JP3790979B2

JP3790979B2 - Toxic substance removal incinerator

Info

Publication number: JP3790979B2
Application number: JP25051898A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 孝前島
Original assignee: 前島文夫; 孝前島
Priority date: 1997-09-08
Filing date: 1998-09-04
Publication date: 2006-06-28
Anticipated expiration: 2018-09-04
Also published as: JPH11141835A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、排煙中に含まれる有害物質を取り除く焼却炉の改良に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の焼却炉では、焼却炉内でバーナにより被焼却物に点火し、空気を炉内に大量に送り込み被焼却物を燃焼させていた。また、従来の焼却炉では、炉内に送り込むことができる空気量に相当する被焼却物のみしか炉内に投入することができない。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、被焼却物に点火し焼却炉内で燃焼させても、被焼却物内に空気が万遍なく流れることがないとともに、被焼却物を投入する度に焼却炉内の燃焼温度が下がり被焼却物が不完全燃焼を起こし易い。そのために、一酸化炭素、ダイオキシン等の有害物質が大量に発生し、大気中に飛散するとの欠点があった。
また、焼却炉内に空気を強制的に送り込み被焼却物を炉内で燃焼させる方式であるから、炉内を加圧することとなるために部分的燃焼が激しく、乱流になり煤塵等が大気中に飛散するとの欠点があった。
【０００４】
そこで、本発明は、一酸化炭素、ダイオキシン等の有害物質を排煙中に殆ど含まず、有害物質を大気中に飛散させることがない有害物質を除去する焼却炉を提供することを目的とするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、内部に、空気取入孔６ａを形成した炉床６と貫通孔９ｂを形成した火格子９ａと貫通孔１０ｂを形成した仕切１０ａを設け、前記炉床６と前記火格子９ａ間には灰受皿７を出し入れ可能に収納した灰受室８を、前記火格子９ａと前記仕切１０ａ間には前記火格子９ａの近接位置に被焼却物５を焼却前に着火し加熱しておく加熱バーナ１２ａを設置した一次燃焼室９を、前記仕切１０ａ上には乾燥室１０を設け、前記炉床６の下には取り込む空気の量を空気調節弁６ｂを移動させる方法により調節する空気調節弁６ｂを設けた焼却部２と、バーナ１２を設置した二次燃焼室１１及び回転速度を調節でき前記焼却部２内を常時負圧状態するファン３を設けた吸引式負圧手段を有する除去部２ａとからなり、前記焼却部２に前記除去部２ａを連設し、前記ファン３の回転速度を調節することにより前記焼却部２内に取り込む空気量を制御し、前記焼却部２内を還元雰囲気下にして被焼却物を燃焼させることを特徴とする有害物質除去焼却炉１の構成１、内部に、空気取入孔６ａを形成した炉床６と貫通孔９ｂを形成した火格子９ａと貫通孔１０ｂを形成した仕切１０ａを設け、前記炉床６と前記火格子９ａ間には灰受皿７を出し入れ可能に収納した灰受室８を、前記火格子９ａと前記仕切１０ａ間には前記火格子９ａの近接位置に被焼却物５を焼却前に着火し加熱しておく加熱バーナ１２ａを備える一次燃焼室９を、前記仕切１０ａ上には乾燥室１０を設け、前記炉床６の下には空気調節弁６ｂを移動させる方法により取り込む空気の量を調節する空気調節弁６ｂを設けた焼却部２と、排煙筒３ｂを内設するとともに有害物質を燃焼させ排煙中から取り除くバーナ１２を備えた二次燃焼室１１にブロアー３ａを設け、前記ブロアー３ａの先端が前記排煙筒３ｂの下端の近接位置に取り付けた送風式負圧手段の除去部２ａとからなり、前記焼却部２に前記送風式負圧手段の除去部２ａ連設し、前記焼却部２内に取り込む空気量を制御し、前記焼却部２内を還元雰囲気下にして被焼却物を燃焼させるようにしたことを特徴とする有害物質除去焼却炉１ａの構成及び内部に、空気取入孔６ａを形成した炉床６と貫通孔９ｂを形成した火格子９ａと貫通孔１０ｂを形成した仕切１０ａを設け、前記炉床６と前記火格子９ａ間には灰受皿７を出し入れ可能に収納した灰受室８を、前記火格子９ａと前記仕切１０ａ間には前記火格子９ａの近接位置に被焼却物５を焼却前に着火し加熱しておく加熱バーナ１２ａを備える一次燃焼室９を、前記仕切１０ａ上には乾燥室１０を設け、前記炉床６の下に取り込む空気の量を空気調節弁６ｂを移動させる方法により調節する空気調節弁６ｂを設けた焼却部２と、排煙筒３ｂを内設し有害物質を燃焼させ排煙中から取り除くバーナ１２を備えた二次燃焼室１１内の排煙筒１１ａ内にブロワー２３の先端部を差し込み設置した送風式負圧手段の除去部２ａと、前記焼却部２と前記除去部２ａとを接続しバーナ２２を取り付けた接続部９ｅとからなり、前記焼却部２内に取り込む空気量を制御し、前記焼却部２内を還元雰囲気下にして被焼却物５を燃焼させるようにしたことを特徴とする有害物質除去焼却炉１ｃの構成とした。
【０００６】
【実施例】
本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１、１ａ、１ｂ、１ｃについて、図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１の第１実施例の縦断面図である。本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１は、生ゴミ４や一般焼却ゴミである被焼却物５を焼却する焼却部２と、有害物質を除去するための除去部２ａから構成される。
【０００７】
本有害物質除去焼却炉１の焼却部２は、一次燃焼室９内で焼却され発生した焼却灰を受け入れる灰受皿７が引き出し可能に収納されている灰受室８と、被焼却物５を燃焼焼却する加熱バーナ１２ａを備えた一次燃焼室９と、一次燃焼室９の上部に設けられた乾燥室１０からなる。図１中では加熱バーナ１２ａを示しているが、バ−ナのみに限定されるものではなく、ヒ−タを設置しても良く、またその他の熱源手段を設置してもよい。加熱バーナ１２ａを設置しない構造であってもよい。
【０００８】
燃焼室９と乾燥室１０間には空気を取り入れるための多数の貫通孔１０ｂ、１
０ｂ、１０ｂ・・・が形成されている仕切１０ａがあり、仕切１０ａ上には水分を大量に含む生ゴミ４が置かれる。
【０００９】
被焼却物５の燃焼により発生する燃焼熱が、貫通孔１０ｂ、１０ｂ、１０ｂ、１０ｂ、１０ｂ、・・・を通り、仕切り１０ａ上に置かれている水分を大量に含んでいる生ゴミ４中の水分を蒸発させて乾燥する。勿論、焼却部２には乾燥室１０を設けない構造としてもよい。仕切り１０ａの構造を皿状の仕切りとしてもよく、また格子状の仕切りとしてもよい。
【００１０】
焼却部２の一次燃焼室９の火格子９ａの近接位置には、一次燃焼室９内の一般焼却ゴミである被焼却物５を効率的に焼却するために、被焼却物５を焼却前に着火し加熱しておくための加熱バーナ１２ａが設置されている。加熱バーナ１２ａのようにバ−ナである必要はなく、ヒ−タであってもよく、その他の加熱手段であってもよい。
【００１１】
火格子９ａの下方には、生ゴミ４及び被焼却物５が焼却されることにより発生する焼却灰を受け取る灰受皿７を灰受室８内に設けており、灰受室８内の灰受皿７は、灰受室８から取り出し可能に設置されるので、灰受皿７を取り出し灰受皿７に積もった焼却灰を本焼却炉１外に取り出すことでができる。
【００１２】
灰受皿７に代わりに、焼却灰を搬出する手段として振動式コンベアーベルト、回転式コンベアーベルト等を設置してもよく、落下した焼却灰を吸引する手段により取り出す構造としてもよい。
【００１３】
図１に示すように、本焼却炉１の除去部２ａは、焼却部２より排出される未燃ガスを焼却するためのバーナ１２が設置されている二次燃焼室１１と、焼却部２の灰受室８と一次燃焼室９と乾燥室１０内を常時負圧状態とするファン３とから構成されている。符号１３は、二次燃焼室１１により未燃ガスが燃焼され、大気中に排出するための排煙口１３である。勿論、バーナ１２をヒ−タ、その他の加熱手段としてもよい。
【００１４】
焼却部２内を常時負圧状態にしておく手段としては、図１に示すように、除去部２ａにファン３を設置して、ファン３を回転させて焼却部２内の燃焼熱気を吸い込むようにして焼却部２内を負圧状態にする吸引式負圧手段と図２に示すようにブロワ−３ａにより二次燃焼室１１内の排煙筒３ｂ内に空気を強制的に送り込み、送り込まれた空気の流れに二次燃焼室１１内の煙りを便乗させて排出させることにより焼却部２内を負圧状態とする送風式負圧手段とがある。
【００１５】
焼却炉２の一次燃焼室９及び乾燥室１０内では、炉床６に形成されている空気取入孔６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、・・・から取り込まれた空気が、除去部２ａのファン３により、常時、矢印Ａ方向に送り出されているので、空気は空気取入孔６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ→灰受室８→一次燃焼室９→乾燥室１０→二次燃焼室１１→ファン３→排煙口１３のように一定の方向に流れており、焼却部２内が常時負圧に保たれている。ファン３は吸引式負圧手段であるが、送風式負圧手段としてもよい。
【００１６】
本有害物質除去焼却炉１の除去部２ａに設置されているファン３の回転速度は調節することができ、ファン３の回転速度を調節することにより、炉床６の空気取入孔６ａから灰受室８、一次燃焼室９及び乾燥室１０内に取り込む空気量を微妙に調節することができる。このように、ファン３の回転速度を調節することにより焼却部２内に取り込む空気量を制御することができるので、焼却部２内の酸素を必要最小限に押さえることができる。
【００１７】
