JP3696303B2 - Expansion shield drilling rig - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an expansion shield excavation apparatus, and more particularly, to an expansion shield excavation apparatus suitable for crushing an existing tunnel lining having a non-circular cross section such as a horseshoe cross section to form a new large diameter tunnel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to expand an existing tunnel and dig a large diameter tunnel, the lining composed of segments and fume pipes is crushed and then a new large diameter tunnel is excavated. A large diameter lining must be applied to the inner wall.
[0003]
In recent years, various devices have been developed that can simultaneously proceed with the two operations of crushing the lining and excavating an enlarged tunnel. For example, what is described in JP-A-6-288175 is a cylindrical body. The tunnel wall surface is reinforced by the segment while proceeding in the ground while rotating. Then, the lining of the existing circular tunnel to be crushed is positioned at the center of the shield body, and the lining is crushed by a roller cutter provided so as to sandwich the lining from the inside and the outside. Further, the crushed waste is transferred backward by a conveyor. By adopting such a configuration, there is an advantage that the crushing of the lining of the existing tunnel and the construction of a new tunnel having an enlarged inner diameter can be simultaneously performed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional one, since two sets of crushing cutters are fixed to the inside and the outside of the existing tunnel, it is necessary to correspond to other than a specific lining having a preset inner diameter and outer diameter. Is difficult. Moreover, when the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel is a non-circular cross section such as a horseshoe diameter, it is difficult to use, and there is a problem that versatility is poor. Furthermore, since the roller cutter is clamped from the inside and outside of the lining as described above, the structure becomes complicated, the shield becomes expensive, and there is no guarantee that the crushing is reliably performed.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the conventional method and apparatus, and a first problem is to provide an expansion shield excavation apparatus that can be widely applied regardless of the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the lining to be crushed. And
[0006]
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an enlarged shield excavator capable of crushing the lining and reliably excavating the enlarged tunnel. A third object is to provide an inexpensive expansion shield excavator by simplifying the configuration.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The expansion shield excavator according to the present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
(Summary of the Invention) That is, in an expanded shield excavator for crushing a lining of an existing tunnel and excavating a large-diameter tunnel, the crushing can be extended forward and opposed to the end face of the lining (17) of the existing tunnel (22) A front crushing cutter table (6) on which a cutter (19) is disposed, and a peripheral excavation cutter table (6) extending from the front crushing cutter table (6) toward the inner surface (32) of the tunnel to be excavated ( 7a, 7b ), the front crushing cutter table (6) and the outer excavation cutter table ( 7a, 7b ) are both attached to a swivel table (8), and the swivel table (8) is a driving means ( 11), (23) and (24), and the outer excavation cutter table ( 7a, 7b ) includes an outer excavation cutter (21) facing the inner surface of the tunnel. Peripheral drilling Cutter (21) is characterized in that the tunnel front side is inclined so as to approach the center of the tunnel, and the outer peripheral drilling cutter (21) is movable in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
[0008]
[ Front Crushing Cutter Table ] In the present invention, the front crushing cutter table is rotatable, has a large number of cutters attached to the tip, and is extensible toward the end surface of the lining. For example, a jack is preferably used to expand and contract the cutter base. There are various types of jacks such as a hydraulic jack, a pneumatic jack, a screw jack, a rack drive jack, etc. Among them, the hydraulic jack is preferable because a large force can be obtained.
[0009]
[Outer excavation cutter table] In the present invention, the outer excavation cutter table is fixed to the front crushing cutter table , and both of them can be rotated at the same time. The outer excavation cutter table is directed toward the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel. In order to be able to expand and contract, it is preferable to use a jack, for example. Various jacks such as a hydraulic jack, a pneumatic jack, a screw jack, and a rack drive jack can be used as the jack. Among these, the hydraulic jack is preferable because a large force can be obtained.
