JP3706370B2 - Tannase-treated green tea extract - Google Patents

Tannase-treated green tea extract Download PDF

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JP3706370B2
JP3706370B2 JP2003122103A JP2003122103A JP3706370B2 JP 3706370 B2 JP3706370 B2 JP 3706370B2 JP 2003122103 A JP2003122103 A JP 2003122103A JP 2003122103 A JP2003122103 A JP 2003122103A JP 3706370 B2 JP3706370 B2 JP 3706370B2
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green tea
tea extract
weight
tannase
extract
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JP2004321105A (en
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雅美 清水
仁 高谷
義和 小倉
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はタンナーゼ処理によってガレート体率を制御し、かつ、pH調整を施した緑茶抽出物及びそれを用いた風味の改善された高濃度カテキン含有飲料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
茶カテキン類の効果としてはヒトの体脂肪蓄積抑制などの生理効果が報告されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。茶カテキン類におけるこのような生理効果を発現させるためには、茶葉からの抽出による一般的なお茶の飲用形態では成人一日あたり4〜5杯のお茶を飲むことが必要である。また抽出条件による組成の振れが大きく、確実なる成果が期待できない。したがって、より簡便かつ組成の一定な茶カテキン類を摂取するため、容器詰飲料にカテキン類を高濃度で配合する技術を用いる必要性が出てきた。この方法の一つとして、緑茶抽出物の濃縮物などを利用して、カテキン類を飲料に溶解状態で添加する方法が開発されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
しかしながら、非特許文献1に記載の確認されている生理効果の発現は、8種の非重合体カテキン類の混合物が、一定濃度以上の配合量で含まれる場合における結果である。従って、生理効果発現のためには、非重合体カテキン類濃度が高くても、良好な風味を維持できるような緑茶抽出物が望まれている。
【0004】
一方、これらに使用する緑茶抽出物を製造する場合、多種多様な緑茶葉に由来する緑茶抽出液を原料とする為に、苦渋味成分とされているガレート体率の高い原料を使用しなければならない場面も想定されていた。そこで、これらの原料を使いこなす方法の一つとして従来よりあったタンナーゼ処理による方法を導入することとした。
【0005】
一般的には、茶系飲料、特に紅茶系の飲料を低温保存した場合、ガレート体とカフェインがコンプレックスを形成してクリームダウンという現象が生じるが、このクリームダウンを防止する手段として茶抽出液のタンナーゼ処理が知られている(例えば、特許文献2、3、4)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−142677号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平9−172969号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平10−313784号公報
【特許文献4】
特開昭51−115999号公報
【非特許文献1】
Journal of Oleo Science Vol.50(2001),No.9 P717−728
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
苦渋味成分とされているガレート体率の高い原料を緑茶抽出物の原料として使用した場合でも、緑茶抽出物の配合した高濃度の非重合体カテキン類含有飲料における外観や風味が良好な飲料を得るという課題があった。
【0008】
そこで、ガレート体率の高い原料から得られた緑茶抽出液を、通常の方法でタンナーゼ処理し、pHを調節して飲料を調製したところ、ガレート体率が低い従来のタンナーゼ処理緑茶抽出物では、高濃度非重合体カテキン類含有飲料において異味や外観に変化が生じることが判明した。
従って、本発明の目的は、非重合体カテキン類中のガレート体率の高い緑茶抽出液から、高濃度非重合体カテキン類含有飲料においても風味や外観の優れた緑茶抽出物、及び、タンナーゼ処理を利用したその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、タンナーゼ処理を施した緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料の風味の変化を防止すべく、種々配合を検討した結果、タンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物の非重合体カテキン類量、ガレート体率及びpHを調整した緑茶抽出物を配合することにより、風味変化のない飲料が得られることを見出した。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、緑茶抽出液をタンナーゼ処理してなる緑茶抽出物であって、
(a)固形分中の非重合体カテキン類が20〜40重量%、
(b)非重合体カテキン類中のガレート体率が40〜60重量%であり、
(c)緑茶抽出物を溶解して、固形分濃度2.0重量%の時の水溶液のpHが4.5〜5.3であることを特徴とする緑茶抽出物を提供するものである。
【0011】
また、本発明は前記緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料であって、飲料中の非重合体カテキン類濃度が0.05〜0.5重量%である飲料を提供するものである。
