JP3738765B2 - Lapping machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lapping apparatus, and more particularly, to a lapping apparatus capable of cleaning an abrasive grain surface without accompanying removal of a lapping film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, due to the demand for higher precision and higher efficiency of various machine parts, the need for processing precision is increasing. As a means of improving processing precision, super-finishing with a wrapping film has attracted attention.
[0003]
Super-finishing using a wrapping film is a method of pressing a wrapping film with abrasive grains on one side against the abrasive grain surface against a work piece with a shoe to rotate the work and at the same time give oscillation (vibration). It is the process which performs fine cutting (for example, refer to patent documents 1).
[0004]
Since fine cutting is performed, chips generated by cutting tend to be clogged between abrasive grains on the wrapping film. Therefore, when the used abrasive grain surface is used again, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a desired surface roughness due to clogging of the wrapping film.
[0005]
In particular, in the case of wrapping film processing that is sandwiched by two shoes from both sides of a workpiece via a wrapping film, the abrasive grain surface pressed against the workpiece by the first shoe is sent after the processing, and the second piece again. It is pressed against the work by the shoe and used for machining. Therefore, when the surface of the same wrapping film is used for the second time, it is difficult to obtain a desired surface roughness due to clogging during the first processing.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-237116 (see FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a lapping apparatus capable of obtaining a desired desired surface roughness even when the same portion of the abrasive grain surface of a lapping film is used for multiple times of machining. With the goal.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The lapping apparatus of the present invention comprises a holding means for rotatably holding a workpiece, a wrapping film in which abrasive grains are provided on one surface of a thin base material, and at least 2 for pressing the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film against the workpiece. Two pressing means, a film sending means for sending the wrapping film while processing is stopped, and a path between which the wrapping film is sent between the two pressing means to clean the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film Cleaning means, and the wrapping film is warped from the opposite side of the abrasive grain surface so as to increase the surface area of the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film between the two pressing means, Cleaning is performed by the cleaning means .
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
In the lapping apparatus of the present invention, the abrasive surface of the wrapping film is cleaned by the cleaning means between the two pressing means, so that chips clogged between the abrasive grains are removed, and the pressing means presses the workpiece for the second time. Even when used for processing, stable processing efficiency and surface roughness can be obtained. In particular, since the wrapping film is washed while being warped from the opposite side of the abrasive grain surface, the abrasive grain surface becomes wide, and it is possible to easily remove chips clogged between the abrasive grains.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0011]
(First embodiment)
First, a schematic configuration of a lapping apparatus to which the present invention is applied will be described, and then a part that characterizes the present invention will be described.
[0012]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a lapping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a closed state of shoe pressing means, and FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing an opened state of shoe pressing means. . For convenience of explanation, the axial direction of the workpiece (left-right direction in FIG. 1) is defined as the X direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the X direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1) is defined as the Y direction. A vertical direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) orthogonal to the X direction is defined as a Z direction.
[0013]
1 and 2, the wrapping processing apparatus according to the present embodiment will be outlined. A wrapping film 1 (see FIG. 2) in which abrasive grains are provided on one surface of a non-stretchable and deformable thin base material, and a wrapping film Shoe 2 (see FIG. 2) disposed on the back side of 1 and shoe pressing means for pressing the shoe 2 (pressing member) against the work surface of the workpiece W and pressing the abrasive surface of the wrapping film 1 against the workpiece W 10, a rotation driving means 20 (holding means) for holding and rotating the workpiece W, and an oscillation means 30 for generating oscillation between the workpiece W and the wrapping film 1, while rotating the workpiece W When the wrapping film 1 is pressed against the wrapping film, the shoe pressing means 10, the rotation driving means 20, the oscillation means 30, etc. Detecting the moving state appropriate, it is controlled by the control unit C.
[0014]
In addition to this, the controller C is connected to the cleaning means 7 (see FIG. 4), and controls the cleaning means 7 so as to clean the wrapping film 1 while processing is stopped.
