JP3795803B2 - Electric vehicle control device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric vehicle control device capable of utilizing regenerative energy of an electric vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an electric vehicle, regenerative electric power can be obtained when a regenerative brake is applied. This regenerative electric power needs to be consumed using some energy consuming means. Therefore, when another power running vehicle exists in the vicinity of the host vehicle, the regenerative power is returned to the overhead line to cause the power running vehicle to consume the regenerative power. However, there are not always power-running vehicles, but in such cases, the regenerative braking force is reduced, and instead a mechanical friction braking force is increased or a resistor called a brake chopper is used. The obtained regenerative energy was released as heat.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, reducing the regenerative braking force and instead increasing the mechanical friction braking force does not fully utilize the energy that can be obtained, but also shortens its service life as a result of heavy use of the mechanical braking mechanism. It will be. In addition, when using a resistor to regenerate the regenerative energy, it is necessary not to use regenerative energy at all, but also to install a resistor that does not actively contribute to the operation of electric cars to secure extra space. In other words, the degree of freedom in designing the train is reduced. Thus, it is difficult to say that the conventional electric vehicle control device fully utilizes the regenerative energy obtained by the regenerative brake, and the result is not suitable for energy saving.
[0004]
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it aims at providing the electric vehicle control apparatus which can fully aim at the effective utilization of regenerative energy.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a smoothing capacitor for smoothing a DC voltage from an overhead wire, and a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor are input, and variable voltage variable frequency control is performed. In an electric vehicle control device comprising: an inverter that outputs the AC power to the drive motor; or an inverter that outputs AC power that has been subjected to fixed voltage and fixed frequency control to an auxiliary device, via the DC / DC converter having a switching element. It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor and can store the DC current from the inverter during regeneration, and can supply the stored DC current to the overhead wire side or the inverter side of the host vehicle during power running or coasting. Electric double layer capacitor and the accumulation or supply of direct current of the electric double layer capacitor according to the predetermined characteristics And a converter control device that outputs a control signal to the switching element of the DC / DC converter based on the input of a predetermined signal, and the predetermined signal input by the converter control device is a speed A detection signal Vel and a voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor, which outputs a control signal to the switching element based on a deviation between a voltage reference V_EDLCref corresponding to speed detection and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC It is characterized by that.
[0010]
  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smoothing capacitor for smoothing a DC voltage from an overhead wire, and an inverter for inputting a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputting AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor. Or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled at a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device, and is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, and is regenerated. An electric double layer capacitor that sometimes accumulates a direct current from the inverter and can supply the accumulated direct current to the overhead wire side or the inverter side of the own vehicle during power running or coasting, and the electric double layer Based on the input of a predetermined signal so that the DC current of the capacitor is stored or supplied according to a predetermined characteristic. A converter control device that outputs a control signal to the switching element of the DC / DC converter, and the predetermined signal input by the converter control device includes the voltage detection signal Vdc of the smoothing capacitor, and the A detection signal Is of a current flowing between the overhead line and the vehicle side, and a control signal for the switching element based on a deviation between a current reference IsRef obtained based on the voltage detection signal Vdc and the current detection signal Is. The output is performed.
[0011]
  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smoothing capacitor for smoothing a DC voltage from an overhead wire, and an inverter for inputting a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputting AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor. Or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled at a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device, and is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, and is regenerated. An electric double layer capacitor that sometimes accumulates a direct current from the inverter and can supply the accumulated direct current to the overhead wire side or the inverter side of the own vehicle during power running or coasting, and the electric double layer Based on the input of a predetermined signal so that the DC current of the capacitor is stored or supplied according to a predetermined characteristic. A converter control device that outputs a control signal to the switching element of the DC / DC converter, and the predetermined signal input by the converter control device flows between the overhead line and the vehicle side. It is a current detection signal Is, and the control signal is output to the switching element so that the detection signal Is is equal to or lower than a set level and the excess current IsOVER exceeding this level is eliminated.
[0013]
  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smoothing capacitor that smoothes a DC voltage from an overhead wire, and an inverter that receives the DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor. Or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled at a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device, and is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, and is regenerated. An electric double layer capacitor that sometimes accumulates a direct current from the inverter and can supply the accumulated direct current to the overhead wire side or the inverter side of the own vehicle during power running or coasting, and the electric double layer Based on the input of a predetermined signal so that the DC current of the capacitor is stored or supplied according to a predetermined characteristic. A converter control device that outputs a control signal to the switching element of the DC / DC converter, and the predetermined signal input by the converter control device is an active power component required for powering the host vehicle. And outputs a control signal to the switching element so that power corresponding to the effective power can be supplied from the electric double layer capacitor to the inverter. The signals necessary for obtaining the power component are the speed detection signal Vel, the torque command Tc from the device controlling the inverter, the voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor, and the inflow current or outflow of the electric double layer capacitor. Current detection signal Ich, necessary for driving the vehicle by multiplying the speed detection signal Vel and the torque command Tc A current reference IchRef is generated by obtaining an active power component and dividing the active power component by the voltage detection signal V_EDLC, and a control signal for the switching element based on a deviation between the current reference IchRef and the detection signal Ich. Is output.
