water in the sea, lakes, and rivers. Furthermore, even if a large amount of water is heated with a small amount of calories, it will not warm to the evaporation temperature indefinitely due to convection. For this reason, in order to always warm only a small amount of water, the water to be steamed is separated from the water in the sea, lakes, and rivers and kept in the steaming place for a certain period of time and added for steaming. It is necessary to prevent energy from being lost due to convection or heat conduction.

  (5) In order to warm a small amount of water and constantly evaporate it, it is necessary to replenish water to be vaporized into a device that automatically evaporates a small amount continuously without human intervention.

  (6) When the place where it rains is changed, it is necessary to easily move the steaming device to an appropriate place for the rain.

  (7) When the amount of rain is changed, it is necessary to be able to easily control the steaming device within a certain range so as to generate water vapor appropriate for the amount of rain.

  By the way, water sources such as oceans, lakes, and rivers have deep water depths, and water on the surface layer waves due to waves and the like, and the water is switched up and down. Therefore, even if the water receives the energy of sunlight, the surface water hardly rises to the evaporation temperature.

  However, if water from a water source such as the ocean, lakes, and rivers is taken out as a thin water film and exposed to sunlight, the thin water film is heated and evaporated efficiently. In principle, the thinner the thin water film, the higher the temperature due to the energy of sunlight, and it vaporizes into water vapor. If a large amount of water is evaporated in this manner, a steam group (cloud) with high humidity can be generated in the sky. And if this steam group moves over the land, especially the desert, by the air currents such as the sea breeze and the westerly wind, the temperature above the sky, especially the temperature after late afternoon or after sunset, is extremely low, so the water vapor easily becomes raindrops. It turns into ice and becomes rain or snow.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a steam generator generating apparatus and an artificial rain method that can rain at low cost by using the energy of sunlight.

An apparatus for generating a water vapor group according to claim 1, wherein an object that floats on a water surface of a water source, absorbs water from the water source by capillary action , and generates a thin water film exposed to sunlight at a site on the water surface, and an interior thereof And a drift prevention means in which a plurality of objects are arranged with a gap between them, and water in the thin water film is evaporated by sunlight energy to generate a steam group in the sky.

In the steam generator generating apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention, preferably, the drift prevention means includes a frame made of suspended matter and an anchor of the frame .

In the steam generator generating apparatus according to claim 3, preferably, the object has a cross-sectional shape rotated by a wave or wind .

Preferably, the apparatus for generating water vapor according to claim 4 is configured to attach a sheet having a capillary action on the surface of the object , and to absorb the water below the water surface by the capillary action of the sheet to generate the thin water film. is there.

Preferably, the water vapor generation apparatus according to claim 5 is configured such that the object is provided with a sheet having a capillary action on a surface thereof, and both end portions of the sheet are suspended below the water surface, and the capillary action causes the Water is sucked up to the sheet of the part on the water surface of the object and evaporated .

The artificial rain method according to claim 6 is a method of generating a steam group by the steam generator generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and raising the steam team to the sky above the land by an air current. Water vapor is converted into raindrops and rains on land.

  According to the present invention, by irradiating the thin water film on the surface of the object with sunlight, the thin water film is efficiently heated to the evaporation temperature to evaporate, rises to the sky, and has a high humidity steam cloud (cloud ) This steam group moves over the land such as deserts and is cooled by rain drops, ice drops, and rain, especially when the temperature decreases late in the afternoon when the energy of sunlight decreases and the night temperature decreases after sunset. And fall to the ground.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a water vapor generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are plan views of the water vapor generator, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an object used in the water vapor generator. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an object used in the water vapor generator.

  In FIG. 1, the side of the land L is the sea S as a water source. Object 1 is floating on the sea surface. 1 and 2, a large number of objects 1 are provided. A large number of objects 1 are disposed inside the frame body 2 and are floating inside the frame body 2. The frame body 2 is made of floating materials such as foamed polystyrene, air bags, timbers, etc., and is fixed to the seabed by an anchor 3 as shown in FIG. That is, the frame 2 and the anchor 3 serve as drift prevention means for preventing the object 1 from being lost due to drift due to ocean current or wind. If the anchor 3 is removed, the frame 2 can be towed by a ship, and the water vapor generator can be moved to another position.