[0015]
In addition, the workpiece | work W of this embodiment has a processed surface of a cross-section circular arc shape like a journal part of a crankshaft, a pin part, etc., for example.
[0016]
Details will be described below.
[0017]
First, although there are various types of wrapping film 1, in this embodiment, the base material is made of a material having high non-stretch properties, for example, polyester having a plate thickness of about 25 μm to 130 μm. A large number of abrasive grains (specifically, made of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond, etc.) having a particle diameter of about several μm to 200 μm are attached with an adhesive. The abrasive grains may be bonded to the entire surface of the base material, or may be formed by intermittently forming non-abrasive areas having a predetermined width. A resistance material (not shown) made of rubber, synthetic resin, or the like is attached to the other surface of the base material.
[0018]
The wrapping film 1, as shown in FIG. 2, by the rotation of the take-up reel 6 driven by a motor M ₃ (film feeding means) is drawn from a supply reel 5 supported to the frame body or the like of the lapping device The film is guided by film rollers R ₁ , R ₅ , R _{2 and the} like provided at the ends of pressing arms 11 and 12 to be described later, and taken up by the take-up reel 6, but in the vicinity of the supply reel 5 and the take-up reel 6. Is provided with a locking device, and is held in a state where a predetermined tension is applied to the whole by the operation of the locking device. The delivery of the wrapping film 1 is performed when processing is stopped.
[0019]
The shoe 2 is made of rubber, synthetic resin, or the like and has relatively rigidity. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the inner surface side is an arc surface along the processing surface of the workpiece W. . Hereinafter, in the feeding direction of the wrapping film 1, the shoe disposed first is referred to as a shoe 2a, and the shoe disposed behind is referred to as a shoe 2b.
[0020]
The shoe pressing means 10 is provided with pressing arms 11, 12 each having a shoe 2 provided at the tip, and rear ends of these pressing arms 11, 12. A fluid pressure cylinder 13 that presses toward the head and a pressing force adjusting means 15 that adjusts the pressing force of the shoe.
[0021]
When the fluid pressure cylinder 13 is operated, the shoe pressing means 10 has both the pressing arms 11 and 12 centered on the support pin 14 in the closed state shown in FIG. 2 and the open state shown in FIG. Both the pressing arms 11 and 12 are rotated together with the wrapping film 1, the shoe 2 presses the workpiece W through the wrapping film 1 by the closing rotation, and the workpiece W and the shoe 2 abut by the opening rotation. To release.
[0022]
The pressing force adjusting means 15 adjusts the pressing force of the shoe 2 against the work surface of the work W by adjusting the spring force pressing the shoe 2 with the cam 16. The pressing force adjusting means 15 is also connected to the control unit C and can be controlled thereby.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, the rotation driving means 20 is connected to a head stock 22 that rotatably supports a main shaft 21, a chuck 23 that is connected to the tip of the main shaft 21 and grips one end of a work W, and is connected to the main shaft 21 via a belt 24. a spindle motor M ₁ which is, and a tailstock 25 provided with a center that supports the other end of the workpiece W.
[0024]
Workpiece W is set between the headstock 22 and tailstock 25, the rotation of the spindle motor M ₁ is transmitted through the belt 24, the spindle 21 and the chuck 23, but will rotate, these headstock 22 The tailstock 25 is provided on a table 26 that is slidable along the Y direction. The table 26 is disposed on a table 27 that is slidable along the X direction.
[0025]
The oscillation means 30 includes an eccentric rotator 33 that contacts the end of the table 27, an oscillation motor M ₂ that rotationally drives the eccentric rotator 33, and the eccentric rotator 33 that constantly contacts the end of the table 27. And an elastic means 34 such as a spring for contacting, and the eccentric rotating body 33 is rotated by the motor M ₂ to reciprocate the table 27 in the X direction to oscillate the entire workpiece W in the X direction. is there.