焼却部２内に生ゴミ４及び被焼却物５を満杯に詰め燃焼させると、吸引した空気分だけ下層部より燃焼して行き、上層部は酸欠状態となり、焼却部２内には、未燃ガスと未燃カーボンが大量に発生し、還元雰囲気下となる。還元雰囲気下では一酸化炭素とダイオキシン等の有害物質の発生を抑えることができ、この還元雰囲気下の状態は酸素を薄く、３００℃以上５００℃で焼却するとダイオキシン、窒素酸化物、硫黄酸化物、塩化水素が熱分解されるため排煙中にはダイオキシン、ＮＯｘ、ＳＯｘ、ＨＣＬ等の有害物質が非常に少なくなる。
【００１８】
還元雰囲気下の未燃ガスや未燃カーボン等を二次燃焼室１１でバーナ１２を点火し、未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等を約８００℃以上の高温で焼却すると、未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等が未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等に含まれる一酸化炭素又はダイオキシン等を発生させることなく熱分解し除去され、排煙口１３からは還元雰囲気下で排煙中に含まれていた有害物質が完全に取り除かれて排煙口１３から排出される。バーナ１２は、バ−ナのみに限定されるものではなく、ヒ−タを設置しても良く、またその他の熱源手段を設置してもよい。
【００１９】
一酸化炭素又はダイオキシン等の有害物質を除去するための、二次燃焼室１１で焼却する最も好ましい温度は約８００℃以上の高温で焼却することであり、この温度の還元雰囲気下で排煙中に含まれていた未燃ガス、一酸化炭素等の有害物質が効率的に熱分解し除去される。
【００２０】
図２は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第２実施例の縦断面図である。本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ａでは、焼却部２の構成は図１に示した構成と同様であるが、除去部２ａの構成が異なる。そして、本例では、焼却部２内を負圧状態にする手段としてはブロワ−３ａによる「送風式負圧手段」を採用している。
【００２１】
即ち、除去部２ａは、排煙筒１１ａを内設するとともにバーナ１２を備えた二次燃焼室１１と、送風用のファン３を内蔵するブロワ−３ａとから構成されている。排煙筒１１ａの下端の近接位置にブロワ−３ａの先端部が位置するように設置されている。または、ブロワ−３ａの先端部は排煙筒３ｂの下端の中央位置に近接させることがよい。バ−ナ１２は、バ−ナに限定されず、ヒ−タでもよく、またその他の加熱手段としてもよい。
【００２２】
ブロワ−３ａ内のファン３を駆動し回転させることにより矢印Ｂ方向に外気をブロワ−３ａ内に取り込み、取り込まれた空気は二次燃焼室１１内の排煙筒１１ａ内に送り出される際に、送風による負圧から二次燃焼室１１のバーナ１２によって焼却された煙りを伴って、二次燃焼室１１内の煙りは排煙筒１１ａ内を通って矢印Ｃに示す方向に排出される。
【００２３】
本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ａでは、焼却部２内で発生した有害物質を含む未燃ガス、未燃カーボン等からなる煙を焼却部２に連設されている除去部２ａの二次燃焼室１１にファン３の駆動により排煙筒３ｂ内に取り込み、二次燃焼室１１内で未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等の有害物質を含む還元雰囲気下で燃焼させて、排煙筒１１ａより有害物質を分解し除去した煙りを大気中に放出する。
【００２４】
図３は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第３実施例の縦断面図である。本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ｂでは、二次燃焼室１１に２基のバーナ１２、１２を設置した構成の有害物質除去焼却炉１ｂである。このように、二次燃焼室１１に２基のバーナ１２、１２を設置し燃焼させることにより、より効率的に有害物質を含む未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等からなる還元雰囲気下で図３中のＤにおいて焼却し、熱分解させることが可能となる。図３中では、二次燃焼室１１に２基のバ−ナ１２、１２のみが設置されているが、２基以上複数のバ−ナを設置してもよい。
【００２５】
本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ｂでは、ファン３を駆動させ回転させると、二次燃焼室１１の煙りは矢印Ａ方向に流れ、焼却部２内の空気は、ファン３により空煙りが吸引されるために灰受室８→一次燃焼室９→乾燥室１０→二次燃焼室１１の順に流れる。そのために、焼却部２内に充満している未燃ガス及び未燃カーボン等の有害物質を含む煙り（排気ガス）が、負圧状態となっている二次燃焼室１１に取り込まれ、バ−ナ１２、１２により煙りに含まれている有害物質を焼却して排煙口１３から排出される。本例では、吸引式負圧手段を採用している。
【００２６】
図４及び図５は、空気を吹き込む場合と空気を吸引する場合に、空気が被焼却物に対しどのような流れをするかを示した図である。図４は、ファン１４を回転させ被焼却物に空気を当てて「空気を吹き込む場合」に被焼却物の外周の空気の流れる状態を示した図である。図５はファン１４を回転させ「空気を吸引する場合」に被焼却物の外周の空気の流れる状態を示した図である。図４は従来の焼却炉内での空気の流れ方、即ち、「空気を送り込む場合」を示した図であり、図５は本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉のように「空気を取り込む場合」の空気の流れ方を示した図である。
【００２７】
従来の焼却炉の空気の流れ方を示した図４では、ファン１４の回転によって空気を物体（被焼却物）に向かって吹き付けると、空気は矢印Ｅに示すように物体（被焼却物）１５の前面１５ａに当たり、空気は層流から乱流になり物体（被焼却物）１５の上面と下面に別れて流れ、物体（被焼却物）１５の背面１５ｂには空気は流れ込むことはない。
【００２８】
そのために、空気は物体（被焼却物）１５の前面１５ａのみに当たり、物体（被焼却物）１５の背面１５ｂには空気が当たることがなく、物体（被焼却物）１５の背面には新しい空気が流れることがないため、物体（被焼却物）１５の背面１５ｂ部分が未燃焼部分となり焼却されず残存してしまう。加圧のため物体（被焼却物）被焼却物１５の空隙には圧力損失及び閉塞するために奥まで空気が届かず未燃焼部分が残存する。
【００２９】
図５はファン１４を駆動し回転させ「空気を吸引する場合」による際の被焼却物の外周の空気が流れる状態を示した図である。本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１、１ａ、１ｂ内の空気の流れ方を示した図５では、ファン１４の回転により、空気を吸引し、吸引された空気は矢印Ｆ方向に流れる。このとき物体（被焼却物）１５の前面１５ａ、背面１５ｂ、下面及び下面の全外周面に万遍なく新しい空気が当たるので、空気を吸引している状態で物体（被焼却物）１５を燃焼させれば物体（被焼却物）１５は完全燃焼するものである。また、このような空気を吸引している状態、即ち、焼却部部２内を負圧状態として物体（被焼却物）１５を燃焼させると被焼却物２０自体の空隙にも微量の空気が流れるので物体（被焼却物）１５に未燃焼部分が残存することが無く完全燃焼する。
【００３０】
図６は本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内の温度の経時変化を示した表である。図２を参照しながら説明すると、一次燃焼室出口温度曲線１６は図２のＧ点で測定したものであり、二次燃焼室上部温度曲線１７は図２のＨ点で測定したものである。
【００３１】
一次燃焼室出口温度が４５０度未満の期間１８は、ダイオキシン等の有害物質が分解されずに排煙中に含まれるため、二次燃焼室１１内のバーナ１２を点火し、有害物質を燃焼させ排煙中から取り除く。
【００３２】
一次燃焼室の出口温度が４５０度以上の期間１９は、一次燃焼室９内の空気量が必要最小限に抑えられているため、焼却部２内に被焼却物２０を満杯に詰め燃焼させると、吸引した空気量だけ下層部より燃焼していき、上層部は酸欠状態となり、一次燃焼室９内の未燃ガス及び未燃カーボンが発生した状態である還元雰囲気下で二次燃焼室において燃焼され、ダイオキシン、一酸化炭素の発生が抑えられると共に、これらの有害物質が分解されるため排煙中に含まれない。
【００３３】
図７は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉により被焼却物を焼却した焼却炉の排煙中に含まれるダイオキシンとジベンゾフランの濃度と毒性等量濃度を示した表である。
【００３４】
図７に示すように、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１、１ａ、１ｂでは、ダイオキシンの毒性等量濃度は０．０３１ｎｇ／ｍ^３であり、濃度は平成９年１２月１日から改正施行される大気汚染防止法と廃棄物処理法で定められている基準である０．１ｎｇ／ｍ^３を下回っているとの測定結果を得ている。また、ジベンゾフランの排出量もまた極めて少ない。
【００３５】
図８は、従来の焼却炉内の空気の流れ方を示した図、即ち、空気を吹き込み被焼却物に空気を当てる構造の焼却炉内の被焼却物と空気の流れを示した図である。図９は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉内の空気の流れ方を示した図、即ち、空気を吸引して被焼却物に空気を当てる構造の焼却炉内の被焼却物と空気の流れを示した図である。
【００３６】
従来のようなブロワ−等により被焼却物に空気を吹き込み物体（被焼却物）１５を焼却する場合には、焼却炉２の燃焼室９ｃで物体（被焼却物）５を燃焼させるのには粉砕した被焼却物に着火し、着火面に向かってファン１４等で送風１４ａし、物体（被焼却物）１５に強制的に直接空気を当て、燃焼状態を確認しながら燃焼させていた。このようにブロワ−のファン１４による送風１４ａのため空気が直接物体（被焼却物））被焼却物１５に当たる前面１５ａだけは良く燃焼する。また、送風の空気により被焼却物前面１５ａより物体（被焼却物）１５内部に向かってほんの僅かであるが徐々に内部に燃焼部分１５ｃが進行する。
