JP3692662B2 - Coupled line type directional coupler - Google Patents

Coupled line type directional coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3692662B2
JP3692662B2 JP28695796A JP28695796A JP3692662B2 JP 3692662 B2 JP3692662 B2 JP 3692662B2 JP 28695796 A JP28695796 A JP 28695796A JP 28695796 A JP28695796 A JP 28695796A JP 3692662 B2 JP3692662 B2 JP 3692662B2
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inner conductor
conductor portion
coupled line
dielectric
directional coupler
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JPH10135717A (en
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秀憲 湯川
英征 大橋
守泰 宮崎
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は方向性結合器に関するものであり、特にVHF帯、UHF帯、マイクロ波帯、およびミリ波帯で用いられる結合線路形方向性結合器の構成に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
図２５は従来技術の一例である、特開平５−１３６６１０号公報に示された多段結合線路形方向性結合器であり、その内導体が上下に重なり合う部分を示した概略構成図である。１a、１bは内導体、３２は外導体である。
【０００３】
次に機能について説明する。このような結合線路形方向性結合器の特性は、結合線路の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスによって決定される。このため、所望の特性を得るためには、その特性を実現する偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスを得る必要がある。偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスは結合線路の断面形状によって決定される。従って、偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスという２つの所望の量を得るためには、断面形状において２つの量をパラメータにして、所望の偶奇モードを実現するパラメータの値を求めなければならない。
【０００４】
本従来技術の多段結合線路形の方向性結合器においては、内導体が上下に重なり合う部分以外の結合線路断面形状は図２６のようになる。従って、内導体のずれの量p、内導体幅w、又は内導体1a,1bどうしの上下の間隔hのうちの２つの量をパラメータにしてこれらの値を決定することにより、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスを得ることができる。
【０００５】
これに対し、内導体が上下に重なり合う部分の結合線路断面形状は図２７のようになる。従って、内導体のずれの量がパラメータとして使用できず、内導体幅wと内導体1a,1bどうしの上下の間隔hをパラメータにして、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスを得るようにする。
【０００６】
図２８は結合線路形方向性結合器に関する従来技術の一例であり、対称テーパ結合線路形方向性結合器の形状を決定するために、いかなる結合度分布を有するようにすればよいかを示すものである。図２８は、■The Design and Construction of Broadband,High-Directivity,90-Degree Couplers Using Nonuniform Line Techniques■,IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques,vol MTT-14,pp.647-656,December,1966に示されたものに基づいて作成したものである。
【０００７】
図２８において、縦軸は結合度の強さ、横軸は結合線路端部からの距離を表わす。又、グラフの点線が多段結合線路形方向性結合器の結合度を示し、実線が対称テーパ結合線路形方向性結合器の結合度を示す。図に示すように、結合度は中央部分において最も高く、中央から離れるに従い連続的に小さくなり、端部において０となる分布を持つ。このような対称テーパ結合線路形方向性結合器においては、端部において結合度を０とするために、内導体どうしの端部での間隔を大きくするようにしている。又、中央部において、対称テーパ結合線路形方向性結合器の結合度が多段結合線路形方向性結合器のものよりも大きくなっている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の結合線路形方向性結合器は以上のように構成されているので、内導体が上下に重なり合う部分において、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスを得るためのパラメータとしては、内導体幅wと内導体どうしの上下の間隔hのみに限定される。従って、設計の自由度が小さいという問題がある。
【０００９】
又、内導体どうしの間に誘電体を充填して構成する場合、内導体どうしの上下の間隔hは所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスにより決定されるので、規格品の誘電体基板を使用できるとは限らない。そのため、製造費がかかるという問題もある。又、内導体が上下に重なり合う部分において高い結合度を得るためには、中心誘電体基板の厚さを薄くしなければならず加工が困難になるという問題もある。
【００１０】
従来のテーパ結合線路形方向性結合器においては、結合線路端部において結合度を０とするため、結合線路端部での内導体どうしの間隔を大きくする必要があり、又、同一の結合特性が得られる多段結合線路形方向性結合器に比べ、結合線路の全長が１／４波長大きくなるため、方向性結合器が大形化するという問題がある。又、中央部分の結合度が多段結合線路形方向性結合器に比べて非常に大きくなると同時に、線路形状が急激に変化するため、加工誤差による特性の劣化が大きく加工が困難になるという問題もある。又、結合線路端部及び中央部分においては線路形状が急激に変化するので、テーパ線路形状の物理形状を決定する際に内導体が平行に配置された断面で近似できなくなり、周波数帯域の高精度設計が困難である。
【００１１】
この発明は、上記のような問題を解決するためになされたもので、内導体が上下に重なり合う部分における設計の自由度を大きくするとともに、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず所望の結合度を得ることができる結合線路形方向性結合器を得ることを第１の目的とする。さらに、小形で良好な反射特性を有する結合線路形方向性結合器を得ることを第２の目的とする。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第１の発明に係る結合線路形方向性結合器は、特に伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向にのみ結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、第１の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部に、前記第１の内導体部と独立して設けられた第３の内導体部と、前記交差部に、前記第２の内導体部と独立に設けられた第４の内導体部と、前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に隔離して支持する支持部を備え、前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続されたものである。
尚、前記第１の内導体部と第２の内導体部との交差部とは、前記第１の内導体部と第２の内導体部が交差する近傍の前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部と第２の内導体部の間、前記第１の内導体部と前記第１の外導体部の間又は前記第２の内導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間等を含むものである。この点は以下の課題を解決するための手段において同様である。
【００１３】
第２の発明に係る結合線路形方向性結合器は、特に伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向に結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、第１の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と交差する第２の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部であって、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部の間に設けられた第３の内導体部と、前記交差部であって、前記第２の内導体部と前記第３の内導体部の間に設けられた第４の内導体部と、前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に支持する支持手段を備え、前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続されたものである。
【００３０】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施の形態１．
図１はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。図１において、１a、１bは内導体、２a、２bは中央部分の内導体、３a、３bは開口部、４a、４b、４c、４dは伝送波の入出力端子、５a、５bは外導体、６a、６bは誘電体基板、７は中心の誘電体基板である。
中心の誘電体基板７の両面に内導体１a、１bが平行に敷設され、中心の誘電体基板７の両面に誘電体基板６a、６bが積層されている。さらに、誘電体基板６a、６bの外面にそれぞれ外導体５a、５bが積層されており、トリプレート線路を用いた結合線路を構成している。
【００３１】
内導体１a、１bは、伝送波の伝達方向に対して電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さごとに階段状に左右方向にずらし、それぞれの内導体の中央部分どうしが上下に重なり合うようにパターンエッチングしてあり、１／４波長結合線路を５段縦属接続した対称多段結合線路形の方向性結合器を構成している。中央部分の内導体２a、２bには、それぞれ開口３a、３bを設けてある。
【００３２】
この発明によれば、中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２a、２bの幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、開口３a、３bの幅d及びその左右方向の位置を変化させることができる。このため、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２a、２bの幅w、開口３a、３bの幅d及びその左右方向の位置のうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。従って、設計の自由度が大きくなるという効果を有する。特に本実施の形態においては、内導体の中心部２a、２bを左右方向に変化させることができないので、設計の自由度が大きくなることの効果が大きい。
【００３３】
又、中心の誘電体基板の厚さが規格品の誘電体基板の厚さとなるように設計すれば、規格品の誘電体基板を使用でき、製造費を安価にすることも可能である。
尚、本実施の形態においては、２つの内導体２a、２bの幅と開口部３a、３bの幅を同一のものとしているが、異なっていてもよい。又、内導体１a、１bはＸ字状に限定されることはなく、例えばＫ字状等であってもよい。又、Ｘ字状であっても、本実施の形態と異なり内導体１a、１bのそれぞれが、くの字形をしたもの等でもよい。
【００３４】
又、５段縦属接続した多段結合線路に限らず、１段、３段又は５段以上の奇数段で構成することも可能である。又、中央部分で内導体が上下に重なり合う対称多段結合線路形について説明したが、中央部分以外で内導体が上下に重なり合う非対称多段結合線路形で構成することも可能である。