さらにまた、本発明は、非重合体カテキン類を0.1〜1.5重量%含有する緑茶抽出液をタンナーゼ処理し、反応終点をpH=4.5〜5.3とし、タンナーゼを失活させることを特徴とする前記緑茶抽出物の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における非重合体カテキン類とは、カテキン、ガロカテキン、カテキンガレート、ガロカテキンガレートなどの非エピ体カテキン類及びエピカテキン、エピガロカテキン、エピカテキンガレート、エピガロカテキンガレートなどのエピ体カテキン類を8種あわせての総称である。
【0013】
本発明におけるガレート体率とは、カテキンガレートとガロカテキンガレートとエピカテキンガレートとエピガロカテキンガレート4種の重量和が8種からなる非重合体カテキン類の重量和に対する100分率の値である。
【0014】
本発明における固形分とは得られた緑茶抽出物から水分を除去した後の固形分を表す。本発明のタンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物における(a)固形分中の非重合体カテキン類は20〜40重量%であり、25〜35重量%が好ましい。20重量%未満では、緑茶抽出物中の非重合体カテキン類濃度が少なく、生理効果を発現させる為には飲料中に大量に配合しなければならず、また、40重量%を超えると、緑茶抽出物由来のキャリーオーバー成分による風味劣化を招き好ましくない。
【0015】
前記緑茶抽出物における(b)非重合体カテキン類中のガレート体率は、風味の点から40〜60重量%であり、さらに45〜60重量%が好ましい。ガレート体率が60重量%を超える場合、このような緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料組成物の風味は苦渋味が強くなる。一方、ガレート体率が40重量%未満では非重合体カテキン類の組成バランスが崩れ、タンナーゼ処理による異味を高濃度非重合体カテキン類含有飲料においては呈することになる。
【0016】
本発明のタンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物は、固形分濃度2.0重量%になるように溶解した時の水溶液の25℃におけるpHが4.5〜5.3、さらに4.9〜5.3であるのが好ましい。pHが4.5未満では茶抽出液に該緑茶抽出物を配合した際、pHを4.5〜6.0の範囲に調節したとしても高濃度非重合体カテキン類配合飲料においては、風味及び外観が悪くなり好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明の緑茶抽出物の原料である緑茶抽出液は、摘採された茶葉を蒸熱、熱水処理もしくは釜入り等の加熱処理によって茶葉内に含まれるポリフェノールオキシダーゼ酵素を失活させる従来の方法によって得られた緑茶葉を原料として得られるものである。緑茶抽出液の製造方法としては、緑茶葉から水もしくは有機溶媒あるいは、これらの混合溶液によって抽出する方法がある。
【0018】
本発明に使用する緑茶葉としては、Camellia属、例えばC. sinensis、C. assamica、やぶきた種、又はそれらの雑種から得られる茶葉から製茶された茶葉が挙げられる。当該製茶された茶葉には、煎茶、番茶、玉露、てん茶、釜炒り茶などの緑茶類がある。
【0019】
茶葉からのカテキン類の抽出は、茶葉に対して、10〜100倍量の水、好ましくは15〜30倍量の水を投入し、30℃〜100℃、好ましくは80℃〜98℃の温度にて、5分〜120分、好ましくは10分〜60分保持することにより行われる。抽出を実施する容器への茶葉、水の投入順序(茶葉を入れてから水野添加、水を入れてから茶葉の添加)、昇温方法(水を入れてから昇温、又は、予め昇温した水を投入)はどの方法も選択できる。また、抽出効率を高める等の目的で予め粉砕する場合もある。抽出を行う機器としては、茶葉と水の接触状態を保持できる形式のもので有れば、使用でき、良く用いられる形式としては、ニーダー、流動層等が挙げられる。抽出液と茶葉の分離は、濾過により行われる。バスケット状の網で茶葉をすくいあげるだけでも良いし、茶葉に同伴してロスする抽出液を最少化する目的で、湿り茶葉を圧搾する場合もある。
【0020】
用いられる緑茶抽出液は、非重合体カテキン類濃度が0.1〜1.5重量%、さらに0.1〜1.0重量%、特に0.5〜1.0重量%のものが好ましい。0.1重量%未満では目的とする緑茶抽出物を得るために濃縮工程が必要となる。また1.5重量%を超えると、タンナーゼ処理に長時間を要し、得られる緑茶抽出物の味が低下する。
【0021】
本発明で使用されるタンナーゼは、非重合体カテキン類を分解する活性を有するものであればよい。具体的には、アスペルギルス属、ペニシリウム属、リゾプス属などのタンナーゼ生産菌を培養して得られるタンナーゼが使用できる。このうち、アスペルギルス オリーゼ由来のものが特に好ましい。緑茶抽出液に粉末状又は溶液状のタンナーゼを、25Unit/l〜500Unit/l、好ましくは50Unit/L〜150Unit/lの濃度になるように添加する。かかるタンナーゼの添加量は、固形分1mgに換算すると、0.1Unit以上、好ましくは0.2Unit以上である。ここで1Unitは、30℃の水中においてタンニン酸に含まれるエステル結合を1マイクロモル加水分解する酵素量で定義される。その後、20℃〜50℃、望ましくは20℃〜40℃に40〜60重量%のガレート体率に達するまでの間保持する。
【0022】
その後、できるだけ速やかに45℃〜95℃、好ましくは75℃〜95℃まで昇温し、タンナーゼを失活させることにより反応を停止する。当該タンナーゼの失活処理により、その後のガレート体率の低下が防止でき、目的とするガレート体率の緑茶抽出物が得られる。
【0023】
本発明のタンナーゼ処理においては、得られる緑茶抽出物の非重合体カテキン類中のガレート体率は風味及び外観の面から40〜60重量%の範囲に制御される。すなわち、本発明で実施されるタンナーゼ処理は、従来の重合体カテキン類に含まれるすべてのガレート体を加水分解する処理方法とは異なり、タンナーゼ処理時のガレート体率の制御を厳密に行う必要がある。タンナーゼ処理によるガレート体率の制御は処理時の緑茶抽出液のpH挙動によって反応の終点を決定することが好ましい。当該pHは4.5〜5.3、特に4.9〜5.3が好ましい。これにより緑茶抽出液中のガレート体量を任意の範囲で維持するタンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物を得ることができる。また、タンナーゼ処理後のタンナーゼ失活処理により、その後のガレート体率の低下が防止できる。
【0024】
