JP2779869B2 - Vegetation method such as three-dimensional structural net and slope - Google Patents

Description

[Technical field] The present invention relates to a vegetation net for preserving slopes and stabilizing greening, a net for collecting and draining water on a lands, a protection net for rocks, a protection net for rock surface, and a safety for construction. Net, insulation net,
A three-dimensional structure that can be widely and suitably used as various nets such as sports and medical nets, as industrial materials such as core materials for cushions and mats, reinforcing core materials for various molded products, and for clothing and other various uses. The present invention relates to a net and a vegetation method such as a slope using the net.

(Background technology)

Conventionally, for example, in a vegetation method for the purpose of preserving a slope and stabilizing greening, a net made of a wire mesh or a synthetic resin material is used, and the net is stretched on the slope to prevent collapse of soil and sand. It has been practiced to spray vegetation materials such as seeds and soil. In this vegetation method, if the vegetation material easily flows out and scatters due to wind and rain, or slides down with earth and sand, the plants will not be completely established, and the purpose of greening cannot be achieved.

Therefore, in recent years, it has been considered that a string portion forming a mesh has a three-dimensional structure such as a wall as a vegetation net (for example, JP-A-3-183820). However, in the case of such a net, as the diameter (crossing) of the mesh is increased, the effect of preventing the collapse of the earth and sand is reduced.
There is a problem in the shape retention of the three-dimensional string such as the wall,
Deformation such as bending or falling, excessive expansion of the mesh, or rise of the net may cause problems in prevention of earth and sand collapse and vegetation material holding effect.

On the other hand, if the mesh is made too small, the growth and growth of plants will be hindered, and the amount of yarn used will increase, and the net itself will be heavy and difficult to handle, and will be expensive.

In the case of a net having a three-dimensional structure knitted by a mesh fabric on the front and back and a connecting yarn connecting the two fabrics with a warp knitting machine such as a double Raschel machine, it is common to use a relatively soft and stretchable monofilament yarn. , But on the other hand,
Depending on applications such as a vegetation net and a cushion material, a material that is relatively hard and has shape stability is required.

For example, in the case of vegetation nets, connecting yarns that hold a three-dimensional shape are required to be relatively stiff and have a shape-retaining force. Good. On the other hand, it is better to have some flexibility in handling such as transportation, and it is not preferable to make the entire net hard.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has a three-dimensional structure, such as a net having small eyes, has a good three-dimensional structure and good shape retention of the net shape, and can prevent the net from floating. It provides a three-dimensionally structured net that can maintain good characteristics, is lightweight, is easy to handle, can be easily stretched, and can be suitably used for vegetation nets and other various uses. When used as a net or a protective net, the present invention provides a net that is excellent in preventing the collapse of earth and sand and the outflow and scattering of vegetation material.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensionally structured net, which has a good shape retention of a portion defining a net space, and is excellent in ventilation and water permeability and water retention.
Further, the present invention provides a three-dimensionally structured net having a function not available in a conventional net by combining it with another material such as a cotton-like material, or by combining it with a sheet-like material.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation method such as a slope using the net having the three-dimensional structure.

[Disclosure of the Invention]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is claimed in claim 1.
The invention is a three-dimensional structure net formed by warp knitting, comprising a net-like base material on the front and back and a connecting yarn connecting these two bases at a required interval, and the base material on the front and back are respectively The string portion forming the mesh is constituted by a stitch row of one or more wales, and the mesh of one of the front and back fabrics is formed larger than the mesh of the other fabric,
A connecting thread is hung over and connected to each of the string portions of the one base and the corresponding corresponding string portion of the other base, and a connecting portion formed by the connecting yarn corresponds to the net mesh corresponding to the large mesh. It is characterized in that a string defining a space and having no connecting thread on the other substrate forms a plurality of small meshes inside the net space.

According to this three-dimensionally structured net, the bending deformation of the connecting portion that defines the three-dimensional net space can be performed by forming a small mesh inside the net space without the connecting yarn on one side of the front and back sides. It can be regulated by the ridges, so that the three-dimensional state and the shape of the net space can be maintained well, the net space can be prevented from being excessively expanded, and the net stretched on a slope or the like can be prevented from rising.

The invention according to claim 2 is a three-dimensional structural net formed by warp knitting in the same manner as described above, wherein the front and back net-like bases each have one or more wale stitches each forming a net. The nets are formed by rows and are connected by connecting yarns that are laid over the bases at one or more strings of the bases, and the connecting portions of the connecting yarns are larger than the mesh of the front and back bases. An eye space is defined, and a string portion having no connecting yarn of the front and back bases forms a plurality of small meshes inside the net space.

In the case of the present invention, since the string portions having no connecting thread forming the small mesh inside the three-dimensional net space are present on both the front and back sides, the connecting portion defining the net space is provided. Can be regulated by the cord portions on both sides, and the three-dimensional state and the shape of the net space can be further improved, and the net space does not excessively expand and the connecting portion does not fall.

In each of the three-dimensionally structured nets according to any of the above aspects, since each of the cord portions on the front and back surfaces is formed of a stitch row of one or a plurality of wales, the tensile strength of the cord portion is also increased.

In particular, as in the invention of claim 3, in the three-dimensionally structured net of each of the above-mentioned inventions, the cord portions on the front and back substrates are set to 1
Alternatively, by adopting a structure composed of a stitch row composed of a chain knitting yarn of a plurality of wales and an insertion yarn oscillated into the chain knitting yarn, the strength is further increased and cutting is not easily generated.