又、本実施の形態においては、トリプレート線路を用いて結合線路を構成したが、方形同軸線路を用いて結合線路を構成してもよい。これらの点は、以下の実施の形態において同様である。
【００３５】
実施の形態２．
図２はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。８a、８bは伝送波の伝達方向に対し電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さの矩形状の開口である。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態１と同様の効果に加え、開口８は電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さを有するので、内導体２の結合線路のインピーダンスを一定にでき反射特性が改善できるとともに、設計が容易となるという効果を併せて有する。
【００３６】
実施の形態３．
図３はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。図３において、１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。９a、９bは伝送波の伝達方向に対し電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さの矩形の４隅を円状にした開口である。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態２と同様の効果に加え、開口９は４隅を円状にしているので、ドリルを使用して内導体２に開口を設けることができ、加工が容易となるという効果を併せて有する。
【００３７】
実施の形態４．
図４はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。図４において、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。１０a１０bは形状が連続的に変化したテーパ形結合線路を構成した内導体、１１a、１１bは開口部である。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態１と同様の効果に加え、多段結合線路形を用いた場合と異なり、階段状に変化して反射を生じさせる結合線路間の不連続部がないので、良好な反射特性が得られるという効果を併せて有する。
【００３８】
実施の形態５.
図５はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。図５において、４〜７および１０は図４において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。１２a、１２bは矩形状の開口部である。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態４と同様の効果に加え、開口部は矩形状であるので、設計が容易となるという効果を併せて有する。
【００３９】
実施の形態６.
図６はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。図６において、４〜７および１０は図４において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。１３a、１３bは矩形の４隅を円状にした開口部である。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態４と同様の効果に加え、開口部１３は４隅を円状にしているので、ドリルを使用して内導体に開口を設けることができ、加工が容易となるという効果を併せて有する。
【００４０】
実施の形態７.
図７はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。１４は中央部分の内導体２a、２bの間の誘電体７に設けられた空隙である。
次に図８を用いて、中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布を説明する。図８において、内導体間の静電容量をC1、内導体と外導体の間の静電容量をC2、誘電体を真空で置き換えたときの、内導体間の静電容量をC01、内導体と外導体の間の静電容量をC02とすると、偶奇モードのインピーダンスZe、Zoは以下の式で与えられる。
【００４１】
【数１】

Figure 0003692662
【００４２】
【数２】
Figure 0003692662
【００４３】
vは真空中の光速である。このとき、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比は以下のようになる。
【００４４】
【数３】
Figure 0003692662
【００４５】
内導体間の誘電体の誘電率を内導体と外導体の間より低くすることにより、内導体間の静電容量C1は減少する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が減少する。結合度kは偶奇モードのインピーダンスZe、Zoを用いて、
【００４６】
【数４】
Figure 0003692662
【００４７】
の式で与えられるので、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が減少することにより、結合度が低くなる。
逆に、内導体間の誘電体の誘電率を高くすることにより、結合度を高くすることができる。
本実施の形態（図７）においては、中央部分の結合線路断面において、内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、空隙１４の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、空隙１４の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、空隙の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００４８】
さらに、内導体間の誘電体に空隙１４を設けることにより、内導体間の静電容量C1は低減する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が低減するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、低い結合度を得ることができるという効果を併せて有する。
【００４９】
実施の形態８.
図９はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２a、２bの間の誘電体に、伝送波の伝達方向に対し電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さの空隙１５を設けてある。
このため、実施の形態７と同様の効果に加え、中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部８a、８bによらず実施の形態２と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００５０】
実施の形態９.
図１０はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２a、２bと外導体５a、５bの間の誘電体のそれぞれに空隙１６a、１６bを設けてある。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、空隙１６の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、空隙１６の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、空隙の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００５１】
又、内導体２と外導体５の間の誘電体に空隙１６を設けることにより、内導体２と外導体５の間の静電容量C2は減少する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が増加するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、高い結合度を得ることができるという効果もある。
さらに、中心の誘電体基板の両面に導体のパターンエッチングをするため、導体幅や導体相互の位置関係を正確に製作できるという効果を併せて有する。
【００５２】
実施の形態１０.
図１１はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２a、２bと外導体５a、５bの間の誘電体のそれぞれに、伝送波の伝達方向に対し電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長となる長さの空隙１７a、１７bを設けてある。このため、実施の形態９と同様の効果に加え、中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部８a、８bによらず実施の形態２と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００５３】
実施の形態１１.
図１２はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２a、２bの間の誘電体に空隙を設け、前記誘電体よりも誘電率の高い誘電体１８を充填してある。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、誘電体１８の誘電率、誘電体１８の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、誘電体１８の誘電率、誘電体１８の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、誘電体１８の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００５４】
さらに、内導体間の誘電体に誘電率の高い誘電体を充填することにより、内導体間の静電容量C1は増加する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が増加するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、高い結合度を得ることができるという効果を併せて有する。
【００５５】
実施の形態１２.
図１３はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２の間の誘電体に空隙を設け、前記誘電体よりも誘電率の低い誘電体１９を充填してある。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、誘電体１９の誘電率、誘電体１９の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、誘電体１９の誘電率、誘電体１９の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、誘電体１９の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００５６】
さらに、内導体間の誘電体に誘電率の低い誘電体を充填することにより、内導体間の静電容量C1は低減する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が低減するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、低い結合度を得ることができるという効果を併せて有する。
【００５７】
実施の形態１３.
図１４はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２と外導体５の間の誘電体に空隙を設け、前記誘電体よりも誘電率の高い誘電体２０a、２０bを充填してある。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、誘電体２０の誘電率、誘電体２０の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、誘電体２０の誘電率、誘電体２０の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、誘電体２０の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００５８】
さらに、図１５に中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布を示す。内導体と外導体の間の誘電体に誘電率の高い誘電体を充填することにより、内導体と外導体の間の静電容量C2は増大する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が低減するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、低い結合度を得ることができるという効果もある。
【００５９】
実施の形態１４.
