JP3777990B2 - Disc production system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a disc manufacturing system that can automatically perform data recording and label printing on a disc-shaped recording medium on which no data is recorded.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Today, various media are widely used as information recording media. Among them, disc-shaped recording media are attracting attention because of their large storage capacity, and data cannot be recorded by individual users as such disc-shaped recording media. CD-ROMs are common, but in recent years, recordable CD-Rs, rewritable CD-RWs, etc. have begun to spread.
[0003]
In such a situation, for example, when a so-called α version or β version is produced as an evaluation version of software produced by a company, production by CD-R or CD-RW is economical and effective. Hereinafter, these are simply referred to as CD.
[0004]
However, since the number of CDs used for such purposes is, for example, 50 or 100 units, the production time of the producer becomes great if the CDs are produced one by one. A disc manufacturing system for automatically manufacturing the disk has been proposed.
[0005]
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a disc manufacturing system disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,734,629. The disc manufacturing system 100 records data on a CD and checks whether recording has been performed properly. Recorder 130, label printer 120 that performs printing on a CD label, recording CD stacker 151 that stores a recording CD, recorded CD stacker 152 that stores a CD on which data is correctly recorded, and recording is not performed correctly It includes a defective CD stacker 153 for storing a CD and a transport device 140 including an arm 141 for transporting a CD.
[0006]
Then, recording data and print data are received from an externally connected personal computer or the like, and CD data recording and label printing are automatically produced.
[0007]
Such production is performed by the following procedure. First, a desired number of recording CDs are stored in the recording CD stacker 151. As a result, the conveying device 140 takes out one recording CD from the recording CD stacker 151 and places it on the recording tray 131 of the recorder 130, and recording data is sent from the personal computer and recording is performed.
[0008]
Note that the recording CD stacker 151, the recorded CD stacker 152, and the defective CD stacker 153 are provided on the rotary table and rotate in synchronization with the movement of the transport device 140.
[0009]
Next, the recorded CD data is read out and collated with the recorded data to check whether the data recording has been performed correctly.
[0010]
When the recording is correctly performed, the transport device 140 transports the CD from the recorder 130 to the label printer 120, and the label printer 120 performs printing based on the print data from the personal computer. Thereafter, the transport device 140 takes out the CD from the label printer 120 and stores it in the recorded CD stacker 152.
[0011]
On the other hand, if the data is not correctly recorded on the CD, the CD is not conveyed to the label printer 120 but is conveyed to the defective CD stacker 153 as it is.
[0012]
Such processing is automatically performed sequentially on a desired number of CDs. When all the processes are completed, the user takes out the produced CDs and packs them one by one in a CD case, for example.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above configuration, when the CD taken out from the recording CD stacker 151 is placed on the recording tray 131 of the recorder 130, the ejection position of the recording tray 131 varies, so the CD placement position also varies. Sometimes loading mistakes and CDs hurt and were inconvenient.
[0014]
That is, the recorder 130 is provided with a loading mechanism for loading and ejecting the recording tray 131. The important thing when loading the recording tray 131 is the positional relationship between the CD and the turntable chuck for chucking the CD, assuming that the CD is correctly placed on the recording tray 131. The positional relationship is ensured by defining the loading position of the recording tray 131.
[0015]
Usually, a recording tray 131 of a CD player provided in a personal computer or the like is formed with a dish-shaped recess 132 for mounting a CD, and the user confirms the recess 132 and mounts the CD. It has become.
[0016]
However, in the above-described disc manufacturing system 100, since the process is automatically performed, the CD is not placed after confirming the concave portion 132. When the CD is loaded, the concave portion 132 is positioned there. Based on the premise that the CD is being carried out, the transport device 140 cancels CD chucking.
[0017]
Therefore, if there is variation in the eject position of the recording tray 131, the CD cannot be correctly placed in the concave portion 132, and loading is performed while protruding from the concave portion 132. Since the turntable chuck performs a chucking operation assuming that the CD is in a predetermined place, if the CD is not properly placed in the recess 132, a chucking error or a chucking failure may occur or the CD may be damaged sometimes. Will occur.