[0016]
  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smoothing capacitor that smoothes a DC voltage from an overhead wire, and an inverter that receives the DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor. Or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled at a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device, and is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, and is regenerated. An electric double layer capacitor that sometimes accumulates a direct current from the inverter and can supply the accumulated direct current to the overhead wire side or the inverter side of the own vehicle during power running or coasting, and the electric double layer Based on the input of a predetermined signal so that the DC current of the capacitor is stored or supplied according to a predetermined characteristic. A converter control device that outputs a control signal to the switching element of the DC / DC converter, and the converter control device is used at the time of power running or coasting with the first converter control device used at the time of regeneration. The second converter control device and the predetermined signal input by the first converter control device are the speed detection signal Vel and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor, and the voltage corresponding to the speed detection A control signal is output to the switching element based on a deviation between a reference V_EDLCref and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC, and the predetermined signal input by the second converter controller is A voltage reference signal VdcRef set in advance for the smoothing capacitor and its voltage detection signal Vdc. Based on said difference between VdcRef and the voltage detection signal Vdc and performs the output of the control signal to the switching element, characterized in that.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An electric double-layer capacitor (hereinafter, occasionally abbreviated as EDLC in the present specification. EDLC: Electric Double-Layer Capacitor) has a very large capacity and has attracted attention in recent years. . While this EDLC has the advantage of having an extraordinarily large capacity, it is costly and has the disadvantages that it will fail or have a significant impact on its life when used at a voltage outside the specified range. It is currently used only in some fields such as electric vehicles. The present invention pays attention to this EDLC and intends to solve the conventional problems by using it as an energy storage means.
[0018]
By mounting an energy storage device using EDLC on a vehicle, regenerative braking can be stably applied even when there is no other power running vehicle. Moreover, energy can be effectively utilized by reusing energy stored during regenerative braking using EDLC during powering acceleration.
[0019]
However, EDLC and other electrical equipment have an absolute voltage rating. In the state where the energy is already fully stored in the EDLC when the regenerative braking is started (the EDLC voltage is close to the maximum voltage), if the regenerative energy is absorbed by the EDLC, the EDLC voltage exceeds the absolute rating. Will break down. When starting to apply regenerative braking, the EDLC voltage must be low (discharged). On the other hand, when almost no energy is stored in the EDLC at the time of power running acceleration, the EDLC becomes empty when trying to release energy from the EDLC, and the power from the substation via the overhead line is the same as when there is no EDLC. Power consumption, and cannot contribute to reduction of substation capacity and current loss in overhead lines. As described above, the optimum value of the energy storage state of the EDLC (the magnitude of the EDLC voltage) is determined depending on the operation to be performed.
[0020]
When the train is running at a certain speed Vel to stop (speed is zero) with a regenerative brake, it is fundamental that all kinetic energy of the train (proportional to the square of the speed) is absorbed by the EDLC. Is required. The higher the speed, the more kinetic energy will return to the EDLC, so if you lower the EDLC voltage according to the speed (more charge is possible), you do not have to predict the future driving situation. This makes it possible to set an optimum voltage for EDLC, and to effectively absorb energy during regeneration and release energy during powering. Hereinafter, each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. A DC voltage of 1500 V DC is applied from the DC power source 1 of the substation to the electric vehicle via the overhead line 2, and a current Is flows from the overhead line 2 to the reactor 4 via the pantograph 3. The DC voltage applied between the overhead wire 2 and the rail is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 5 and input to the inverter 6. The inverter 6 controls VVVF (variable voltage variable frequency) based on the input of the DC voltage. The AC power thus supplied is supplied to the drive motor 7. The drive motor 7 is controlled at a variable speed by such AC power. A speed sensor 8 is attached to the drive shaft directly connected to the drive motor 7 so that a speed detection signal Vel can be obtained. Further, the current Is flowing through the reactor 4 and the voltage Vdc applied to the smoothing capacitor 5 can be detected.
[0022]
For convenience of drawing, although not shown in FIG. 1, an auxiliary device inverter may be installed in addition to the inverter 6 capable of variable voltage variable frequency control. That is, the input side of the inverter for auxiliary equipment is connected to both ends of the smoothing capacitor 5 and the output side is connected to auxiliary equipment such as in-vehicle lighting and an air conditioner, and these auxiliary equipment are controlled at a fixed voltage and fixed frequency. You may enable it to supply alternating current power.