図１６はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。中央部分の内導体２と外導体５の間の誘電体に空隙を設け、前記誘電体よりも誘電率の低い誘電体２１を充填してある。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、誘電体２１の誘電率、誘電体２１の幅dを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体２の幅w、誘電体２１の誘電率、誘電体２１の幅dのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、誘電体２１の高さをパラメータにすることも可能である。
【００６０】
さらに、内導体と外導体の間の誘電体に誘電率の低い誘電体を充填することにより、内導体と外導体の間の静電容量C2は低減する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が増大するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、高い結合度を得ることができるという効果を併せて有する。
【００６１】
実施の形態１５.
図１７はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜６は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する２２は誘電体基板６よりも誘電率の高い誘電体基板である。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wの他に、誘電体２２の誘電率、誘電体２２の高さlを変化させることができる。従って、内導体２の幅w、誘電体１９の誘電率、誘電体２２の高さlのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６２】
さらに、図１８に中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布を示す。誘電体基板６と同じ誘電率の基板を使用する場合に比べて、誘電率の高い誘電体基板２１を使用するので、内導体間の静電容量C1は増大する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が増大するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、高い結合度を得ることができるという効果がある。
【００６３】
実施の形態１６
図１９はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜６は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。２３は誘電体基板６よりも誘電率の低い誘電体基板である。
中央部分の結合線路断面においては、中央部分の内導体２の幅wの他に、誘電体２３の誘電率、誘電体２３の高さlを変化させることができる。従って、内導体２の幅w、誘電体２３の誘電率、誘電体２３のは高さlのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６４】
誘電体基板６と同じ誘電率の基板を使用する場合に比べて、誘電率の低い誘電体基板２３を使用するので、内導体間の静電容量C1は低減する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が低減するので、内導体どうしの相互の間隔によらず、低い結合度を得ることができるという効果がある。
【００６５】
実施の形態１７.
図２０はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、４〜７は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。第１の内導体の中央部分を長さ方向に平行に２つに分割し、一方を第１の内導体に接続し、他方を第３の内導体２４aとして前記第１の内導体から分離し、第２の内導体の中央部分を長さ方向に平行に２つに分割し、一方を第２の内導体に接続し、他方を第４の内導体２４bとして第２の内導体から分離し、第１の内導体と第４の内導体および第２の内導体と第３の内導体どうしをスルーホール２５a、２５b、２５ｃ、２５dで接続している。
【００６６】
図に示すように、結合線路断面においては、内導体の幅wと中心の誘電体基板７の厚さhの他に、第１の内導体と第３の内導体の間隔lおよび第３の内導体の幅s、第２の内導体と第４の内導体の間隔lおよび第４の内導体の幅sを変化させることができる。従って、中心の誘電体基板７の厚さh、内導体の幅w、第１の内導体と第３の内導体の間隔lおよび第３の内導体の幅s、第２の内導体と第４の内導体の間隔lおよび第４の内導体の幅sのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６７】
実施の形態１８.
図２１はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図を示したものである。１、２、４〜６は図１において説明した構成の同一又は相当部を示し、説明を省略する。４１a、４１b、４１cは誘電体基板、内導体２a、２bの間に、第１および第２の内導体に平行で、かつ幅広面が向かい合うように第３および第４の内導体２６a、２６bを挿入し、第１の内導体１aと第４の内導体２６b、および第２の内導体１bと第３の内導体２６aをそれぞれスルーホール２７で接続している。
【００６８】
結合線路断面においては、内導体２の幅wの他に、第１の内導体１aと第３の内導体２６aの間隔lおよび第３の内導体２６aの幅s、第２の内導体１bと第４の内導体の間隔lおよび第４の内導体２６bの幅sを変化させることができる。従って、内導体の幅w、第１の内導体１aと第３の内導体２６aの間隔lおよび第３の内導体の幅s、第２の内導体１bと第４の内導体２６bの間隔lおよび第４の内導体２６bの幅sのうち２つの量をパラメータにしてその値を決定すれば、所望の偶モードと奇モードのインピーダンスの２つの量を得ることができる。このため中央部分の内導体２a、２bの開口部３a、３bによらず実施の形態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。尚、誘電体基板４１の厚さをかえることも可能である。
【００６９】
さらに、図２２に中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布を示す。図に示すように、奇モードのときは第１の内導体１aと第３の内導体２６a、第２の内導体１bと第４の内導体２６b、第３の内導体２６aと第４の内導体２６bの間にも電界分布を生じる。このとき、従来の内導体１aと内導体１bの間にのみ電界分布が生じる場合にくらべ、内導体間の静電容量は増大する。従って、奇モードのインピーダンスは低減し、奇モードのインピーダンスに対する偶モードのインピーダンスの比が増大するので、高い結合度を得ることができるという効果がある。
【００７０】
実施の形態１９
図２３はこの発明の実施の一形態である結合線路形方向性結合器の等価回路構成図を示したものである。４は図１と同一の構成部である。２８はテーパ結合線路、２９は電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長の長さの結合線路である。
本発明においては、結合線路の両側の端部において、電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長の長さの結合線路を構成することにより、両側部分の結合度は０ではなく所定の値となる。従って、テーパ結合線路のみの場合のように結合度が０である場合にくらべて、内導体どうしの間隔を低減でき、結合線路の全長も１／４波長小さくできるので、結合器を小形にできるという効果がある。又、結合線路端部における線路形状の急激な変化がなく、周波数帯域の高精度設計が可能となる。さらに、テーパ結合線路部においては、多段結合線路のような結合線路間の不連続部がなく、良好な反射特性が得られるという効果も有する。
【００７１】
なお、前記発明の実施の形態では、両側部分を１段の結合線路で構成したが、２段以上の結合線路で構成してもよい。
【００７２】
実施の形態２０
この発明による結合線路形方向性結合器の別の実施の形態の等価回路構成図を図２４に示す。図において、４は図１と同一の構成部である。３０は電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長の長さの結合線路、３１はテーパ結合線路である。
【００７３】
本発明においては、中央部分において、電気長が設計周波数において１／４波長の長さの結合線路を構成することにより、テーパ結合線路を用いる場合にくらべて結合度は低減し、線路形状が急激に変化がないため一定の値となる。従って、テーパ結合線路を用いる場合にくらべて、加工が容易となるという効果がある。又、中央部分において、線路形状が急激に変化がないため周波数帯域の高精度設計が可能となる。さらに、両側部分ではテーパ結合線路を構成しているので、多段結合線路のような結合線路間の不連続部がなく、良好な反射特性が得られるという効果もある。
尚、本実施の形態では、中央部分を１段の結合線路で構成したが、２段以上の結合線路で構成してもよい。
【００７４】
【発明の効果】
【００８５】
第１の発明に係る結合線路形方向性結合器は、特に伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向にのみ結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、第１の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられ、前記第１の内導体部と交差する第２の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部に、前記第１の内導体部と独立して設けられた第３の内導体部と、前記交差部に、前記第２の内導体部と独立に設けられた第４の内導体部と、前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に隔離して支持する支持部を備え、前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続されたものであるので、交差部において前記第１の内導体と前記第２の内導体の大きさと内導体間の間隔の他に、前記第３の内導体の大きさ、前記第４の内導体の大きさ、前記第一の内導体と前記第３の内導体の間隔、又は前記第２の内導体と前記第４の内導体の間隔を変化させることができるので設計の自由度が大きくなるという効果を有する。
【００８６】
第２の発明に係る結合線路形方向性結合器は、特に伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向に結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、第１の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と交差する第２の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部であって、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部の間に設けられた第３の内導体部と、前記交差部であって、前記第２の内導体部と前記第３の内導体部の間に設けられた第４の内導体部と、前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に支持する支持手段を備え、前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続されたものであるので、交差部において前記第１の内導体と前記第２の内導体の大きさと内導体間の間隔の他に、前記第３の内導体の大きさ、前記第４の内導体の大きさ、前記第一の内導体と前記第３の内導体の間隔、又は前記第２の内導体と前記第４の内導体の間隔を変化させることができるので設計の自由度が大きくなるという効果を奏すると同時に、高い結合度を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の実施の形態１による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図２】 本発明の実施の形態２による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図３】 本発明の実施の形態３による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図４】 本発明の実施の形態４による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図５】 本発明の実施の形態５による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図６】 本発明の実施の形態６による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図７】 本発明の実施の形態７による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図８】 本発明の実施の形態７による中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布図である。