酵素反応後あるいは酵素反応前に抽出液中に残留する微粉を除去する為に、抽出液を遠心分離するのが好ましい。遠心分離機の形式は、微粉を除去するのに十分な遠心力を持つものが使用できる。工業的には、大量処理に適した連続供給式のものが用いられる。
【0025】
次いで、次工程での乾燥にかかる負荷を低減する目的で、抽出液の濃縮が行われる。濃縮の方法としては、加熱により水を蒸発分離する方式が一般的である。この場合、大気圧で蒸発させるには抽出液の沸点(100℃近傍)まで、加熱する必要があり製品の風味に悪影響が出る恐れがある。そこで、抽出液が入った容器を減圧することにより低温で沸騰する環境をつくるのが好ましい。また、必要とする成分が濾過されずに残留する口径を持つ膜を流通させることにより、濃縮する方法も用いられる。
【0026】
必要に応じて、濃縮液の水分を0〜10重量%、好ましくは2〜5重量%まで減少させ、粉末状とするための乾燥を実施する。乾燥法としては、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥等が選択できる。噴霧乾燥は、大量の濃縮液を短時間で処理し、製品単位重量あたりに使用するエネルギーも他の方法に比べて少ないため、最も良く用いられる。
【0027】
前記濃縮液及び粉末の場合も含めて、本発明緑茶抽出物の水分量は2〜96重量%、さらに2〜94重量%、特に2〜93重量%であるのが、風味保持のため、好ましい。
【0028】
本発明の飲料は、前記のタンナーゼ処理を施した緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料であり、当該緑茶抽出物の配合対象としては不発酵茶である緑茶、半発酵茶及び発酵茶から選ばれた茶の抽出液;及び非茶系飲料が挙げられる。このうち、茶の抽出液に前記緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料が好ましく、不発酵茶、半発酵茶や発酵茶から得られた茶抽出液への配合が特に好ましい。半発酵茶としては例えば烏龍茶が挙げられ、発酵茶としては例えば紅茶が挙げられる。また非茶系飲料としては例えばソフトドリンクである炭酸飲料、果実エキス入り飲料、野菜エキス入りジュース、ニアウォーター、スポーツ飲料、ダイエット飲料などが挙げられる。
【0029】
本発明の飲料中には、非重合体であって水に溶解状態にある(A)非重合体カテキン類を、0.05〜0.5重量%含有するが、好ましくは0.07〜0.5重量%、より好ましくは0.092〜0.4重量%、さらに好ましくは0.11〜0.3重量%、特に好ましくは0.12〜0.3重量%含有する。非重合体カテキン類含量がこの範囲にあると、多量の非重合体カテキン類を容易に取り易く、強烈な苦味、渋味、強い収斂性が生じない。非重合体カテキン類の濃度は、当該緑茶抽出物の配合量によって調整することができる。
【0030】
本発明の飲料は、苦味抑制剤を配合すると飲用しやすくなり好ましい。用いる苦味抑制剤は特に限定はないが、サイクロデキストリンが好ましい。サイクロデキストリンとしては、α−、β−、γ−サイクロデキストリン及び分岐α−、β−、γ−サイクロデキストリンが使用できる。サイクロデキストリンは飲料中に0.01〜0.5重量%、好ましくは0.01〜0.3重量%含有するのがよい。
【0031】
飲料のpHは、不発酵茶である緑茶や烏龍茶などの抽出液を使用し、甘味料を配合することのない飲料については、25℃で4.5〜7.0、好ましくは、4.5〜6.5とするのが自然の風味を維持するという立場から好ましい。
【0032】
本発明の飲料には、茶由来の成分にあわせて、処方上添加して良い成分として、酸化防止剤、香料、各種エステル類、有機酸類、有機酸塩類、無機酸類、無機酸塩類、無機塩類、色素類、乳化剤、保存料、調味料、甘味料、酸味料、果汁エキス類、野菜エキス類、花蜜エキス類、pH調整剤、品質安定剤などの添加剤を単独、あるいは併用して配合しても良い。
【0033】
例えば甘味料としては、砂糖、ぶどう糖、果糖、異性化液糖、グリチルリチン、ステビア、アスパラテーム、フラクトオリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖などが挙げられる。酸味料としては、天然成分から抽出した果汁類のほか、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、フマル酸、リン酸が挙げられる。飲料中に0.01〜0.5重量%、好ましくは0.01〜0.3重量%含有するのがよい。
無機酸類、無機酸塩類としてはリン酸、リン酸二ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウムなどが挙げられる。飲料中に0.01〜0.5重量%、好ましくは0.01〜0.3重量%含有するのがよい。
【0034】
本発明の飲料は以下に示す容器に充填することによって容器詰飲料とすることができる。使用できる容器としては、一般の飲料と同様にポリエチレンテレフタレートを主成分とする成形容器(いわゆるPETボトル)、金属缶、金属箔やプラスチックフィルムと複合された紙容器、瓶などの通常の形態で提供することができる。ここでいう容器詰飲料とは希釈せずに飲用できるものをいう。
【0035】
ここでいう容器詰飲料は、例えば、金属缶のように容器に充填後、加熱殺菌できる場合にあっては食品衛生法に定められた殺菌条件で製造される。PETボトル、紙容器のようにレトルト殺菌できないものについては、あらかじめ上記と同等の殺菌条件、例えばプレート式熱交換器などで高温短時間殺菌後、一定の温度迄冷却して容器に充填する等の方法が採用される。また無菌下で、充填された容器に別の成分を配合して充填してもよい。
【0036】
【実施例】
実施例1
(1)緑茶葉(インド産、商品名IND-GT-1)3840gと緑茶葉(スリランカ産、商品名SLGT-4)2160gに84℃の熱水90kgを添加し、60分間抽出したのち、2号濾紙による濾過を行い、「緑茶抽出液」66kg(pH5.4)を得た。(緑茶抽出液の非重合体カテキン類濃度= 0.85重量%、緑茶抽出液のガレート体率=64.4重量%)
この緑茶抽出液を温度30℃に設定し、タンナーゼ(キッコーマン社製タンナーゼKTFH)を緑茶抽出液に対して250ppmとなる濃度で添加し、90分間保持し、ガレート体率51.5重量%になったところで、90℃に溶液を加熱して、酵素を失活させ、反応を止めた(pH4.9)。この反応液を逆浸透膜(日東電工製NTR−759HR)を用いてBrix濃度25まで濃縮処理を行い、液体の「タンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物の濃縮物」7.5kgを得た。得られた緑茶抽出物は非重合体カテキン類含有量6.9重量%、ガレート体率52.5重量%、固形分濃度2重量%に溶解した水溶液のpH=5.1であった。