[0023]
An electric double layer capacitor 10 is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor 5 via a DC / DC converter 9 that functions as a chopper. The DC / DC converter 9 has two switching elements S1 and S2 connected in series, diodes D1 and D2 connected in reverse parallel thereto, and one end side at a common connection point of the switching elements S1 and S2 and the diodes D1 and D2. The reactor L1 is connected to the (positive side) and the other end (negative side) is connected to one end side of the electric double layer capacitor 10. The voltage V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor 10 and the current Ich flowing through the reactor L1 (inflow current or outflow current of the electric double layer capacitor 10) can be detected, and the voltage Vch of the diode D2 is detected by the converter control device. It is controlled by a signal from 11A.
[0024]
The DC / DC converter 9 is controlled by a converter control device 11A. The converter control device 11 </ b> A includes a voltage reference output circuit 12, a subtracter 13, a voltage command output circuit 14, and a PWM output circuit 15. The voltage reference output circuit 12 receives the speed detection signal Vel from the speed sensor 8 and becomes maximum when the predetermined characteristic, that is, the detection speed is minimum (zero), and minimum (zero) when the detection speed is maximum. The voltage reference signal V_EDLCref is output. The subtractor 13 outputs a deviation between the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC to the voltage command output circuit 14, and the voltage command output circuit 14 performs PI control based on the input of the deviation, and the voltage command signal VchRef is output to the PWM output circuit 15. The PWM output circuit 15 outputs a switching control signal to the switching elements S1 and S2 of the DC / DC converter 9 based on the input of the voltage command signal VchRef.
[0025]
Next, the operation of FIG. 1 will be described. It is now assumed that the electric car is running toward a station and the regenerative brake is applied because the station is approaching. At this time, since the speed detection signal Vel input to the voltage reference output circuit 12 gradually decreases from the maximum speed, the voltage reference output circuit 12 outputs the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref that gradually increases from the minimum value. The subtractor 13 outputs a deviation between the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC that increase in this way to the voltage command output circuit 14, and the voltage command output circuit 14 outputs the voltage command signal VchRef based on this input. Is output to the PWM output circuit 15. The PWM output circuit 15 outputs a PWM signal based on the voltage command signal VchRef to the DC / DC converter 9. As a result, the regenerative current from the inverter 6 is accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 via the DC / DC converter 9, and charging is performed.
[0026]
That is, when the switching element S1 of the DC / DC converter 9 is on and the switching element S2 is off, the direct current from the inverter 6 passes through the switching element S1, and the current Ich passes through the reactor L1 in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure. It flows into the double layer capacitor 10. Next, when the switching element S1 is turned off and the switching element S2 is turned on, the current Ich from the positive side of the electric double layer capacitor 10 flows in the direction opposite to the arrow shown in the figure, and passes through the switching element S2 to the negative side. Flows in. Therefore, the amount of current stored in the electric double layer capacitor 10 increases as the ON period of the switching element S1 is longer and the OFF period of the switching element S2 is shorter. In this way, the amount of current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10, that is, the voltage V_EDLC can be controlled by adjusting the duty of the switching elements S1, S2.
[0027]
When the electric vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative brake and eventually stops completely, charging to the electric double layer capacitor 10 is stopped. When the electric vehicle starts running again and accelerates toward the next station, the voltage reference output circuit 12 outputs a voltage reference signal V_EDLCref that is initially maximum and gradually decreases. Thereby, the electric current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 is supplied to the inverter 6 side through the reactor L1 and the diode D1. That is, when the switching elements S1 and S2 are initially off, the voltage Vdc of the smoothing capacitor 5 is higher than the voltage V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor 10, so that the current from the electric double layer capacitor 10 passes through the diode D1. Thus, it is not supplied to the inverter 6 side. However, when the switching element S2 is turned on, the current from the positive side of the electric double layer capacitor 10 flows to the negative side through the reactor L1 and the diode D2, but when the switching element S2 is turned off in this state, The current Ich that has been flowing through the reactor L1 in the direction opposite to the arrow shown in the figure loses its place and must go to the inverter 6 side through the diode D1. In this manner, the current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 can be supplied to the inverter 6 side by turning on and off the switching element S2.
[0028]
Here, the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref output from the voltage reference output circuit 12 can be obtained by the following equation (1).
[0029]
V_EDLCref = (V_EDLCmax) * (VelMAX−Vel) / (VelMAX) (1)
However,
V_EDLCmax: Maximum value of the voltage detection signal V_EDLC,
VelMAX: Maximum value of the speed detection signal Vel,
It is.
[0030]
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, when there is an energy consuming means connected to an overhead line such as another power running vehicle, it is assumed that control for actively supplying energy (returning to the overhead line side) is performed. In addition, in this embodiment and later, redundant description of components already described in FIG. 1 is omitted.