【図９】 本発明の実施の形態８による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１０】 本発明の実施の形態９による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１１】 本発明の実施の形態１０による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１２】 本発明の実施の形態１１による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１３】 本発明の実施の形態１２による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１４】 本発明の実施の形態１３による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１５】 本発明の実施の形態１３による中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布図である。
【図１６】 本発明の実施の形態１４による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１７】 本発明の実施の形態１５による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図１８】 本発明の実施の形態１５による中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布図である。
【図１９】 本発明の実施の形態１６による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図２０】 本発明の実施の形態１７による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図２１】 本発明の実施の形態１８による結合線路形方向性結合器の概略構成図である。
【図２２】 本発明の実施の形態１８による中央部分の結合線路断面における偶モードと奇モードの電界分布図である。
【図２３】 本発明の実施の形態１９による結合線路形方向性結合器の等価回路構成図である。
【図２４】 本発明の実施の形態２０による結合線路形方向性結合器の等価回路構成図である。
【図２５】 従来の技術における結合線路形方向性結合器において、その内導体が上下に重なり合う部分を示す概略構成図である。
【図２６】 従来の技術における結合線路形方向性結合器において、その内導体が上下に重なり合う部分以外の結合線路断面図である。
【図２７】 従来の技術における結合線路形方向性結合器において、その内導体が上下に重なり合う部分の結合線路断面図である。
【図２８】 従来の技術における、テーパ結合線路形方向性結合器の形状を決定する結合度分布である。
【符号の説明】
１ 第１および第２の内導体、２ 中央部分の内導体、３ 開口、４ 入出力端子、５ 外導体、６ 誘電体基板、７ 中心の誘電体基板、８ １／４波長の長さを有する矩形状の開口、９ 矩形の４隅を円状にした開口、１０ テーパ形結合線路形の内導体、１１ 開口、１２ 矩形状の開口、１３ 矩形の４隅を円状にした開口、１４ 空隙、１５ １／４波長の長さを有する空隙 １６ 空隙、１７ １／４波長の長さを有する空隙、１８ 誘電率の高い誘電体、１９ 誘電率の低い誘電体、２０ 誘電率の高い誘電体、２１ 誘電率の低い誘電体、２２ 誘電率の高い誘電体基板、２３ 誘電率の低い誘電体基板、２４ 第３および第４の内導体、２５ スルーホール ２６ 第３および第４の内導体、２７ スルーホール、２８ テーパ結合線路、２９ １／４波長の長さの結合線路、３０ １／４波長の長さの結合線路、３１ テーパ結合線路、３２ 外導体、４１ 誘電体基板。
24[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a directional coupler, and more particularly to the configuration of a coupled line type directional coupler used in the VHF band, UHF band, microwave band, and millimeter wave band.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 25 shows a multi-stage coupled line type directional coupler disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-136610, which is an example of the prior art, and is a schematic configuration diagram showing a portion where inner conductors overlap vertically. 1a and 1b are inner conductors, and 32 is an outer conductor.
[0003]
Next, functions will be described. The characteristics of such a coupled line type directional coupler are determined by the even mode and odd mode impedance of the coupled line. For this reason, in order to obtain a desired characteristic, it is necessary to obtain even-mode and odd-mode impedances that realize the characteristic. The even mode and odd mode impedances are determined by the cross-sectional shape of the coupled line. Therefore, in order to obtain two desired quantities of the even mode and the odd mode impedance, the values of parameters for realizing the desired even / odd mode must be obtained by using the two quantities as parameters in the cross-sectional shape.
[0004]
In the multistage coupled line type directional coupler of the prior art, the coupled line cross-sectional shape other than the portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically is as shown in FIG. Accordingly, by determining these values using two amounts of the amount p of the inner conductor displacement p, the inner conductor width w, or the vertical distance h between the inner conductors 1a and 1b as parameters, a desired even mode is obtained. And an odd-mode impedance can be obtained.
[0005]
On the other hand, the cross-sectional shape of the coupled line where the inner conductors overlap vertically is as shown in FIG. Therefore, the amount of deviation of the inner conductor cannot be used as a parameter, and the desired even-mode and odd-mode impedances are obtained by using the inner conductor width w and the vertical distance h between the inner conductors 1a and 1b as parameters. .
[0006]
FIG. 28 is an example of the prior art relating to a coupled line type directional coupler, and shows what coupling degree distribution should be used in order to determine the shape of a symmetric tapered coupled line type directional coupler. It is. FIG. 28 shows: ■ The Design and Construction of Broadband, High-Directivity, 90-Degree Couplers Using Nonuniform Line Techniques ■, IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol MTT-14, pp.647-656, December, 1966 Created based on what is shown.
[0007]
In FIG. 28, the vertical axis represents the strength of coupling, and the horizontal axis represents the distance from the end of the coupled line. The dotted line in the graph indicates the degree of coupling of the multistage coupled line type directional coupler, and the solid line indicates the degree of coupling of the symmetrical tapered coupled line type directional coupler. As shown in the figure, the degree of coupling is highest at the central portion, continuously decreases with distance from the center, and has a distribution of 0 at the end. In such a symmetric taper coupled line type directional coupler, the distance between the end portions of the inner conductors is increased so that the degree of coupling is 0 at the end portions. In the central portion, the degree of coupling of the symmetric tapered coupled line type directional coupler is larger than that of the multistage coupled line type directional coupler.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the conventional coupled line type directional coupler is configured as described above, the inner conductor width w is a parameter for obtaining desired even-mode and odd-mode impedances in the portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically. And the upper and lower distance h between the inner conductors. Therefore, there is a problem that the degree of freedom of design is small.
[0009]
When the inner conductor is filled with a dielectric, the vertical distance h between the inner conductors is determined by the desired even-mode and odd-mode impedance, so a standard dielectric substrate is used. It is not always possible. Therefore, there is also a problem that manufacturing costs are required. In addition, in order to obtain a high degree of coupling in the portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically, there is also a problem that the thickness of the central dielectric substrate has to be reduced and the processing becomes difficult.