[0010]
[Cutter] In the present invention, a cutter having the most suitable shape and material can be selected and used in accordance with the soil quality of the ground and the lining material. Among them, a plate type, a teeth type, a roller bit type and the like can be selected, but it is preferable to use a plate type and a teeth type for soft ground, and a rotary roller type for hard rock. Various cutter shapes can be selected. Further, as the material of the cutter, an appropriate material can be selected depending on the condition of natural ground such as high speed steel, super hard material, ceramics, or those coated with boron nitride or diamond.
[0011]
[ Cutter for outer periphery excavation ] This is opposed to the inner surface of the tunnel, and is installed so as to reciprocate by the operation of a jack or the like along the tunnel excavation direction. It is also inclined with respect to the inner surface of the tunnel . In this case, the entire cutter table can be inclined.
[0012]
[Drive means] A swivel base is associated with each of the cutter bases so as to drive the front crushing cutter base and the peripheral excavation cutter base together. The driving means for driving the swivel base in the present invention preferably includes an internal gear attached to the swivel base, and a gear train composed of an external gear meshing with the internal gear is rotated at a reduced speed via the prime mover. . As another gear train, a spur gear is integrally provided on a swivel base, and another spur gear attached to the output shaft of the prime mover can be engaged with the spur gear to be driven to turn. Of these, it is preferable to rotate the swivel using an internal gear because the number of prime movers can be increased or decreased according to the required torque.
[0013]
Furthermore, although an electric motor or a hydraulic motor can be used as the prime mover, a hydraulic motor is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a powerful output. In addition, since a large thrust load is applied to the swivel base, it is preferable to receive a thrust load by incorporating a swivel base bearing between the gear train and the swivel base.
[0014]
[Existing Tunnel] In the present invention, the existing tunnel is not particularly limited in cross-sectional shape. However, according to the present invention, it is preferable to carry out expansion excavation of a non-circular existing tunnel such as a horseshoe shape, a rectangle, or an ellipse. is there. The same applies to the invention described below.
[0015]
[Lining] In the present invention, the lining is a lining portion that reinforces the wall surface of the tunnel. For example, a primary lining made of a combination of a fume pipe or a plurality of arc-shaped members and waterproofing of the tunnel. , Including secondary lining performed for anticorrosion of segments. The same applies to the following inventions.
(Operation of the Invention) The above apparatus simultaneously rotates the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer excavation cutter tables 7a and 7b attached to the front crushing cutter table 6. Next, this portion is excavated while pressing the cutter blocks 20 a and 20 b toward the end face 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 and the face 40.
[0016]
Next, the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b are moved to rotate the outer excavation cutter, thereby excavating the inner surface 32 of the tunnel to be excavated and expanding the tunnel . When the leading end of the inclined outer peripheral drilling cutter reaches a predetermined position, the cutter is moved horizontally with respect to the inner surface 32 of the tunnel, a constant expansion width of the inner surface 32 of the tunnel. At this time, the inner surface 32 of the tunnel is excavated flat.
[0017]
Thereafter, the front tunnel excavation is performed in the same manner, and then the outer excavation is performed to expand the existing tunnel . When the soil to be excavated is relatively soft, the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer peripheral excavating cutter tables 7a and 7b attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 are simultaneously rotated. Next, the cutter blocks 20a and 20b are excavated while pressing the end faces 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 and the face 40, and at the same time, the outer excavation cutter tables 7a and 7b are moved to move the outer excavation cutter tables. The tunnel inner surface 32 is excavated by 7a and 7b and the tunnel is enlarged. When the tip of the outer excavation cutter reaches a predetermined position, the cutter is moved horizontally with respect to the inner surface 32 of the tunnel . Thereafter, after moving the shield main body by a predetermined distance, the front tunneling and the outer periphery drilling are simultaneously performed to enlarge the existing tunnel .
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1) Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
Here, the front crushing cutter table 6 facing the end surface 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 is extended by the hydraulically driven front boom thrust jack 16 in the excavation direction of the existing tunnel 22, and this front crushing cutter table 6 The outer peripheral excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b that can be extended by a hydraulically driven boom thrust jack 30 toward the inner surface 13 of the tunnel . Further, the swivel base 8 that rotationally drives the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer excavation cutter tables 7 a and 7 b is driven by four hydraulic motors 24 attached to the shield body 1.
