JP3730793B2 - Palladium complex compound - Google Patents
Palladium complex compound Download PDFInfo
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- JP3730793B2 JP3730793B2 JP35153098A JP35153098A JP3730793B2 JP 3730793 B2 JP3730793 B2 JP 3730793B2 JP 35153098 A JP35153098 A JP 35153098A JP 35153098 A JP35153098 A JP 35153098A JP 3730793 B2 JP3730793 B2 JP 3730793B2
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- bis
- palladium
- trifluoromethyl
- general formula
- complex compound
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- 0 FC(C(C1)CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC1C(C1)*1(P(c1ccccc1)(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)Cl)(F)F Chemical compound FC(C(C1)CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC1C(C1)*1(P(c1ccccc1)(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)Cl)(F)F 0.000 description 2
- UDMJYIWGMWNJSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC1C(F)(F)F Chemical compound CC(C1)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC1C(F)(F)F UDMJYIWGMWNJSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規なパラジウム−ホスフィン錯化合物に関し、該錯化合物は有機合成反応の触媒として有用である。
【0002】
【従来技術】
ホスフィンを配位子とする多数のパラジウム錯化合物が知られ、トリフルオロメチルフェニルを配位子とするものとして、
【0003】
【化4】
(Yはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素)などが知られており、これらは触媒としての用途が提案されているものもある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の新規なパラジウム−ホスフィン錯化合物を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
標記課題は、本発明の一般式(1)
【0006】
【化5】
(式中、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素のうちから選ばれる何れか一のハロゲン原子を表し、Lはそれぞれ独立にホスフィン配位子を表す)で表されるパラジウム錯化合物により解決される。
【0007】
また、本発明は一般式(2)
【0008】
【化6】
(式中、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素のうちから選ばれる何れか一のハロゲン原子を表し、Lはそれぞれ独立にホスフィン配位子を表す)で表されるパラジウム錯化合物である。
【0009】
また、本発明は一般式(4)
【0010】
【化7】
(式中、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素のうちから選ばれる何れか一のハロゲン原子を表す)で表されるパラジウム錯化合物である。
【0011】
一般式(1)で表されるパラジウム錯化合物のアリール基としては、2,3−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基、2,4−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基、2,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基、2,6−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基、3,4−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基などが挙げられる。これらのうち、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基が特に好ましい。
【0012】
一般式(1)で表される化合物においてLで表されるホスフィン配位子は、特に限定されないが、一般式(3)、
P(R3)3 (3)
(R3はそれぞれ独立に、フェニル基、o−トリル基、m−トリル基、p−トリル基、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基から選ばれた基を表す。)で表されるホスフィン配位子である。アルキル基は分岐を有することもあり、メチル基、エチル基、n−ブチル基などから選ばれた基であることが好ましい。また、Lで表されるホスフィン配位子は、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリス(o−トリル)ホスフィン、トリス(m−トリル)ホスフィン、トリス(p−トリル)ホスフィンまたはトリス(n−ブチル)ホスフィンなどが好ましく、トリフェニルホスフィンは特に好ましい。
【0013】
したがって、具体的には
【0014】
【化8】
などが好ましいものとして挙げられる。ここでPhはフェニル基、Tolylはトリル基、n−Buはノルマルブチル基をいう。
【0015】
また、これらのうちで特に好ましいものとしては、
【0016】
【化9】
などが挙げられる。
【0017】
本発明のパラジウム錯化合物の調製方法を以下に説明するが、これを適宜変更することは差し支えない。
【0018】
密閉できる容器に一般式(5)
【0019】
【化10】
(式中、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素のうちから選ばれる何れか一のハロゲン原子を表す)で表される芳香族化合物、溶媒、パラジウム化合物、ホスフィン配位子となるホスフィン、塩基性物質を仕込む。
【0020】
溶媒としては、一般式(5)で表される芳香族化合物が使える他、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどのケトン類、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル類、ピリジンなどの第三アミン類、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)などの酸アミド類、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、スルホランなどの含硫黄化合物、水などを使うことができる。
【0021】
塩基性物質としては、アンモニア、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリアリルアミン、N,N−ジメチルアニリン、N,N−ジエチルアニリン、ピリジン、N−メチルモルホリンなどの第三アミン類、酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸カリウムなどの酢酸塩、あるいは、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムなどの無機塩基などを挙げることができる。
【0022】
パラジウム化合物としては、酢酸パラジウム、塩化パラジウム、臭化パラジウムなどが好適である。