[0010]
In the conventional taper coupled line type directional coupler, the coupling degree is 0 at the end of the coupled line, so it is necessary to increase the interval between the inner conductors at the coupled line end, and the same coupling characteristics. Compared with the multi-stage coupled line type directional coupler in which the directional coupler is obtained, the total length of the coupled line becomes 1/4 wavelength larger, so that there is a problem that the directional coupler is increased in size. In addition, the degree of coupling at the central portion is much larger than that of a multi-stage coupled line type directional coupler, and at the same time, the line shape changes rapidly. is there. Also, since the line shape changes abruptly at the end and center of the coupled line, it becomes impossible to approximate the cross section in which the inner conductors are arranged in parallel when determining the physical shape of the tapered line shape, and the frequency band has high accuracy. It is difficult to design.
[0011]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and increases the degree of freedom of design in the portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically, and the desired degree of coupling irrespective of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors. It is a first object of the present invention to obtain a coupled line type directional coupler capable of obtaining Furthermore, a second object is to obtain a coupled line type directional coupler which is small and has good reflection characteristics.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  First1The coupled line type directional coupler according to the invention is a coupled line type directional coupler that couples a main transmission line and a sub transmission line that transmit a transmission wave only in a certain direction, in particular, the first outer conductor portion and A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion; a first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; A third inner conductor portion provided independently of the first inner conductor portion at an intersection between the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion;A fourth inner conductor portion provided independently of the second inner conductor portion at the intersection;The first outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, and the first inner conductor portion,PreviousSecond inner conductorThe third inner conductor portion and the fourth inner conductor portionAt predetermined intervalsIsolateSupport to supportPartWithThe third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole, and the fourth inner conductor portion is connected to the first inner conductor portion by a through hole.Is.
  The intersecting portion between the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion is the first inner conductor portion in the vicinity where the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion intersect, The second inner conductor portion, the first outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion, the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion It includes between the first outer conductor portions or between the second inner conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion. This point is the same in the means for solving the following problems.
[0013]
  A coupled line type directional coupler according to a second aspect of the present invention is the coupled line type directional coupler for coupling the main transmission line and the sub transmission line to which a transmission wave is transmitted, in a fixed direction. A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion, and a first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion A second inner conductor portion that intersects with the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion, wherein the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion A third inner conductor portion provided between the second inner conductor portion and the fourth inner conductor portion provided between the second inner conductor portion and the third inner conductor portion; The first outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, the first inner conductor portion, the second inner conductor portion, the third inner conductor portion, and the fourth inner conductor portion are each predetermined. At intervals Holding means for holding, the third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole, and the fourth inner conductor portion is connected to the first inner conductor portion by a through hole. It is a thing.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1a and 1b are inner conductors, 2a and 2b are inner conductors in the central portion, 3a and 3b are openings, 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are input / output terminals for transmission waves, 5a and 5b are outer conductors, 6a and 6b are dielectric substrates, and 7 is a central dielectric substrate.
Inner conductors 1 a and 1 b are laid in parallel on both surfaces of the central dielectric substrate 7, and dielectric substrates 6 a and 6 b are laminated on both surfaces of the central dielectric substrate 7. Further, outer conductors 5a and 5b are laminated on the outer surfaces of the dielectric substrates 6a and 6b, respectively, to constitute a coupled line using a triplate line.
[0031]
The inner conductors 1a and 1b are shifted stepwise in the horizontal direction for each length in which the electrical length is ¼ wavelength at the design frequency with respect to the transmission direction of the transmission wave, and the central portions of the inner conductors are moved up and down. Pattern etching is performed so as to overlap, and a symmetric coupler having a symmetric multi-stage coupled line structure in which five quarter-wavelength coupled lines are cascade-connected is configured. The central conductors 2a and 2b are provided with openings 3a and 3b, respectively.
[0032]
According to the present invention, in the cross section of the coupling line in the central portion, in addition to the width w of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 in the center, the width d of the openings 3a and 3b and its The position in the left-right direction can be changed. For this reason, the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductors 2a and 2b, the width d of the openings 3a and 3b, and the position in the left and right direction are used as parameters to determine their values. For example, two quantities of desired even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. Therefore, there is an effect that the degree of freedom in design is increased. In particular, in the present embodiment, since the center portions 2a and 2b of the inner conductor cannot be changed in the left-right direction, the effect of increasing the degree of freedom in design is great.
[0033]
Further, if the thickness of the central dielectric substrate is designed to be the thickness of the standard dielectric substrate, the standard dielectric substrate can be used, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
In the present embodiment, the widths of the two inner conductors 2a, 2b and the widths of the openings 3a, 3b are the same, but they may be different. Further, the inner conductors 1a and 1b are not limited to the X shape, and may be, for example, a K shape. Moreover, even if it is X-shaped, unlike the present embodiment, each of the inner conductors 1a and 1b may have a dogleg shape.
[0034]
Further, it is not limited to a multi-stage coupled line connected in five stages, and may be composed of one, three, or five or more odd stages. In addition, the symmetric multi-stage coupled line shape in which the inner conductors overlap vertically at the center portion has been described. However, it is also possible to configure an asymmetric multi-stage coupled line shape in which the inner conductors overlap vertically except at the central portion.
In the present embodiment, the coupled line is configured using a triplate line, but the coupled line may be configured using a rectangular coaxial line. These points are the same in the following embodiments.
[0035]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numerals 8a and 8b denote rectangular openings having a length with which the electrical length is ¼ wavelength at the design frequency with respect to the transmission direction of the transmission wave.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as in the first embodiment, the opening 8 has a length with an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency, so that the impedance of the coupling line of the inner conductor 2 is kept constant. In addition, the reflection characteristics can be improved and the design can be facilitated.
[0036]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, 1, 2, 4 to 7 indicate the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numerals 9a and 9b denote openings in which four corners of a rectangle having an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency with respect to the transmission direction of the transmission wave are circular.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the second embodiment, since the opening 9 has four corners, the inner conductor 2 can be provided with an opening using a drill, and processing is easy. It also has the effect of becoming.
[0037]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, reference numerals 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numerals 10a and 10b denote inner conductors constituting a tapered coupled line whose shape is continuously changed, and reference numerals 11a and 11b denote openings.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as in the first embodiment, unlike the case of using a multi-stage coupled line type, there is no discontinuity between coupled lines that change in a step shape and causes reflection. It also has the effect of obtaining good reflection characteristics.
[0038]
Embodiment 5.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5, reference numerals 4 to 7 and 10 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. 4, and a description thereof will be omitted. Reference numerals 12a and 12b denote rectangular openings.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as in the fourth embodiment, the opening has a rectangular shape, and therefore has the effect of facilitating the design.
[0039]
Embodiment 6.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, reference numerals 4 to 7 and 10 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numerals 13a and 13b denote openings having circular four corners.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as in the fourth embodiment, since the opening 13 has four corners in a circular shape, an opening can be provided in the inner conductor using a drill, and processing is easy. It also has the effect of becoming.
[0040]
Embodiment 7.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numeral 14 denotes a gap provided in the dielectric 7 between the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion.