The invention according to claim 4 is, in the three-dimensional structural net according to each of the inventions described above, wherein the string portion forming the mesh of the front and back bases is formed of a stitch row of one or more wales continuous in the knitting direction,
The string portions are alternately knotted at required intervals corresponding to the left and right adjacent string portions and the mesh to form a zigzag shape, and each is configured to form a polygonal mesh such as a square or a hexagon. It becomes.

When formed in this way, despite the fact that the net has a three-dimensional structure, it is possible to easily adjust the width of the net and fold it, and it is also easy to manufacture by warp knitting with a double Raschel machine.

The invention according to claim 5 is the three-dimensionally structured net according to each of the inventions, wherein the front and back thread portions around which the connecting yarn is laid are formed of a plurality of wale stitch rows, and the connecting portion formed by the connecting yarn has a width of the plurality of wales. It is characterized by having a substantially hollow or three-dimensional shape having a three-dimensional space through which air and water can pass.

According to the three-dimensionally structured net having this configuration, the connection portion defining the net space has high compression resistance, and is combined with the shape-retaining effect of the string portion having no connection yarn on one or both sides of the front and back sides. Thus, the connecting portion can be favorably held in a three-dimensional state. In addition, the connecting portion itself has a continuous space in the longitudinal direction inside the connecting portion, so that good ventilation and water permeability are maintained.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the three-dimensional structural net of each of the inventions described above, the connecting portion connects the string portions of the base material on the front and the back at different positions on the front and back, respectively, to connect the base material on the front and the back. In this structure, the connecting portions are alternately inclined left and right.

In this way, the connecting portions forming the three-dimensional structure defining the net space are alternately inclined left and right, so that when a load or pressure in the thickness direction acts on the net, the connecting portions are mutually restricted. Thus, in combination with the shape-retaining effect of the string portion having no connecting thread, the pressure-resistant strength and the shape-retaining property are excellent, and good elasticity can be retained. therefore,
Excessive compression and crushing when this net is buried in the ground can be prevented, and the properties and voids of the three-dimensional structure and three-dimensionally structured net can be favorably maintained.

Therefore, the three-dimensional structural net of each of the above-mentioned inventions has a three-dimensional net function of a relatively large mesh by the net space,
It has the function of a smaller mesh net and can be suitably used for various applications by utilizing these characteristics, but it is particularly suitable as a vegetation net used for vegetation construction methods for slope maintenance and greening, and as a safety net. And a protective net.

For example, the connecting portion of the three-dimensional structure that defines the net space prevents the collapse of stones, earth and sand, or soil, and the outflow or scattering of vegetation material. And collapse of earth and sand can be prevented. In particular, in the case where the three-dimensionally structured net according to claim 5, which has a void in the connecting portion, is buried and used, an aeration effect of giving oxygen to plant roots is obtained through the void in the connecting portion, and the inside of the connecting portion is provided. Serve as a flow passage for efficient ventilation and water supply / drainage.

In the three-dimensionally structured net of each invention, as in the invention of claim 7, the front and back bases are knitted using yarns having different thicknesses with a knitting machine gauge with a difference of two times or more between the front and back. I can put it.

As a result, a fabric using a yarn with strength, hardness and elasticity that cannot be knitted with the same knitting gauge on the front and back can be knitted by using a thick monofilament yarn for the coarse gauge, for example, to a conventional double knitted fabric. A three-dimensional structural net having no new physical properties can be obtained. Further, thereby, the strength of the cord portion against tension and the like is further increased, elongation is suppressed, and the shape retention and durability are excellent.

In the three-dimensionally structured net of each of the inventions, as in claim 8, the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back substrates are made of a corrosive fiber such as a natural fiber or a degradable chemical fiber, or a synthetic fiber and a corrosive fiber such as a natural fiber. It can be made of a blended fiber.

In this case, since the net will be corroded or decomposed over time, if this net is used as a vegetation net such as a slope, the vegetation material can be reliably held by the net in the initial stage of vegetation, Moreover, it does not hinder the growth of plants due to corrosion or decomposition over time. That is, the synthetic fibers remain environmentally friendly without remaining in the natural world.

Further, in the three-dimensionally structured net of each invention, as in claim 9, all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back fabrics are made of superabsorbent fibers or blended fibers containing the fibers. Things. Thereby, the water retention of the net itself is further improved, and the vegetation method using the net can be suitably performed. In particular, the method is suitable for implementing a greening method on land with poor water retention such as desert land.

As in the invention of claim 10, in the three-dimensionally structured net, all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back substrates are formed of a thermosetting fiber, a heat shrinkable fiber, and a heat fusible fiber. Any one of them, or a yarn of a blended fiber or a drawn fiber containing the fiber, can be subjected to heat processing after knitting.

In this case, due to the heat processing after knitting, for example, in the case of a yarn of a thermosetting fiber, the yarn is hardened and the knitted structure is hardly broken, and in the case of a yarn of a heat-shrinkable fiber, the yarn shrinks to form a stitch. In the case of heat-fusible fiber yarn, the yarn is melted and hardened, and the stitch is hard to collapse.Either of them can be easily stretched, and the shape of the stretched net can be stabilized. Can be.

Further, in the three-dimensionally structured net of each of the above-mentioned inventions, as in claim 11, elastic yarns can be used for all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back substrates. As a result, a net having a hollow three-dimensional structure having elasticity can be obtained, and a fitting property that cannot be obtained with a net using no elastic yarn can be obtained.