[0020]
[Description of Shield Body] The shield body 1 has a bottomless cylindrical shape, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the enlarged tunnel . Further, the shield body 1 is located on an arc-shaped rail base 2 laid on the lower surface, and can be moved forward and backward by the wheels 4 along the rails 3a and 3b provided on the rail base 2. ing. The shield body 1 is moved by a hydraulically driven moving jack 5 provided between the shield body 1 and the rail base 2.
[0021]
Further, a plurality of hydraulically driven gripper jacks 12 are arranged on the circumference around the front and rear of the shield body 1. When the excavator is excavated, the gripper jack 12 is operated to cause the hydraulic pistons 15 of the gripper jacks 12 to protrude, and the tip end surface 14 is pressed against the wall surface 13 of the enlarged tunnel to fix the shield body 1. In addition, a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor (not shown) is installed in the shield body 1 to perform the soil removal work.
[0022]
[Description of swivel base] The shield body 1 further includes a swivel base 8, and a front crushing cutter base 6 is connected to the front surface 8 a of the swivel base 8. A shaft cylinder 10 having a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the swivel base 8 is disposed on the rear surface 8 b of the swivel base 8, and an internal gear 11 is attached to the shaft cylinder 10. The swivel base 8 rotates around a central axis 37 that is pivotally supported by the shield body 1.
[0023]
[Explanation of Swivel Drive Motor] The drive motor for rotationally driving the swivel base 8 is a hydraulic motor 24 having an external gear 23 meshing with the internal gear 11 attached to an output shaft. Is transmitted from the internal gear 11 to the swivel base 8. Therefore, the swivel base 8 is decelerated and rotates. The hydraulic motor 24 is attached to a flange member 25 that extends inside the shield body 1. In this embodiment, the driving prime mover is composed of four hydraulic motors 24.
[0024]
A swivel bearing 26 is attached to the flange member 25 to rotatably support the internal gear 11 from the thrust direction. Further, the flange member 25 is provided with a housing 28 incorporating a radial bearing 27 for rotatably supporting the cylindrical shaft 10.
[0025]
The [front crushing cutter stand DESCRIPTION front crushing cutter table 6, as shown in FIG. 3, the front boom thrust jacks 16 of the four hydraulic drive respectively provided, the existing front crushing cutter table 6 It is possible to extend toward the end face 18 of the lining 17 of the tunnel. Each front boom thrust jack 16 is accommodated in a nested slide container 29 having a square cross section. For this reason, when each front boom thrust jack 16 is extended, the inner container slides on the inner surface of the outer container as the cylinder rod protrudes. The slide containers 29 are arranged in parallel to each other, and between them, the slide containers 31a and 31b having a rectangular cross section for accommodating the two boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b for extending the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b are provided on the left and right sides. Fixed on each side.
[0026]
Each front crushing cutter table 6 has a plurality of cutter blocks 20 each having a plurality of abacus-shaped crushing cutters 19 arranged therein, and each block is to be excavated in a different excavation area from each other. The positions are shifted from each other.
[0027]
The abacus ball-shaped crushing cutters 19 on the outer peripheral side of the cutter block 20 at both ends of the front crushing cutter table 6 have an angle of about 30 degrees. By attaching this angle, the casing of the cutter block 20 is prevented from coming into contact with the natural ground and causing poor cutting.
[0028]
A roller-type crushing cutter 19 is provided in each cutter block 20 of the front crushing cutter table 6. The cutter block 20 is also provided at the center, and is configured to enable new tunnel excavation other than the expansion of the existing tunnel.
[0029]
[Periphery drilling cutter stand DESCRIPTION periphery drilling cutter table 7a, 7b are in mutual position shifted circumferentially 180 degrees as shown in FIG. 4, 90 degrees with respect to the front crushing cutter table 6 It is a pair structure in a shifted position. Each of the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b is attached to the slide container 29 of the front crushing cutter base 6, and a total of four boom thrust jacks extending in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the axis of the slide container 29. It is attached to 30a and 30b at an angle. In order to obtain a strong driving force for extending the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b, the two boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b arranged in parallel on the left and right sides are operated in synchronization.