[0031]
2 differs from FIG. 1 in that a converter control device 11B is used instead of the converter control device 11A. The converter control device 11B includes a subtracter 16, a current reference output circuit 17, an inverting circuit 18, a subtractor 19, a voltage reference output circuit 20, and a PWM output circuit 15.
[0032]
  A fixed voltage reference signal VdcRef preset for the smoothing capacitor 5 is input to the positive input terminal of the subtractor 16, while the voltage detection of the smoothing capacitor 5 is input to the negative input terminal. A signal Vdc is input. The subtractor 16 outputs the deviation between the two to the current reference output circuit 17, and the current reference output circuit 17 generates a reference signal for the current (inflow current or outflow current of the electric double layer capacitor 10) flowing through the reactor L1 based on this. The signal is output to the inverting circuit 18. The inverting circuit 18 inverts the input signal and converts the inverted signal.Current reference signal I chRefTo the positive input terminal of the subtractor 19. The current detection signal Ich of the reactor L1 is input to the negative side input terminal of the subtracter 19.
[0033]
The subtractor 19 outputs a deviation between the current reference signal IchRef and the current detection signal Ich to the voltage command output circuit 20, and the voltage command output circuit 20 outputs the voltage command signal VchRef to the PWM output circuit based on the input of this deviation. 15 is output. The PWM output circuit 15 outputs a switching control signal to the switching elements S1 and S2 of the DC / DC converter 9 based on the input of the voltage command signal VchRef. In the present embodiment, the voltage reference signal VdcRef input to the positive side input terminal of the subtracter 16 is 1800V, which is 300V higher than the overhead line voltage 1500V. The reason is that the regenerative energy is easily returned to the overhead wire 2 side.
[0034]
Next, the operation of FIG. 2 will be described. Assuming that an electric vehicle is currently running and other electric vehicles other than the electric vehicle are running on the track, the voltage detection signal Vdc of the smoothing capacitor 5 falls below 1800V. Therefore, the polarity of the output signal of the subtractor 16 is positive and the polarity of the output signal of the current reference output circuit 17 is also positive. However, the polarity is inverted by the inverting circuit 18 and the current reference signal IchRef having the negative polarity is inverted. Is input to the positive input terminal of the subtractor 19. The negative polarity current reference signal IchRef is a signal for instructing the current Ich flowing through the reactor L1 to flow in a direction opposite to the illustrated direction. Therefore, current is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor 10 side to the overhead wire 2 side by the negative current reference signal IchRef.
[0035]
On the other hand, when there is no other electric vehicle in power running, the voltage detection signal Vdc of the smoothing capacitor 5 exceeds 1800V. Therefore, since the polarity of the output signal of the subtracter 16 becomes negative, the polarity of the output signal of the current reference output circuit 17 also becomes negative, the polarity is inverted by the inverting circuit 18, and the positive polarity current reference signal IchRef is obtained. It is input to the positive side input terminal of the subtracter 19. The positive polarity current reference signal IchRef is a signal for instructing the current Ich flowing through the reactor L1 to flow in the same direction as shown in the figure. Therefore, the current from the overhead wire 2 side is accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 by this positive current reference signal IchRef.
[0036]
As described above, in this embodiment, the voltage reference signal VdcRef for the smoothing capacitor 5 is set to a high value close to the maximum operating voltage of an electric product such as a VVVF inverter or EDLC chopper such as 1800 V, thereby regenerating energy to the overhead line. The rate can be maximized. As a result, since the amount of regenerative energy absorbed by the EDLC can be minimized, it is possible to achieve cost reduction, weight reduction, size reduction, and the like by reducing the capacity of the in-vehicle EDLC.
[0037]
In this case, because EDLC is an energy release priority operation (even if it is known that the vehicle consumes a lot of energy due to power acceleration in the future, it will release the energy as much as possible and return the energy to the overhead line side. EDLC is always in an almost empty state, and can sufficiently absorb regenerative energy at any time. In the present embodiment, the value of the voltage reference signal VdcRef is set to a fixed value of 1800 V, but it is of course possible to change this value in consideration of various conditions.
[0038]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the EDLC has a voltage absolute rating. If the EDLC is used exceeding this voltage absolute rating, it will break down or the life will be remarkably impaired. Therefore, an upper limit value and a lower limit value (normally, the lower limit value is usually zero V or a little larger than that because the lifetime is significantly impaired when EDLC becomes a negative voltage value) are set. In the second embodiment, a limit function is added so that the voltage V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor 10 is maintained at a value between the upper limit value and the lower limit value in the second embodiment shown in FIG. .
[0039]
That is, the converter control device 11B1 in FIG. 3 is obtained by adding a limit circuit 21, an upper limit circuit 22, and a lower limit circuit 23 to the converter control device 11B in FIG.