[0026]
The oscillation amplitude of the oscillation means 30 is determined by the amount of eccentricity of the eccentric rotating body 33 with respect to the axis of the motor M ₂ , and the oscillation speed is controlled by the rotational speed of the motor M ₂ . For adjusting the amount of eccentricity, means such as inserting an adjusting plate into the fitting portion between the shaft and the eccentric rotating body 33 in the motor M ₂ is used, but fluid pressure means or the like may be used. There is a means.
[0027]
Although the overall configuration of the lapping apparatus has been described above, the present embodiment is characterized in that the used lapping film 1 is washed with the shoe 2a by the washing means, particularly between the two shoes 2a and 2b. Yes. 2 and 3, for ease of explanation, a state in which only one film roller R ₅ is disposed is shown, and the overall configuration of the lapping apparatus is outlined. In the present embodiment, the shoe 2 a, A plurality of film rollers are provided between 2b, and their arrangement is also characteristic. Therefore, in the following, the arrangement of the cleaning means and the film roller will be described in detail. As the cleaning means, an ultrasonic brush, an ultrasonic bath, and a high-pressure spray nozzle can be considered, and will be described in this order.
[0028]
(Ultrasonic brush)
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing how the wrapping film is washed with an ultrasonic brush.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 4, the workpiece W is rotatably held during lapping, and both side surfaces are sandwiched between two shoes via a lapping film. The wrapping film has a feeding path determined by a plurality of film rollers when it is sent out while processing is stopped.
[0030]
While the processing is stopped, the wrapping film 1 is sent in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and the wrapping film 1 is sent in the order of the film rollers R ₁ , R _a , R _b , R _c , R _d , R _2. . Pressing are abrasive surfaces used for machining the workpiece W by the first shoe 2a, next to used for processing by the shoe 2b, the film roller _{R a, R b, R c} , via R _d.
[0031]
In the present invention, on the route of the wrapping film 1 is fed, and the abrasive surface of the lapping film is installed ultrasonic brush 7 is a film roller R _c vicinity between shoe 2a and the shoe 2b, feed to this position The abrasive grain surface of the lapping film thus obtained is cleaned by the ultrasonic brush 7.
[0032]
Lapping film 1, the film roller R _c are deflected as abrasive surface becomes wider, the abrasive surface becomes the wider is cleaned rubbed by ultrasonic brush 7. Since the abrasive grain surface is widened, the gap between the abrasive grains becomes large, and chips clogged between the abrasive grains are easily removed.
[0033]
The cleaning of the abrasive grain surface with the ultrasonic brush 7 may be performed not at the position of the film roller R _c but at the positions of the film rollers R _a , R _b , and R _d , and may be performed a plurality of times at a plurality of positions. Also good. In any case, it is desirable for the lapping film 1 to be cleaned while the film rollers R _a , R _b , and R _d are pressed and warped from the back side in order to eliminate chips between abrasive grains.
[0034]
(Ultrasonic bus)
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state where the wrapping film is washed by the ultrasonic bath.
[0035]
The ultrasonic bath 8 is a device that supplies ultrasonic vibration to a liquid tank filled with a cleaning liquid to perform cleaning. As the cleaning liquid, a coolant (processing liquid) used in a normal lapping process can be used.
[0036]
In the case of using the ultrasonic bath 8, as in the case of the ultrasonic brush 7, a film is used between the shoes 2 a and 2 b in order to clean the abrasive grain surface used by the shoe 2 a before using the shoe 2 b. washing is carried out in the vicinity of the roller R _e to R _h.
[0037]
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the wrapping film 1 is immersed in the liquid bath of the ultrasonic bath 8 at the position of the film roller _Rf , and ultrasonic vibration is applied. Since the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film 1 is warped by the film roller _Rf , the gap between the abrasive grains spreads and chips are removed appropriately. Thereby, even if an abrasive grain surface is used again in the shoe 2b, a stable processing efficiency can be obtained, and a desired surface roughness of the workpiece W can be obtained.
