JP3722726B2

JP3722726B2 - Vegetation mat for slope construction

Info

Publication number: JP3722726B2
Application number: JP2001205841A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 正二古川
Original assignee: 正二古川
Priority date: 2001-07-06
Filing date: 2001-07-06
Publication date: 2005-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2021-07-06
Also published as: JP2003020651A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、法面施工用植生マットに係り、詳しくは、切り取られた斜面や盛土のような人工的斜面の崩壊を防止して斜面を保護するとともに、斜面の平面的な緑化と立体的な樹形の生育を促進させ、もって自然環境の回復と保全を図ることができる法面施工用植生マットに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
切り取られた斜面や盛土のような人工的斜面は、雨水、地下水の浸透などによる浸食作用や風、気温などによる風化作用により崩壊して自然災害を誘起する虞がある。このため、従来から斜面を保護する法面工として、モルタル吹付け工、張り石工、張りコンクリート工、コンクリート枠工、落石防止棚工など、種々の工法が施工されているが、近時は自然環境の回復と保全を図る見地から植生工が要望され、好適な資材として各種の植生マットが提案されている。
【０００３】
ところが、従来提案されている植生マットは、植生基材を充墳する袋体が、表面側織布をポリ乳酸繊維糸のような生分解性糸で織成し、裏面側織布をポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン等の合成繊維糸で織成したもの、あるいは袋体の全体をポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン等の合成繊維で織成するとともに、表面側織布の目合を裏面側織布の目合より粗く織成し、かつ表面側織布に所要間隔を存してポリ乳酸繊維糸のような生分解性糸を織込んだもので構成されているので、植生基材中の種子が成長して斜面を緑化することにより、斜面の崩壊を防止することができても、緑化後にポリエステル等の合成繊維からなる織布が残滓して土に還ることができないため、これが景観を著しく損って自然環境の回復を妨げるという不具合がある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記のような実状に鑑み、従来の不具合を一掃すべく創案されたものであって、その意図するところは、相対的に生分解速度の異なる２種類の生分解性糸で植生マットの袋体を織成し、かつ該袋体内と草本類、木本類の種子を混入した客土等からなる植生基材を充墳して植生マットを構成し、これを斜面に敷設したことにより、生分解速度の早い生分解性糸が分解して土に還る時点では、草本類による平面的な緑化を図ることができ、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸が分解して土に還る時点では、木本類による立体的な樹形美を醸し出すことができ、もって法面の保護と相俟って、自然環境の回復と保全を図ることができる植生マットを提供することを課題とするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明が採用した第１の技術手段は、経糸と緯糸を交錯させて織成した袋体の内部に、植生基材を加圧注入してなる法面施工用植生マットにおいて、上記袋体は相対的に生分解速度の速い生分解性糸と、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸を所定の目合で交錯させて織成されていると共に、植生基材充填部が区画形成されており、該袋体の植生基材充填部には、生長の異なる草本類と木本類の種子が混入された植生基材が加圧注入されており、前記種子の伸長した根が斜面に密生して地盤に絡み付くことで植生マットを法面上に保持し、生分解速度の速い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、草本類の種子が成長して斜面を平面的に緑化し、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、木本類の種子が成長して立体的な樹形美を醸し出すと共に、植生マットの袋体が分解して土に還るように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
【０００６】
本発明が採用した第２の技術手段は、経糸と緯糸を交錯させて織成した袋体の内部に、植生基材を加圧注入してなる法面施工用植生マットを用いた法面の保護方法であって、前記袋体は相対的に生分解速度の速い生分解性糸と、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸を所定の目合で交錯させて織成されていると共に、植生基材充填部が区画形成されており、前記方法は、前記植生マットを構成する袋体を斜面に沿って敷設し、アンカーを用いて前記袋体を斜面に固定し、前記袋体の植生基材充填部に生長の異なる草本類、木本類の種子を混入した植生基材を加圧注入し、前記種子が発芽、発根し、伸長した根が斜面に密生して地盤に絡み付くことで、前記植生マットを斜面に保持し、生分解速度の速い生分解性糸が分解して土に還る時点では、草本類による平面的な緑化を図り、生分解速度の速い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、草本類の種子が成長して斜面を平面的に緑化し、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、木本類の種子が成長して立体的な樹形美を醸し出すと共に、植生マットの袋体が分解して土に還ることを特徴とするものである。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は植生マットの構成部材である袋体の平面図、図２は一部を縦断面して示す植生マットの斜視図、図３は斜面に敷設した状態を縦断面して示す植生マットの側面図である。
【０００８】
上記図において、植生マット１の構成部材である袋体２は、相対的に生分解速度の早い生分解性糸２ａと生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸２ｂを所定の目合２ｃで交錯させて織成されている。実施例では生分解速度の早い生分解性糸２ａを経糸とし、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸２ｂを緯糸に使用したものを示したが、これに限定されるものではなく、生分解速度の早い生分解性糸を緯糸とし、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸２ｂを経糸に使用してもよい。