【0023】
原料各物質の使用比率は特に限定されないが、パラジウムを有効に利用するために、一般式(5)で表される芳香族化合物とホスフィンはそれぞれ1当量以上および2当量以上使用するのが好ましい。他の溶媒等は適宜の量を使用すればよい。
【0024】
容器は加圧してもしなくてもよく、攪拌してもしなくてもよい。仕込んだ原料などは通常は50〜150℃程度に加熱して反応の進行を速める。所定の時間が経過した後、容器を冷却して内容物を取り出す。内容物を単に濾過するか、適宜抽出溶媒を加え固形分を分離し、さらに揮発成分を留去すれば目的とする一般式(1)で表されるパラジウム錯化合物が得られる。必要に応じて再結晶により精製することができる。
【0025】
この新規化合物は結晶性で多くの有機溶媒に溶解し、安定である。また、室温において空気中で安定である。
【0026】
このような物理的、化学的性質を有するために単離操作が容易であるので高純度の物質が得られやすく、保存も容易であるので工業的な使用においても取り扱い易いという特徴がある。
【0027】
本発明のパラジウム錯化合物は、異なる配位子を有するパラジウム錯化合物の調製のための中間体となる他、各種の反応、例えば、ハロゲン化アリールへの一酸化炭素類の挿入反応とそれに続く還元的脱離による芳香族化合物のカルボニル化、ハロゲン化アリールへのオレフィン類の挿入反応とそれに続く還元的脱離によるビニル化反応、ハロゲン化アリールのカップリング反応などに対して触媒活性を有する。例えば、下図で表されるブロモ[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)
【0028】
【化11】
は、ハロゲン化アリールへの一酸化炭素類の挿入反応とそれに続く還元的脱離による芳香族化合物のカルボニル化、ハロゲン化アリールへのオレフィン類の挿入反応とそれに続く還元的脱離によるビニル化反応、ハロゲン化アリールのカップリング反応などにおいて触媒活性を示す。
【0029】
【実施例】
次に、本発明が製法について実施例を挙げて詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。別途注のない限り、圧力はゲージ圧を示す。
【0030】
[実施例1]
ブロモ[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)の合成
ステンレス製オートクレーブに3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ブロモベンゼン32.5g、酢酸パラジウム25.0g、トリフェニルホスフィン87.3g、テトラヒドロフラン75mlを混合し攪拌した。さらに25%アンモニア水38.0gを仕込んだ後、窒素置換を2回行い、窒素圧を3kg/cm2として攪拌を始めると内温が上昇した。その後油浴温度を105℃に設定し加熱を開始した。約1.8時間後、内温が97℃に達した時点で油浴を外し冷却し、反応を停止した。反応液にトルエン200mlを加え、数分間攪拌した。得られた処理液を吸引濾過し、少量のn−ヘキサンで洗浄した後、乾燥し淡緑色結晶72.1gを得た。これを塩化メチレンから再結晶精製したところブロモ[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)48.7gが得られた。
【0031】
物性:融点:(192℃以上で分解)
IR(KBr:cm-1) :3052,1435,1443,1166,1095,749,693,517
1H-NMR:(基準物質:TMS 溶媒:CDCl3)
δppm 6.75(s,1H),7.09(s,2H),7.24-7.37(m,18H),7.50-7.55(m,12H)
31P-NMR:(基準物質:85%H3PO4 溶媒:CDCl3)
δppm 27.33(s)
【0032】
[実施例2]
ヨード[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)の合成
実施例1の3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ブロモベンゼンを、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ヨードベンゼン4.00gとし、酢酸パラジウム2.64g、トリフェニルホスフィン9.29g、テトラヒドロフラン8.91g、29%アンモニア水3.45g、反応温度60〜80℃、反応時間3時間の条件で実施例1と同様に反応を行った。その結果、目的とするヨード[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)が8.81g得られた。
【0033】
物性:融点:(170℃以上で分解)
1H-NMR:(基準物質:TMS 溶媒:CDCl3)
δppm 6.75(s,1H),7.07(s,2H),7.24-7.37(m,18H),7.48-7.56(m,12H)
【0034】
[参考例]3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)安息香酸の合成
ステンレス製オートクレーブに3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ブロモベンゼン400g、ブロモ[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)2.40gを混合し、さらにトリエチルアミン291.4g、トリフェニルホスフィン0.887gおよび水200gを加えた。オートクレーブを閉止系とした上で攪拌を開始し窒素置換を3回および一酸化炭素置換を3回行い、一酸化炭素の初期圧を3kg/cm2に設定し油浴で加熱を始めた。内温が104〜105℃に達した時点で内圧を8.5kg/cm2に調整した。その後、一酸化炭素の導入量を調節しながら内温105℃、内圧8.5kg/cm2を保った。
【0035】
約16時間後加温を停止しオートクレーブを冷却し内部のガスをパージした。反応液を分液ロートに取り出し水200mlを加えた。この処理液を、2リットルビーカー中に調製した6N−HCl水溶液370gに20〜30℃を維持しながら攪拌しつつ滴下ロートより滴下した。析出した結晶を吸引濾過により濾別し水1120ml、続いて冷却したトルエン336mlで洗浄し、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)安息香酸の無色結晶279gを得た。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明のパラジウム錯化合物は、アリールハライド類のカルボニル化反応の触媒として、選択率、転化率、触媒活性などの面で優れた性能を示すものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel palladium-phosphine complex compound, which is useful as a catalyst for organic synthesis reactions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many palladium complex compounds with phosphine as a ligand are known, and trifluoromethylphenyl as a ligand,
[0003]
[Formula 4]
(Y is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) and the like are known, and some of these have been proposed for use as catalysts.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The novel palladium-phosphine complex compound of the present invention is provided.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The subject is the general formula (1) of the present invention.