  The horizontal dimension L1 and the vertical dimension L2 of the frame 2 are arbitrarily determined according to geographical conditions, climatic conditions, and the like. The horizontal dimension L1 and the vertical dimension L2 are not limited, but are preferably at least 1 km, preferably 10 km or more. The steam generator A1 shown in FIG. 2 may be installed as a single unit. However, as shown in FIG. 3, at least a distance T of several tens of meters or more so that a general ship or a maintenance management ship can navigate. A plurality of them may be arranged. If more steam generators A1 are arranged in this way, the installation area can be increased and a larger amount of steam can be generated in a wider range. The water vapor generator A1 is installed in a water source such as oceans, lakes, and large rivers that are located on the windward side of deserts and light rain regions. It is desirable that the steam generator A1 is large enough to be towed by a ship. The planar shape of the frame may be a long frame shape or a ring shape, and the shape can be arbitrarily determined.

  4 and 5, an object 1 is formed by mounting a sheet 1b such as a cloth having a capillary action or a porous synthetic resin sheet on the surface of a column 1a. The object 1 floats on the sea surface or fresh water surface (hereinafter, both are referred to as water surface), and is made of a material having a specific gravity smaller than that of water such as foamed polystyrene or an air bag. The cross-sectional shape of the object 1 is such that its axis N.D. A shape close to a circle such as a circle or an octagon is desirable so that it can be easily rotated around A (see arrow a in FIG. 5). The column 1a may be a hollow cylinder. The size of the object 1 can be determined by the position, for example, the diameter is 50 cm and the length is 10 m.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the lower part of the object 1 is immersed under the water surface, and the sheet 1b absorbs and absorbs water in the water by its capillary action, and the sucked water is located on the water surface and exposed to the atmosphere. Infiltrate the sheet 1b at the site to be infiltrated by capillary action (see arrow b). In this way, the sheet 1b on the surface of the water surface is impregnated with water, and a thin water film that is exposed to the sunlight and exposed to sunlight is generated.

  The thin water film is irradiated with sunlight (see arrow E), and water impregnated in the thin water film evaporates as water vapor (see arrow N1 in FIG. 1). Thus, if a thin water film is produced | generated on the surface of the site | part of the object 1 located above a water surface, this thin water film will rise to evaporation temperature easily and efficiently by the energy of sunlight, and will evaporate. The thinner the thin water film, the more easily the water contained therein becomes steam due to the energy of sunlight.

  In the case of seawater, if the water of the seawater impregnated in the sheet 1b evaporates, the salt generated by this evaporation remains on the sheet 1b and adheres. This fixed salt reduces the capillary action of the sheet 1b. However, object 1 has its axis N.D. Since it rotates around A (see arrow a in FIG. 5) or bathes the sea surface by waves, the salt fixed to the sheet 1b is eluted into the sea water. As described above, the decrease in the capillary force of the sheet due to the adhesion of the salt can be prevented to a considerable extent. Therefore, the sheet 1b whose water has evaporated on the water surface is continuously replenished with seawater one after another by the capillary action of the sheet 1b. (See arrow b in FIG. 5). In the case of fresh water such as lakes and rivers, there is no salt, so there is no problem of residual fixed salt.

  1 and 2, a very large number of objects 1 are floating in the ocean. A slight gap (for example, about 10 cm) is secured between the object 1 and the object 1 so that the object 1 can rotate more freely. Of course, objects may collide with each other. As described with reference to FIG. 5, water vapor is generated from a large number of objects 1, and the water vapor rises (arrow N <b> 1), and a steam group (cloud) C with high humidity is generated in the sky.

  The steam group C rises upward substantially perpendicularly (when there is no wind) (arrow N1). And it moves to the sky of the land L by an air current (wind) (arrow N2). When there is a sea breeze W, it rises diagonally upward toward the land (arrow N3). Airflow is caused by various causes. Sea wind W is representative of the air current. This is because the temperature of the land L rises and the air of the land L rises in the daytime, and relatively low temperature air on the sea moves toward the land L along with this.