【０００９】
生分解速度の早い生分解性糸２ａはポリ乳酸繊維が好適であり、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸２ｂは綿、麻等の植物繊維糸が好適であるが、これに限定されるものではなく、要は相対的に生分解速度の異なる２種類の生分解性糸で袋体２が織成されているものであればよい。
【００１０】
袋体２の地組織は、平織、斜文織、朱子織のいずれでもよいが、織成工程の容易性から平織が好ましい。また、地組織の目合２ｃも、これを蜜にすると植生マット１の剛性が向上するが、その反面植物の生育が阻害され、逆に粗くすると剛性が低下するので、３〜５ｍｍ程度が好ましい。
【００１１】
袋体２は所定の横幅で縦長状に織成されており、実施例では横幅２ｍに設定され、縦方向は１ｍごとに区画して織成されて、それぞれ横長状の植生基材充墳部２ｄが形成されている。また、袋体２の厚さは後述する植生基材３が上記充墳部２ｄに充墳された際、全体が５ｃｍ、７ｃｍ、１０ｃｍ、１５ｃｍ、２０ｃｍの厚みとなるように織成されている。更に袋体２は法面施工後に周囲の景観を損わないようにするため、斜面と同化する色（茶色系・茶褐色系）に着色されているが、着色手段は生分解成糸２ａ，２ｂを先染めしてもよく、また織成した袋体２を後染めしてもよい。
【００１２】
植生基材３は、客土、有機質堆肥、木材チップ、活性汚泥、草本類および木本類の植物の種子等からなり、これらを法面施工現場で水で混錬してポンプで袋体２に加圧注入することにより、植生マット１が構成される。
【００１３】
次に叙上のように構成した植生マット１による法面の施工法について説明する。先ず植生マット１の構成部材である袋体２を斜面に沿って所要枚敷設する。次いで袋体２の経方向の耳部に適宜の間隔でアンカー４を打設して袋体２を経緯方向に連結固定した後、袋体２に区画形成した各植生基材充墳部２ｄ……に、前記植生基材３を充墳して、袋体２の全体の厚みを現場の植生条件に対応して所定の厚みに設定する。この際、袋体２を斜面に沿って固定するアンカー４も、経年的に分解して土に還る素材を選択して形成する。
【００１４】
施工後、１０〜１５ヶ月位経過すると、種子が発芽、発根し、伸長した根が斜面に密生して地盤に絡み付いているので、植生マット１は安定して保持されており、雨や雪によって植生基材３が流出する惧れはない。そして、２〜３年経過すると、生分解速度が相対的に早いポリ乳酸繊維糸２ｂが水と炭酸ガスなどに分解して土に還るが、その時点では既に草本類の種子は成長しており、斜面を平面的に緑化することになる。
【００１５】
一方、木本類の種子は苗木に生長し、伸長した根は地盤に絡みついて安定した状態になっており、施工後４〜５年経過すると、生分解速度が相対的に遅い麻糸などが分解し、土に還る時点では立体的な樹形美を醸し出すに至る。したがって、植生マット１は残滓するものがなく、すべて生分解して土に還元するため、自然環境の回復と保全を図ることができる。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明によって明らかなように、本発明によれば、相対的に生分解速度の異なる２種類の生分解性糸で植生マットの構成部材である袋体を織成し、これに対応して袋体内に充墳される植生基材中に生長の異なる草本類と木本類の種子を混入してなるものであるから、これを斜面に敷設すると、生分解速度の早い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、生長の早い草木類の種子が成長して斜面を平面的に緑化することができ、生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸が分解した時点では、生長の遅い木本類の種子が成長して立体的な樹形美を醸し出すことができる許りでなく、植生マットの袋体も分解して土に還るので、景観を呈しならが法面を保護することができ、自然環境の回復と保全を図ることができる効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】植生マットの構成部材である袋体の平面図
【図２】一部を縦断面して示す植生マットの斜視図
【図３】斜面に敷設した状態を縦断面して示す植生マットの側面図
【符号の説明】
１植生マット
２袋体
２ａ生分解速度の早い生分解性糸（経糸）
２ｂ生分解速度の遅い生分解性糸（緯糸）
２ｃ目合
３植生基材
４アンカー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for slope construction, and more specifically, it protects the slope by preventing the collapse of an artificial slope such as a cut slope or embankment, and also provides a three-dimensional greening and three-dimensional slope. The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for slope construction that can promote the growth of a tree shape and thereby restore and preserve the natural environment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Artificial slopes such as cut slopes and embankments may collapse due to erosion due to infiltration of rainwater and groundwater, and weathering due to wind, temperature, etc., and induce natural disasters. For this reason, various methods such as mortar spraying, upholstery, upholstered concrete, concrete framing and falling rock prevention shelves have been constructed as slope works to protect the slope. Vegetation work is required from the viewpoint of environmental restoration and conservation, and various vegetation mats have been proposed as suitable materials.