[0006]
[Chemical formula 5]
( Wherein X represents any one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine , and L represents each independently a phosphine ligand). .
[0007]
Further, the present invention provides a general formula (2)
[0008]
[Chemical 6]
( Wherein X represents any one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine , and L represents a phosphine ligand each independently).
[0009]
Further, the present invention provides a general formula ( 4 )
[0010]
[Chemical 7]
(Wherein, X represents any one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine ).
[0011]
As an aryl group of the palladium complex compound represented by the general formula (1), 2,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 2,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 2,5-bis ( Examples include trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 2,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 3,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, and the like. Of these, a 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group is particularly preferred.
[0012]
The phosphine ligand represented by L in the compound represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, but the general formula (3),
P (R 3 ) 3 (3)
(R 3 represents each independently a group selected from a phenyl group, an o-tolyl group, an m-tolyl group, a p-tolyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms ). It is a child. The alkyl group may have a branch, and is preferably a group selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, and the like. Examples of the phosphine ligand represented by L include triphenylphosphine, tris (o-tolyl) phosphine, tris (m-tolyl) phosphine, tris (p-tolyl) phosphine, and tris (n-butyl) phosphine. Triphenylphosphine is preferred and particularly preferred.
[0013]
Therefore, specifically, [0014]
[Chemical 8]
And the like are preferable. Here, Ph is a phenyl group, Tolyl is a tolyl group, and n-Bu is a normal butyl group.
[0015]
Of these, particularly preferred are:
[0016]
[Chemical 9]
Etc.
[0017]
Although the preparation method of the palladium complex compound of this invention is demonstrated below, this may be changed suitably.
[0018]
General formula (5)
[0019]
[Chemical Formula 10]
(Wherein, X represents any one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine ), a solvent, a palladium compound, a phosphine that becomes a phosphine ligand, a basic Prepare the substance.
[0020]
As the solvent, an aromatic compound represented by the general formula (5) can be used, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, Ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, nitriles such as acetonitrile, tertiary amines such as pyridine, N, N-dimethylformamide Acid amides such as (DMF) and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane, water, and the like can be used.
[0021]
Basic substances include ammonia, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, triallylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-diethylaniline, pyridine, tertiary amines such as N-methylmorpholine, sodium acetate, Examples thereof include acetates such as potassium acetate, and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate.
[0022]
As the palladium compound, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, palladium bromide and the like are suitable.
[0023]
The use ratio of each raw material is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 1 equivalent or more and 2 equivalents or more of the aromatic compound and phosphine represented by the general formula (5) in order to effectively use palladium. Appropriate amounts of other solvents may be used.
[0024]
The container may or may not be pressurized and may or may not be stirred. The charged raw materials are usually heated to about 50 to 150 ° C. to accelerate the reaction. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the container is cooled and the contents are taken out. The desired palladium complex compound represented by the general formula (1) can be obtained by simply filtering the contents or adding an extraction solvent as appropriate to separate the solids and further distilling off the volatile components. If necessary, it can be purified by recrystallization.
[0025]
This novel compound is crystalline, soluble in many organic solvents and stable. It is stable in air at room temperature.
[0026]
Since it has such physical and chemical properties, it is easy to obtain a high-purity substance because it is easy to isolate, and it can be easily stored, so that it is easy to handle even in industrial use.
[0027]
The palladium complex compound of the present invention is an intermediate for the preparation of palladium complex compounds having different ligands, and various reactions such as insertion reaction of carbon monoxides into aryl halides and subsequent reduction. It has catalytic activity for carbonylation of aromatic compounds by chemical elimination, insertion reaction of olefins into aryl halides and subsequent vinylation reaction by reductive elimination, coupling reactions of aryl halides, and the like. For example, bromo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) represented in the figure below
[0028]
Embedded image
Is the reaction of insertion of carbon monoxides into aryl halides followed by carbonylation of aromatic compounds by reductive elimination, insertion of olefins into aryl halides and subsequent vinylation reaction by reductive elimination. And shows catalytic activity in aryl halide coupling reactions and the like.