【００３７】
しかし、送風した空気が当たらない部分、つまり被焼却物１５の背面１５ｂでは、被焼却物前面１５ａにおいて燃焼させた後の空気が被焼却物背面１５ｂに廻ることもあって酸素が薄く、物体（被焼却物）１５の背後は通常乱流１４ｂが発生し空気が薄くなると共に、物体（被焼却物）１５の背面１５ｂに燃焼部分があってもその燃焼を物体内部に進行させるように空気が閉塞し吹きつけないため燃焼部分が物体（被焼却物）１５の内部に進行しない。
【００３８】
そのために、図８に示すように、物体（被焼却物）１５のほとんどが完全燃焼して灰になることはなく、特に、物体（被焼却物）１５に未燃焼部分１５ｄが多く残ってしまう。このように従来の空気を吹き付ける方式により燃焼させる方法では、物体（被焼却物）１５から有害物質を発生させない条件として通常知られているところの完全燃焼という条件を満たせなくなってしまう。
【００３９】
ところが、図９に示すように、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉１、１ａ、１ｂでは、物体（被焼却物）１５を燃焼させるのに物体（被焼却物）１５に直接空気を当てず、ファン１４を駆動回転させて空気を一次燃焼室９内に吸引する方法（吸引式負圧手段）により負圧状態にすると、焼却部２内が負圧状態となるために、空気が取込口外の無限空間から取り込まれた空気は、直接、物体（被焼却物）１５に当たらず、吸引取り込まれた空気（吸入空気）１４ｃは物体（被焼却物）１５の外周面全面に空気が万遍なく流れる。
【００４０】
このため、負圧状態によって物体（被焼却物）１５の背面１５ｂに乱流を起こすこともなく、物体（被焼却物）１５の外周面全面を空気が滑らかに流れると共に、物体（被焼却物）１５の前面１５ａにある燃焼部分が物体（被焼却物）１５の内部の空隙にも微量の空気が流れるので周囲に向かって確実に進行し完全に燃焼する。
【００４１】
一次焼却室９内が負圧状態となり、空気を空気取込口から取り込む（吸引する）ので、物体（被焼却物））１５の外周面全面は勿論のこと、物体（被焼却物）１５の内部にある僅かな隙間１５ｅを通って空気が行き渡り、物体（被焼却物）１５内部より全体が万遍なく燃焼し、完全に灰になるまで燃焼してしまう。
【００４２】
図９に示すような理由に、物体（被焼却物）１５のほとんどが完全燃焼して灰になり、被焼却物が灰になるまで完全に燃焼する。このように本発明による空気を吸引する場合方法により負圧状態を利用した燃焼方法によって、物体（被焼却物）１５から有害物質を発生させない条件として通常知られているところの完全燃焼という条件を満たすことができる。
【００４３】
実際に、使用済みの会計伝票、約１ｍ×０．５ｍの上質ロール紙、生ゴミ等を本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の一次燃焼室９に粉砕せず密に詰め込んで燃焼実験してみたところ、煙突より出る煙はほとんどなく、また、被焼却物の焼却後の焼却灰も白くなるまで完全に燃焼しきっていた。特に、隙間がほとんど全く無い上質ロール紙にクレ−タ状の穴が開き、空気が間隙を通り抜けるので燃え残りが全くなく完全に燃焼して白い焼却灰になったことから、本焼却炉の負圧を利用した燃焼方法が従来のものより格段に良いことを実験によって確認した。
【００４４】
図１０、図１１、図１２、図１３、図１４及び図１５は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内で被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。即ち、図１０〜図１５は、本焼却炉の一次焼却室９内に置かれた被焼却物２０がどのような状態で燃焼していくかを順次示した図である。
【００４５】
図１０〜図１５に示す焼却部２は乾燥室１０が無い構造の焼却部であり、図１、図２及び図３に示した焼却部の一次燃焼室９と同一構造である。貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・が形成される火格子９ａにより、一次燃焼室９と灰受室８とに分かれている。一次燃焼室９の上端には排煙を排出する吸引口９ｄを設けると共に、空気を取り入れるための多数の空気取入孔６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、・・・が形成されている炉床６と、火格子９ａとの間にある灰受室８内に被焼却物２０が焼却されることにより発生する焼却灰を受け取る灰受皿７を取り出し可能に設けたものである。
【００４６】
図１０から図１５では、物体（被焼却物）１５に加熱着火した状態から説明するので、図１ｌから図１５に示した焼却部２には加熱バーナ１２ａ、ヒータ等の熱源等を表示していない。
【００４７】
先ず、図１０に示すように、本焼却部２の一次燃焼室９内に被焼却部２０が積み上げられ、被焼却物２０の下部に点火する。点火すると、被焼却物２０の下部は酸化燃焼部２０ｂで貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・より取り込まれる空気中の酸素と共に被焼却物２０が燃焼する。酸化燃焼部２０ｂの上には、全く燃焼しない状態の未燃焼部２０ａが存在する。
【００４８】
焼却部２の上部に形成されている吸引口９ｄは、図１から図３で示した本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉を構成する有害物質を除去する除去部２ａに連設されており、除去部２ａ内に設けられたファン３が回転することにより空気が焼却部２内に吸引され取り込まれる。
【００４９】
吸引口９ｄから一次燃焼室９内の熱気が吸引されることで、一次燃焼室９内は負圧状態となり、空気取込孔６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、６ａ、・・・を通って貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・より新鮮な空気が吸引される。
【００５０】
新鮮な空気は、被焼却物２０内の酸化燃焼部２０ｂ及び未燃焼部２０ａの隙間を通過して被焼却物２０の上方に抜ける。新鮮な空気が被焼却物２０の下部にある酸化燃焼部２０ｂを通過する際、被焼却物２０内を通過する新鮮な空気は酸化燃焼を促進させると共に、煙をたっぷり含んで未燃焼部２０ａを通過し被焼却物２０上方に抜け出る。
【００５１】
被焼却物２０上方に抜け出た煙をたっぷり含んだ熱気内には一酸化炭素又はダイオキシン等の有害物質が還元雰囲気下で熱分解し微量に混在しているが、燃焼させることによって一酸化炭素又はダイオキシン等の未燃ガス及び未燃カーボンが微量に混在している。これら一酸化炭素又はダイオキシン等の有害物質を発生させる未燃ガス及び未燃カーボンを含んだ熱気は還元雰囲気下２１中で熱分解し、被焼却物２０の上方に漂うと共に吸引口９ｃから除去部２ａに送り出される。
【００５２】
次に、図１１に示すように、酸化燃焼部２０ｂは貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・より吸入される新鮮な空気が供給されることで、安定した燃焼を継続する。ところが、酸化燃焼部２０ｂの上の未燃焼部２０ａには、酸化燃焼部２０ｂを通過することにより酸素を失うと共に、熱気及び煙を含んだ還元雰囲気下２１が通過するので、熱気及び煙を含んだ酸欠空気により燻燃される燻燃部２０ｃが徐々に形成される。
【００５３】
酸化燃焼部２０ｂ及び燻燃部２０ｃの範囲は、被焼却物２０の内部を通過する空気により、被焼却物２０内の下層から上層へと徐々に酸化燃焼部２０ｂ及び燻燃部２０ｃの範囲を広げていく。
【００５４】
更に、図１２に示すように、酸化燃焼部２０ｂの内部で燃焼し尽くすと、白色の焼却灰部２０ｄが酸化燃焼部２０ｂ内に形成される。焼却灰２０ｄは、貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・より灰受室８内に設置されている灰受皿７に積もる。
【００５５】
そして、図１３に示すように、被焼却物２０の燃焼が進むと未燃焼部２０ａ及び薫燃部２０ｃの一部を突き破るようにして酸化燃焼部２０ｂが上昇する。この時、被焼却物２０の上方から見ると酸化燃焼部２０ｂが見えるようになる。即ち、図１３に示すように、酸化燃焼部２０ｂ及び燻燃部２０ｃが被焼却物２０の未燃焼部２０ａを徐々に減らしていくと共に、被焼却物２０の下層から順に焼却灰部２０ｄが徐々に大きく形成されてくる。
【００５６】
やがて、図１４に示すように、未燃焼部２０ａ及び燻燃部２０ｃが徐々に燃焼していき未燃焼部２０ａ及び燻燃部２０ｃが完全燃焼してしまう。還元雰囲気が減少して酸化燃焼部２０ｂが大半を占めるようになる。この状態では被焼却物２０はほぼ完全に燃焼した状態となり、被焼却物２０を上方より見てみると全体が真っ赤に燃えて大量の熱を発生している。
【００５７】
図１５に示すように、被焼却物２０が完全に燃焼し尽きてしまうと、被焼却物２０は全て真っ白な焼却灰のみとなり焼却灰部２０ｄが形成される。そして、貫通孔９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂ、・・・より灰受室８内の灰受皿７に落下する。
【００５８】
一般に、有害物質をほとんど発生させずに被焼却物を焼却するには、約８００℃以上の高温で燃焼させることと、燃えかすを残さず完全燃焼させることが必要であるといわれる。
【００５９】
本発明である有害物除去焼炉１は、図８及び図９で示した一次燃焼室９を負圧状態にしてエゼクター効果により空気を吸い込み万遍なく被焼却物２０を燃焼させる負圧燃焼の方法と、図１０から図１５に示したように、被焼却部の燃焼工程において燃焼及び燻燃を同時に進行させる半乾留燃焼の方法とにより被焼却物を完全燃焼させることができるのである。
【００６０】
また、吸引口９ｄより除去部２ａに送り込まれた還元雰囲気は、二次燃焼室１１で高温再燃焼され、還元雰囲気に含まれる未燃ガス、未燃カーボン、有機系臭気物、ダイオキシン等が熱分解され完全無害な燃焼排ガスとして大気中に放出される。
【００６１】
図１６は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第４実施例の縦断面図である。