[0030]
These boom thrust jacks 30a, 30b are respectively housed in nested slide containers 31a, 31b having a square cross section, like the front crushing cutter table 6. When the boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b are operated and the piston rod protrudes, the boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b extend toward the inner surface 32 of the tunnel to be excavated as shown by an arrow in FIG. The structure and operation of the slide containers 31a and 31b are the same as those of the front crushing cutter table 6. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b are moved in the tunnel excavation direction by the jack 33a provided on the upper surface of the front crushing cutter base 6 and the jack 33b provided on the lower surface thereof. Is possible.
[0031]
Also, the outer excavation cutter bases 7 a and 7 b are attached with an abacus ball-shaped outer excavation cutter 21, and here, a roller cutter is adopted as the outer excavation cutter 21. The outer excavation cutter tables 7a and 7b are provided with an angle of about 30 degrees. By attaching this angle, the casings of the cutter bases 7a and 7b do not come into contact with the ground and become defective in cutting, and the enlarged excavation surface can be flattened by sliding them in the tunnel excavation direction. .
[0032]
[Operation and Effect of Embodiment 1 of the Invention] When starting excavation, the hydraulically driven gripper jack 12 is actuated and pressed against the wall 13 of the start-up counter or the already-expanded enlarged tunnel to fix the shield body 1 To do. Next, the hydraulic motor 24 is driven to rotate the external gear 23. Then, the internal gear meshing with the external gear rotates at a reduced speed, and the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer peripheral excavation cutter table 7a attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 via the shaft cylinder 10 are provided. , 7b are rotated simultaneously.
[0033]
Next, the hydraulically driven front boom thrust jacks 16a and 16b are driven to press the cutter block 20 toward the end face 18 and the face 40 of the lining 17 of the existing horseshoe-shaped tunnel 22 shown by phantom lines in FIG. The part is excavated in a state as indicated by a solid line in FIG. At this time, the cutter block 20 protrudes to the position indicated by the imaginary line in FIG. 1, but the front boom thrust jack 16 is driven again to return the cutter block 20 to the state shown in the figure.
[0034]
During front excavation, the crushing cutters 19 incorporated in the four cutter blocks 20 provided on each front crushing cutter table 6 excavate each excavation area. During excavation, adjacent excavation areas of the cutter blocks 20 are wrapped little by little. The state shown in FIG. 1 shows the stage where frontal excavation is completed. Note that the cutter block 20 is disposed over the entire front surface of the apparatus, and can dig a tunnel regardless of the presence or absence of an existing tunnel.
[0035]
Next, when the movable jack 5 is operated to project the piston, the wheel 4 rotates on the rail base 2 along the rails 3a and 3b, and the shield body 1 is moved to the left in FIG. Boom thrust jack 30a from the state, the slide container 31a by driving the 30b, while stretching the 31b, outer circumferential drilling cutter table 7a by driving the hydraulic motor 24 to rotate the 7b drilled inner surface 32 of the Tunnel To enlarge. Thereafter, by operating the jacks 33a and 33b, the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b move in the tunnel excavation direction. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer excavation cutter table 7b (7a) first extends in the direction of arrow a at the start of excavation and excavates the inner surface 32 of the tunnel by the outer excavation cutter 21 to a predetermined position. After excavating up to (L1 in the drawing), the excavation surface is flattened by moving the distance L2 in the direction of arrow b. When excavation is completed, the outer excavation cutter table 7b (7a) returns in the direction of arrow c, and further moves in the direction of arrow d to return to the original position.
[0036]
After that, the front excavation is performed in the same manner, and then the outer excavation is performed to enlarge the tunnel . According to the present invention, since excavation is performed from the lining side of the existing tunnel, extensive excavation is possible regardless of the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the lining to be crushed. Furthermore, since the shield excavator can rotate the front crushing cutter base and the outer peripheral excavation cutter base at the same time and each can be extended independently of each other, the lining crushing and the expansion tunnel excavation are simultaneously excavated. It is possible to reliably expand and excavate a solid rock mass even with a weaker force than in the case of. In addition, if a watering nozzle is attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer periphery excavating cutter tables 7a and 7b , and excavating while sprinkling the ground, there is a dustproof effect.