[0003]
However, the conventionally proposed vegetation mat has a bag body filled with a vegetation base material, the front side woven fabric is woven with biodegradable yarn such as polylactic acid fiber yarn, and the back side woven fabric is polyester, polyamide, Weaving with synthetic fiber yarns such as polyethylene, or the entire bag body with synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, etc., and weaving the surface side woven fabric coarser than the back side woven fabric In addition, the surface side woven fabric is made of woven biodegradable yarn such as polylactic acid fiber yarn with a required interval, so the seeds in the vegetation base grow and green the slope Even if it is possible to prevent the slope from collapsing, the woven fabric made of synthetic fibers such as polyester cannot be left and returned to the soil after greening. This significantly damages the landscape and restores the natural environment. The impediment to hinder There is a case.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances to eliminate conventional problems, and its intended purpose is a vegetation mat composed of two types of biodegradable yarns having relatively different biodegradation speeds. The vegetation mat was constructed by filling a vegetation base material composed of the soil inside the bag body and herbaceous, woody seeds, etc., and laying it on the slope, When the biodegradable yarn with a high biodegradation rate decomposes and returns to the soil, planar greening with herbs can be achieved, and when the biodegradable yarn with a low biodegradation rate decomposes and returns to the soil It is an object of the present invention to provide a vegetation mat that can bring out the three-dimensional beauty of trees by woods, and can restore and preserve the natural environment in combination with the protection of the slope. It is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a first technical means adopted by the present invention is a vegetation mat for slope construction, which is formed by pressurizing and injecting a vegetation base material into a bag body woven by crossing warps and wefts. in, the receptacle is a relatively biodegradable and fast velocity biodegradable threads, with which woven by interlacing the biodegradable thread slow the rate of biodegradation in a predetermined eye focus, vegetation base material filling unit Is formed, and the vegetation base material mixed with herbaceous and woody seeds of different growth is pressure-injected into the vegetation base material filling portion of the bag, and the seeds are elongated. When the roots grow densely on the slope and entangle with the ground, the vegetation mat is held on the slope, and when the biodegradable yarn with high biodegradation rate decomposes, herbaceous seeds grow and the slope becomes flat. When greening and biodegradable yarn with slow biodegradation rate decomposes, woody seeds grow and become three-dimensional Together strike a Katachibi, in which the bag body of the vegetation mat is characterized by being configured as frogs decompose soil.