In the three-dimensionally structured net of each of the inventions, as in claim 12, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, degradable chemical fibers, water-retaining fibers, carbon, glass and other fibers, or cotton-like materials of these mixed fibers, cushioning materials Other materials, such as heat insulating materials and fertilizers, can be inserted into the net space at any location, or can be held by being joined to the front and back net-like base material and the connecting yarn. Thus, the density of the three-dimensionally structured net can be increased or the bulk can be increased, and the water retention, elasticity, heat insulation, and the like can be further increased depending on the application. Also,
The outflow of fine soil and the like can be prevented.

Further, according to the present invention, as in claim 13, the three-dimensional structural net of each invention is expanded and held in a three-dimensional state, and a woven fabric,
A composite structure can be formed by bonding to a nonwoven fabric, paper or other sheet-like material, a flat or three-dimensional net-like material, or a synthetic resin or metal plate-like material.

Thereby, the elasticity peculiar to the three-dimensional structural net by warp knitting can be regulated by the sheet-like material, another net-like material or the plate-like material, and the tensile and shape retention strengths are increased, and the ventilation and water permeability are good. And it is particularly suitable for burying and using as a drainage net for embankment stability.
Further, as described above, it facilitates the attachment of other materials.

In the three-dimensionally structured net of each of the inventions, a vegetation material containing a fertilizer, a water retention agent, a seed germination agent, and the like can be attached as described in claim 14. Thus, vegetation can be achieved only by stretching this net on a slope or the like, and the implementation of the vegetation method can be labor-saving and efficient, and is economical.

The invention of claim 15 is a vegetation method such as a slope using the three-dimensionally structured net according to any of the above-described inventions. It is characterized by being stretched and vegetated so as to hold vegetation material including seeds in a net space surrounded by a connecting portion connecting the front and back substrates.

When the vegetation method is implemented in this way, the relatively large net space surrounded by the connecting portions connecting the front and back substrates enables efficient storage of vegetation materials such as seeds, fertilizer, soil, water retention agents, etc. In addition to preventing runoff and scattering due to the net, even if the net space is relatively large, the lands forming the small mesh inside the net space can prevent the landslide on the slope from falling. In addition, when the soil is made, by suppressing the small net by the gravity of the soil, the whole net can be brought into close contact with the slope. Furthermore, the plants can settle on the slopes in the net space, grow and grow, and do not hinder the vegetation.

In particular, in the vegetation method, when the net according to claim 5 is used, good ventilation and water permeability are maintained due to the holding of the voids in the connecting portion by the connecting yarn. And flows along or through the connecting portion or the cord portion, does not infiltrate the slope more than necessary, and can effectively prevent the slope from collapsing.

The invention of claim 16 is a slope vegetation method using the same three-dimensional structural net as described above, and expands the three-dimensional structural net in a three-dimensional state, stretches the three-dimensional structural net on the slope, etc. At least one kind of vegetation bag filled with vegetation material including seeds, solid material of vegetation material, fertilizer bag, solid fertilizer, water retention material, etc. is placed in the net space at an arbitrary position surrounded by the connection part connecting the bases. It is characterized by holding and planting.

In this case, since the net space exists in the whole area of the net, the placement density is adjusted according to the situation of the slope, and the vegetation bag,
The material such as a fertilizer bag can be retained, and a uniform and good vegetation and greening method can be implemented.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of a three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the above.

FIG. 3 is a wrapping diagram of each constituent yarn showing a specific knitting structure of the above.

FIG. 4 is a wrapping diagram of each constituent yarn showing another knitting structure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing another embodiment of the three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention.

 FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the above.

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing another embodiment of the three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view of a part of a state in which the same net is used for a slope vegetation method.

FIG. 9 is a partially schematic perspective view showing the state of implementation of the vegetation method using the three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partially schematic perspective view showing the state of implementation of the vegetation method using the three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a part of a three-dimensionally structured net A warp-knitted with synthetic fiber yarns, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the same, and FIG. Is shown.

In the figure, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote front and back net-like base materials, and reference numeral 3 denotes a connecting yarn for connecting these base materials 1 and 2 at a required interval. Numeral 11 designates a string forming the mesh 12 of the front substrate 1, and numeral 21 designates a string defining the mesh 22 of the rear substrate 2, which are parallel to each other by one or more wale stitch rows. It is configured to make.

One of the front and back net-like bases, for example, the mesh 12 of the front base 1 is formed larger than the mesh 22 of the other base 2 as shown in the figure, The connecting thread 3 is alternately wrapped around the corresponding thread portion 21 of the other substrate 2 to connect the two substrates 1 and 2 to each other. As a result, the connecting portion 30 of the connecting yarn 3 defines a net space S corresponding to the large mesh 12, and the string portion 21 having no connecting yarn 3 in the other base 2 is connected to the net space S. Form a plurality of small meshes 22 inside. In the case of the drawing, the size of the mesh 22 of the base 2 is set so as to form four meshes 22 inside the net space S.

The string portions 11 and 21 that define the meshes 12 and 22 of the front and back net-like bases 1 and 2 are knitted by chain knitting yarns and insertion yarns that are oscillated and inserted into the chain knitting wale. The stitches 11 and 21 formed by this stitch row are alternately knotted at required intervals corresponding to the strings 11 and 21 adjacent to the left and right and the meshes 11 and 22. It is zigzag and continuous in the knitting direction.
12, 22 are polygons such as a square, a rhombus, or a substantially hexagon. Reference numerals 13 and 23 denote knot portions between the cord portions 11, 11 and between the 21, 21 portions.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the string portions 11, 21 of the front and back base materials 1, 2 each comprise a plurality of stitch rows, and the connecting yarn 3
Has a width spanning the front and back sides and a plurality of wales in a plurality of rows of the stitch rows constituting the cord strip portions 11 and 21, and the connecting portion 30 is continuously formed in a zigzag shape in the knitting direction, and in the longitudinal direction thereof. It is formed so as to form a three-dimensional shape having a substantially hollow or three-dimensional space through which air and water can be passed in and out. Reference numeral 4 denotes a space inside the connecting portion 30.