[0040]
The upper limit circuit 22 has an allowable change in the upper limit direction according to the value of the voltage detection signal V_EDLC (this allowable change is constant until V_EDLC increases to a predetermined value, and when the predetermined value is exceeded, the allowable change is The voltage gradually decreases and eventually becomes zero) to the limit circuit 21. Further, the lower limit circuit 23 allows an allowable change in the direction of the lower limit according to the value of the voltage detection signal V_EDLC (this allowable change is constant until V_EDLC decreases to a predetermined value, and when this value falls below the predetermined value, the allowable change The minute value gradually decreases and finally becomes zero) to the limit circuit 21.
[0041]
The limit circuit 21 is set so that the upper limit value and the lower limit value for the current reference signal IchRef from the inverting circuit 18 are optimized based on the allowable change input from the upper limit circuit 22 and the lower limit circuit 23. Such a limit function can effectively prevent the electric double layer capacitor 10 from being used exceeding the voltage absolute rating.
[0042]
Although not shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 and FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 for the convenience of the drawings, these limit circuits 21 are also applied to the embodiments according to these drawings as in the present embodiment. Assume that an upper limit circuit 22 and a lower limit circuit 23 are provided.
[0043]
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment intends to cover the power for driving the vehicle with only regenerative energy without depending on the power supplied from the overhead line. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that all regenerative energy is consumed by the own vehicle even if there are other power running vehicles.
[0044]
The converter control device 11C of this embodiment includes a current reference output circuit 24, an inverting circuit 18, a subtractor 19, a voltage command output circuit 20, and a PWM output circuit 15.
[0045]
  The current reference output circuit 24 receives a detection signal of the current Is flowing through the reactor 4 and outputs a current reference signal for the current Ich flowing through the reactor L1 based on the detection signal. The inverting circuit 18 inverts the input signal and the inverted signal.Current reference signal I chRefTo the positive input terminal of the subtractor 19. The current detection signal Ich of the reactor L1 is input to the negative side input terminal of the subtracter 19.
[0046]
  The subtractor 19 outputs a deviation between the current reference signal IchRef and the current detection signal Ich to the voltage command output circuit 20, and the voltage command output circuit 20 outputs the voltage command signal VchRef to the PWM output circuit based on the input of this deviation. 15 is output. The PWM output circuit 15 outputs a switching control signal to the switching elements S1 and S2 of the DC / DC converter 9 based on the input of the voltage command signal VchRef.It has become.
  Next, the operation of FIG. 4 will be described. If an electric vehicle leaves a station and is accelerating, the current Is tends to increase, but the current reference output circuit 24 inputs the current detection signal Is and outputs a current reference according to the current detection signal Is. . Since the inverting circuit 18 outputs a current reference signal IchRef having a negative polarity obtained by inverting the current reference, the current Ich from the electric double layer capacitor 10 flows in the direction opposite to that shown in the figure. Therefore, the energy input to the inverter 6 is almost from the electric double layer capacitor 10, and the current Is from the overhead line 2 side is almost zero.
[0047]
Since the electric vehicle approaches the next station, when the regenerative brake is applied and the vehicle starts to decelerate, the current from the inverter 6 side tends to flow toward the overhead wire 2 side. The current reference signal IchRef output from the inverting circuit 18 has a positive polarity. That is, the converter control device 11 </ b> C controls the DC / DC converter 9 so that the current from the inverter 6 is accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10.
[0048]
As described above, in this embodiment, if the electrical loss of the inverter 6 and the drive motor 7 and the mechanical loss such as running resistance are ignored, the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 10 during regenerative braking is used for powering acceleration. You can repeat acceleration and deceleration. Therefore, it is sufficient that only a small current corresponding to the electrical and mechanical loss is supplied from the overhead wire 2. Therefore, when viewed from the overhead line or the substation side, the power supplied to the electric vehicle is minimized, so that the capacity of the substation can be reduced and the conduction loss in the overhead line can be minimized.
[0049]
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is intended to stabilize by suppressing the fluctuation of the overhead line voltage as much as possible by supplying or releasing energy by the electric double layer capacitor.
[0050]
The converter control device 11D of this embodiment includes a current reference output circuit 25, a subtracter 16, a current command output circuit 26, an inverting circuit 18, a subtractor 19, a voltage command output circuit 20, and a PWM output circuit 15. ing.
[0051]
Here, in order to stabilize the voltage of the overhead line 2, it is necessary to detect the voltage of the overhead line 2. Of course, it is possible to newly provide a means for directly detecting the voltage of the overhead line 2, but in the present embodiment, the smoothing capacitor 5 that most accurately reflects the voltage of the overhead line 2 among the existing devices is used. The voltage detection signal Vdc is substituted for the voltage detection signal of the overhead line 2.