本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ｃでは、二次燃焼室１１ａ内の排煙筒１１ａ内にブロワ−２３の送風管２３ａの先端部を差し込み設置するとともに、焼却部２と除去部２ａを接続する接続部９ｅにバ−ナ２２を設置した構造である。
【００６２】
本例の有害物質除去焼却炉１ｃでは、ブロワ−２３からの送風を強制的に排煙筒１１ａ内に送り込み、排煙筒１１ａから強制的に煙りを排出させることにより焼却部２及び除去部２ａ内を負圧にする方法、即ち送風式負圧手段を採用している。
【００６３】
符号６ｂは、取り込む空気を調節するための空気調節弁である。空気調節弁６ｂを炉床６の下に設け、空気調節弁６ｂを移動させる方法により炉床６に形成されている空気取込孔６ａを閉じたり開いたりすることにより取り込む空気の量を調節するのである。図１、図２及び図３に示した有害物質除去焼却炉１、１ａ、１ｂにも、空気調節弁６ｂを設けてもよい。
【００６４】
図１７は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の別の送風式負圧手段（ブロワ−式負圧手段）を示した縦断面図である。本送風式負圧手段では、符号２４は焼却部や二次燃焼室から排出される煙りを大気中に排出する排煙部２４、符号２５はブロワ−からの風を排煙部内２４ａに送り込むための突出筒、符号２６は焼却部、二次燃焼室に接続する接続部である。
【００６５】
本送風式負圧手段では、ブロワ−に接続されている突出筒２５の突出筒内２５ａからブロワ−より強制的に送り込まれる空気は、排煙部２４の排煙部内２４ａからを通り強制的に排煙口２４ｂから排出されるが、その時には排煙筒内２４ａは負圧状態となるために、焼却部２、二次燃焼室１１等にある焼却により発生した煙りが、接続部２６の吸引口２６ａより排煙筒内２４ａ内に吸引された後、煙り（排気ガス）は排煙口２４ｂから強制的に大気中に排出される。
【００６６】
本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉を示した図１、図２、図３及び図１６では、除去部２ａが１基連設されているように思われるが、除去部２ａは焼却部２に複数基設置した構造としてもよい。
【００６７】
図１８は、本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の除去部に代えて取り付けらるサイクロンを示した図である。図１８に示すように、サイクロン２７は、下部がテ−パ状に形成されている形状をしている。
【００６８】
サイクロン２７を除去部２ａの代わりに焼却部２に連設させてもよい。サイクロン内２７ａには、焼却部２内から発生した煙り（排気ガス）が流入する。サイクロン内２７ａに流入した煙り中に含まれる塵は、塵受け２７ｃに落下し、除塵された煙りは排煙筒２８内を通り大気中に放出される。
【００６９】
除塵された煙りが、大気中に放出されるのは、ブロワ−の送風管２９の先端部から排煙筒２８内に強制的に送出される風に乗り、サイクロン内２７ａの除塵された煙りが排煙筒２８内に吸い込まれて大気中に放出される。除塵された煙りが強制的放出されると、サイクロン内２７ａは負圧となり、焼却部２内の焼却煙りをサイクロン内２７ａに吸引するために、焼却部２内も負圧状態となるので、炉床６に形成されている空気取入孔６ａから酸素を含む新鮮な空気が焼却部２内に取り込まれる。
【００７０】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上に説明したような構成であるから以下の効果が得られる。第１に、一次燃焼室内の空気量を制御することによって、一次燃焼室内を還元雰囲気下にし、一酸化炭素、ダイオキシン等の有害物質の発生を抑制するとともに、
下層部は酸化燃焼部で８００℃以上、上層部は還元雰囲気で３００℃以上５００℃で燃焼することによっての有害物質を完全に熱分解し除去することができる。
【００７１】
第２に、一次燃焼室では加熱し、排煙を第二次燃焼室において焼却しすることにより排煙中に含まれる有害物質を８００℃以上で熱分解し、消煙及び消臭が効率的になされる。
【００７２】
下
第３に、吸引式負圧手段、送風式負圧手段等により８００℃以上で焼却し、排気ガス（煙り）を手段により送り込んだ空気とを混合し、冷却すると３００℃以上の排ガスになるために、ダイオキシン等の生成がなされない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第１実施例の縦断面図である。
【図２】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第２実施例の縦断面図である。
【図３】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第３実施例の縦断面図である。
【図４】従来の焼却炉内での空気の流れ方を示した図である。
【図５】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉内での空気の流れ方を示した図である。
【図６】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内の温度の経時変化を示した表である。
【図７】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉により被焼却物を焼却した焼却炉の排煙中に含まれるダイオキシンとジベンゾフランの濃度と毒性等量濃度を示した表である。
【図８】従来の焼却炉内での空気の流れ方を示した図である。
【図９】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉内での空気の流れ方を示した図である。
【図１０】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１１】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１２】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１３】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１４】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１５】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の焼却部内での被焼却物の燃焼状態を示した図である。
【図１６】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の第４実施例の縦断面図である。
【図１７】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の送風式負圧手段の別の構造を示した縦断面図である。
【図１８】本発明である有害物質除去焼却炉の除去部の代わりに取り付けらるサイクロンを示した図である。
【符号の説明】
１〜１ｃ有害物質除去焼却炉
２焼却部
２ａ除去部
３ファン
３ａブロワ−
３ｂ排煙筒
４生ゴミ
５被焼却物
６炉床
６ａ空気取入孔
６ｂ空気調節弁
７灰受皿
８灰受室
９一次燃焼室
９ａ火格子
９ｂ貫通孔
９ｃ燃焼室
９ｄ吸引口
９ｅ接続部
１０乾燥室
１０ａ仕切
１０ｂ貫通孔
１１二次燃焼室
１１ａ排煙筒
１２バーナ
１２ａ加熱バーナ
１３排煙口
１４ファン
１４ａ送風
１４ｂ乱流
１４ｃ吸入空気
１５物体（被焼却物）
１５ａ前面
１５ｂ背面
１５ｃ燃焼部分
１５ｄ未燃焼部分
１５ｅ隙間
１６一次燃焼室出口温度曲線
１７二次燃焼室上部温度曲線
１８４５０度未満の期間
１９４５０度以上の期間
２０被焼却物
２０ａ未燃焼部
２０ｂ酸化燃焼部
２０ｃ燻燃部
２０ｄ焼却灰部
２１還元雰囲気下
２２バ−ナ
２３ブロワ−
２３ａ送風管
２４排煙部
２４ａ排煙部内
２４ｂ排煙口
２５突出筒
２５ａ突出筒内
２６接続部
２６ａ吸引口
２７サイクロン
２７ａサイクロン内
２７ｂ下部
２７ｃ塵受け
２８排煙筒
２９送風管[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an improvement of an incinerator for removing harmful substances contained in flue gas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional incinerator, an incinerator is ignited by a burner in the incinerator, and a large amount of air is sent into the furnace to burn the incinerator. Further, in the conventional incinerator, only the incinerated object corresponding to the amount of air that can be fed into the furnace can be put into the furnace.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even if the incineration object is ignited and burned in the incinerator, air does not flow uniformly in the incineration object, and the combustion temperature in the incinerator decreases as the incineration object is introduced. Incinerated products are prone to incomplete combustion. For this reason, there is a drawback that a large amount of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin are generated and scattered in the atmosphere.