  The temperature in the sky is low. Especially when the energy of sunlight becomes weak from late afternoon, the temperature in the sky gradually decreases, and the temperature further decreases at night after sunset. Therefore, the water vapor contained in the water vapor group C in the sky is cooled in the low temperature atmosphere in the sky to form raindrops or ice droplets, and the raindrops and ice droplets thus generated fall on land as rain and snow ( Arrow N4 in FIG. 1).

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an object according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a plan view of a water vapor generating device installed in the ocean, lakes, and rivers.

  The object 11 has a spherical shape, and is formed by mounting a sheet 11b having a capillary action on the surface of a sphere 11a such as a foamed polystyrene or an air bag. The object 11 floats on the water surface and freely rotates in all directions by waves (arrows). c). As in the case of FIG. 2, a large number of objects 11 are floating inside the frame 2. The sheet 11b on the surface of the object 11 sucks up water in the water onto the water surface by capillary action (see arrow d). A thin water film exposed to sunlight (arrow E) is generated on the sheet 11b located on the surface of the water surface, and the water in the thin water film easily evaporates and rises due to the energy of sunlight ( Arrow N1). The installation structure of the frame 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment. In addition, a plurality of water vapor generators A2 shown in FIG. 7 may be arranged in the same manner as the water vapor generator A1 shown in FIG. The inside of the sphere 11a may be hollow.

  Since the sphere 11a has a large surface area, the sheet 11b can generate a thin water film having a large area on the water surface. The object 11 can be rotated in any direction on the water surface by waves and wind. Accordingly, the salt remaining and fixed to the sheet 11b due to the evaporation of water divestes under the sea. A gap t is secured between the objects 1 and 1 so that the object 11 can rotate more freely. The rain generation mechanism of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an object according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The object 21 is a hollow sphere made of a synthetic resin having elasticity and porosity. As shown in the partially enlarged view K, the object 21 has a communication hole 22 having a capillary action. The object 21 is used in the same manner as the object 11 of the second embodiment. The object 21 itself has a capillary action, absorbs water by itself (arrow e), and can generate a thin water film exposed to sunlight at a site on the water surface. Therefore, the sheet 11b as described above is used. There is no need. The water absorbed up to the site on the water surface of the object 21 evaporates by the energy of the sunlight E, rises in the atmosphere (arrow N1), and generates the water vapor group C as described above. Further, the object 21 is freely rotated by wind and waves (arrow f), and the salt fixed and remaining in the communication hole 22 as the water evaporates on the water surface is eluted into the sea by immersing under the water surface. The rainfall mechanism is the same as in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 4)
9 is a perspective view of an object according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the object, and FIG. 11 is a plan view of the water vapor group generating apparatus.

9 and 10, an object 31 is formed by mounting a sheet 31b having a capillary action on the surface of a long plate body 31a having a trapezoidal cross section. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , the object 1 is floating with a clearance t between each other. And both end portions 31b of the sheet 31b 'is suspended in the sea underwater, it sucks up the sheet 31b on the upper surface of the plate member 31a located seawater by the capillary action to a site on the water surface (arrow g). As shown in FIG. 11, a large number of objects 31 are arranged in the ocean as in the case of FIG.

  The sheet 31b located on the upper surface of the plate body 31a absorbs and impregnates seawater by capillary action and generates a thin water film exposed to sunlight on the water surface. When the thin water film is irradiated with sunlight (arrow E), the water in the thin water film evaporates and rises (arrow N1), and a water vapor group (cloud) C similar to FIG. . The salt remaining and fixed to the sheet 31b on the upper surface of the plate body 31a is eluted when the object 31 is subjected to waves. The rainfall mechanism is the same as in the first embodiment. The plate 31a may be wrapped with the sheet 31b by connecting both end portions 31b 'and 31b'.

  As is apparent from the first to fourth embodiments, the shape, structure, dimensions, etc. of the object for generating the water vapor can be designed freely. In short, the sunlight is applied to the part on the water surface such as the sea surface or the lake surface. A thin water film that evaporates when heated by the energy of sunlight is generated by capillary action, and water lost from the object by evaporation is generated as much as possible from water sources such as the sea, lakes, and rivers by capillary action. It is only necessary to continuously absorb and replenish and continue to produce a thin water film as much as possible. Then, the water vapor generated by evaporation from the thin water film is raised to the sky, and the water vapor is cooled to generate rain.