[0029]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples of production methods, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise noted, pressure indicates gauge pressure.
[0030]
[Example 1]
Synthesis of bromo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) In a stainless steel autoclave, 32.5 g of 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) bromobenzene, palladium acetate 25. 0 g, 87.3 g of triphenylphosphine, and 75 ml of tetrahydrofuran were mixed and stirred. Furthermore, after charging 38.0 g of 25% ammonia water, nitrogen substitution was performed twice, and when the nitrogen pressure was 3 kg / cm 2 and stirring was started, the internal temperature rose. Thereafter, the oil bath temperature was set to 105 ° C. and heating was started. After about 1.8 hours, when the internal temperature reached 97 ° C., the oil bath was removed and the reaction was stopped. 200 ml of toluene was added to the reaction solution and stirred for several minutes. The obtained treatment liquid was subjected to suction filtration, washed with a small amount of n-hexane, and then dried to obtain 72.1 g of pale green crystals. When this was recrystallized and purified from methylene chloride, 48.7 g of bromo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) was obtained.
[0031]
Physical property: Melting point: (decomposes above 192 ° C)
IR (KBr: cm-1): 3052, 1435, 1443, 1166, 1095, 749, 693, 517
1 H-NMR: (Reference material: TMS solvent: CDCl 3 )
δppm 6.75 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.37 (m, 18H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 12H)
31 P-NMR: (Reference material: 85% H 3 PO 4 solvent: CDCl 3 )
δppm 27.33 (s)
[0032]
[Example 2]
Synthesis of iodo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) bromobenzene of Example 1 was converted to 3,5-bis ( Trifluoromethyl) iodobenzene 4.00 g, palladium acetate 2.64 g, triphenylphosphine 9.29 g, tetrahydrofuran 8.91 g, 29% aqueous ammonia 3.45 g, reaction temperature 60-80 ° C., reaction time 3 hours The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, 8.81 g of the desired iodo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) was obtained.
[0033]
Physical properties: Melting point: (decomposes above 170 ° C)
1 H-NMR: (Reference material: TMS solvent: CDCl 3 )
δppm 6.75 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.37 (m, 18H), 7.48-7.56 (m, 12H)
[0034]
[Reference Example] Synthesis of 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid 400 g of 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) bromobenzene and bromo [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] in a stainless steel autoclave 2.40 g of bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) was mixed, and 291.4 g of triethylamine, 0.887 g of triphenylphosphine and 200 g of water were added. Stirring was started after the autoclave was closed, nitrogen substitution was performed 3 times and carbon monoxide substitution was performed 3 times. The initial pressure of carbon monoxide was set to 3 kg / cm 2 and heating in an oil bath was started. When the internal temperature reached 104 to 105 ° C., the internal pressure was adjusted to 8.5 kg / cm 2 . Thereafter, the internal temperature was maintained at 105 ° C. and the internal pressure was 8.5 kg / cm 2 while adjusting the amount of carbon monoxide introduced.
[0035]
After about 16 hours, the heating was stopped, the autoclave was cooled, and the internal gas was purged. The reaction solution was taken out into a separating funnel and 200 ml of water was added. This treatment liquid was dropped from a dropping funnel while stirring at 370 g of 6N-HCl aqueous solution prepared in a 2 liter beaker while maintaining 20-30 ° C. The precipitated crystals were separated by suction filtration and washed with 1120 ml of water and subsequently with 336 ml of cooled toluene to obtain 279 g of colorless crystals of 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The palladium complex compound of the present invention exhibits excellent performance in terms of selectivity, conversion rate, catalytic activity and the like as a catalyst for the carbonylation reaction of aryl halides.
Claims (5)
P(R3)3 (3)
(R 3 はそれぞれ独立にフェニル基、o−トリル基、m−トリル基、p−トリル基、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基から選ばれた基である)で表されるホスフィン配位子である請求項1乃至2の何れかに記載のパラジウム錯化合物。The phosphine ligand represented by L is represented by the general formula (3),
P (R 3 ) 3 (3)
( R 3 is a phosphine ligand represented by a phenyl group, an o-tolyl group, an m-tolyl group, a p-tolyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms ). The palladium complex compound according to any one of claims 1 and 2.
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JP35153098A JP3730793B2 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1998-12-10 | Palladium complex compound |
DE69924077T DE69924077T2 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Process for the preparation of a palladium complex compound |
US09/458,080 US6706905B1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Method for producing palladium complex compound |
EP99124673A EP1008601B1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Method for producing palladium complex compound |
US10/116,057 US6878663B2 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2002-04-05 | Method for producing palladium complex compound |
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