In addition, because air is forcibly sent into the incinerator and the incinerator is combusted in the furnace, the inside of the furnace is pressurized. There was a drawback of scattering inside.
[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator that removes harmful substances that hardly contain harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin in the flue gas and do not disperse the harmful substances into the atmosphere. Is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is provided with a hearth 6 formed with an air intake hole 6a, a grate 9a formed with a through hole 9b, and a partition 10a formed with a through hole 10b. An ash receiving chamber 8 in which an ash receiving tray 7 can be put in and out is stored between the floor 6 and the grate 9a, and the incinerated object 5 is incinerated between the grate 9a and the partition 10a at a position close to the grate 9a. A primary combustion chamber 9 provided with a heating burner 12a that is ignited and heated before is provided with a drying chamber 10 on the partition 10a, and an air control valve 6b is provided below the hearth 6 with the amount of air taken in. An incinerator 2 provided with an air control valve 6b for adjusting by a moving method, a secondary combustion chamber 11 provided with a burner 12, and a fan 3 capable of adjusting the rotational speed and constantly in a negative pressure inside the incinerator 2 were provided. A removal unit 2a having suction negative pressure means; The removal unit 2a is connected to the incineration unit 2 and the amount of air taken into the incineration unit 2 is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the fan 3, and the incineration unit 2 is placed in a reducing atmosphere to be covered. Structure 1 of the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1 characterized by burning incinerated materials, a hearth 6 having an air intake hole 6a, a grate 9a having a through hole 9b, and a through hole 10b are formed inside. An ash receiving chamber 8 in which an ash receiving tray 7 is detachably stored between the hearth 6 and the grate 9a is provided between the hearth 6 and the grate 9a, and the grate 9a is provided between the grate 9a and the partition 10a. A primary combustion chamber 9 provided with a heating burner 12a for igniting and heating the incinerated object 5 before incineration at a position, a drying chamber 10 provided on the partition 10a, and an air control valve below the hearth 6 Adjust the amount of air taken in by moving the 6b A blower 3a is provided in a secondary combustion chamber 11 provided with an incinerator 2 provided with an air regulating valve 6b, a smoke exhaust cylinder 3b, and a burner 12 which burns harmful substances and removes them from the smoke. It consists of the removal part 2a of the blower negative pressure means attached at the position close to the lower end of the smoke evacuation cylinder 3b. The removal part 2a of the blower negative pressure means is connected to the incineration part 2, and the incineration part 2 The amount of air taken into the incinerator 2 is controlled, and the incinerator 2 is placed in a reducing atmosphere so that the incinerated material is burned. A hearth 6 formed with 6a, a grate 9a formed with a through hole 9b, and a partition 10a formed with a through hole 10b were provided, and an ash tray 7 was stored between the hearth 6 and the grate 9a so that it could be put in and out. The ash receiving chamber 8 is connected to the grate 9a and the grate Between the partitions 10a, a primary combustion chamber 9 provided with a heating burner 12a that ignites and heats the incinerated object 5 before incineration in the vicinity of the grate 9a, and a drying chamber 10 is provided on the partition 10a, An air regulating valve 6b for regulating the amount of air taken under the hearth 6 by a method of moving the air regulating valve 6b; The incineration unit 2 The blower-type negative pressure means in which the tip of the blower 23 is inserted and installed in the smoke exhaust cylinder 11a in the secondary combustion chamber 11 provided with the burner 12 which is provided with the burner 12 which combusts harmful substances and removes the exhaust from the exhaust gas. It consists of a removing part 2a, a connecting part 9e to which the incinerator 2 and the removing part 2a are connected and a burner 22 is attached. The amount of air taken into the incinerator 2 is controlled, and the inside of the incinerator 2 is reduced. It was set as the structure of the intoxication substance removal incinerator 1c characterized by burning the to-be-incinerated material 5 under atmosphere.
[0006]
【Example】
The hazardous substance removal incinerators 1, 1a, 1b, and 1c according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a hazardous substance removal incinerator 1 according to the present invention. The hazardous substance removal incinerator 1 according to the present invention includes an incineration unit 2 that incinerates garbage 4 and incinerated objects 5 that are general incineration wastes, and a removal unit 2a that removes harmful substances.
[0007]
The incinerator 2 of the present hazardous substance removal incinerator 1 burns the ash receiving chamber 8 in which an ash receiving tray 7 for receiving the incinerated ash generated by incineration in the primary combustion chamber 9 is housed so that it can be pulled out, and the incinerated object 5 It consists of a primary combustion chamber 9 provided with a heating burner 12a to be incinerated, and a drying chamber 10 provided in the upper part of the primary combustion chamber 9. Although the heating burner 12a is shown in FIG. 1, it is not limited to the burner, but a heater may be installed, or other heat source means may be installed. The structure which does not install the heating burner 12a may be sufficient.
[0008]
A large number of through holes 10b, 1 for taking in air between the combustion chamber 9 and the drying chamber 10
There is a partition 10a in which 0b, 10b... Are formed, and garbage 4 containing a large amount of moisture is placed on the partition 10a.
[0009]
The combustion heat generated by the combustion of the incinerated material 5 passes through the through holes 10b, 10b, 10b, 10b, 10b,... And contains a large amount of water placed on the partition 10a. The water is evaporated and dried. Of course, the incinerator 2 may have a structure in which the drying chamber 10 is not provided. The structure of the partition 10a may be a dish-shaped partition or a lattice-shaped partition.
[0010]
Before the incineration object 5 is incinerated, in order to efficiently incinerate the incineration object 5, which is general incineration waste in the primary combustion chamber 9, at a position near the grate 9 a of the primary combustion chamber 9 of the incineration unit 2. A heating burner 12a for igniting and heating is installed. The heating burner 12a is not necessarily a burner, and may be a heater or other heating means.
[0011]
Below the grate 9a, an ash receiving tray 7 is provided in the ash receiving chamber 8 for receiving the incinerated ash generated when the garbage 4 and the incinerated object 5 are incinerated, and the ash receiving tray in the ash receiving chamber 8 is provided. 7 is installed so that it can be taken out from the ash receiving chamber 8, so that the ash receiving tray 7 can be taken out and the incineration ash accumulated in the ash receiving tray 7 can be taken out of the incinerator 1.
[0012]
Instead of the ash tray 7, a vibratory conveyor belt, a rotary conveyor belt, or the like may be installed as a means for carrying out the incinerated ash, or a structure for taking out the incinerated ash that has fallen may be adopted.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, the removal unit 2 a of the incinerator 1 includes a secondary combustion chamber 11 in which a burner 12 for incinerating unburned gas discharged from the incineration unit 2 is installed, and an incineration unit 2. The ash receiving chamber 8, the primary combustion chamber 9, and the fan 3 are always in a negative pressure state in the drying chamber 10. Reference numeral 13 denotes a smoke outlet 13 for burning unburned gas in the secondary combustion chamber 11 and discharging it into the atmosphere. Of course, the burner 12 may be used as a heater or other heating means.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, a means for keeping the incineration unit 2 in a negative pressure state is to install a fan 3 in the removal unit 2a and rotate the fan 3 to suck in hot combustion air in the incineration unit 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the suction-type negative pressure means for making the inside of the incinerator 2 into a negative pressure state and the blower-3a forcibly sent air into the flue gas cylinder 3b in the secondary combustion chamber 11 There is a blower-type negative pressure means that places the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 on the air flow and discharges it to place the incinerator 2 in a negative pressure state.
[0015]
In the primary combustion chamber 9 and the drying chamber 10 of the incinerator 2, the air taken in from the air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a,. The air is always sent in the direction of arrow A by the fan 3, so that the air is in the air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a → the ash receiving chamber 8 → the primary combustion chamber 9 → the drying chamber 10 → the secondary combustion. It flows in a certain direction such as chamber 11 → fan 3 → smoke exit 13 and the inside of the incinerator 2 is always kept at a negative pressure. The fan 3 is a suction negative pressure means, but may be a blower negative pressure means.
[0016]
The rotational speed of the fan 3 installed in the removal section 2a of the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1 can be adjusted. By adjusting the rotational speed of the fan 3, the ash is removed from the air intake hole 6a of the hearth 6. The amount of air taken into the receiving chamber 8, the primary combustion chamber 9, and the drying chamber 10 can be finely adjusted. In this way, the amount of air taken into the incinerator 2 can be controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the fan 3, so that the oxygen in the incinerator 2 can be kept to the minimum necessary.