(2)また、得られた濃縮液4.5kgを噴霧乾燥して粉末状の「タンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物」400gを得た。得られた緑茶抽出物は非重合体カテキン類含有量33.2重量%、ガレート体率52.4重量%、固形分濃度2重量%に溶解した時の水溶液のpH=5.0であった。
【0037】
比較例1
(1)実施例1と同様の方法で「緑茶抽出液」66kg(pH5.4)を得た。(緑茶抽出液の非重合体カテキン類濃度= 0.85重量%、緑茶抽出液のガレート体率=64.4重量%)
この緑茶抽出液を温度30℃に設定し、タンナーゼ(キッコーマン社製タンナーゼKTFH)を緑茶抽出液に対して300ppmとなる濃度で添加し、15時間保持し、ガレート体率2.6重量%になったところで、90℃に溶液を加熱して、酵素を失活させ、反応を止めた(pH4.4)。この反応液を逆浸透膜(日東電工製NTR−7410)を用いてBrix濃度20まで濃縮処理を行い、液体の「タンナーゼ処理した緑茶抽出物の濃縮物」7kgを得た。得られた緑茶抽出物は非重合体カテキン類含有量3.1重量%、ガレート体率3.0重量%、固形分濃度2重量%に溶解した水溶液のpH=4.4であった。
(2)また、前述の濃縮液4kgを噴霧乾燥して粉末状の「ガレート処理した緑茶抽出物」400gを得た。得られた緑茶抽出物は非重合体カテキン類含有量26.4重量%、ガレート体率3.0重量%、固形分濃度2重量%に溶解した時の水溶液のpH=4.4であった。
【0038】
実施例2〜4及び比較例2〜4
実施例1及び比較例1で得た粉末を、350mLペットボトルに充填し、イオン交換水で表1の非重合体カテキン濃度になるように希釈し、実施例2〜4及び比較例2〜4の飲料を得た。実施例、比較例すべての飲料のpHは4.5〜5.8の範囲に入るように調整された。
得られた飲料を用いて、3人のパネラーによって外観及び風味を評価した。その結果、表1に示すように、非重合体カテキン濃度を十分な生理効果の得られる0.05重量%以上にすると、比較例のものは外観及び風味のいずれも悪かった。これに対し、実施例のものは、非重合体カテキン類濃度を0.05重量%以上にしても外観及び風味ともに良好であった。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0003706370
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、タンナーゼ処理によって、生理効果を発揮するのに必要なガレート体率を有し、かつ非重合体カテキン濃度の高い飲料に用いても風味の良好な緑茶抽出物が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a green tea extract in which the percentage of gallate body is controlled by tannase treatment and the pH is adjusted, and a beverage containing a high concentration catechin using the same and improved in flavor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Physiological effects such as suppression of human body fat accumulation have been reported as the effects of tea catechins (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example). In order to express such physiological effects in tea catechins, it is necessary to drink 4 to 5 cups of tea per day in a general tea drinking form by extraction from tea leaves. In addition, composition fluctuations due to extraction conditions are large, and reliable results cannot be expected. Therefore, in order to ingest tea catechins that are simpler and have a constant composition, it has become necessary to use a technique for blending catechins in a packaged beverage at a high concentration. As one of the methods, a method of adding catechins to a beverage in a dissolved state using a concentrate of green tea extract or the like has been developed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
However, the manifestation of the confirmed physiological effect described in Non-Patent Document 1 is a result when a mixture of eight kinds of non-polymer catechins is contained in a blending amount of a certain concentration or more. Therefore, a green tea extract that can maintain a good flavor even when the concentration of non-polymer catechins is high is desired for the expression of physiological effects.
