JP3680403B2 - Seed germination improvement method - Google Patents

Description

試験例２
実施例２によって得られた発芽改善種子と、比較対象である未処理種子とを、それぞれ４００粒、慣行法に従ってビニールハウス内の播種床に播種し、種子の発芽試験を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
【００４５】
表２に示すように、実施例２の発芽改善種子は、未処理種子に比べて明らかに発芽が迅速且つ均一であった。
【００４６】
【表２】

試験例３
実施例３によって得られた発芽改善種子と、比較対象である未処理種子とを、それぞれ４００粒、慣行法に従って４０６穴のセル成型苗用トレイに播種し、発芽試験を行った。その結果を表３に示す。
【００４７】
表３に示すように、実施例３の発芽改善種子は、未処理種子に比べて明らかに発芽が迅速且つ均一であった。
【００４８】
【表３】

【００４９】
【発明の効果】
本発明の種子の発芽改善方法により、容易に大量の種子の発芽を改善（発芽の迅速化及び均一化）することができるとともに、発芽改善処理後に廃液や廃棄物が発生することがない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例１の種子の発芽改善方法を説明するための図であって、（ａ）は、当該方法に用いる容器の斜視図であり、（ｂ）は、発芽改善処理状態を示す要部欠截斜視図である。
【図２】実施例２の種子の発芽改善方法における発芽改善処理状態を示す斜視図である。
【図３】実施例３の種子の発芽改善方法における発芽改善処理状態を示す要部欠截斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
(1) ……容器
(2) ……種子
(5) ……回転軸
(11)……撹拌板
(15)……種子
(21)……ビニロンフィルム
(23)……種子
(25)……振とう機[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for improving germination by hydrating seeds before sowing. More specifically, the present invention relates to a seed hydration treatment technique to be applied to seeds before sowing for the purpose of rapid and uniform germination of seeds after sowing and improvement of germination rate in a poor environment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
After sowing, seeds germinate after a certain period of time when environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature, oxygen, and light are in an appropriate state.
[0003]
In the seeding preparation period from sowing to germination, various biochemical metabolisms are carried out inside the seed. The length of the period varies depending on the degree of solidity of individual seeds, the type of crop, and environmental factors such as temperature and moisture. By shortening this germination preparation period and bringing about quick and uniform germination, it becomes easier to improve germination ability under poor environmental conditions, simplify seedling management, mechanization, etc., and production cost in large-scale commercial cultivation Benefits such as reduction of energy consumption, labor saving, and stabilization of crop production. Therefore, various technologies for improving the germination ability of seeds have been developed and devised, and some of them have been put into practical use. For example, a method of treating seeds in a continuously aerated high osmotic pressure aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as priming, High Decker and Cool Bear, 1977, Seed Science and Technolgy. 5; 353-425) and granularity with high moisture retention A method in which moisture is absorbed into a solid and mixed with the seed (hereinafter referred to as solid matrix priming, JP-A-1-503437), or water in the rotating drum is directly sprayed with water to reduce the seed moisture content. A method of adjusting (hereinafter referred to as drum priming, GB-2192781A), and a method of impregnating the seed with water so as to increase the moisture content of the seed, and then holding the seed in an environment where the relative humidity and temperature are controlled (Hereinafter referred to as hydro-priming, Fujikura and Carlsen, 1993, Seed Science and Technolgy. 21; 639-642; JP-A-7-289021) It is.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
All of these methods have the same effect in improving germination ability, but each has the following drawbacks.
[0005]
Priming involves using a large amount of aqueous solution and insufficient ventilation of the aqueous solution, complicating the work of separating seeds from the large amount of aqueous solution and drying the seed after separation, and further discarding the aqueous solution after treatment Have problems such as environmental pollution. In addition, in order to avoid aeration operation in this method, there is also a method in which seeds are simply left on a water-absorbing material that has absorbed a high osmotic pressure aqueous solution, but this method only arranges the seeds on the water-absorbing surface. It is not suitable as an industrial treatment method.
[0006]
In the solid matrix priming, the granular solid to be used remains attached to the seeds, and it is difficult to reliably separate the seeds from the seeds, or there are problems such as disposal of solid waste after the treatment.
[0007]
In drum priming, precise machine control is required to actually adjust the amount of water, the mechanical equipment and operations are substantially complicated, the seed processing cost is very high, and the seeds being processed are liquid. Since water is supplied with water, excessive water tends to adhere to the seeds temporarily.
[0008]
Furthermore, hydro priming is simple in its processing operation, but requires an environment for holding moisture-absorbed seeds, particularly a device for controlling the relative humidity, and also maintains the whole treated seeds in a uniform state. There are problems, and there are many problems to be solved in any of the methods.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving germination of seeds, which is easy to handle, easy to handle seeds after hydration, and does not generate waste or waste.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of studying a better seed hydration treatment technique, the present inventors have used the water-absorbent sheet-like material and moved it into contact with the seed, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems and improving germination. In addition, the present inventors have found a seed hydration technology that is easy to industrialize and does not generate waste liquid or waste.
[0011]
That is, the seed germination improving method of the present invention is sufficient for increasing the vitality of seeds by moving the water-absorbing sheet-like material that has absorbed water, thereby bringing the water-absorbing sheet-like material into contact with the seed. However, seeds are hydrated at a time and temperature that is insufficient for germination.
[0012]
Here, the contact between the water-absorbing sheet material and the seed is not necessarily continuous, and the water-absorbing sheet material is intermittently or intermittently caused by the movement of the water-absorbing sheet material. It also includes the case of contact with seeds.
[0013]
In the seed germination improving method of the present invention, it is preferable that the seed is hydrated by placing the seed in a container composed of the water-absorbent sheet material and moving the container.
[0014]