The three-dimensionally structured net A of the above embodiment is formed by warp knitting by a double Raschel machine having two rows of needle beds, and a specific example of the knitting will be described with reference to FIG.

On the front side of the double Raschel machine, two types of chain knitting reeds L2 and L3 for alternately guiding four chain knitting yarns, respectively, and an insertion yarn reed L1 for guiding insertion yarns every four wales, While oscillatingly inserting the insertion yarns into the chain knitting wools by the chain knitting reeds L2 and L3, knit the string portions 11 of the mesh material 1 on the front side with a stitch row extending over 4 wales, and The knitting yarns are alternately shifted laterally by 4 wale in the left and right directions corresponding to each required course to form stitches, and knots 13 are alternately tied to the string portions 11 adjacent to the left and right, and then returned to the original wale position To organize.
Note that the two types of chain knitting reeds L2 and L3 in FIG. 3 each show only a part of the two chain knitting yarns at the center and omit the remaining illustration.

On the back side, two types of chain knitting reeds L6 and L7 for alternately guiding two chain knitting yarns, and an insertion yarn reed L8 for guiding insertion yarns every two wales, are used for chain knitting. Reed L
6, while knitting the insertion yarns to the chain knitting wool by L7, respectively, knit the string portions 21 of the fabric 2 on the back side with a stitch row extending over 2 wales and correspond to the mesh 22. The knitting yarns are alternately shifted laterally by two wales for each required course to form two stitches to form stitches, alternately knotting 23 with the left and right adjacent string portions 21, and then returning to the original wale position and knitting I do.

In particular, this back side string section 21 is the front side base 1
By shifting sideways alternately to the left and right every 1/2 course of the number of courses where knots 11 are knotted, each of the knots at the position corresponding to the knot 13 of the knots 11 and the intermediate position therebetween 21 are alternately knotted with the string portions 21 adjacent to the left and right. As a result, the mesh strip 2 having an opening area of 1/4 is formed in the mesh 12 of the base 1 on the front side when viewed from the plane, as viewed from the plane.
4 will be formed.

Further, as for the connecting yarn 3, two kinds of connecting yarn reeds L4 and L5, which alternately guide two yarns each, are used to form a stitch row of two wales each of which constitutes the string portion 21 of the base material 2 on the back side. Alternately cross over the two-wale stitch rows out of the four rows that make up the corresponding strips 11 of the base material 1 on the front side,
The two bases 1 and 2 are connected and knitted with the connecting yarn 3, and for each required course, at the intermediate position between the knots 13 and 13 in the string section 11, The knitting is performed by shifting to the position of the two-wale stitch row and the corresponding position of the other two-wale stitch row in the cord section 11 of the base material 1 on the front side. At the positions of the knot portions 13 and 23, the knitting is performed so as to be shifted laterally in accordance with the shift of the stitch row of the string portion 21.

By connecting and knitting in this manner, only the string portion 11 of the front-side net-like base material 1 and the corresponding string portion 21 of the back-side net-like base material 2 are connected by the connecting yarn 3 over two rows of wales. You. This connecting portion 30 is made of
By setting the knitting machine gauge as appropriate, it is possible to form a three-dimensional shape having a substantially hollow or three-dimensional space through which ventilation and water can pass.

After this knitting, the knitted fabric is appropriately widened so as to form a net, and the meshes 12 and 22 of the front and back bases 1 and 2 are opened and heat-set, so that the yarn to be used has an appropriate shape retention force. Is applied, the connecting portion 30 of the connecting yarn 3 forms the net space S corresponding to the mesh 12, and the three-dimensionally structured net A shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained.

The three-dimensionally structured net A can be used to reduce the bending deformation and the like of the connecting portion 30 defining the net space S by using a string portion having no connecting yarn.
21, the three-dimensional state and the shape retention of the net space S are improved, and the net space is not excessively expanded.

FIG. 4 illustrates another knitting structure of the three-dimensionally structured net A of the present invention. In this case, the two-wale stitches formed by the chain knitting yarn and the insertion yarn are used to connect the string portion 11 of the net-like base material 1 with the chain knitting yarn and the insertion yarn. And the knitting portion 21 of the mesh material 2 on the back side is knitted so as to be constituted by a 1-wale stitch row composed of a chain knitting yarn and an insertion yarn. It is linked and knitted. The knotting means of the string portions 11 and 21 and the method of connection by the connection yarn 3 can be knitted in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.

Front and back net-like bases in the three-dimensional structure net A
Regarding the sizes and opening shapes of the meshes 12 and 22 and the mesh space S of 1,2, the number of knots 13 and 23 of the cords 11 and 21 and the number of courses therebetween, or the knitting structure and widening adjustment are arbitrarily determined. Can be set.

Further, it is similarly possible to form a large number of four or more meshes, for example, by forming nine meshes in each of two longitudinal and horizontal string portions inside the net space S.

As a configuration of each of the cord strips 11 and 21 of the above net-like bases 1 and 2,
In addition to having a width of two or more wale (usually two to several tens wale), it is also possible to simply form a mesh of one wale. In addition, the width of the connecting portion 30 formed by the connecting yarn 3 can have a width of not only one wale but also a plurality of wales. Those with multiple wale widths,
The connecting portion 30 itself has a continuous space in the longitudinal direction in the inside thereof, so that good ventilation and water permeability are maintained, and good compression resistance is also obtained.