[0004]
On the other hand, when manufacturing the green tea extract used for these, in order to use the green tea extract derived from a wide variety of green tea leaves as a raw material, it is necessary to use a raw material with a high gallate body rate that is regarded as a bitter taste ingredient. There was a scenario that would not be possible. Therefore, a conventional tannase treatment method was introduced as one of the methods for using these raw materials.
[0005]
In general, when tea-based beverages, especially tea-based beverages, are stored at low temperatures, the gallate body and caffeine form a complex, resulting in a cream-down phenomenon. As a means to prevent this cream-down, tea extract Is known (for example, Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-142677 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-172969 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-10-313784 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-115999 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Journal of Oleo Science Vol.50 (2001), No.9 P717-728
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Even when a raw material with a high percentage of gallate body, which is considered a bitter and astringent taste component, is used as a raw material for green tea extract, a beverage with a good appearance and flavor in a high concentration non-polymer catechin-containing beverage blended with green tea extract There was a problem of getting.
[0008]
Therefore, a green tea extract obtained from a raw material having a high gallate body rate was tannase treated by a conventional method, and a beverage was prepared by adjusting the pH. With a conventional tannase-treated green tea extract having a low gallate body rate, It was found that the taste and appearance of the beverage containing high concentration non-polymer catechins changed.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to extract a green tea extract having a high gallate content in non-polymer catechins, a green tea extract having excellent flavor and appearance even in a beverage containing a high concentration of non-polymer catechins, and a tannase treatment It is in providing the manufacturing method using this.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has studied various blending in order to prevent a change in the flavor of a beverage blended with a tannase-treated green tea extract. As a result, the amount of non-polymer catechins and gallate body ratio of the tannase-treated green tea extract And it discovered that a drink without a flavor change was obtained by mix | blending the green tea extract which adjusted pH.
[0010]
That is, the present invention is a green tea extract obtained by tannase treatment of a green tea extract,
(A) 20-40% by weight of non-polymer catechins in the solid content,
(B) The gallate content in the non-polymer catechins is 40 to 60% by weight,
(C) Dissolving the green tea extract to provide a green tea extract having a pH of 4.5 to 5.3 when the solid content concentration is 2.0% by weight.
[0011]
Moreover, this invention is a drink which mix | blended the said green tea extract, Comprising: The drink whose non-polymer catechin density | concentration in a drink is 0.05 to 0.5 weight% is provided.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a tannase treatment of a green tea extract containing 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of non-polymer catechins, the reaction end point is set to pH = 4.5 to 5.3, and tannase is deactivated. And providing a method for producing the green tea extract.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Non-polymer catechins in the present invention are non-epimeric catechins such as catechin, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and epi-catechins such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, etc. Is a collective term for eight types.
[0013]
The gallate body ratio in the present invention is a value of 100 fractions with respect to the sum of the weight of non-polymer catechins consisting of 8 kinds of catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. .
[0014]
The solid content in the present invention represents the solid content after removing water from the obtained green tea extract. In the tannase-treated green tea extract of the present invention, (a) the non-polymer catechins in the solid content is 20 to 40% by weight, preferably 25 to 35% by weight. If it is less than 20% by weight, the concentration of non-polymer catechins in the green tea extract is small, and in order to express physiological effects, it must be mixed in a large amount in the beverage. The flavor deterioration due to the carry-over component derived from the extract is caused, which is not preferable.
[0015]
The percentage of gallate body in (b) non-polymer catechins in the green tea extract is 40 to 60% by weight, more preferably 45 to 60% by weight from the viewpoint of flavor. When the gallate body ratio exceeds 60% by weight, the taste of the beverage composition containing such a green tea extract becomes stronger in bitterness. On the other hand, if the gallate body ratio is less than 40% by weight, the composition balance of the non-polymer catechins is lost, and the taste by the tannase treatment is exhibited in the high-concentration non-polymer catechins-containing beverage.