[0052]
The current reference output circuit 25 outputs a current reference signal IsRef for the current Is according to the value of the voltage detection signal Vdc. As shown in the block, the IsRef-Vdc characteristic of the current reference output circuit 25 has negative polarity of IsRef when Vdc is 1500 V or less (the direction in which the current Is flows is opposite to the illustrated direction). When Vdc exceeds 1500V, the polarity of IsRref becomes positive (the direction in which the current Is flows is the same as the illustrated direction). In addition, IsRef decreases at a constant gradient until the voltage is reduced from 1500 V to a predetermined value, but becomes constant IsRef after being reduced to the predetermined value.
[0053]
Next, the operation of FIG. 5 will be described. When the voltage of the overhead line 2 rises while the electric vehicle is running and the voltage detection signal Vdc exceeds 1500 V, the current reference output circuit 25 outputs a positive current reference signal IsRef (the direction of the current Is is the same as the direction shown in the figure). To do. The subtractor 16 outputs a deviation between IsRef and Is to the current command output circuit 26, and the current command output circuit 26 outputs a positive current reference signal based on this input. This current reference signal is inverted by the inverting circuit 18 to become a negative current reference signal IsRef. Therefore, the direction of the current Ich flowing through the reactor L1 of the DC / DC converter 9 is the same as the illustrated direction, and the current from the overhead line 2 side is accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10. Thereby, the voltage rise of the overhead wire 2 is suppressed. Further, when the voltage of the overhead line 2 falls and the voltage detection signal Vdc becomes 1500 V or less, the current reference output circuit 25 outputs a negative current reference signal IsRef (the direction of the current Is is opposite to the direction shown in the figure). The current reference signal IchRef from 18 has a negative polarity (the direction of the current Ich is opposite to the direction shown in the figure), and the current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 is supplied to the overhead wire 2 side. Thereby, the voltage drop of the overhead wire 2 is suppressed.
[0054]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the overhead line voltage becomes high, the EDLC absorbs power, and when the overhead line voltage becomes low, the overhead line voltage is discharged, so that the overhead line voltage is discharged. The voltage system can be stabilized.
[0055]
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the maximum value of the power received from the substation side is kept low, thereby reducing the capacity of the power receiving contract with the power company, and suppressing the increase in power charges and reducing the running cost. To try to contribute.
[0056]
The converter control device 11E of this embodiment includes an excess current output circuit 27, a current reference output circuit 24, an inverting circuit 18, a subtractor 19, a voltage command output circuit 20, and a PWM output circuit 15. The excess current component output circuit 27 receives the detection signal Is, and outputs the excess current component IsOVER to the current reference output circuit 24 when this Is becomes a predetermined value or more. The configuration after the current reference output circuit 24 is the same as that of the converter control device 11C of FIG.
[0057]
Next, the operation of FIG. 6 will be described with reference to the time chart of FIG. In FIG. 7, the train speed Vel during acceleration gradually increases, and the current Is flowing from the overhead wire 2 side to the reactor 4 gradually increases to correspond to this. Then, when the level of the current Is tries to exceed IsOVER, the excess current component output circuit 27 outputs an excess current component signal IsOVER to the current reference output circuit 25. As a result, the current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10 is supplied to the inverter 6 side. Therefore, as shown in the upper chart of FIG. 7, the current Is supplied from the overhead wire 2 side to the vehicle does not rise above the level of IsOVER. That is, the excess current indicated by the alternate long and short dash line was supposed to be supplied from the overhead line 2 side, but in this embodiment, this excess is covered by the current accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 10. It will be. And since the electric power charge (basic charge) paid to an electric power company becomes so cheap that the maximum value of Is from this overhead line 2 side becomes low, the increase in an electric power charge is suppressed by adopting this embodiment. Can do. In addition, since the explanation of the excess during the train deceleration is merely a change of the rise and fall, the duplicate explanation is omitted.
[0058]
Thus, according to the present embodiment, the current flowing in and out from the overhead wire 2 side is detected, and the DC / DC converter 9 is controlled so that the absolute value thereof is within a certain value, so that the power is supplied from the substation side. The maximum value of the received power can be reduced, and the electricity charge can be reduced. In addition, the substation side has the merit that the maximum power of the substation can be reduced, and the equipment cost can be expected to be reduced due to the substation capacity reduction.
[0059]
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, an effective power necessary for power running of the host vehicle is obtained, and all of the effective power is covered by the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 10.
[0060]
The converter control device 11F of the present embodiment includes a multiplication circuit 28, a division circuit 29, an inverting circuit 18, a subtracter 19, a voltage command output circuit 20, and a PWM output circuit 15.
[0061]
The operation of the present embodiment will be described. First, the multiplication circuit 28 receives the speed detection signal Vel from the speed sensor 8 and also receives a torque command Tc from an inverter control device (not shown). Then, the multiplication circuit 28 multiplies both and outputs the active power Power to the division circuit 29. The division circuit 29 also receives the voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor 10 and outputs an Ich current reference by dividing Power by V_EDLC. Subsequent operations are the same as those of the embodiments described so far, and thus redundant description is omitted.