[0006]
The second technical means adopted by the present invention is to protect the slope using a vegetation mat for slope construction, in which a vegetation base material is injected under pressure into a bag woven by crossing warps and wefts. The bag body is woven by crossing a biodegradable yarn having a relatively high biodegradation rate and a biodegradable yarn having a low biodegradation rate with a predetermined degree, and a vegetation group. The material filling portion is partitioned, and the method includes laying a bag body constituting the vegetation mat along the slope, fixing the bag body to the slope using an anchor, and a vegetation base material of the bag body By injecting the vegetation base mixed with herbaceous and woody seeds with different growth in the filling part, the seeds germinate, root, and the elongated roots grow densely on the slope and entangle with the ground, At the time when the vegetation mat is held on the slope and the biodegradable yarn having a high biodegradation rate is decomposed and returned to the soil, herbs When the biodegradable yarn with a high biodegradation rate is decomposed by planar greening, the herbaceous seeds grow and the slope becomes green, and the biodegradable yarn with a slow biodegradation rate decomposes. At this point, the seeds of woody species grow to produce a three-dimensional beauty of the tree, and the vegetation mat bag body decomposes and returns to the soil.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bag body that is a constituent member of a vegetation mat, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a vegetation mat partially shown in a longitudinal section, and FIG. It is a side view.
[0008]
In the above figure, the bag 2 which is a constituent member of the vegetation mat 1 is made by crossing the biodegradable yarn 2a having a relatively high biodegradation rate and the biodegradable yarn 2b having a relatively low biodegradation rate with a predetermined mesh 2c. Is woven. In the examples, the biodegradable yarn 2a having a high biodegradation rate is used as a warp and the biodegradable yarn 2b having a low biodegradation rate is used as a weft. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A biodegradable yarn having a fast biodegradability may be used as the weft, and a biodegradable yarn 2b having a slow biodegradation rate may be used as the warp.
[0009]
The biodegradable yarn 2a having a high biodegradation rate is preferably a polylactic acid fiber, and the biodegradable yarn 2b having a low biodegradation rate is preferably a plant fiber yarn such as cotton or hemp, but is not limited thereto. Instead, what is essential is that the bag body 2 is woven with two types of biodegradable yarns having relatively different biodegradation rates.
[0010]
The ground structure of the bag body 2 may be any of plain weave, oblique weave, and satin weave, but plain weave is preferable because of the ease of the weaving process. In addition, when the ground texture 2c is made nectar, the rigidity of the vegetation mat 1 is improved. On the other hand, the growth of the plant is inhibited. .
[0011]
The bag body 2 is woven in a vertically long shape with a predetermined width. In the embodiment, the bag body 2 is set to a width of 2 m, and the lengthwise direction is divided and woven every 1 m. 2d is formed. Moreover, the thickness of the bag body 2 is woven so that the whole thickness becomes 5 cm, 7 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm when the vegetation base 3 described later is filled in the filling portion 2d. . Further, the bag body 2 is colored in a color assimilated with the slope (brown / brown) in order not to damage the surrounding landscape after the slope construction, but the coloring means is biodegradable yarn 2a, 2b. May be pre-dyed, or the woven bag 2 may be post-dyed.
[0012]
The vegetation base 3 is made of soil, organic compost, wood chips, activated sludge, herbaceous and woody plant seeds, etc., which are kneaded with water at the slope construction site and pumped into the bag 2 The vegetation mat 1 is constructed by injecting under pressure.
[0013]
Next, the slope construction method using the vegetation mat 1 configured as described above will be described. First, a required number of bags 2 which are constituent members of the vegetation mat 1 are laid along the slope. Next, anchors 4 are driven at appropriate intervals in the warp direction ears of the bag body 2 to connect and fix the bag body 2 in the weft direction. ..., the vegetation base material 3 is filled, and the entire thickness of the bag body 2 is set to a predetermined thickness corresponding to the vegetation conditions at the site. At this time, the anchor 4 for fixing the bag body 2 along the slope is also formed by selecting a material that decomposes over time and returns to the soil.