[0018]
In the disk manufacturing system disclosed in the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 5,734,629, an infrared position detector (not shown) is provided to detect the CD mounting position. There is a problem that costs increase.
[0019]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a disc manufacturing system that can perform the ejection positioning of a recording tray with an inexpensive and simple configuration.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a recorder provided in an apparatus housing for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium, reproducing the recorded content, and checking the suitability of the recording state, A label printer that prints on a label of a disk-shaped recording medium, a storage device that includes a stacker that stores the disk-shaped recording medium, and a transport device that transports the disk-shaped recording medium between the recorder, the label printer, and the storage device In a disk manufacturing system that automatically records data and records on a recording disk-shaped recording medium, the recorder is ejected forward so as to jump out of the recorder, and is stored in the recorder. And a recording tray on which the disk-shaped recording medium loaded is loaded. Provided that an eject positioning unit is provided for positioning the recording tray in the vertical and horizontal directions and the ejecting direction when the recording tray is ejected, so that the recording tray can be ejected with an inexpensive and simple configuration. Features.
[0021]
In the invention according to claim 2, the eject positioning portion corresponds to the contact hole provided at the center position of the bezel of the recording tray and the contact hole of the recorder support member for fixing the recorder to the housing of the apparatus. And a contact pin that is inserted into the contact hole when the recording tray is ejected to position the recording tray.
[0022]
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the contact pin includes a pin that is inserted into the contact hole, and a contact surface that contacts the peripheral bezel of the contact hole and performs positioning in the eject direction. To do.
[0023]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the recording tray is arranged so that the abutting hole is smoothly inserted into the pin even if the leading end portion hangs down by its own weight when the recording tray is ejected. It has a guide plate which guides while supporting.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an external perspective view of a disk manufacturing system 10 according to the present invention. 2 to 5 are views showing the internal configuration when the housing case is removed, FIG. 2 is a perspective view, FIG. 3 is a top view, FIG. 4 is a front view, and FIG. 5 is a right side view.
[0025]
Note that although the stacker 21 is formed of a transparent member as will be described later, it is noted that the stacker 21 is illustrated in the same manner as an opaque member for easy understanding of the configuration.
[0026]
The disc manufacturing system 10 has a housing 11 provided with a front door 12 that can be opened and closed. The front panel is provided with openings for storages 14, 15, and 16 and various displays for displaying the operation state. A vessel 13 is provided.
[0027]
The storage 14 is provided with a recording CD stacker 21a for storing recording CDs on which no data is recorded, and the storage 15 is a recorded CD for storing CDs on which data recording and label printing have been normally performed. A stacker 21b is installed, and a collection box 22 is installed in the storage 16 for collecting and storing a CD whose data has not been recorded normally.
[0028]
In the following description, the recording CD stacker 21a and the recorded CD stacker 21b have the same configuration as will be described later. Therefore, when there is no need to distinguish between them, they are collectively referred to as the stacker 21 as appropriate. To do.
[0029]
Housed in the housing 11 are a recorder 17 for recording data on a CD and reproducing the recorded contents to check the suitability of recording, a label printer 18 for printing on a CD label, a stacker 21 and a collection box 22. The storage device 19 includes a recorder 17, a label printer 18, and a transport device 20 that transports the CD between the storage devices 19.
[0030]
The front door 12 is formed so as to cover the openings of the storage boxes 14, 15, and 16 with a single door, and is provided to prevent indoor dust and the like from entering the inside of the apparatus through the openings. .
[0031]
As will be described later, data recording on the CD and label printing are performed in a batch process, and the stacker 21 and the collection box 22 are loaded and unloaded only at the start and end of the process. Therefore, if doors are individually provided at the openings of the storages 14, 15, 16 and the doors are troublesome to open and close, one door is used.
[0032]
Further, the front door 12 is made of a transparent resin so that the installation status of the stacker 21 and the progress of processing can be confirmed at a glance.