[0062]
Thus, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to supply most of the electric power necessary for driving the drive motor 7 of the host vehicle from the electric double layer capacitor 10. Accordingly, since the power supplied to the train is minimized when viewed from the overhead line side or the substation side, it is possible to reduce the capacity of the substation and minimize the conduction loss in the overhead line.
[0063]
In this embodiment, the example in which the active power is obtained from the speed detection signal Vel and the torque command Tc has been described. However, the method for obtaining the active power is not limited to this, and the active power is obtained by other methods. It may be. For example, the active power can be obtained from the voltage Vdc of the smoothing capacitor 5 and the current input to the inverter 6 (current obtained by subtracting the current flowing from the current Is to the DC / DC converter 9 side).
[0064]
FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, line condition information (information relating to the gradient of the line, information relating to the deceleration zone, etc.) is examined in advance, and the absorption / release of energy of the EDLC is controlled based on such information.
[0065]
The converter control device 11G of the present embodiment includes a line condition information circuit 30, a subtractor 13, a voltage command output circuit 14, and a PWM output circuit 15. The converter control device 11G has substantially the same configuration as that obtained by replacing the voltage reference output circuit 12 of the converter control device 11A in FIG.
[0066]
The line condition information circuit 30 stores information related to the gradient of the line, the deceleration zone, and the like, and outputs the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref based on the input of the position information PD. The position information PD is information indicating the current position of the electric car, and is information given when the train passes a sensor provided at a predetermined point on the track.
[0067]
Thus, in this embodiment, since control of the DC / DC converter 9 is performed based on track condition information, control regarding charging / discharging of the electric double layer capacitor 10 can be performed along the train operating environment.
[0068]
In addition, an automatic operation pattern circuit may be used instead of the line condition information circuit 30, and a configuration in which the voltage reference signal V_EDLCref obtained based on a future operation pattern in the automatic operation is output to the automatic operation pattern circuit may be adopted. it can. This is the ninth embodiment of the present invention. According to such a configuration, it is possible to accurately perform control relating to charging and discharging of the electric double layer capacitor 10 even in automatic operation.
[0069]
FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of the tenth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the converter control devices 11A and 11B shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are combined.
[0070]
That is, in FIG. 10, the output signals of the converter control devices 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B are output to the DC / DC converter 9 via the switching circuit 31. Switching of the contacts of the switching circuit 31 is performed by an operation signal from a master controller (mass controller) provided in the cab.
[0071]
The driver of the electric vehicle switches the contact of the switching circuit 31 to the a side during power running operation or coasting operation, and controls the DC / DC converter 9 by the converter control device 11A, and switches the switching circuit 31 during regenerative operation. And the DC / DC converter 9 is controlled by the converter control device 11B. As a result, efficient and practical control utilizing the characteristics of each converter control device can be performed.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the electric double layer capacitor is used as a storage unit for regenerative energy, and charging / discharging of the electric double layer capacitor is appropriately controlled via the DC / DC converter. It becomes possible to realize an electric vehicle control device capable of sufficiently utilizing energy effectively.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
7 is an explanatory diagram of an excess current portion IsOVER in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 DC power supply
2 overhead lines
3 Pantograph
4 Reactor 4
5 Smoothing capacitor
6 Inverter
7 Drive motor
8 Speed sensor
9 DC / DC converter
S1, S2 switching element
D1, D2 diode
L1 reactor
10 Electric double layer capacitor
11A to 11G Converter control device
12 Voltage reference output circuit
13 Subtractor
14 Voltage command output circuit
15 PWM output circuit
16 Subtractor
17 Current reference output circuit
18 Inversion circuit
19 Subtractor
20 Voltage command output circuit
21 Limit circuit
22 Upper limit circuit
23 Lower limit circuit
24 Current reference output circuit
25 Current reference output circuit
26 Current command output circuit
27 Output circuit for excess current
28 Multiplier circuit
29 Division circuit
30 Line condition information circuit
31 switching circuit
Is Current flowing between the overhead line and the vehicle side
Detection voltage of Vdc smoothing capacitor
Vel speed
Inflow current or outflow current of Ich electric double layer capacitor
Voltage of Vch diode D2
V_EDLC Electric double layer capacitor detection voltage
V_EDLCref Electric double layer capacitor voltage reference
VchRef Voltage command for voltage Vch
VdcRef Smoothing capacitor voltage reference
IchRef Current Ich current reference
IsRef Current reference of current Is
IsOVER excess current
PD location information

Claims (5)

A smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage from the overhead line;
An inverter that inputs a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor, or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled by a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device,
In an electric vehicle control device comprising:
It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, accumulates a direct current from the inverter during regeneration, and accumulates the direct current during power running or coasting. An electric double layer capacitor that can be supplied to the inverter side of the car;
A converter control device that outputs a control signal to a switching element of the DC / DC converter based on an input of a predetermined signal, so that accumulation or supply of a direct current of the electric double layer capacitor is performed according to a predetermined characteristic;
With
The predetermined signals input by the converter control device are a speed detection signal Vel and a voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor,