[0014]
After about 10 to 15 months have passed since construction, seeds germinate and root, and the extended roots are densely tangled on the slope and entangled with the ground. Therefore, there is no possibility that the vegetation base material 3 flows out. After a few years, the polylactic acid fiber yarn 2b, which has a relatively fast biodegradation rate, decomposes into water and carbon dioxide and returns to the soil, but at that point the herbaceous seeds have already grown. The slope will be greened in a plane.
[0015]
On the other hand, the seeds of woody plants grow into seedlings, and the extended roots are entangled with the ground and are in a stable state. After 4 to 5 years after construction, hemp yarn, etc., whose biodegradation rate is relatively slow, decomposes. However, at the time of returning to the soil, it brings on a three-dimensional beauty of the tree. Therefore, the vegetation mat 1 has no residue and is all biodegraded and reduced to soil, so that the natural environment can be restored and preserved.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a bag body, which is a constituent member of a vegetation mat, is woven with two types of biodegradable yarns having relatively different biodegradation rates, and the bag body corresponding to this is woven. Since the seedlings of herbaceous and woody plants with different growth are mixed in the vegetation base filled in, biodegradable yarn with a high biodegradation rate is decomposed when laid on the slope. At this point, the seeds of fast growing vegetation can grow and the slope can be greened flat, and when the biodegradable yarn with slow biodegradation rate decomposes, the seeds of the slow growing woody species grow. As a result, the vegetation mat bag can be decomposed and returned to the soil, so that the landscape can be protected and the natural environment can be restored. And there is an effect that can be maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bag body that is a constituent member of a vegetation mat. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a vegetation mat partially shown in a vertical section. FIG. Side view [Explanation of symbols]
1 Vegetation mat 2 Bag 2a Biodegradable yarn (warp) with fast biodegradation rate
2b Biodegradable yarn with slow biodegradation rate (weft)
2c Scale 3 Vegetation base 4 Anchor

Claims

In the vegetation mat for slope construction formed by pressure-injecting the vegetation base material into the bag body woven by crossing warps and wefts,
The receptacle is a fast relatively biodegradation rate biodegradable threads, with which woven by interlacing the biodegradable thread slow the rate of biodegradation in a predetermined eye case, the the receptacle vegetation group The material filling part is compartmented,
In the vegetation base filling portion of the bag body, a vegetation base mixed with herbaceous seeds and woody seeds with different growth is pressure-injected,
Hold the vegetation mat on the slope by the roots of the seeds growing densely on the slope and entangled with the ground,
When the biodegradable yarn with high biodegradation rate breaks down, herbaceous seeds grow and green the slope
When the biodegradable yarn with a slow biodegradation rate is decomposed, the seeds of woody plants grow to create a three-dimensional beauty of the tree, and the vegetation mat bag is decomposed and returned to the soil. A vegetation mat for slope construction.

A method of protecting a slope using a vegetation mat for slope construction, which is obtained by pressurizing and injecting a vegetation base material into a bag body woven by crossing warps and wefts ,
The bag body is woven by crossing a biodegradable yarn having a relatively high biodegradation rate and a biodegradable yarn having a low biodegradation rate with a predetermined degree. The material filling part is compartmented,
The method
Laying the bag body constituting the vegetation mat along the slope,
Fix the bag to the slope using an anchor,
Pressurize and inject a vegetation base mixed with herbaceous and woody seeds with different growth into the vegetation base filling part of the bag,
The seeds germinate, root, and the elongated roots densely grow on the slope and entangle with the ground, holding the vegetation mat on the slope,
At the time when the biodegradable yarn with a high biodegradation rate decomposes and returns to the soil, we plan to plan greening with herbs,
When the biodegradable yarn with high biodegradation rate breaks down, herbaceous seeds grow and green the slope
When biodegradable yarn with a slow biodegradation rate is decomposed, woody seeds grow and produce a three-dimensional tree shape beauty, and the vegetation mat bag body decomposes and returns to the soil.
A method of protecting a slope using a vegetation mat for slope construction characterized by the above.