Next, the even-mode and odd-mode electric field distribution in the cross section of the coupled line at the center will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 8, the capacitance between the inner conductors is C1, the capacitance between the inner and outer conductors is C2, the capacitance between the inner conductors when the dielectric is replaced with vacuum, C01, and the inner conductor. When the capacitance between the outer conductor and the outer conductor is C02, the impedances Ze and Zo of the even / odd mode are given by the following equations.
[0041]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003692662
[0042]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003692662
[0043]
v is the speed of light in vacuum. At this time, the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance is as follows.
[0044]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003692662
[0045]
By making the dielectric constant of the dielectric between the inner conductors lower than between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors decreases. Therefore, the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance decreases. The degree of coupling k is determined by using even and odd mode impedances Ze and Zo.
[0046]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0003692662
[0047]
Since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance decreases, the degree of coupling decreases.
Conversely, the degree of coupling can be increased by increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric between the inner conductors.
In the present embodiment (FIG. 7), in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 at the center, the width d of the gap 14 can be changed in the cross section of the coupled line at the center. it can. Therefore, if two values of the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, and the width d of the air gap 14 are determined as parameters, the impedances of the desired even mode and odd mode are determined. Can be obtained in two quantities. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. It is possible to use the height of the gap as a parameter.
[0048]
Further, by providing the gap 14 in the dielectric between the inner conductors, the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors is reduced. Therefore, since the ratio of the impedance of the even mode to the impedance of the odd mode is reduced, there is also an effect that a low degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual interval between the inner conductors.
[0049]
Embodiment 8.
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. In the dielectric between the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion, an air gap 15 having an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency in the transmission direction of the transmission wave is provided.
For this reason, in addition to the effect similar to Embodiment 7, the same effect as Embodiment 2 can be acquired irrespective of opening part 8a, 8b of inner conductor 2a, 2b of a center part.
[0050]
Embodiment 9.
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Gaps 16a and 16b are provided in the dielectrics between the inner conductors 2a and 2b and the outer conductors 5a and 5b, respectively, in the central portion.
In the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion, the width d of the air gap 16 can be changed in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 in the center. Accordingly, if the values are determined by using two amounts of the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, and the width d of the air gap 16 as parameters, the impedances of the desired even mode and odd mode are determined. Can be obtained in two quantities. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. It is possible to use the height of the gap as a parameter.
[0051]
Further, by providing the gap 16 in the dielectric between the inner conductor 2 and the outer conductor 5, the capacitance C2 between the inner conductor 2 and the outer conductor 5 is reduced. Therefore, since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance increases, there is an effect that a high degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors.
Furthermore, since the conductor pattern is etched on both surfaces of the central dielectric substrate, the conductor width and the positional relationship between the conductors can be accurately manufactured.
[0052]
Embodiment 10.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. The dielectrics between the inner conductors 2a, 2b and the outer conductors 5a, 5b in the central portion are provided with gaps 17a, 17b having a length that makes the electrical length ¼ wavelength at the design frequency in the transmission direction of the transmission wave. It is provided. For this reason, in addition to the effect similar to Embodiment 9, the same effect as Embodiment 2 can be acquired irrespective of opening 8a, 8b of inner conductor 2a, 2b of a center part.
[0053]
Embodiment 11.
FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. A gap is provided in the dielectric between the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion, and a dielectric 18 having a higher dielectric constant than that of the dielectric is filled.
In the cross section of the coupling line in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 18 and the width d of the dielectric 18 are changed in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 in the center. Can do. Therefore, if the values are determined by using two quantities among the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 18, and the width d of the dielectric 18 as parameters, a desired value can be obtained. The two quantities of the even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. The height of the dielectric 18 can be used as a parameter.
[0054]
Further, by filling the dielectric between the inner conductors with a dielectric having a high dielectric constant, the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors increases. Therefore, since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance increases, it also has the effect that a high degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors.
[0055]
Embodiment 12.
FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. A gap is provided in the dielectric between the inner conductors 2 in the central portion, and a dielectric 19 having a lower dielectric constant than that of the dielectric is filled.
In the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 19 and the width d of the dielectric 19 are changed in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 in the center. Can do. Therefore, if the values are determined by using two amounts of the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 19, and the width d of the dielectric 19 as parameters, the desired value can be obtained. The two quantities of the even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. The height of the dielectric 19 can be used as a parameter.
[0056]
Further, the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors is reduced by filling the dielectric between the inner conductors with a dielectric having a low dielectric constant. Therefore, since the ratio of the impedance of the even mode to the impedance of the odd mode is reduced, there is also an effect that a low degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual interval between the inner conductors.
[0057]
Embodiment 13.
FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. A gap is provided in the dielectric between the inner conductor 2 and the outer conductor 5 in the central portion, and the dielectrics 20a and 20b having a dielectric constant higher than that of the dielectric are filled.
In the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 20 and the width d of the dielectric 20 are changed in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion and the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7. Can do. Therefore, if the values are determined by using two amounts of the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 20, and the width d of the dielectric 20 as parameters, the desired value can be obtained. The two quantities of the even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. The height of the dielectric 20 can be used as a parameter.
[0058]
Further, FIG. 15 shows the electric field distribution of the even mode and the odd mode in the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion. By filling the dielectric between the inner conductor and the outer conductor with a dielectric having a high dielectric constant, the capacitance C2 between the inner conductor and the outer conductor increases. Accordingly, since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance is reduced, there is an effect that a low degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors.
[0059]
Embodiment 14.
FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. A gap is provided in the dielectric between the inner conductor 2 and the outer conductor 5 in the central portion, and a dielectric 21 having a lower dielectric constant than that of the dielectric is filled.
In the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion, in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 21 and the width d of the dielectric 21 are changed. Can do. Therefore, if the values are determined by using two amounts of the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 21, and the width d of the dielectric 21 as parameters, a desired value can be obtained. The two quantities of the even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. It is possible to use the height of the dielectric 21 as a parameter.
[0060]
Furthermore, by filling the dielectric between the inner conductor and the outer conductor with a dielectric having a low dielectric constant, the capacitance C2 between the inner conductor and the outer conductor is reduced. Therefore, since the ratio of the even-mode impedance to the odd-mode impedance increases, there is also the effect that a high degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors.
[0061]
Embodiment 15.
FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1, 2, 4 to 6 indicate the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. 1, and description 22 is a dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant higher than that of the dielectric substrate 6.
In the cross section of the coupling line in the central portion, in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 22 and the height l of the dielectric 22 can be changed. Accordingly, if two values of the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 19, and the height l of the dielectric 22 are determined as parameters, the impedances of desired even mode and odd mode 2 You can get one quantity. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion.
[0062]
Further, FIG. 18 shows the electric field distribution of the even mode and the odd mode in the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion. Compared with the case where a substrate having the same dielectric constant as that of the dielectric substrate 6 is used, the dielectric substrate 21 having a high dielectric constant is used, so that the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors is increased. Therefore, since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance increases, there is an effect that a high degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual interval between the inner conductors.
[0063]
Embodiment 16
FIG. 19 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 6 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. Reference numeral 23 denotes a dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant lower than that of the dielectric substrate 6.