Outputting a control signal to the switching element based on a deviation between a voltage reference V_EDLCref corresponding to speed detection and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC;
An electric vehicle control device characterized by that. A smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage from the overhead line;
An inverter that inputs a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor, or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled by a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device,
In an electric vehicle control device comprising:
It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, accumulates a direct current from the inverter during regeneration, and accumulates the direct current during power running or coasting. An electric double layer capacitor that can be supplied to the inverter side of the car;
A converter control device that outputs a control signal to a switching element of the DC / DC converter based on an input of a predetermined signal, so that accumulation or supply of a direct current of the electric double layer capacitor is performed according to a predetermined characteristic;
With
The predetermined signals input by the converter control device are a voltage detection signal Vdc of the smoothing capacitor, and a detection signal Is of a current flowing between the overhead wire and the vehicle side,
Outputting a control signal to the switching element based on a deviation between a current reference IsRef obtained based on the voltage detection signal Vdc and the current detection signal Is;
An electric vehicle control device characterized by that. A smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage from the overhead line;
An inverter that inputs a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor, or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled by a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device,
In an electric vehicle control device comprising:
It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, accumulates a direct current from the inverter during regeneration, and accumulates the direct current during power running or coasting. An electric double layer capacitor that can be supplied to the inverter side of the car;
A converter control device that outputs a control signal to a switching element of the DC / DC converter based on an input of a predetermined signal, so that accumulation or supply of a direct current of the electric double layer capacitor is performed according to a predetermined characteristic;
With
The predetermined signal input by the converter control device is a detection signal Is of a current flowing between the overhead line and the vehicle side,
A control signal is output to the switching element so that the detection signal Is is equal to or lower than a set level and the excess current IsOVER exceeding this level is eliminated.
An electric vehicle control device characterized by that. A smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage from the overhead line;
An inverter that inputs a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor, or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled by a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device,
In an electric vehicle control device comprising:
It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, accumulates a direct current from the inverter during regeneration, and accumulates the direct current during power running or coasting. An electric double layer capacitor that can be supplied to the inverter side of the car;
A converter control device that outputs a control signal to a switching element of the DC / DC converter based on an input of a predetermined signal, so that accumulation or supply of a direct current of the electric double layer capacitor is performed according to a predetermined characteristic;
With
The predetermined signal input by the converter control device is a signal necessary for obtaining the active power required for powering the host vehicle,
A control signal is output to the switching element so that power corresponding to the effective power can be supplied from the electric double layer capacitor to the inverter.
The signals necessary for obtaining the effective power are the speed detection signal Vel, the torque command Tc from the device controlling the inverter, the voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor, and the inflow current of the electric double layer capacitor. Or a detection signal Ich of the outflow current,
An active power necessary for driving the host vehicle is obtained by multiplying the speed detection signal Vel and the torque command Tc, and a current reference IchRef is generated by dividing the effective power by the voltage detection signal V_EDLC. Outputting a control signal to the switching element based on a deviation between a reference IchRef and the detection signal Ich;
An electric vehicle control device characterized by that. A smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage from the overhead line;
An inverter that inputs a DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and outputs AC power controlled by a variable voltage and variable frequency to a drive motor, or an inverter that outputs AC power controlled by a fixed voltage and fixed frequency to an auxiliary device,
In an electric vehicle control device comprising:
It is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor via a DC / DC converter having a switching element, accumulates a direct current from the inverter during regeneration, and accumulates the direct current during power running or coasting. An electric double layer capacitor that can be supplied to the inverter side of the car;
A converter control device that outputs a control signal to a switching element of the DC / DC converter based on an input of a predetermined signal, so that accumulation or supply of a direct current of the electric double layer capacitor is performed according to a predetermined characteristic;
With
The converter control device comprises a first converter control device used during regeneration and a second converter control device used during power running or coasting,
The predetermined signals input by the first converter control device are a speed detection signal Vel and a voltage detection signal V_EDLC of the electric double layer capacitor,
Based on the deviation between the voltage reference V_EDLCref corresponding to the speed detection and the voltage detection signal V_EDLC, the control signal is output to the switching element.
Further, the predetermined signals input by the second converter control device are a voltage reference signal VdcRef preset for the smoothing capacitor and a voltage detection signal Vdc thereof,
A control signal is output to the switching element based on a deviation between the voltage reference signal VdcRef and the voltage detection signal Vdc.
An electric vehicle control device characterized by that.

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