[0017]
When the garbage 4 and the incinerated object 5 are filled in the incinerator 2 and burnt, the inhaled air burns from the lower part, the upper part becomes oxygen deficient, and the incinerator 2 A large amount of combustion gas and unburned carbon is generated, and the atmosphere is reduced. Under the reducing atmosphere, generation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin can be suppressed. In this reducing atmosphere, oxygen is thin, and when incinerated at 300 ° C to 500 ° C, dioxin, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, Since hydrogen chloride is thermally decomposed, harmful substances such as dioxin, NOx, SOx, and HCL are extremely reduced in the flue gas.
[0018]
When unburned gas or unburned carbon in a reducing atmosphere is ignited by the burner 12 in the secondary combustion chamber 11 and the unburned gas and unburned carbon are incinerated at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher, the unburned gas and unburned carbon Harmful carbon contained in unburned gas and unburned carbon without being generated carbon monoxide or dioxin, etc. The substance is completely removed and discharged from the smoke outlet 13. The burner 12 is not limited to the burner, but a heater may be installed, or other heat source means may be installed.
[0019]
In order to remove harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin, the most preferable temperature for incineration in the secondary combustion chamber 11 is incineration at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or more. Hazardous substances such as unburned gas and carbon monoxide contained in are efficiently decomposed and removed.
[0020]
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention. In the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1a of this example, the configuration of the incinerator 2 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, but the configuration of the remover 2a is different. And in this example, the "blower type negative pressure means" by the blower-3a is employ | adopted as a means to make the inside of the incineration part 2 into a negative pressure state.
[0021]
That is, the removal unit 2a includes a secondary combustion chamber 11 having a smoke exhaust cylinder 11a and a burner 12, and a blower 3a having a blower fan 3 built therein. The blower 3a is installed so that the tip of the blower-3a is positioned in the vicinity of the lower end of the smoke evacuation cylinder 11a. Or it is good to make the front-end | tip part of the blower-3a adjoin to the center position of the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe 3b. The burner 12 is not limited to a burner but may be a heater or other heating means.
[0022]
By driving and rotating the fan 3 in the blower-3a, the outside air is taken into the blower-3a in the direction of arrow B, and the taken-in air is blown into the flue gas cylinder 11a in the secondary combustion chamber 11. With the smoke incinerated by the burner 12 of the secondary combustion chamber 11 from the negative pressure due to the smoke, the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 passes through the smoke exhaust cylinder 11a and is discharged in the direction indicated by the arrow C.
[0023]
In the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1a of this example, the secondary combustion of the removal part 2a continuously connected to the incineration part 2 with smoke composed of unburned gas, unburned carbon, etc. containing harmful substances generated in the incineration part 2 The chamber 11 is driven into the smoke evacuation cylinder 3b by driving the fan 3, and is burned in the secondary combustion chamber 11 in a reducing atmosphere containing toxic substances such as unburned gas and unburned carbon. The smoke that has been decomposed and removed is released into the atmosphere.
[0024]
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention. The hazardous substance removal incinerator 1b of this example is a hazardous substance removal incinerator 1b having a configuration in which two burners 12 and 12 are installed in the secondary combustion chamber 11. In this way, by installing the two burners 12 and 12 in the secondary combustion chamber 11 and burning them, in a reducing atmosphere consisting of unburned gas and unburned carbon containing harmful substances more efficiently in FIG. It is possible to incinerate and thermally decompose at D. In FIG. 3, only two burners 12 and 12 are installed in the secondary combustion chamber 11, but two or more burners may be installed.
[0025]
In the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1b of this example, when the fan 3 is driven and rotated, the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 flows in the direction of arrow A, and the air in the incinerator 2 is sucked in by the fan 3 Therefore, the gas flows in the order of the ash receiving chamber 8 → the primary combustion chamber 9 → the drying chamber 10 → the secondary combustion chamber 11. For this purpose, smoke (exhaust gas) containing harmful substances such as unburned gas and unburned carbon filled in the incineration section 2 is taken into the secondary combustion chamber 11 in a negative pressure state, and the bar The harmful substances contained in the smoke are incinerated by the na 12 and 12 and discharged from the smoke exhaust port 13. In this example, suction type negative pressure means is adopted.
[0026]
4 and 5 are diagrams showing how air flows with respect to the incinerated object when air is blown and when air is sucked. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the air around the periphery of the incinerated object flows when the fan 14 is rotated to apply air to the incinerated object and “inject air”. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the air around the periphery of the incinerated material flows when the fan 14 is rotated and “when air is sucked”. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of air in a conventional incinerator, that is, “when air is fed”, and FIG. 5 is “when air is taken in” as in the hazardous substance removing incinerator of the present invention. It is the figure which showed how the air flows.
[0027]
In FIG. 4 showing the flow of air in the conventional incinerator, when the air is blown toward the object (incinerated object) by the rotation of the fan 14, the air (object to be incinerated) 15 as indicated by an arrow E. The air flows from the laminar flow into the turbulent flow and flows separately into the upper surface and the lower surface of the object (incinerated object) 15, and the air does not flow into the back surface 15 b of the object (incinerated object) 15.
[0028]
Therefore, air hits only the front surface 15 a of the object (incinerated object) 15, and air does not hit the back surface 15 b of the object (incinerated object) 15, and new air is applied to the back surface of the object (incinerated object) 15. Does not flow, the back surface 15b portion of the object (incinerated object) 15 becomes an unburned portion and remains without being incinerated. Due to the pressurization, the air (object to be incinerated) in the incinerated object 15 has a pressure loss and blockage, so that the air does not reach the back and an unburned portion remains.
[0029]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the air around the periphery of the incinerated object flows when the fan 14 is driven and rotated to “suction air”. In FIG. 5 showing the flow of air in the hazardous substance removal incinerators 1, 1 a, 1 b according to the present invention, the air is sucked by the rotation of the fan 14, and the sucked air flows in the direction of arrow F. At this time, since the new air is uniformly applied to the entire outer peripheral surface of the front surface 15a, the back surface 15b, the lower surface and the lower surface of the object (incinerated object) 15, the object (incinerated object) 15 is burned in a state of sucking air. If this is done, the object (incinerated object) 15 will burn completely. In addition, when such an air is sucked, that is, when the object (incinerated object) 15 is burned with the inside of the incinerator 2 in a negative pressure state, a small amount of air also flows in the gap of the incinerated object 20 itself. Therefore, the object (incinerated object) 15 is completely burned without any unburned portion remaining.
[0030]
FIG. 6 is a table showing the change over time of the temperature in the incineration part of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the primary combustion chamber outlet temperature curve 16 is measured at point G in FIG. 2, and the secondary combustion chamber upper temperature curve 17 is measured at point H in FIG.
[0031]
During the period 18 when the outlet temperature of the primary combustion chamber is less than 450 ° C., harmful substances such as dioxins are not decomposed and are contained in the flue gas, so the burner 12 in the secondary combustion chamber 11 is ignited to burn the harmful substances. Remove from flue gas.
[0032]
During the period 19 in which the outlet temperature of the primary combustion chamber is 450 ° C. or higher, the amount of air in the primary combustion chamber 9 is kept to the minimum necessary. In the secondary combustion chamber, the upper layer is burned from the lower portion by the amount of sucked air, the upper layer is in an oxygen deficient state, and the unburned gas and unburned carbon in the primary combustion chamber 9 are generated in a reducing atmosphere. Combusted, dioxins and carbon monoxide are suppressed, and these harmful substances are decomposed, so they are not included in the flue gas.
[0033]
FIG. 7 is a table showing dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations and toxic equivalent concentrations contained in the flue gas of the incinerator in which the incinerated product was incinerated by the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 7, in the hazardous substance removal incinerators 1, 1a and 1b according to the present invention, the toxic equivalent concentration of dioxin is 0.031 ng / m. ³ The concentration is 0.1 ng / m, which is the standard established by the Air Pollution Control Law and the Waste Management Law, which will be revised from December 1, 1997 ³ The measurement result that it is below is obtained. Dibenzofuran emissions are also very low.
[0035]
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of air in a conventional incinerator, that is, a diagram showing a flow of air to be incinerated and air in an incinerator having a structure in which air is blown and air is applied to the incinerated material. . FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the flow of air in the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention, that is, the incinerator and air in the incinerator having a structure in which air is sucked and applied to the incinerator. It is the figure which showed the flow.
[0036]
In the case where the object (incineration object) 15 is incinerated by blowing air into the incineration object with a conventional blower or the like, the object (incineration object) 5 is burned in the combustion chamber 9c of the incinerator 2. The pulverized incineration object was ignited, and air 14a was blown toward the ignition surface by a fan 14 or the like, and air was forcibly applied directly to the object (incineration object) 15 to burn while confirming the combustion state. Thus, only the front surface 15a where the air directly hits the object (incineration object) 15 to be incinerated due to the air blow 14a by the blower fan 14 burns well. Further, the combustion portion 15c gradually advances to the inside of the object (incineration object) 15 from the front surface 15a of the incineration object to the inside of the incineration object 15 by the blown air.