[0033]
Thereby, for example, when the amount of CD in the recorded stacker 21b is abnormally small compared to the amount of CD carried out from the recording stacker 21a (that is, when a large amount of CD is stored in the collection box 22). Therefore, it is considered that some trouble such as a defect in the recording CD has occurred, and it is possible to easily obtain information for determining whether to continue or interrupt the processing.
[0034]
Of course, it is possible to make a judgment by obtaining such judgment information with a personal computer, but in this case, it is necessary to judge the situation from the display content of the display, so that it is impossible to judge when the operator is absent There is.
[0035]
The transport device 20 includes a horizontal arm 24 having a transport chuck 23 for chucking a CD, an elevating unit 25 for moving the horizontal arm 24 up and down, and swinging the elevating unit 25 in a horizontal plane to It is comprised by the rocking | swiveling part 26 rock | fluctuated within a horizontal surface.
[0036]
The elevating unit 25 includes a main column 27 into which a slider 26 is inserted, and is installed between a pulley 28 provided at the upper end of the main column 27 and an elevating motor 29 provided at the lower end of the main column 27. By connecting the belt or wire (not shown) to the slider 26, the lifting motor 29 is rotated to move the slider 26 up and down.
[0037]
Since the above-described horizontal arm 24 is fixed to the slider 26, the horizontal arm 24 moves up and down when the lifting motor 29 moves.
[0038]
The oscillating part 26 is provided with a main column oscillating gear 51 having a main column 27 fixed to the center of rotation and an oscillating motor 45 for rotating the main column oscillating gear 51.
[0039]
The recorder 17 has a recorder case 30 and is supported by a recorder support member 31 so that the recorder 17 is positioned at a predetermined position in the disc production system 10.
[0040]
In the recorder case 30, a loading mechanism (not shown) for inserting and removing the recording tray 32 is provided, and data is recorded by rotating a CD at a high speed and irradiating a laser spot, and the recorded data is reproduced. A recording / reproducing mechanism (not shown) is provided.
[0041]
A chuck hole is provided at the center of the CD, and a turntable chuck constituting a component of the recording / reproducing mechanism is inserted into the chuck hole, and the CD rotates as the turntable rotates.
[0042]
By the way, the loading mechanism generally loads and ejects the recording tray 32 by driving a cam or gear by the power of a motor.
[0043]
Therefore, when the recording tray 32 is loaded, it is necessary to align the turntable chuck with the chuck hole, so that the loading mechanism is configured so that the loading position can be positioned with high accuracy.
[0044]
However, when the recording tray 32 is ejected and the CD is taken out or placed and set, the work is performed manually by the user, so that the ejecting position is required to be highly accurate. Not.
[0045]
However, when the transport device 20 places the CD on the recording tray 32, the loading operation is performed assuming that the recording tray 32 exists at a predetermined position without confirming the placement position. For this reason, if there is a variation in the eject position of the recording tray 32, a variation occurs in the CD loading position.
[0046]
Such a CD mounting position varies, and problems such as a chucking error, a chucking failure, and a CD damage may occur as described in the section of the problem to be solved by the invention.
[0047]
In order to cope with such a problem, a recorder having a high ejecting position positioning accuracy may be used or developed. For this purpose, the cost of the recorder is greatly increased and the cost of the apparatus is reduced. Contrary to
[0048]
Therefore, in the present invention, a general-purpose product is used as the recorder 17 and an eject positioning unit 35 is provided independently of the recorder 17 as shown in FIG.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 7, the eject position determining unit 35 includes a contact hole 37 provided at the center position of the bezel 36 in the recording tray 32 and a corresponding contact hole 37 so that the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the recording tray 32 are inserted. The contact pin 39 for positioning the direction and the position of the eject position, and the support of the recording tray 32 ejected to a predetermined position, so that the contact hole 37 fits smoothly into the contact pin 39 is guided. It comprises a guide plate 40 and the like.
[0050]
The contact pin 39 and the guide plate 40 are provided at the tip portion of the recorder support member 31 so as to face the bezel 36.
[0051]
The abutting pin 39 abuts the pin portion 41 into which the abutting hole 37 is inserted, the abutting surface 42 that abuts the bezel 36 around the abutting hole 37 and positions the recording tray 32 in the eject direction, and It is constituted by a pin support plate 44 provided with a through hole 43 for screwing the contact pin 39 to the recorder support member 31.