In the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion, in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2 in the central portion, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 23 and the height l of the dielectric 23 can be changed. Therefore, if the values are determined using two amounts of the width w of the inner conductor 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 23, and the height of the dielectric 23 as parameters, the impedances of the desired even mode and odd mode can be determined. Two quantities can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion.
[0064]
Compared with the case where a substrate having the same dielectric constant as that of the dielectric substrate 6 is used, the dielectric substrate 23 having a low dielectric constant is used, so that the capacitance C1 between the inner conductors is reduced. Therefore, since the ratio of the even mode impedance to the odd mode impedance is reduced, there is an effect that a low degree of coupling can be obtained regardless of the mutual spacing between the inner conductors.
[0065]
Embodiment 17.
FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1 and 4 to 7 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. The central portion of the first inner conductor is divided into two parallel to the length direction, one is connected to the first inner conductor, and the other is separated from the first inner conductor as the third inner conductor 24a. The central portion of the second inner conductor is divided into two parallel to the length direction, one is connected to the second inner conductor, and the other is separated from the second inner conductor as the fourth inner conductor 24b. The first inner conductor and the fourth inner conductor, and the second inner conductor and the third inner conductor are connected to each other through through holes 25a, 25b, 25c, and 25d.
[0066]
As shown in the figure, in the cross section of the coupled line, in addition to the width w of the inner conductor and the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 7 at the center, the distance l between the first inner conductor and the third inner conductor and the third The width s of the inner conductor, the interval l between the second inner conductor and the fourth inner conductor, and the width s of the fourth inner conductor can be changed. Accordingly, the thickness h of the central dielectric substrate 7, the width w of the inner conductor, the distance l between the first inner conductor and the third inner conductor, the width s of the third inner conductor, the second inner conductor and the second inner conductor. If two values of the distance l between the four inner conductors and the width s of the fourth inner conductor are used as parameters, the two values of the desired even mode and odd mode impedance can be obtained. . Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion.
[0067]
Embodiment 18.
FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 6 denote the same or corresponding parts of the configuration described in FIG. 41a, 41b and 41c are arranged between the dielectric substrate and the inner conductors 2a and 2b so that the third and fourth inner conductors 26a and 26b are parallel to the first and second inner conductors and face the wide surfaces. The first inner conductor 1a and the fourth inner conductor 26b, and the second inner conductor 1b and the third inner conductor 26a are connected through the through holes 27, respectively.
[0068]
In the cross section of the coupled line, in addition to the width w of the inner conductor 2, the distance l between the first inner conductor 1a and the third inner conductor 26a, the width s of the third inner conductor 26a, and the second inner conductor 1b The interval l of the fourth inner conductor and the width s of the fourth inner conductor 26b can be changed. Accordingly, the width w of the inner conductor, the distance l between the first inner conductor 1a and the third inner conductor 26a, and the width s of the third inner conductor, the distance l between the second inner conductor 1b and the fourth inner conductor 26b. If two values of the width s of the fourth inner conductor 26b are used as parameters to determine the values thereof, two amounts of desired even mode and odd mode impedances can be obtained. Therefore, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained regardless of the openings 3a and 3b of the inner conductors 2a and 2b in the central portion. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 41 can be changed.
[0069]
Further, FIG. 22 shows the electric field distribution of the even mode and the odd mode in the cross section of the coupled line in the central portion. As shown in the figure, in the odd mode, the first inner conductor 1a and the third inner conductor 26a, the second inner conductor 1b and the fourth inner conductor 26b, the third inner conductor 26a and the fourth inner conductor 26a. An electric field distribution is also generated between the conductors 26b. At this time, the capacitance between the inner conductors increases as compared with the case where an electric field distribution is generated only between the conventional inner conductor 1a and the inner conductor 1b. Therefore, the impedance of the odd mode is reduced, and the ratio of the impedance of the even mode to the impedance of the odd mode is increased, so that a high degree of coupling can be obtained.
[0070]
Embodiment 19
FIG. 23 is an equivalent circuit configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 4 denotes the same component as in FIG. 28 is a taper coupled line, and 29 is a coupled line having an electrical length of 1/4 wavelength at the design frequency.
In the present invention, at both ends of the coupled line, a coupled line having an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency is formed, so that the degree of coupling at both side portions is not zero but a predetermined value. . Therefore, compared to the case where the degree of coupling is 0 as in the case of only the taper coupled line, the distance between the inner conductors can be reduced, and the total length of the coupled line can be reduced by a quarter wavelength, so that the coupler can be downsized. There is an effect. Also, there is no sudden change in the line shape at the end of the coupled line, and high-precision design of the frequency band is possible. Further, the taper coupled line section has no discontinuity between coupled lines such as a multi-stage coupled line, and has an effect of obtaining good reflection characteristics.
[0071]
In the embodiment of the present invention, both side portions are configured by a single-stage coupled line, but may be configured by two or more coupled lines.
[0072]
Embodiment 20
FIG. 24 shows an equivalent circuit configuration diagram of another embodiment of the coupled line type directional coupler according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 4 denotes the same components as in FIG. 30 is a coupling line having an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency, and 31 is a taper coupling line.
[0073]
In the present invention, by forming a coupling line having an electrical length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency in the central portion, the degree of coupling is reduced compared to the case of using a tapered coupling line, and the line shape is sharp. The value is constant because there is no change in. Therefore, there is an effect that processing becomes easier as compared with the case where a taper coupled line is used. Further, since the line shape does not change abruptly at the central portion, it is possible to design the frequency band with high accuracy. Further, since the tapered coupling lines are formed on both side portions, there is no discontinuity between the coupling lines such as a multistage coupling line, and there is an effect that good reflection characteristics can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the central portion is composed of a single-stage coupled line, but may be composed of two or more coupled lines.
[0074]
【The invention's effect】
[0085]
  First1The coupled line type directional coupler according to the invention is a coupled line type directional coupler that couples a main transmission line and a sub transmission line that transmit a transmission wave only in a certain direction, in particular, the first outer conductor portion and A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion; a first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; A second inner conductor portion which is provided between the first inner conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion and intersects the first inner conductor portion; the first inner conductor portion; A third inner conductor portion provided independently of the first inner conductor portion at the intersection with the second inner conductor portion, and provided independently of the second inner conductor portion at the intersection. A fourth inner conductor portion; the first outer conductor portion; the second outer conductor portion; the first inner conductor portion; the second inner conductor portion; the third inner conductor portion; First Each of the inner conductor portions is supported at a predetermined interval, the third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole, and the fourth inner conductor portion is Since the first inner conductor portion is connected to the first inner conductor portion through a through hole, the third inner conductor and the second inner conductor at the intersecting portion, in addition to the size and the interval between the inner conductors, the third The size of the inner conductor, the size of the fourth inner conductor, the distance between the first inner conductor and the third inner conductor, or the distance between the second inner conductor and the fourth inner conductor. Since it can be changed, the degree of freedom of design is increased.