The distance between the front and back substrates 1 and 2 (the height of the connecting portion) can be set as appropriate according to the distance between the two rows of needle beds of the double Raschel machine. When the connecting portion 30 extends over a plurality of wales, the connecting yarn 3 is determined by the wale interval (gauge interval).
Can be made coarse or dense.

5 and 6 show an embodiment of a three-dimensionally structured net A according to another invention in which meshes smaller than the net space are formed on both front and back sides.

The three-dimensionally structured net A of this embodiment has meshes 12 and 22 of the bases 1 and 2, which form a net on each of the front and back sides, similarly to the above-described embodiment.
Are formed by a stitch row of one or more wales, and in each of the first and second strands 11 and 21 of each of the two bases 1 and 2, It is connected by a connecting yarn 3 that is wrapped around 2. And, by this connecting part 30, the mesh 1 of the front and back substrates 1, 2
A net space S larger than 2,22 is defined,
A plurality of meshes smaller than the mesh space S are formed inside the net space S by the string portions 11 and 21 of the front and back bases 1 and 2 having no connecting yarn 3.
12,22 are formed.

In the case of the net A of this embodiment, the string portions 11 and 21 of the front and back bases 1 and 2 are respectively bridged so as to cross in an X-shape between the opposing sides of the net space S so that four nets 22 are formed. The sizes of the meshes 12, 22 of the two bases 1, 2 are set so as to form.

In the knitting of the knitting structure shown in FIG. 3, the net A is composed of two types of chain knitting reeds L2 and L3 and knitting reed L for knitting the front side substrate 1.
The first knitting structure can be obtained by changing and knitting so as to have the same structure as the chain stitch reeds L6, L7 and the inserted yarn reed L8 for knitting the back body 2. Reference numerals 13 and 23 denote knots between the string portions on the front and back, respectively.

According to the three-dimensionally structured net A of this embodiment, the deformation of the connecting portion 30 that defines the net space S is changed by the string portions on both sides.
It can be regulated at 11, 21 and the shape of the three-dimensional state and the net space S can be maintained well.

In this embodiment, as shown in the figure, the net-like base materials 1 and 2 on the front and back sides each preferably form the cord portions 11 and 21 by the stitch rows of the chain knitting yarn and the insertion yarn, respectively. It is preferable that the connecting portion 30 defining the net space S has a width extending over a plurality of wales and has a substantially hollow three-dimensional shape through which ventilation and water can flow.

Further, the widths of the cord portions 11 and 21 of the front and back net-like bases 1 and 2, the openings 12 and 22 and the opening shape and size of the net space S, and the front and back meshes 12 and 22 inside the net space S , The width of the connecting portion 30, the overall thickness, and the like can be appropriately changed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.

In the three-dimensionally structured net of any of the above-described embodiments, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the positions of the knots 13 and 23 of the front and back string portions 11 and 21, that is, the chains forming the string portions 11 and 21. By knitting the knitting yarn and the insertion yarn and the knot position by the wale transition of the connection yarn passed over the knitting by shifting the positions mutually on the front and back, the connection portion 30 by the connection yarn 3 is inclined alternately, For example, a substantially truss structure can be used. In this case, excellent pressure resistance and shape retention can be obtained, and good elasticity can be maintained, so that characteristics as a three-dimensionally structured net can be favorably maintained.

In particular, when the net (A) is used for the vegetation method of the slope B, the sloped connection portion 30 is stretched in the direction shown in FIG. The space between the surfaces B becomes like a pocket, and vegetation material, earth and sand, and the like can be favorably held.

By appropriately changing the number and positions of the courses for shifting the positions of the front and back knots 13, 23 on the front and back, the knots 13, 23
The shape can be arbitrarily set, for example, such that the front and rear sides are alternately positioned, or the front and rear sides are slightly displaced.

In the above three-dimensional structural net A,
Although the yarn constituting is not particularly limited, usually a synthetic fiber yarn having excellent water resistance is used, and a multifilament yarn or a monofilament yarn of various kinds of synthetic fibers such as a nylon yarn or a carbon fiber yarn is preferable. Used for Of course, natural fiber yarns can also be used. In addition, connecting thread 3
In the same manner as described above, synthetic fibers and natural fiber yarns are appropriately selected in consideration of elasticity, strength, etc., so as to be suitable for connecting the front and back substrates 1 and 2 in a three-dimensional manner. Monofilament yarn is preferably used from the viewpoint of structure retention.

These yarns can be given appropriate rigidity and compression resistance by heat setting or synthetic resin processing after knitting. Further, as the number of connecting yarns 3 connecting the front and back substrates 1 and 2 increases and the density increases, the pressure resistance and elastic force in the thickness direction increase. In the case of a homogeneous material such as nylon, the thicker the yarn, the stronger the waist.

The thickness and material of these yarns are determined in consideration of the strength, tension, elasticity, and the like required according to the application. For example,
14 to 9 with double Raschel machine as vegetation net
When knitting with a gauge (number of needles / inch), 100-2000 denier, preferably 200-600 denier yarn is used for the net-like base material, and 100-3000 denier yarn is preferably used as the connecting yarn, preferably 200-1000 denier yarn. Is preferably used.

However, if you want to knit economically, you can use a finer gauge, for example, 22-18 gauge, and use a finer thread than the above, and if you want to increase physical strength, use a 4.5-3 gauge, and use a thicker thread than the above. Can be used and strength can be increased.