[0037]
However, in the portion where the blown air does not hit, that is, the back surface 15b of the incinerated object 15, the air after being burned in the incinerated object front surface 15a may travel to the incinerated object back surface 15b, so that oxygen is thin and the object ( The turbulent flow 14b is usually generated behind the incinerator 15), and the air is thinned, and even if there is a combustion portion on the back surface 15b of the object (incinerated) 15, the air travels to the inside of the object. Since it is blocked and not blown, the combustion part does not advance into the object (incinerated object) 15.
[0038]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, most of the object (incinerated object) 15 is not completely burned and becomes ash, and in particular, many unburned portions 15 d remain in the object (incinerated object) 15. . As described above, in the method of burning by the conventional air blowing method, it is impossible to satisfy the condition of complete combustion, which is generally known as a condition for preventing generation of harmful substances from the object (incinerated object) 15.
[0039]
However, as shown in FIG. 9, in the hazardous substance removal incinerators 1, 1 a, 1 b according to the present invention, air is not directly applied to the object (incinerated object) 15 in order to burn the object (incinerated object) 15. When the fan 14 is driven and rotated so that air is sucked into the primary combustion chamber 9 (suction type negative pressure means), the incineration section 2 is in a negative pressure state, so that the air is taken in. The air taken in from the infinite space outside the mouth does not directly hit the object (incinerated object) 15, and the air (inhaled air) 14 c sucked and taken in has a large amount of air on the entire outer peripheral surface of the object (incinerated object) 15. It flows evenly.
[0040]
Therefore, turbulent flow does not occur on the back surface 15b of the object (incinerated object) 15 due to the negative pressure state, and air smoothly flows over the entire outer peripheral surface of the object (incinerated object) 15, and the object (incinerated object). ) Since a small amount of air flows in the air gap inside the object (incinerated object) 15 in the combustion part on the front surface 15a of 15, it surely proceeds toward the surroundings and burns completely.
[0041]
Since the inside of the primary incineration chamber 9 is in a negative pressure state and air is taken in (sucked) from the air intake port, not only the entire outer peripheral surface of the object (incinerated object) 15 but also the object (incinerated object) 15 Air spreads through a small gap 15e inside, and the entire body (incinerated object) 15 burns uniformly from inside the object (incinerated object) 15 and burns until it becomes completely ash.
[0042]
For the reason shown in FIG. 9, most of the object (incinerated object) 15 burns completely to become ash, and completely burns until the incinerated object becomes ash. As described above, the condition of complete combustion, which is generally known as a condition for preventing generation of harmful substances from the object (incinerated object) 15 by the combustion method using the negative pressure state by the method of sucking air according to the present invention, is used. Can be satisfied.
[0043]
Actually, a used accounting slip, about 1m x 0.5m high-quality roll paper, raw garbage, etc. are packed closely into the primary combustion chamber 9 of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention without being crushed and subjected to a combustion experiment. As a result, there was almost no smoke coming out of the chimney, and the incineration ash after incineration of the incinerator was completely burned until it became white. In particular, a high-quality roll paper with almost no gaps has a crater-shaped hole, and air passes through the gaps, so there is no burning residue and it burns completely into white incineration ash. Experiments confirmed that the combustion method using pressure was much better than the conventional one.
[0044]
10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are diagrams showing the combustion state of the incineration object in the incineration section of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention. That is, FIGS. 10 to 15 are diagrams sequentially showing in what state the incineration object 20 placed in the primary incineration chamber 9 of the present incinerator burns.
[0045]
The incinerator 2 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 is an incinerator having a structure without the drying chamber 10, and has the same structure as the primary combustion chamber 9 of the incinerator shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. Are divided into a primary combustion chamber 9 and an ash receiving chamber 8 by a grate 9a in which through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,... Are formed. A furnace in which a suction port 9d for exhausting smoke is provided at the upper end of the primary combustion chamber 9 and a plurality of air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a,. An ash receiving tray 7 for receiving the incinerated ash generated when the incinerated object 20 is incinerated is provided in the ash receiving chamber 8 between the floor 6 and the grate 9a.
[0046]
10 to 15, the object (incineration object) 15 will be described as being heated and ignited. Therefore, the incinerator 2 shown in FIGS. 11 to 15 displays a heat source such as a heating burner 12 a and a heater. Absent.
[0047]
First, as shown in FIG. 10, the incinerator 20 is stacked in the primary combustion chamber 9 of the main incinerator 2, and the lower part of the incinerator 20 is ignited. When ignited, the incinerator 20 is combusted together with oxygen in the air taken in through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,... On the oxidation combustion part 20b, there exists an unburned part 20a in which no combustion occurs.
[0048]
The suction port 9d formed in the upper part of the incineration unit 2 is connected to the removal unit 2a that removes the harmful substance constituting the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention shown in FIGS. As the fan 3 provided in the removal unit 2a rotates, air is sucked into the incineration unit 2 and taken in.
[0049]
As the hot air in the primary combustion chamber 9 is sucked from the suction port 9d, the inside of the primary combustion chamber 9 is in a negative pressure state, and passes through the air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a,. Holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,... Fresher air is sucked.
[0050]
The fresh air passes through the gap between the oxidative combustion part 20b and the unburned part 20a in the incineration object 20, and escapes above the incineration object 20. When fresh air passes through the oxidation combustion part 20b at the lower part of the incineration object 20, the fresh air passing through the incineration object 20 promotes oxidation combustion, and also contains a lot of smoke to uncompress the unburned part 20a. Pass through and exit above the incinerator 20.
[0051]
In the hot air containing plenty of smoke that has escaped above the incineration object 20, harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin are thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere and mixed in a trace amount. A small amount of unburned gas such as dioxin and unburned carbon are mixed. The unburned gas that generates harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin and the hot air containing unburned carbon are pyrolyzed in a reducing atmosphere 21 and drift above the incinerated object 20 and are removed from the suction port 9c. 2a.
[0052]
Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the oxidation combustion unit 20b is supplied with fresh air sucked from the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,. . However, the unburned portion 20a above the oxidative combustion portion 20b loses oxygen by passing through the oxidative combustion portion 20b, and passes under a reducing atmosphere 21 containing hot air and smoke, so it contains hot air and smoke. A soot-burning portion 20c that is sooted by oxygen-deficient air is gradually formed.
[0053]
The range of the oxidation combustion part 20b and the soot burning part 20c is the range of the oxidation combustion part 20b and the soot burning part 20c gradually from the lower layer to the upper layer in the incineration object 20 by the air passing through the inside of the incineration object 20. Expand.
[0054]
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12, when the combustion is completed in the oxidation combustion section 20b, a white incineration ash section 20d is formed in the oxidation combustion section 20b. The incinerated ash 20d is accumulated in the ash receiving tray 7 installed in the ash receiving chamber 8 through the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,.
[0055]
And as shown in FIG. 13, when combustion of the incinerated object 20 progresses, the oxidation combustion part 20b will rise so as to break through a part of the unburned part 20a and the soot burning part 20c. At this time, when viewed from above the incineration object 20, the oxidation combustion part 20b becomes visible. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the oxidation combustion part 20 b and the soot burning part 20 c gradually reduce the unburned part 20 a of the incinerated object 20, and the incinerated ash part 20 d gradually from the lower layer of the incinerated object 20. Will be greatly formed.
[0056]
Eventually, as shown in FIG. 14, the unburned part 20a and the soot burning part 20c gradually burn, and the unburned part 20a and the soot burning part 20c are completely burned. The reducing atmosphere is reduced, and the oxidation combustion section 20b occupies the majority. In this state, the incineration object 20 is almost completely burned, and when the incineration object 20 is viewed from above, the entire object burns red and generates a large amount of heat.
[0057]
As shown in FIG. 15, when the incineration object 20 is completely burned out, the incineration object 20 becomes only pure incineration ash, and an incineration ash part 20 d is formed. And it falls to the ash receiving tray 7 in the ash receiving chamber 8 from the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,.
[0058]
In general, it is said that incineration of an object to be incinerated with almost no harmful substances, it is necessary to burn it at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher and to burn it completely without leaving any burning residue.
[0059]
The harmful substance removal furnace 1 according to the present invention performs negative pressure combustion in which the primary combustion chamber 9 shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 is in a negative pressure state, sucks air by the ejector effect, and uniformly burns the incineration object 20. As shown in FIGS. 10 to 15, the incinerated product can be completely combusted by the method and the semi-dry distillation combustion method in which combustion and soot combustion are simultaneously advanced in the combustion process of the incinerator.
[0060]
In addition, the reducing atmosphere sent to the removal unit 2a from the suction port 9d is recombusted at a high temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 11, and unburned gas, unburned carbon, organic odorous substances, dioxins and the like contained in the reducing atmosphere are heated. It is decomposed and released into the atmosphere as completely harmless combustion exhaust gas.
[0061]
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
In the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1c of this example, the tip portion of the blower tube 23a of the blower 23 is inserted and installed in the smoke evacuation cylinder 11a in the secondary combustion chamber 11a, and the incinerator 2 and the removal unit 2a are connected. This is a structure in which a burner 22 is installed in the portion 9e.