[0038]
FIG. 5 illustrates the case where the ultrasonic bus 8 is installed at the position of the film roller R _f and chips are removed, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the film rollers R _e , R _g , R _h are not limited thereto. may be ultrasonic bath 8 is installed in each position of, also, the film roller _{R e, R f, R g} , ultrasonic bath with a large liquid tank as wrapping film 1 at all positions of the R _h is immersed May be prepared.
[0039]
(High pressure injection nozzle)
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing how the wrapping film is washed by the high-pressure spray nozzle.
[0040]
In FIG. 6, the ultrasonic brush 7 shown in FIG. The high-pressure spray nozzle 9 sprays the cleaning liquid toward the abrasive grain surface at a high pressure, and removes chips between the abrasive grains by the spray pressure. The position suitable for the installation of the high-pressure spray nozzle 9 and the configuration in which the wrapping film 1 is warped so that the abrasive grain surface becomes wide are the same as in the case described with reference to FIG.
[0041]
As an example, as shown in FIG. 6, at the position of the film roller R _c , the cleaning liquid can be sprayed by the high-pressure spray nozzle 9 onto the warped abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film 1 to remove chips. . The high-pressure injection nozzle 9 is connected to a coolant storage tank (not shown), and sucks and injects the cleaning liquid from this tank.
[0042]
As described above, in this embodiment, the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film 1 is cleaned between the two shoes 2a, 2b by the cleaning means (ultrasonic brush 7, ultrasonic bath 8, high pressure spray nozzle 9). Even when the chips clogged between the abrasive grains are removed and pressed against the workpiece W by the shoe 2b for the second time and used for machining, stable machining efficiency and surface roughness can be obtained.
[0043]
Also, when cleaning by the cleaning means, since the abrasive grain surface is widened by being warped by the film roller, it is easy to remove chips clogged between abrasive grains, and when cleaning without warping More appropriate cleaning can be performed.
[0044]
In the above embodiment, an ultrasonic brush, an ultrasonic bath, and a high-pressure jet nozzle are exemplified as the cleaning means. However, any other means may be used as long as it can clean between the abrasive grains. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a lapping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a closed state of shoe pressing means.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an open state of shoe pressing means.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing how a wrapping film is washed with an ultrasonic brush.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing how a wrapping film is washed by an ultrasonic bath.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing how a wrapping film is washed by a high-pressure spray nozzle.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Wrapping film,
2, 2a, 2b ... shoe,
5 ... Supply reel,
6 ... take-up reel,
7 ... ultrasonic brush,
8 ... Ultrasonic bus,
9 ... High pressure injection nozzle,
R ₁ , R ₅ , R _{a to} R _h ... film roller,
W ... Work.

Claims (5)

Holding means for holding the workpiece rotatably;
A wrapping film in which abrasive grains are provided on one surface of a thin substrate;
At least two pressing means for pressing the abrasive surface of the wrapping film against the workpiece;
Film delivery means for delivering the wrapping film while processing is stopped;
On the path through which the wrapping film is delivered, the cleaning means is disposed between the two pressing means and cleans the abrasive surface of the wrapping film;
Have
The wrapping film, between the two pressing means, wrapping the so surface area of the abrasive surface of the lapping film is increased, while being diverted from the opposite side of the abrasive surface, is cleaned by the cleaning unit takes place Processing equipment. The lapping apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cleaning means is an ultrasonic brush that ultrasonically cleans the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film. 2. The lapping apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cleaning unit is an ultrasonic bath that immerses the wrapping film in a cleaning liquid and supplies ultrasonic vibrations to the cleaning liquid to clean the abrasive grain surface of the wrapping film. The lapping apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cleaning means is a high-pressure spray nozzle that cleans the abrasive surface of the wrapping film by spraying a cleaning liquid onto the wrapping film at a high pressure. The wrapping film is lapping apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 non-stretchable in and is deformable.

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