Furthermore, the knitting machine gauge of the double Raschel machine for knitting the cord portions 11 and 21 of the front and back base materials 1 and 2, that is, the gauges of the front and rear needle hooks, needles and guides (the number of needles per inch) is at least twice or more. Different specifications (for example, 9 gauge before and 18 gauge after) can be set and knitted using yarns of different thicknesses on the front and back. This allows knitting by using a yarn having strength, hardness, and elasticity, for example, a thick monofilament yarn, which cannot be knitted by the same knitting gauge on the front and back sides, to the coarse gauge, thereby further increasing the strength of the substrate.

Further, as the yarns and connecting yarns constituting the front and back substrates 1, 2, corrosive fibers such as cotton, rayon, artificial silk yarns and other natural fibers, or enzyme-decomposable fibers decomposed by enzymes or microorganisms or fungi. Degradable chemical fibers such as biodegradable fibers that degrade, or yarns composed of blended fibers of these and synthetic fibers can also be used. in this case,
The three-dimensionally structured net corrodes and decomposes over time, and is suitably used as a vegetation net.

Further, for all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back bases 1 and 2, a highly water-absorbent resin fiber or a yarn of a blended fiber containing the fiber can be used, and the water retention can be further enhanced. .

Depending on the intended use of the three-dimensional structure net, use a thread that has been coated with superabsorbent resin by means of coating or dipping, or a thread that has attached or kneaded a metal such as fertilizer or iron, a chemical, or a fungus. Can also.

In addition, all or a part of the yarns and connecting yarns constituting the front and back bases 1 and 2 may be any one of a thermosetting fiber, a heat-shrinkable fiber, and a heat-meltable fiber, or a blended fiber containing the fiber or By using the yarn of the aligned fibers to reinforce the stitch structure by thermal processing after knitting, the shape of the net can be stabilized.

In addition, by using elastic yarns for all or a part of the yarns and connecting yarns constituting the bases 1 and 2 on the front and back, a net having a hollow three-dimensional structure having elasticity can be obtained. In this case, a fit that cannot be obtained with a net that does not use elastic yarn is obtained.

Further, in the above three-dimensional structural net, natural fibers,
Synthetic fibers, degradable chemical fibers, water-retaining fibers, carbon, glass or other fibers or cotton-like materials of these blended fibers,
Other materials, such as cushioning material, heat insulating material, and fertilizer, can be inserted into the net space at an arbitrary point, or bonded and held to the mesh material on the front and back surfaces by means of bonding, sewing, or the like. .

Further, in the three-dimensional structure net A, at least one of the front and back bases 1 and 2, for example, a portion of the base 2 on the back side where the mesh is small, so that ventilation and water permeability are not impaired.
A synthetic resin such as an acrylic resin can be appropriately adhered by dipping or laminating means. In this case, the stitch by warp knitting or the like is fixed and held to reinforce the base,
There is no fear of loosening or fraying of the mesh, and the structure becomes more stable. In addition, a water retention agent such as a superabsorbent resin can be applied or adhered by coating or dipping means. In this case, the water retention of the net is further improved.

In particular, vegetation materials including seeds, fertilizers, water retention agents, seed germination agents and the like can be adhered by application means or adhesion means. In this case, the vegetation method can be implemented only by stretching the net on the slope or the like.

Further, depending on the application, the above-mentioned three-dimensional structural net is stretched and held in a three-dimensional state, and woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper and other sheet-like materials, flat or three-dimensional structural net-like materials, or synthetic resin or metal It can be used as a composite structure by joining to a plate-like material by means such as suturing or laminating.

In the above-described three-dimensional structure net A, a pipe body such as a perforated pipe or a fiber net pipe, or a reinforcing rope or a string-like material such as cotton, non-woven fabric or sponge body is provided inside the connecting portion 30 extending over a plurality of wales. Can be inserted.

In particular, when used as a vegetation net, a belt-like bag holding a vegetation material containing a seed, a fertilizer, a water retention agent, a seed germination agent, and the like can be inserted. In addition, by inserting a band holding a medicine, it can be suitably used as a medical net.

In the three-dimensional structure net A, the connecting yarn 3 connecting the front and back substrates 1 and 2 is partially omitted, and the connecting portion 3 is omitted.
It is also possible to open a part of the side surface of 0 and pass the above-described pipe body or string-like object in a direction crossing the string section.

The thickness of the three-dimensionally structured net A of the present invention, the net space S
And the size of the connecting part 30 differs depending on its use, etc.
When used as a vegetation net, the net thickness should be 3 to 15
In general, those having a width of 0 mm, a width of the net space S of 10 to 500 mm, and a width of the cord-like portion of 0.5 to 200 mm are used.

The above-mentioned three-dimensional structural net A is used as a vegetation net used for a vegetation method for preservation of slopes and greening, as well as a net for collecting and draining lands, a safety net for construction, a protection net for construction, a mortar, It can be widely used in various fields such as synthetic materials, such as in the case of spraying plastics, reinforcing materials and structures, medical and sports nets, industrial materials such as mats and cushion cores and intermediate materials, and other various fields. it can. Above all, it can be suitably used particularly for the implementation of a vegetation method such as a slope.

In addition, while expanding this three-dimensional structural net and maintaining the three-dimensional state, bury a part of it in concrete,
Alternatively, it is also possible to embed a metal fitting or a device attached to a part of the net in concrete, and to stretch and use it on the surface of a concrete molded product.

The case where the vegetation method of the slope is carried out using the three-dimensionally structured net A will be described below.

First, the three-dimensionally structured net A is appropriately stretched and widened to make each connection part three-dimensional, and one side of the front and back sides is laid so as to be in contact with the slope, and fixed and anchored with an anchor pin or the like. For example, in the case of the three-dimensionally structured net A of FIG. 1, the base material 2 on the back side with a small mesh is laid so as to be in contact with the slope B as shown in FIG.