[0037]
And since this shield main body is a simple structure, the expansion construction of an existing tunnel can be performed at low cost, and it contributes to the reduction in construction cost. Further, when the outer peripheral excavation cutter 21 comes into contact with the inner surface 32 of the tunnel from one direction to perform excavation and retreat as it is, irregularities corresponding to the pitch of the arrangement of the cutter bits of the outer excavation cutter 21 are formed on the excavation surface. . This will remain even after the tunnel is completed if tunnel lining is not used. However, when this tunnel is used as a waterway, there is a problem that this becomes a great resistance to the flow of water and obstructs a smooth flow. According to the apparatus of the present invention, since the outer excavation cutter 21 moves in the tunnel excavation direction for excavation, the outer excavation surface is leveled and flattened, so that such a problem does not occur.
(Embodiment 2) When the ground to be excavated is soft, using the expansion shield excavator used in Embodiment 1 for the expansion excavation of the existing tunnel, the front boom thrust jack 16 and By simultaneously driving the boom thrust jack 30 and extending the front crushing cutter base 6 and the outer peripheral excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b , the lining 17 and the face end face 18 of the existing tunnel 22 and the front crushing cutter base 6 are Enlarge tunnel excavation.
[0038]
For this reason, an enlarged tunnel having a circular cross section can be quickly and efficiently formed from the existing tunnel 22 by the shield body 1 having a simple structure and a light weight.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the shield excavator of this invention,
1) The structure of the shield excavator is very simple and inexpensive as compared with the conventional apparatus.
[0040]
2) Since the structure is simple as described above, the apparatus itself is lightweight and can be constructed with a relatively small driving force, which greatly contributes to a reduction in construction costs.
[0041]
3) Hardness of the ground in the ground, such as operating the front crushing cutter base and the peripheral excavation cutter base at the same time, or driving the front crushing cutter base first and then driving the outer peripheral excavation cutter base Depending on the situation, the operation of the cutter table can be moved back and forth in time. Furthermore, since excavation is possible from the end face side of the existing tunnel to be excavated, expansion work can be performed regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the existing tunnel, and a versatile device that meets various conditions can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a partially cut internal structure of an enlarged excavator of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the enlarged excavator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the enlarged excavator of the present invention by partial cutting.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a front crushing cutter table and a peripheral excavation cutter table.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation sequence of the outer excavation cutter table during excavation.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Shield body 6 Front crushing cutter stand
7a, 7b outer peripheral excavation cutter table 8 swivel table 11 internal gear (drive means)
17 Lining of existing tunnel 18 End face of existing tunnel lining 19 Crushing cutter 21 Outer excavation cutter 22 Existing tunnel 23 External gear (drive means)
24 Hydraulic motor (drive means)
Inside of 32 tunnel

Claims (1)

In an expanded shield drilling device that crushes existing tunnel linings and drills large diameter tunnels,
A front crushing cutter table (6) provided with a crushing cutter (19) which can be extended forward and is opposed to the end surface of the lining (17) of the existing tunnel (22), and the front crushing cutter table (6) An outer peripheral excavation cutter table ( 7a, 7b ) that can be extended from the inner surface (32) of the tunnel to be excavated from
Both the front crushing cutter table (6) and the peripheral excavation cutter table ( 7a, 7b ) are attached to a swivel table (8), and the swivel table (8) is driven by means (11), (23), (24 ) Can be rotated through
The outer excavation cutter table ( 7a, 7b ) includes an outer excavation cutter (21) facing the inner surface of the tunnel, and the outer excavation cutter (21) is arranged such that the front side of the tunnel approaches the center of the tunnel. An expansion shield excavator characterized in that it is inclined and the outer excavation cutter (21) is movable in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

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