[0052]
On the other hand, the guide plate 40 has a substantially quadrangular shape, and its three sides are punched and formed into a tongue-like member formed on the recorder support member 31. It is bent.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 6, the contact hole 37 is formed with a circle 37a on the upper side and a square 37b on the lower side. Since the contact pin 39 has a cylindrical shape, it is considered that the contact hole 37 preferably has a circular diameter.
[0054]
As described above, positioning of the recording tray 32 in the vertical and horizontal directions is ensured by fitting the contact hole 37 to the contact pin 39. Accordingly, it is desirable that the clearance between the contact hole 37 and the contact pin 39 is sufficiently small because it defines the positioning accuracy.
[0055]
However, if this clearance is reduced, the insertion resistance that acts when the contact pin 39 is inserted into the contact hole 37 increases, and the ejection operation of the recording tray 32 may stop due to the insertion resistance. is there.
[0056]
That is, the requirements required between the contact hole 37 and the contact pin 39 are a small clearance and a small insertion resistance.
[0057]
In order to satisfy these requirements so that the recording tray 32 can be positioned in the vertical and horizontal directions, the contact hole 37 and the contact pin 39 need only maintain the above-described clearance at at least three points.
[0058]
However, there is a possibility that the contact hole 37 formed of the resin material may be worn and increased due to friction generated when the contact pin 39 is inserted into and inserted into the contact hole 37. It is difficult to ensure reliability for long-term use in the configuration according to.
[0059]
Therefore, in the present invention, the number of point supports in the portion where a lot of wear occurs is increased, and the number of point supports in the other portions is decreased.
[0060]
However, since the recording tray 32 is formed by injection molding using a resin as a material, increasing the number of point supports to make it a polygon increases the cost. The number of point support points is made as small as possible. In this case, the least number of point supports is one.
[0061]
From such a viewpoint, as described above, in the present invention, the contact hole 37 is formed with a circle 37a on the upper side and a square 37b on the lower side so as to reduce cost and improve reliability.
[0062]
The label printer 18 includes an ink head 46, a printing tray 47 on which a CD to be printed is placed, a recording tray moving mechanism (not shown) that moves the position of the printing tray 47, and an ink head that moves the position of the ink head 46. A moving mechanism 48 and the like are included.
[0063]
The ink head moving mechanism 48 reciprocates the ink head 46 in parallel with the CD label surface, and the recording tray moving mechanism moves the recording tray 32 to a predetermined pitch each time the ink head 46 reciprocates once. The head 46 is moved in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the head 46.
[0064]
The recording tray 32 and the printing tray 47 are provided with circular concave portions 49 and 50 corresponding to the outer diameter of the CD. The central position of the concave portion 49 in the recording tray 32 is determined by the recording tray 32. When loaded, the position is opposed to the position of the turntable chuck. When printing is performed, the printing position is determined with respect to the recess 50 in the printing tray 47.
[0065]
As described above, the storage device 19 has the storages 14, 15, and 16. Each storage 14 is provided with a recording CD stacker 21 a for storing a recording CD on which no data is recorded. Is provided with a recorded CD stacker 21b for storing CDs on which data recording and label printing have been normally performed, and a storage box 22 for collecting and storing CDs on which data recording has not been normally performed is provided in the storage box 16. It is to be installed.
[0066]
The stacker 21 is formed of a transparent resin member (for example, polycarbonate) so that the weight of the stacker 21 can be reduced and the stored CD can be visually recognized.
[0067]
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the stacker 21 storing a CD. As described above, the stacker 21 is formed of a transparent member, and has a cup shape in which a handle 54 is formed on a side surface and a horizontal arm port 56 is formed. A rib frame 53 having storage positioning ribs 55 for storing and positioning the stored CD is provided.
[0068]
Next, an operation procedure in the disk manufacturing system 10 having the above-described configuration will be described. First, the front door 12 of the apparatus is opened, and the stacker 21 collection box 22 is taken out from the respective storages 14, 15, 16.