Thus, in a state where the net A is stretched, by means of spraying from above the net A, seeds, fertilizers, soil, water-retaining agents such as superabsorbent resin polymers, and vegetation materials such as soil improvement materials. By spraying seeds or a plurality of seeds according to the condition of the slope, the vegetation material C is transferred to the front side substrate 1
And enters the net space S defined by the connecting portion 30 through the mesh 11 of the present invention, and can reliably reach the slope B. Moreover, the vegetation material C is held in the net space S by the connecting portion 30 having a three-dimensional shape. At this time, since the string portion 21 having no connecting thread exists inside the connecting portion 30 that defines the net space S, the bending and deformation of the connecting portion 30 are regulated, and the three-dimensional state is maintained well. The vegetation material C can be reliably held.

In the case of the net A in FIGS. 5 and 6, the three-dimensional shape and the shape retention of the net space S are further improved, and the vegetation material C can be held with good stability.

As described above, the relatively large net space S defined by the connecting portion 30 connecting the front and back net-like bases 1 and 2 can efficiently and reliably hold the vegetation material C such as seeds, fertilizer, and soil. Further, the receiving action and the windproof action of the connecting portion 30 can prevent the outflow or scattering of the vegetation material C due to wind and rain. On the other hand, the string portion 21 of the small mesh base 2 existing inside the net space S can prevent collapse of the soil on the slope. In addition, the plants can settle on the slope in the portion of the net space S, and can grow and grow.

In particular, as in the illustrated embodiment, when the connecting portion 30 has a substantially hollow or three-dimensional shape having three-dimensional voids, rainwater during rainfall flows along the connecting portion 30 and the method If the surface of the surface is not excessively infiltrated and vegetation is sprayed with a relatively large amount of soil, even if the back side of the net (the side in contact with the slope) is buried, Good air permeability and water permeability can be ensured by the connecting portion 30. Therefore, vegetation such as slopes and greening can be ensured.

In addition, since each of the cord portions 11 and 21 of the front and back bases 1 and 2 are formed by a stitch row of one or a plurality of wales, they are stronger and easier than a case where they consist only of simple threads such as a woven net. There is no risk of cutting, and it can be used for a long time with good stability.

Further, when the three-dimensionally structured net A is laid and stretched on the slope B in the same manner as described above, a vegetation bag D or a fertilizer bag filled with the vegetation material as shown in FIG. Vegetation can also be accommodated and held in a vegetation. In addition to the vegetation bag and the like, one or more of the vegetation material solids, solid fertilizers, water retention materials, and the like can be held. In this case, in the case where the string portions 11 and 21 having no connecting thread of the front and back bases 1 and 2 are present as shown in the figure, the vegetation bag D and the like can be held without fear of falling off. it can. Moreover, since the net space S is present in the entire net, the vegetation bag or the fertilizer bag or the like can be held by adjusting the arrangement density according to the situation of the slope, and the uniform good vegetation can be obtained. Greening method can be implemented.

The vegetation bag is formed by filling a vegetation material such as a seed, a fertilizer, or a water retention agent or a soil improving material, if necessary, into a mesh-like bag or a corrosive fiber, a water-soluble or degradable fiber, or a paper bag. The fertilizer bag is a fertilizer bag containing at least one kind by appropriately selecting a fast-acting, slow-acting or slow-acting fertilizer.

When used as a vegetation net, a vegetation mat in which seeds, fertilizers, and the like are attached and held to a sheet material such as a nonwoven fabric made of corrosive fibers such as natural fibers or decomposable chemical fibers is used for a net-like base material having a small mesh. It can also be used by sticking to the side.

In the vegetation method described above, if the net A is made of corrosive fiber or decomposable chemical fiber, or a blended fiber of these and synthetic fiber, the net will surely hold the vegetation material in the initial stage of vegetation. After the plant has grown, the net is corroded or decomposed, so that the growth of the plant is not hindered and the removal operation is not required.

Further, by using the net constituted by the yarn of the superabsorbent fiber or the blended fiber thereof, the net itself has good water retention, and can be suitably used for implementing a greening method for a land with poor water retention such as a desert.

In the desert vegetation greening method, in addition to using the above-mentioned three-dimensional structural net using superabsorbent fibers, a water retention material in which a polymer of superabsorbent resin is held in a nonwoven fabric or a cotton-like material or packed in a bag is used as a net space. S or a suitable portion of the internal space of the connecting portion 30 having a three-dimensional space, or by holding a highly water-absorbing resin on the net itself by applying means, and holding the net on the surface of the desert ground Lay it near and use it. Thereby, sufficient water retention can be secured over the entire area of the net buried portion. Further, since the connecting portion 30 has a three-dimensional space, the water permeability of the entire net is improved, and the desert can be easily greened.

Further, the three-dimensionally structured net A of the present invention described above can also be used as a protective material for growing and protecting natural grass. As another application, the net space S can be used as a core material such as a mat by containing a cushion material in the mesh space S, or can be used as a heat insulating mat or a heat insulating material by containing a heat insulating material. Also used as a core material for foamed concrete by utilizing space retention, or as a core material for reinforcing concrete or synthetic resin plates or square materials by using high-tensile fibers such as aramid fiber or carbon fiber for the thread used. You can also.

[Industrial Applicability] As described above, according to the three-dimensional structural net of the present invention,
The function of a three-dimensional net by a relatively large mesh by the net space defined by the connecting portions connecting the front and back mesh bases, and the net of a mesh smaller than the net space by at least one of the front and back net bases In addition, the three-dimensional structure of the connecting portion connecting the front and back substrates has good and strong shape retention, and the three-dimensional structure can maintain good characteristics such as ventilation, water permeability, and space retention.
Also, depending on the type of yarn constituting the net, the knitting form, the combination with other materials utilizing a three-dimensional structure, etc., the net has a function not available in the conventional net.