[0016]
In the tannase-treated green tea extract of the present invention, the pH at 25 ° C. of the aqueous solution when dissolved so as to have a solid content concentration of 2.0% by weight is 4.5 to 5.3, and further 4.9 to 5.3. Is preferred. When the pH is less than 4.5, when the green tea extract is blended with the tea extract, even if the pH is adjusted to the range of 4.5 to 6.0, in the high-concentration non-polymer catechin blended beverage, The appearance deteriorates and is not preferable.
[0017]
The green tea extract, which is the raw material of the green tea extract of the present invention, is obtained by a conventional method of inactivating the polyphenol oxidase enzyme contained in the tea leaves by heat treatment such as steaming, hot water treatment or kettle in the picked tea leaves. The green tea leaves obtained are used as raw materials. As a method for producing a green tea extract, there is a method of extracting from green tea leaves with water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solution thereof.
[0018]
Examples of the green tea leaves used in the present invention include tea leaves made from tea leaves obtained from the genus Camellia, such as C. sinensis, C. assamica, Yabutaki species, or hybrids thereof. The tea leaves produced include green teas such as sencha, bancha, gyokuro, tencha, and kettle roasted tea.
[0019]
The extraction of catechins from tea leaves is carried out by adding 10 to 100 times the amount of water, preferably 15 to 30 times the amount of water, to a temperature of 30 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably 80 ° C to 98 ° C. At 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 60 minutes. Order of tea leaves and water into the container for extraction (addition of Mizuno after adding tea leaves, addition of tea leaves after adding water), temperature increase method (temperature increase after adding water, or temperature increase in advance) Any method can be selected. Moreover, it may grind | pulverize previously for the purpose of improving extraction efficiency. As an apparatus for performing extraction, any apparatus that can maintain the contact state between tea leaves and water can be used. Examples of frequently used apparatuses include a kneader and a fluidized bed. Separation of the extract from the tea leaves is performed by filtration. The tea leaves may be simply picked up with a basket-shaped net, or the wet tea leaves may be squeezed for the purpose of minimizing the extract that is lost along with the tea leaves.
[0020]
The green tea extract to be used preferably has a non-polymer catechin concentration of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, particularly 0.5 to 1.0% by weight. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, a concentration step is required to obtain the desired green tea extract. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.5% by weight, it takes a long time for the tannase treatment, and the taste of the resulting green tea extract is lowered.
[0021]
The tannase used in the present invention only needs to have an activity of degrading non-polymer catechins. Specifically, tannase obtained by culturing tannase-producing bacteria such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus and the like can be used. Of these, those derived from Aspergillus oryzae are particularly preferred. Powdered or solution tannase is added to the green tea extract so as to have a concentration of 25 Unit / l to 500 Unit / l, preferably 50 Unit / L to 150 Unit / l. The amount of tannase added is 0.1 Unit or more, preferably 0.2 Unit or more when converted to a solid content of 1 mg. Here, 1 Unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1 micromole of an ester bond contained in tannic acid in 30 ° C. water. Thereafter, the temperature is maintained at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C., preferably 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. until a gallate body ratio of 40 to 60% by weight is reached.
[0022]
Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 45 ° C. to 95 ° C., preferably 75 ° C. to 95 ° C. as soon as possible, and the reaction is stopped by deactivating tannase. By the deactivation treatment of the tannase, the subsequent decrease in the gallate body ratio can be prevented, and a green tea extract having the desired gallate body ratio can be obtained.
[0023]
In the tannase treatment of the present invention, the percentage of gallate body in the non-polymer catechins of the green tea extract obtained is controlled in the range of 40 to 60% by weight from the aspect of flavor and appearance. That is, the tannase treatment carried out in the present invention, unlike the conventional treatment method for hydrolyzing all gallate bodies contained in polymer catechins, requires strict control of the gallate body ratio during tannase treatment. is there. The control of the gallate body rate by tannase treatment preferably determines the end point of the reaction based on the pH behavior of the green tea extract during the treatment. The pH is preferably 4.5 to 5.3, particularly 4.9 to 5.3. As a result, a tannase-treated green tea extract that maintains the amount of gallate body in the green tea extract in an arbitrary range can be obtained. Moreover, the fall of the gallate body rate after that can be prevented by the tannase deactivation process after a tannase process.
[0024]
In order to remove fine powder remaining in the extract after the enzyme reaction or before the enzyme reaction, the extract is preferably centrifuged. A centrifugal separator having sufficient centrifugal force to remove fine powder can be used. Industrially, a continuous supply type suitable for mass processing is used.
[0025]
Next, the extract is concentrated for the purpose of reducing the load on drying in the next step. As a concentration method, a method of evaporating and separating water by heating is common. In this case, in order to evaporate at atmospheric pressure, it is necessary to heat to the boiling point (near 100 ° C.) of the extract, which may adversely affect the flavor of the product. Therefore, it is preferable to create an environment that boils at a low temperature by decompressing the container containing the extract. Moreover, the method of concentrating by distribute | circulating the film | membrane with the aperture | diameter which remains without the required component being filtered is also used.