The present invention is not limited to the first to fourth embodiments, and various design changes are possible. For example, in the first to fourth embodiments, anchors may be attached to the outermost peripheral objects 1, 11, 21, and 31 as drift prevention means, so that the frame body 2 is unnecessary. In the first, second, and fourth embodiments, a sheet having a capillary action is used to obtain a capillary action. However, the capillary action is applied to the surface of an object by coating a porous synthetic resin having a capillary action. It may be secured.

  According to the apparatus and method of the present invention, it does not always rain. The probability of rain is a parameter such as the area of the steam generator, the capillary force of the sheet or object, the installation position of the steam generator or the weather conditions near the ascending / moving position. For example, the larger the plane area of the steam generator unit, the higher the possibility that rain will be realized. In addition, it may be possible to promote the generation of raindrops by sprinkling dry ice on the water vapor group generated in the sky at the timing, and if the conventional artificial rain method is used in this way, the rain will be generated with higher probability. I can expect. Also, if the weather conditions are strong winds, the water vapor evaporated from the object will diffuse into the atmosphere, so the probability of rainfall will be very low. In short, it is only necessary to obtain the monthly rainfall and annual rainfall that are desired in an area with low rainfall, under the cost performance such as required equipment costs and maintenance management costs.

  According to the present invention, by irradiating the thin water film on the surface of the object with sunlight, the thin water film is efficiently heated to the evaporation temperature and evaporates, and rises to the sky to become a steam group with high humidity. . This steam group moves over the land, such as deserts, and is cooled by rain drops in the late afternoon, especially when the energy of sunlight is reduced, and by night temperature drops after sunset, becoming raindrops, becoming rain and Fall on. Therefore, it is possible to realize rain that is fresh water in a much larger amount and at a lower cost than conventional seawater desalination apparatuses. Therefore, the living environment and vegetation environment in deserts and light rain areas can be remarkably improved, and various industries such as agriculture, industry, and service industry can be promoted in these areas. Therefore, the industrial applicability of the present invention is extremely large.

Whole side view of water vapor group production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention The top view of the steam-team production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention The top view of the steam-team production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention The perspective view of the object used for the steam-team production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention Sectional drawing of the object used for the steam-team production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention Sectional drawing of the object in Embodiment 2 of this invention The top view of the water vapor group production | generation apparatus installed in the ocean, lakes, and rivers in Embodiment 2 of this invention Sectional drawing of the object in Embodiment 3 of this invention The perspective view of the object in Embodiment 4 of this invention Sectional drawing of the object in Embodiment 4 of this invention The top view of the steam-team production | generation apparatus in Embodiment 4 of this invention

Explanation of symbols

1, 11, 21, 31 Object 1b, 11b, 31b Sheet 2 Frame (drift prevention means)
3 anchor (drift prevention means)
t clearance

Claims (6)

An object that floats on the water surface of the water source and absorbs the water from the water source by capillary action and generates a thin water film that is exposed to sunlight on the surface of the water surface, and a plurality of objects in the interior with a gap It is a drifting preventing means is, steam group generation unit and generates steam group in over the water in the Usumizumaku evaporated by the energy of sunlight. 2. The water vapor generator according to claim 1 , wherein the drift prevention means includes a frame made of suspended matter and an anchor of the frame . The water vapor generator according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the object has a cross-sectional shape rotated by a wave or wind . 4. A sheet having a capillary action is attached to the surface of the object, and the thin water film is generated by absorbing water below the water surface by the capillary action of the sheet. water vapor group generation apparatus. The object is formed by mounting a sheet having a capillary action on the surface thereof, and both end portions of the sheet hang down below the water surface, and the capillary action causes water to reach the sheet at a site on the water surface of the object. The water vapor group generating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that it is sucked up and evaporated . A water vapor group is generated by the water vapor group generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , and the water vapor group is raised above the land by an air current to form water droplets in the water vapor group as raindrops, thereby causing rain on land. An artificial rainfall method characterized by that.

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