Therefore, the three-dimensionally structured net of the present invention can be used particularly favorably as a vegetation net or a protection net used for a vegetation method such as a slope, by utilizing its properties, and furthermore, a net for collecting and draining water such as a ground or a development site. It can be widely used for various purposes, such as a water absorption net, a stable and protection net, a protection net for construction, a net for creating structures, a net for aquaculture and agriculture, and the like.

In the vegetation method of the present invention using the three-dimensionally structured net, since the connecting portion connecting the front and back substrates forms a three-dimensional shape to define the net space, the three-dimensional net mesh is formed. Vegetable materials such as soil, seeds, and fertilizer can be retained in the space, preventing the outflow and scattering of seeds and fertilizers and other vegetation materials due to wind and rain. The vegetation method for greening slopes can be easily implemented in combination with the effect of preventing landslides.

Claims (16)

(57) [Claims] 1. A three-dimensionally structured net formed by warp knitting and comprising a net-like base material on the front and back and a connecting yarn for connecting these base materials at a predetermined interval. Each of the string portions forming the mesh is constituted by one or a plurality of wale stitch rows,
The mesh of the front and back is formed so as to be larger than the mesh of the other base, and a connecting thread is hung over each of the cords of the one base and the corresponding cords of the other base to be connected. The connecting portion formed by the connecting yarns defines a net space corresponding to the large mesh, and a string portion having no connecting yarn on the other substrate has a plurality of small meshes inside the net space. A three-dimensionally structured net characterized by forming: 2. A three-dimensionally structured net formed by warp knitting and comprising a net-like base material on the front and back and a connecting yarn for connecting these bases at a predetermined interval. Each string portion forming a mesh is formed by a stitch row of one or a plurality of wales, and is connected by connecting yarns which are wrapped around the two fabrics at every other or a plurality of string portions of each of the two fabrics. The connecting portion formed by the connecting yarn defines a net space larger than the mesh of the front and back fabrics, and the string portion having no connecting yarn of the front and back fabric forms a plurality of small meshes inside the net space. A three-dimensional structural net characterized by being formed. 3. The three-dimensionally structured net according to claim 1, wherein the string portion on the front and back bases comprises a stitch row of one or more wool chain knitting yarns and insertion yarns oscillated into the chain knitting yarns. . 4. The string portion of the front and back fabrics comprises a stitch row of one or a plurality of wales continuous in the knitting direction, and each string portion alternates with the adjacent left and right string portions at required intervals in the knitting direction. And a zigzag shape formed by knots, and each is formed to form a polygonal mesh.
The three-dimensional structural net according to the item. 5. A string portion of a front and back substrate on which a connecting yarn is wound is formed of a stitch row of a plurality of wales, and a connecting portion formed by the connecting yarn has a width of a plurality of wales and is substantially hollow so as to allow ventilation and water flow. The three-dimensional structural net according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the three-dimensional structural net has a three-dimensional shape having three-dimensional voids. 6. A string-shaped portion of the front and back bases is knotted at different positions on the front and back sides, and connection portions defining a net space are alternately inclined left and right. The three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of items 5 to 5. 7. The knitting machine according to claim 1, wherein the front and back bases are knitted by using yarns having different thicknesses with a knitting machine gauge having a difference of two times or more between the front and back sides. Three-dimensional structural net. 8. The yarn and the connecting yarn constituting the front and back substrates are made of corrosive fiber or degradable chemical fiber such as natural fiber,
The three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a blended fiber containing the fiber. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back bases are made of a superabsorbent resin fiber or a blended fiber containing the fiber. Three-dimensional structural net. 10. All or a part of the yarns and connecting yarns constituting the front and back bases are any one of a thermosetting fiber, a heat shrinkable fiber and a heat fusible fiber, or a blended fiber containing the fiber. The three-dimensional structural net according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the net is made of a yarn of aligned fibers, and is heat-processed after knitting. 11. The three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein all or a part of the yarns and the connecting yarns constituting the front and back bases are knitted using elastic yarns. 12. The three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fibers are natural fibers, synthetic fibers, degradable chemical fibers, water-retaining fibers, carbon, glass or other fibers, or a blend of these fibers. A three-dimensionally structured net made by inserting other materials such as cotton-like material, cushioning material, heat insulating material, and fertilizer into the net space at an arbitrary point, or joining and holding the front and back substrates. 13. A three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is expanded and held in a three-dimensional state to form a woven fabric,
Non-woven fabric, paper or other sheet-like material, planar or three-dimensional net-like material, or three-dimensional structural net joined to a synthetic resin or metal plate-like material to form a composite structure. 14. A three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a fertilizer, a water retention agent, a seed germination agent, and the like are attached to the three-dimensionally structured net. 15. A three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the three-dimensionally structured net is expanded, held in a three-dimensional state, and stretched on a slope, etc. A vegetation method such as a slope, wherein a vegetation material including seeds is vegetated in a net space surrounded by a connection portion for connecting a base. 16. A three-dimensionally structured net according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the three-dimensionally structured net is expanded, held in a three-dimensional state, and stretched on a slope or the like. At least one kind of vegetation bag filled with vegetation material including seeds, solid vegetation material, fertilizer bag, solid fertilizer, water retention material, etc., in a net space at an arbitrary position surrounded by a connection part connecting the net-shaped base materials. A vegetation method such as a slope, wherein vegetation is arranged and held.