[0026]
If necessary, the water content of the concentrate is reduced to 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight, and drying is performed to obtain a powder. As the drying method, freeze drying, spray drying, or the like can be selected. Spray drying is most often used because it processes a large amount of concentrated liquid in a short time and uses less energy per unit weight of the product than other methods.
[0027]
The water content of the green tea extract of the present invention including the concentrated liquid and powder is preferably 2 to 96% by weight, more preferably 2 to 94% by weight, and particularly preferably 2 to 93% by weight for maintaining the flavor. .
[0028]
The beverage of the present invention is a beverage containing the green tea extract subjected to the tannase treatment, and the green tea extract is blended with green tea, semi-fermented tea and fermented tea selected from non-fermented tea And non-tea-based beverages. Among these, the drink which mix | blended the said green tea extract with the tea extract is preferable, and the mixing | blending to the tea extract obtained from unfermented tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea is especially preferable. Examples of the semi-fermented tea include oolong tea, and examples of the fermented tea include black tea. Examples of non-tea beverages include soft drinks such as carbonated drinks, fruit extract drinks, vegetable extract juices, near water, sports drinks, and diet drinks.
[0029]
The beverage of the present invention contains 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of (A) non-polymer catechins which are non-polymer and dissolved in water, preferably 0.07 to 0. 0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.092 to 0.4% by weight, still more preferably 0.11 to 0.3% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.12 to 0.3% by weight. When the content of non-polymer catechins is within this range, a large amount of non-polymer catechins can be easily taken, and intense bitterness, astringency and strong astringency do not occur. The concentration of the non-polymer catechins can be adjusted by the blending amount of the green tea extract.
[0030]
The beverage of the present invention is preferably mixed with a bitterness inhibitor because it becomes easy to drink. The bitterness inhibitor to be used is not particularly limited, but cyclodextrin is preferable. As the cyclodextrin, α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin and branched α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin can be used. The cyclodextrin is contained in the beverage in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by weight.
[0031]
The pH of the beverage is 4.5 to 7.0 at 25 ° C., preferably 4.5 for beverages that use an unfermented tea such as green tea or oolong tea and do not contain sweeteners. It is preferable to set to -6.5 from the standpoint of maintaining a natural flavor.
[0032]
In the beverage of the present invention, antioxidants, fragrances, various esters, organic acids, organic acid salts, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, inorganic salts, which may be added in accordance with the ingredients derived from tea. , Pigments, emulsifiers, preservatives, seasonings, sweeteners, acidulants, fruit juice extracts, vegetable extracts, nectar extracts, pH adjusters, quality stabilizers, etc., alone or in combination May be.
[0033]
Examples of sweeteners include sugar, glucose, fructose, isomerized liquid sugar, glycyrrhizin, stevia, aspartame, fructooligosaccharide, and galactooligosaccharide. Examples of acidulants include fruit juices extracted from natural ingredients, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and phosphoric acid. The beverage should contain 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by weight.
Examples of inorganic acids and inorganic acid salts include phosphoric acid, disodium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, and sodium polyphosphate. The beverage should contain 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by weight.
[0034]
The beverage of the present invention can be made into a container-packed beverage by filling the following container. The containers that can be used are provided in the usual form such as molded containers (so-called PET bottles) containing polyethylene terephthalate as the main component, metal cans, paper containers combined with metal foil and plastic films, and bottles, just like ordinary beverages. can do. The term “packaged beverage” as used herein means a beverage that can be drunk without dilution.
[0035]
The container-packed beverage here is produced under the sterilization conditions defined in the Food Sanitation Law if it can be sterilized by heating after filling the container like a metal can. For PET bottles and paper containers that cannot be sterilized by retort, sterilize under the same conditions as above, for example, after sterilizing at high temperature and short time with a plate heat exchanger, etc. The method is adopted. Moreover, you may mix | blend another component with the filled container under aseptic conditions.
[0036]
【Example】
Example 1
(1) Add 90 kg of hot water at 84 ° C to 3840 g of green tea leaves (Indian, trade name IND-GT-1) and 2160 g of green tea leaves (Sri Lanka, trade name SLGT-4), extract for 60 minutes, No. filter paper was filtered to obtain 66 kg (pH 5.4) of “green tea extract”. (Non-polymer catechin concentration of green tea extract = 0.85 wt%, gallate body ratio of green tea extract = 64.4 wt%)
This green tea extract was set at a temperature of 30 ° C., tannase (Kikkoman Tannase KTFH) was added at a concentration of 250 ppm with respect to the green tea extract and held for 90 minutes, resulting in a gallate body ratio of 51.5% by weight. The solution was heated to 90 ° C. to deactivate the enzyme and stop the reaction (pH 4.9). The reaction solution was concentrated to a Brix concentration of 25 using a reverse osmosis membrane (NTR-759HR manufactured by Nitto Denko) to obtain 7.5 kg of a liquid “concentrate of tannase-treated green tea extract”. The obtained green tea extract had a non-polymer catechin content of 6.9% by weight, a gallate content of 52.5% by weight, and a pH of an aqueous solution dissolved in a solid content concentration of 2% by weight = 5.1.