[0069]
Then, recording CDs corresponding to the number of processed sheets are stacked and stored in the recording stacker 21a and set in the storage box 14, and empty recorded stackers 21b and recovery boxes 22 are set in the storage boxes 15 and 16, respectively.
[0070]
When a recording CD is set in the recording stacker 21a, the recording CD is slowly stored while being manually pressed from the horizontal arm port 56 one by one or a predetermined number.
[0071]
When the recording CD is stored in the stacker 21a in this way, the handle 54 is gripped and stored in the storage 14. Similarly, the empty stacker 21 b is also stored in the storage 15, and the empty collection box 22 is also stored in the storage 16.
[0072]
When the stacker 21 is stored, the front door 12 is closed and data recording and label printing processing is started. Note that the recording data and the print data are sequentially transmitted from the personal computer.
[0073]
When the processing is started, the elevating motor 29 is first rotated to move the horizontal arm 24 to an appropriate upper position of the horizontal arm port 56 in the recording stacker 21a.
[0074]
Thereafter, the swing motor 45 rotates by a predetermined amount, the horizontal arm 24 enters the stacker 21 through the horizontal arm port 56, and the transport chuck 23 is inserted into the chuck hole of the CD.
[0075]
At this time, the transport chuck 23 operates assuming that the chuck hole is at a predetermined position, and does not check the position of the chuck hole.
[0076]
As described above, the CD is positioned with respect to the stacker 21 by the storage positioning rib 55, and the stacker 21 is positioned with respect to the bottom plate 70 by the engagement claw 61 engaging with the engagement hole 76, and the conveyance chuck. 23 is positioned with respect to the bottom plate 70.
[0077]
Therefore, without checking the position of the chuck hole at the time of chucking, there is no possibility that the transfer chuck 23 and the chuck hole are misaligned, and the CD can be reliably chucked.
[0078]
After the CD is chucked in this way, the horizontal arm 24 moves upward and stops when it is removed from the horizontal arm port 56, and the chucked CD does not hit other members such as the recorder 17 and the stacker 21. The swing motor 45 is rotated so as to be positioned at the position of the horizontal arm 24.
[0079]
Thereafter, the elevating motor 29 rotates so that the chucked CD is appropriately higher than the recording tray 32. When the elevating motor 29 stops rotating, the recording tray 32 is ejected.
[0080]
The bezel 36 of the recording tray 32 is provided with a contact hole 37, and the recorder support member 31 at the opposite position is provided with a contact pin 39 and a guide plate 40. While the leading end of the recording tray 32 is supported by the guide plate 40, the contact hole 37 fits into the pin 41, and the bezel 36 contacts the contact surface 42, so that the eject position is regulated.
[0081]
Since the horizontal arm 24 is positioned with respect to the housing 11 and the ejection position of the recording tray 32 is also positioned with respect to the housing 11 via the recorder support member 31, these CDs are placed on the recording tray 32. There is no need to confirm the placement position when placing the device.
[0082]
Therefore, when the recording tray 32 is ejected to a predetermined position, the horizontal arm 24 releases the chucking of the CD, so that the CD is properly placed in the concave portion 49 of the recording tray 32.
[0083]
Thereafter, the recording tray 32 is loaded, the data from the personal computer is recorded, and it is inspected whether the recording has been performed correctly.
[0084]
If the recording is not correctly performed, the transport device 20 transports the CD to the collection box 22, but transports the CD to the label printer 18 if the recording is performed correctly.
[0085]
Since the label printer 18 is provided above the recorder 17, the horizontal arm 24 chucks the recorded and ejected CD, moves up as it is, and stops at a position appropriately higher than the printing tray 47.
[0086]
When the horizontal arm 24 stops, the printing tray 47 is ejected and placed in the concave portion 50 of the printing tray 47 by releasing the chucking of the CD.
[0087]
When the CD is placed on the print tray 47, print data is transmitted from the personal computer, the ink head 46 reciprocates, and the print tray 47 moves in one direction in synchronization with the reciprocation. Then, ink is sprayed on the label of the CD to perform desired printing.