[0062]
In the hazardous substance removal incinerator 1c of the present example, the blower 23 is forcibly sent into the smoke evacuation cylinder 11a, and the smoke is exhausted from the smoke evacuation cylinder 11a so that the inside of the incineration part 2 and the removal part 2a is exhausted. A negative pressure method, that is, a blow-type negative pressure means is employed.
[0063]
Reference numeral 6b is an air regulating valve for regulating the air to be taken in. An air control valve 6b is provided below the hearth 6 and the amount of air taken in is adjusted by closing or opening the air intake hole 6a formed in the hearth 6 by moving the air control valve 6b. It is. The harmful substance removal incinerators 1, 1a, 1b shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 may also be provided with an air control valve 6b.
[0064]
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another blowing negative pressure means (blower negative pressure means) of the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention. In this blower type negative pressure means, reference numeral 24 is a smoke exhaust section 24 for discharging smoke discharged from the incineration section and the secondary combustion chamber into the atmosphere, and reference numeral 25 is for sending wind from the blower into the smoke exhaust section 24a. No. 26 is a connecting part connected to the incineration part and the secondary combustion chamber.
[0065]
In this blower type negative pressure means, the air forcedly sent from the blower cylinder 25a of the protrusion cylinder 25 connected to the blower is forced through the smoke discharger part 24a of the smoke discharger 24. At that time, the smoke exhaust cylinder 24a is in a negative pressure state, so that smoke generated by incineration in the incinerator 2, the secondary combustion chamber 11 and the like is sucked into the suction port of the connection unit 26. After being sucked into the smoke evacuation cylinder 24a from 26a, smoke (exhaust gas) is forcibly discharged into the atmosphere from the smoke outlet 24b.
[0066]
In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 16 showing the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention, it seems that one removal unit 2a is connected in series, but the removal unit 2a is connected to the incineration unit 2. It is good also as a structure where two or more sets were installed.
[0067]
FIG. 18 is a view showing a cyclone attached in place of the removal portion of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 18, the cyclone 27 has a shape in which the lower part is formed in a taper shape.
[0068]
The cyclone 27 may be connected to the incineration unit 2 instead of the removal unit 2a. Smoke (exhaust gas) generated from the incinerator 2 flows into the cyclone 27a. The dust contained in the smoke flowing into the cyclone 27a falls to the dust receiver 27c, and the dust removed from the dust passes through the smoke discharge tube 28 and is released into the atmosphere.
[0069]
The dust that has been removed from the dust is released into the atmosphere by riding on the wind that is forcibly sent from the tip of the blower tube 29 of the blower into the smoke evacuation cylinder 28, and the dust that has been removed from the cyclone 27a is discharged. It is sucked into the smoke cylinder 28 and released into the atmosphere. If the smoke removed from the dust is forcibly released, the pressure in the cyclone 27a becomes negative, and the incinerator 2 is also in a negative pressure state because the incinerator smoke in the incinerator 2 is sucked into the cyclone 27a. Fresh air containing oxygen is taken into the incinerator 2 from the air intake holes 6 a formed in the floor 6.
[0070]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. First, by controlling the amount of air in the primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber is placed in a reducing atmosphere to suppress the generation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxins,
The lower layer part can be completely decomposed by heat and removed by burning at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher in the oxidation combustion part and the upper layer part by burning at 300 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere.
[0071]
Second, by heating in the primary combustion chamber and incinerating the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber, toxic substances contained in the flue gas are pyrolyzed at 800 ° C or higher, so that smoke and deodorization are efficient To be made.
[0072]
under
Thirdly, it is incinerated at 800 ° C. or higher by suction negative pressure means, blower negative pressure means, etc., mixed with the air sent by exhaust means (smoke) by means, and cooled to become exhaust gas at 300 ° C. or higher. In addition, dioxins and the like are not generated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing how air flows in a conventional incinerator.
FIG. 5 is a view showing how air flows in the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a table showing the change over time of the temperature in the incineration part of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a table showing concentrations and toxic equivalent concentrations of dioxin and dibenzofuran contained in the flue gas of the incinerator in which the incineration object is incinerated by the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing how air flows in a conventional incinerator.
FIG. 9 is a view showing how air flows in the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated object in an incineration portion of a hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated object in an incineration section of a hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a view showing a combustion state of the incinerated object in the incineration portion of the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a view showing a combustion state of the incinerated object in the incineration portion of the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated object in an incineration section of a hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated object in an incineration section of a hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another structure of the blast negative pressure means of the hazardous substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a view showing a cyclone attached in place of the removal portion of the hazardous substance removal incinerator according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1-1c Toxic substance removal incinerator
2 incineration department
2a removal part
3 fans
3a Blower
3b Smoke stack
4 garbage
5 Incinerated materials
6 hearth
6a Air intake hole
6b Air control valve
7 Ash tray
8 Ash receiving room
9 Primary combustion chamber
9a grate
9b Through hole
9c Combustion chamber
9d suction port
9e connection
10 Drying room
10a partition
10b Through hole
11 Secondary combustion chamber
11a Smoke stack
12 Burner
12a Heating burner
13 Smoke vent
14 fans
14a Air blow
14b Turbulence
14c Intake air
15 Object (incinerated object)
15a front
15b back
15c Combustion part
15d unburned part
15e clearance
16 Primary combustion chamber outlet temperature curve
17 Upper combustion chamber upper temperature curve
18 Period less than 450 degrees
19 Period of 450 degrees or more
20 Incinerated materials
20a Unburned part
20b Oxidation combustion section
20c Burning part
20d Incineration ash part
21 Under reducing atmosphere
22 Burner
23 Blower
23a Air duct
24 smoke exhaust section
24a Inside the smoke exhaust section
24b Smoke vent
25 protruding cylinder
25a In the protruding cylinder
26 connections
26a Suction port
27 Cyclone
27a Inside the cyclone
27b bottom
27c Dust pan
28 Smoke stack
29 Air duct

Claims

A hearth with an air intake hole, a grate with a through-hole, and a partition with a through-hole are provided inside, and an ash tray with an ash tray placed between the hearth and the grate so that it can be put in and out. A primary combustion chamber provided with a heating burner for igniting and heating an incinerated object before incineration in the vicinity of the grate between the grate and the partition, and a drying chamber on the partition An incinerator provided with an air control valve for adjusting the amount of air taken in under the hearth by a method of moving the air control valve, and a burner for incinerating unburned gas discharged from the incinerator And a removal section having a suction type negative pressure means provided with a fan capable of adjusting the rotational speed and constantly maintaining a negative pressure in the incineration section. The removal section is connected to the incineration section. In the incineration unit by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan Ri Komu controls the amount of air, removing harmful substances incinerator, characterized in that the combustion of the incineration portion in the reducing atmosphere to be incinerated.

The hazardous substance-removal incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the ash receiving tray is replaced with either a vibrating conveyor belt or a rotary conveyor belt as means for carrying out the incinerated ash.

Install two or more burners for incineration at a high temperature of about 800 ° C or higher in the secondary combustion chamber so that unburned gas and unburned carbon containing toxic substances are incinerated and thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere. The incinerator for removing harmful substances according to claim 1, wherein

A hearth with an air intake hole, a grate with a through-hole, and a partition with a through-hole are provided inside, and an ash tray with an ash tray placed between the hearth and the grate so that it can be put in and out. A primary combustion chamber provided with a heating burner for igniting and heating an incinerated object before incineration at a position close to the grate between the grate and the partition, and a drying chamber provided on the partition An incinerator provided with an air control valve for adjusting the amount of air taken in by a method of moving the air control valve under the hearth and a flue pipe are installed, and harmful substances are burned and removed from the exhaust gas. A blower is provided in a secondary combustion chamber provided with a burner, and a tip of the blower is composed of a removal part of a blown negative pressure means attached at a position close to a lower end of the smoke evacuation cylinder, and the blown negative pressure is applied to the incinerator. Amount of air to be taken into the incinerator by connecting the removal part of the means Controlling, removing harmful substances incinerator, characterized in that so as to burn the incineration portion in the reducing atmosphere to be incinerated.

Inside, a hearth with an air intake hole, a grate with a through hole, and a partition with a through hole are provided, and an ash tray in which an ash receiving tray is stored between the hearth and the grate so that it can be taken in and out. A primary combustion chamber provided with a heating burner for igniting and heating an incinerated object before incineration at a position close to the grate between the grate and the partition, and a drying chamber provided on the partition An incinerator provided with an air control valve that adjusts the amount of air taken under the hearth by a method of moving the air control valve;
The removal part of the blower-type negative pressure means in which the tip of the blower is inserted and installed in the smoke evacuation cylinder in the secondary combustion chamber provided with a burner provided with a burner to remove harmful substances from the smoke, and the incinerator And a connecting part to which the removal part is connected and a burner is attached, the amount of air taken into the incineration part is controlled, and the incineration object is burned under a reducing atmosphere in the incineration part. Toxic substance removal incinerator.