(2) Further, 4.5 kg of the obtained concentrated liquid was spray-dried to obtain 400 g of a powdered “tannase-treated green tea extract”. The resulting green tea extract had a non-polymer catechin content of 33.2% by weight, a gallate content of 52.4% by weight, and a pH of the aqueous solution when dissolved in a solid content concentration of 2% by weight = 5.0. .
[0037]
Comparative Example 1
(1) In the same manner as in Example 1, 66 kg (pH 5.4) of “green tea extract” was obtained. (Non-polymer catechin concentration of green tea extract = 0.85 wt%, gallate body ratio of green tea extract = 64.4 wt%)
This green tea extract was set to a temperature of 30 ° C., tannase (Kikkoman Tannase KTFH) was added at a concentration of 300 ppm with respect to the green tea extract, held for 15 hours, and the gallate body fraction was 2.6% by weight. The solution was heated to 90 ° C. to deactivate the enzyme and stop the reaction (pH 4.4). The reaction solution was concentrated to a Brix concentration of 20 using a reverse osmosis membrane (NTR-7410 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) to obtain 7 kg of a liquid “concentrate of tannase-treated green tea extract”. The obtained green tea extract had a non-polymer catechin content of 3.1% by weight, a gallate content of 3.0% by weight, and a pH of an aqueous solution dissolved in a solid content concentration of 2% by weight = 4.4.
(2) Further, 4 kg of the concentrated liquid was spray-dried to obtain 400 g of a powdered “gallate-treated green tea extract”. The obtained green tea extract had a non-polymer catechin content of 26.4% by weight, a gallate content of 3.0% by weight, and a pH of the aqueous solution when dissolved in a solid content concentration of 2% by weight = 4.4. .
[0038]
Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4
The powders obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were filled into 350 mL PET bottles and diluted with ion-exchanged water so that the non-polymer catechin concentrations shown in Table 1 were obtained. Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 Got a drink. The pH of all beverages of Examples and Comparative Examples was adjusted to fall within the range of 4.5 to 5.8.
Using the obtained beverage, the appearance and flavor were evaluated by three panelists. As a result, as shown in Table 1, when the non-polymer catechin concentration was set to 0.05% by weight or more at which a sufficient physiological effect was obtained, both the appearance and flavor of the comparative example were bad. On the other hand, in the examples, even when the concentration of non-polymer catechins was 0.05% by weight or more, both appearance and flavor were good.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003706370
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a green tea extract having a gallate body ratio necessary for exerting a physiological effect and having a good non-polymer catechin concentration can be obtained by tannase treatment.

Claims (7)

緑茶抽出液をタンナーゼ処理してなる緑茶抽出物であって、
(a)固形分中の非重合体カテキン類が20〜40重量%、
(b)非重合体カテキン類中のガレート体率が40〜60重量%であり、
(c)緑茶抽出物を溶解して、固形分濃度2.0重量%の時の水溶液のpHが4.5〜5.3
であることを特徴とする緑茶抽出物。
A green tea extract obtained by tannase-treating a green tea extract,
(A) 20-40% by weight of non-polymer catechins in the solid content,
(B) The gallate content in the non-polymer catechins is 40 to 60% by weight,
(C) The green tea extract is dissolved, and the pH of the aqueous solution when the solid content concentration is 2.0% by weight is 4.5 to 5.3.
A green tea extract characterized by being.
緑茶抽出液をタンナーゼ処理後タンナーゼを失活させて得られる緑茶抽出物である請求項1記載の緑茶抽出物。The green tea extract according to claim 1, which is a green tea extract obtained by inactivating tannase after treating the green tea extract with tannase. 水分量が2〜96重量%である請求項1又は2記載の緑茶抽出物。The green tea extract according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water content is 2 to 96% by weight. 緑茶抽出液中のガレート体率が61〜80重量%である請求項1乃至3記載の緑茶抽出物。The green tea extract according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the percentage of gallate body in the green tea extract is 61 to 80% by weight. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の緑茶抽出物を配合した飲料であって、飲料中の非重合体カテキン類濃度が0.05〜0.5重量%である飲料。It is a drink which mix | blended the green tea extract of any one of Claims 1-3, Comprising: The drink whose non-polymer catechin density | concentration in a drink is 0.05 to 0.5 weight%. 不発酵茶、半発酵茶又は発酵茶から選ばれた茶の抽出液に、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の緑茶抽出物を配合したものである請求項4記載の飲料。The beverage according to claim 4, wherein the green tea extract according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is blended with an extract of tea selected from unfermented tea, semi-fermented tea or fermented tea. 非重合体カテキン類を0.1〜1.5重量%含有する緑茶抽出液をタンナーゼ処理し、反応終点をpH=4.5〜5.3とし、タンナーゼを失活させることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の緑茶抽出物の製造方法。A green tea extract containing 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of non-polymer catechins is subjected to tannase treatment, the reaction end point is set to pH = 4.5 to 5.3, and tannase is inactivated. The manufacturing method of the green tea extract of any one of claim | item 1-3.
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