[0088]
When printing is completed in this manner, the transport device 20 transports and stores the CD in the recorded stacker 21b, and automatically performs such processing on all the recording CDs stored in the recording stacker 21a. Is called.
[0089]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the recorder includes the recording tray, and when the recording tray is ejected, the recording tray is positioned in the up / down / left / right direction and the ejecting direction. Since the eject position determination unit is provided, the ejection positioning of the recording tray can be performed with an inexpensive and simple configuration, and the reliability is improved.
[0090]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the eject positioning portion is provided in the contact hole provided in the center position of the bezel of the recording tray and the recorder support member that fixes the recorder to the housing of the apparatus. Since it is configured with a contact pin that is inserted into the contact hole when the tray is ejected to position the recording tray, the recording tray can be ejected with a simple and simple structure. Reliability is improved.
[0091]
According to the invention of claim 3, since the contact pin is configured to be inserted into the contact hole and the contact surface that contacts the peripheral bezel of the contact hole and performs positioning in the eject direction, the pin is By inserting into the contact hole, the recording tray can be positioned vertically and horizontally, and the bezel can be in contact with the contact surface to determine the eject direction. The tray can be positioned for ejection, improving reliability.
[0092]
According to the invention according to claim 4, since the guide plate is provided at the eject positioning portion, the contact hole is smoothly inserted into the pin even if the leading end hangs down by its own weight when the recording tray is ejected. As described above, the recording tray can be guided while being supported, and the recording tray can be ejected and positioned with low cost and with a simple configuration, thereby improving the reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a disk manufacturing system applied to the description of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an internal configuration of a disk manufacturing system.
FIG. 3 is a top view showing an internal configuration of a disk manufacturing system.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing an internal configuration of the disk manufacturing system.
FIG. 5 is a right side view showing the internal configuration of the disc manufacturing system.
FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view showing an eject positioning configuration of the recorder.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a contact pin.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state where a CD is stored in the stacker.
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a disk manufacturing system applied to the description of a conventional technique.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 disc production system
11 Case
14,15,16 storage
17 Recorder
18 Label printer
19 Storage device
20 Conveying device
21b (21) Recorded CD stacker
21a (21) CD stacker for recording
22 Collection box
23 Transport chuck
24 horizontal arm
31 Recorder support member
32 Recording tray
35 Eject Positioning Department
36 Bezel
37 Contact hole
39 Contact pin
40 Guide plate
41 pin
41 Pin part
42 Contact surface
44 pin support plate
49 Recess
56 Horizontal arm opening

Claims (4)

A recorder provided in the apparatus housing for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium, reproducing the recorded content to check the suitability of the recording state, a label printer for printing on the label of the disk-shaped recording medium, and A recording disk-shaped recording medium, comprising: a storage device including a stacker that stores the disk-shaped recording medium; and a transport device that transports the disk-shaped recording medium between the recorder, the label printer, and the storage device. In a disc production system that automatically performs data recording and label printing,
The recorder includes a recording tray on which the disc-shaped recording medium is ejected forward so as to jump out of the recorder and loaded so as to be stored in the recorder, and the recording A disc manufacturing system, comprising: an eject positioning unit for positioning the recording tray in the vertical and horizontal directions and the ejecting direction when the tray is ejected. A contact hole provided at a central position of the bezel of the recording tray;
The recording tray is provided at a position corresponding to the contact hole of the recorder support member for fixing the recorder to the housing of the apparatus, and is inserted into the contact hole when the recording tray is ejected. 2. The disk manufacturing system according to claim 1, further comprising an abutment pin for positioning. The contact pin is inserted into the contact hole;
3. The disc manufacturing system according to claim 2, further comprising an abutting surface that abuts on a peripheral bezel of the abutting hole and performs positioning in an ejecting direction. The eject positioning portion supports the recording tray so that the contact hole is smoothly inserted into the pin even if the tip portion hangs down by its own weight when the recording tray is ejected. 4. The disk manufacturing system according to claim 1, further comprising a guide plate for guiding.

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