[0086]
  First2The coupled line type directional coupler according to the present invention is a coupled line type directional coupler that couples a main transmission line and a sub transmission line to which a transmission wave is transmitted, in a certain direction. A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion, and a first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion. A second inner conductor portion, and an intersection of the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion, between the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion. A third inner conductor portion provided; a fourth inner conductor portion provided between the second inner conductor portion and the third inner conductor portion, which is the intersecting portion; The outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, the first inner conductor portion, the second inner conductor portion, the third inner conductor portion, and the fourth inner conductor portion at predetermined intervals, respectively. support The third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole, and the fourth inner conductor portion is connected to the first inner conductor portion by a through hole. Therefore, in addition to the size of the first inner conductor and the second inner conductor and the distance between the inner conductors at the intersection, the size of the third inner conductor, the size of the fourth inner conductor, Since the size, the distance between the first inner conductor and the third inner conductor, or the distance between the second inner conductor and the fourth inner conductor can be changed, the degree of design freedom increases. At the same time as achieving the effect, a high degree of coupling can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
8 is an electric field distribution diagram of an even mode and an odd mode in a cross section of a coupled line at a central portion according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
15 is an electric field distribution diagram of an even mode and an odd mode in a cross section of a coupled line at a central portion according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is an electric field distribution diagram of an even mode and an odd mode in a cross section of a coupled line at a central portion according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 18 of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is an electric field distribution diagram of an even mode and an odd mode in a cross section of a coupled line at a central portion according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is an equivalent circuit configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is an equivalent circuit configuration diagram of a coupled line type directional coupler according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a portion where inner conductors overlap vertically in a coupled line type directional coupler according to a conventional technique.
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a coupled line other than the portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically in a coupled line type directional coupler according to the prior art.
FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a coupled line in a portion where the inner conductors overlap vertically in a coupled line type directional coupler according to the prior art.
FIG. 28 is a coupling degree distribution for determining the shape of a tapered coupled line type directional coupler in the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 1st and 2nd inner conductor, 2 inner conductor in center part, 3 opening, 4 input / output terminal, 5 outer conductor, 6 dielectric substrate, 7 center dielectric substrate, length of 8 1/4 wavelength A rectangular opening, 9 an opening in which four corners of a rectangle are circular, 10 an inner conductor of a tapered coupled line shape, 11 an opening, 12 a rectangular opening, 13 an opening in which four corners of a rectangle are circular, 14 Air gap, air gap having a length of 15 1/4 wavelength 16 air gap, air gap having a length of 17 1/4 wavelength, 18 dielectric having a high dielectric constant, 19 dielectric having a low dielectric constant, 20 dielectric having a high dielectric constant Body, 21 low dielectric constant dielectric, 22 high dielectric constant dielectric substrate, 23 low dielectric constant dielectric substrate, 24 third and fourth inner conductors, 25 through hole 26 third and fourth inner conductors 27 through hole, 28 taper coupled line, 2 9 1/4 wavelength coupled line, 30 1/4 wavelength coupled line, 31 taper coupled line, 32 outer conductor, 41 dielectric substrate.
twenty four

Claims (2)

伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向に結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、
第１の外導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられ、前記第１の内導体部と交差する第２の内導体部と、
前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部に、前記第１の内導体部と独立して設けられた第３の内導体部と、
前記交差部に、前記第２の内導体部と独立に設けられた第４の内導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に隔離して支持する支持部を備え、
前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、
前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続された結合線路形方向性結合器。In a coupled line type directional coupler that couples a main transmission line and a sub-transmission line through which a transmission wave is transmitted in a certain direction,
A first outer conductor portion;
A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion;
A first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; provided between the first inner conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; A second inner conductor portion intersecting the first inner conductor portion;
A third inner conductor portion provided independently of the first inner conductor portion at an intersection between the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion;
A fourth inner conductor portion provided independently of the second inner conductor portion at the intersection;
The first outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, each said first inner conductor section, before Symbol second inner conductor section, said third inner conductor section and the fourth inner conductor portion Provided with a support part that is isolated and supported at a predetermined interval,
The third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole,
The fourth inner conductor portion is a coupled line type directional coupler connected to the first inner conductor portion by a through hole . 伝送波が伝達される主伝送線路と副伝送線路を一定方向に結合させる結合線路形方向性結合器において、
第１の外導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部に対向配設された第２の外導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられた第１の内導体部と、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の外導体部の間に設けられ、前記第１の内導体部と交差する第２の内導体部と、
前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部との交差部であって、前記第１の内導体部と前記第２の内導体部の間に設けられた第３の内導体部と、
前記交差部であって、前記第２の内導体部と前記第３の内導体部の間に設けられた第４の内導体部と、
前記第１の外導体部、前記第２の外導体部、前記第１の内導体部、前記第２の内導体部、前記第３の内導体部及び前記第４の内導体部を各々所定の間隔に支持する支持手段を備え、
前記第３の内導体部は前記第２の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続され、前記第４の内導体部は前記第１の内導体部とスルーホールにより接続された結合線路形方向性結合器。 In a coupled line type directional coupler that couples a main transmission line and a sub-transmission line through which a transmission wave is transmitted in a certain direction,
A first outer conductor portion;
A second outer conductor portion disposed opposite to the first outer conductor portion;
A first inner conductor portion provided between the first outer conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; provided between the first inner conductor portion and the second outer conductor portion; A second inner conductor portion intersecting the first inner conductor portion;
A third inner conductor portion that is an intersection of the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion and is provided between the first inner conductor portion and the second inner conductor portion. When,
A fourth inner conductor portion provided between the second inner conductor portion and the third inner conductor portion at the intersection,
The first outer conductor portion, the second outer conductor portion, the first inner conductor portion, the second inner conductor portion, the third inner conductor portion, and the fourth inner conductor portion are each predetermined. Support means for supporting at intervals of
The third inner conductor portion is connected to the second inner conductor portion by a through hole, and the fourth inner conductor portion is connected to the first inner conductor portion by a through hole. vessel.
JP28695796A 1996-10-29 1996-10-29 Coupled line type directional coupler Expired - Lifetime JP3692662B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP28695796A JP3692662B2 (en) 1996-10-29 1996-10-29 Coupled line type directional coupler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP28695796A JP3692662B2 (en) 1996-10-29 1996-10-29 Coupled line type directional coupler

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2005067304A Division JP2005168072A (en) 2005-03-10 2005-03-10 Coupled line directional coupler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10135717A JPH10135717A (en) 1998-05-22
JP3692662B2 true JP3692662B2 (en) 2005-09-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP28695796A Expired - Lifetime JP3692662B2 (en) 1996-10-29 1996-10-29 Coupled line type directional coupler

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2897218A4 (en) * 2012-09-14 2016-04-20 Toshiba Kk Combiner

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1492192A4 (en) 2002-07-05 2005-11-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Coupler
WO2008090993A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Nec Corporation Coupled circuit and its manufacturing method
US8232851B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2012-07-31 International Business Machines Corporation On-chip millimeter wave lange coupler

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2897218A4 (en) * 2012-09-14 2016-04-20 Toshiba Kk Combiner
US9559402B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2017-01-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Combiner including land pattern formed on printed board

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10135717A (en) 1998-05-22

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