Alternatively, in the seed germination improving method of the present invention, it is preferable to hydrate the seeds by stirring the seeds with a stirring device configured using a water-absorbent sheet material.
[0015]
In the present invention, a water-absorbing sheet-like material is used as a medium for supplying moisture to seeds, and the water-absorbing sheet-like material is brought into contact with the water-absorbing sheet-like material by adjusting the amount of moisture absorbed and the amount of treated seeds. The moisture content of the seed is maintained at 20 to 50% fresh weight (the ratio of the moisture content of the seed to the weight of the seed in a natural state as a percentage).
[0016]
At this time, it is not necessary to use a larger amount of aqueous solution than the treated seed as in the above priming, the oxygen supply is simple, and the seed drying after the treatment is easy. Further, since the solid solid is not mixed with the seed as in the case of the solid matrix priming, there is no need for a special separation operation between the treated seed and the water-absorbent sheet material, and there is no problem of solid adhesion to the seed. Further, in these two methods, waste liquid and waste are generated after the treatment, but in the present invention, the water-absorbent sheet-like material used for the treatment can be reused. In addition, excessive moisture is temporarily attached during processing as in drum priming, or water is not supplied to the seed suddenly at the start of processing as in hydro priming. The damage done is small.
[0017]
In the present invention, by moving, for example, rotating, vibrating, tilting, stirring, etc. the above water-absorbing sheet-like material, a very large amount of seeds can be uniformly distributed as compared with the case where the seeds are left on a solid such as a sheet or powder. Can be hydrated.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of seeds that can be treated with the seed germination improving method of the present invention include lily family crops such as onions and leeks, cereal family crops such as carrots, celery, and honey bees, cabbage, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, radish, rapeseed, and the like. Cruciferous crops, lettuce, salad, chrysanthemum, burdock, sunflower and other asteraceae crops, spinach, chard, etc. Cucurbitaceae crops such as watermelon, pumpkin and campy, corn crops such as corn, rice, wheat and barley, edible and feedstuffs such as peas, broad bean, green beans, soybeans and other legume crops, craft crops, and pansies, Africa Howsenka, Eustoma, Nadesico, Begonia, Geranium, Cyclamen It can be mentioned of flowering plants such as seeds.
[0019]
The water-absorbing sheet material used in the present invention is a water-absorbing sheet-like material, and its water retention and water absorption mechanism is chemical such as a physical material such as capillary force or a highly water-absorbing polymer. Any of those based on various principles may be used. The water absorption capacity of the water-absorbent sheet material is not particularly limited as long as the water absorption capacity is smaller than that of normal dry seeds.
[0020]
When there are pores on the surface of the water-absorbent sheet material, the size of the pores is smaller than the size of the seeds to be treated, and the seeds do not have to be trapped in the pores.
[0021]
The thickness of the water-absorbing sheet material is from a submicron film shape to a thickness of about 10 mm. Preferably about 20 μm to 3 mm is practically easy to use.
[0022]
Examples of such water-absorbing sheet-like materials include hydrophilic porous resins such as hydrophilic porous sintered resins, urea resins, rock wool, superabsorbent polymers, ceramics, and hard or soft sponge-like materials. Or a semi-permeable membrane such as a non-woven fabric, a felt-like cloth, or cellophane. Desirably, a material that has little surface wetness, absorbs water droplets or the like immediately inside, and does not come into contact with the seed and excessive moisture adheres to the seed surface is preferable.
[0023]
As a method of moving the water-absorbent sheet material and bringing the water-absorbent sheet material and the seed into contact with each other, as described above, the seed is put in a container configured using the water-absorbent sheet material, and the container There are a method of moving the seeds, a method of stirring the seeds with a stirring device formed using a water-absorbent sheet material, and the like. Any container and stirring device may be used as long as the water-absorbent sheet material and the seed come into contact with each other by the movement of the water-absorbent sheet material. Further, the contact does not necessarily have to be continuous as described above.
[0024]
Examples of the container include those in which the water-absorbent sheet-like material is completely or partially installed on the inner surface of the container, or those made of the water-absorbent sheet-like material itself. There is no particular limitation such as a columnar shape, a prismatic shape, a spherical shape, or a bowl shape. And to move it means to rotate, vibrate, incline, etc. these containers, whereby contact between the water-absorbent sheet material and seeds can be achieved.
[0025]
Examples of the stirring device include a propeller that stirs seeds in a container, a screw or the like installed on the water-absorbing sheet-like material, or a device made of the water-absorbing sheet-like material itself. It is done. Then, by stirring the seed with the stirring device, the water-absorbent sheet material and the seed can be contacted.
[0026]
The ventilation into these containers is sufficient if the container has a partial opening, but an oxygen-containing gas may be supplied into the container from the outside.
[0027]
The water absorbed in the water-absorbent sheet material is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the germination of seeds. For controlling seed infectious diseases and promoting germination metabolic processes, Various substances can be added in order to further improve the germinating power of. These substances include, for example, plant hormones such as bactericides, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and plant nutrients such as potassium nitrate, thiourea, amino acids, and sugars. What is necessary is just to make the said water absorbing sheet-like material absorb the aqueous solution of these substances as needed.
[0028]
Since the principle of the present invention is that the seed absorbs a certain amount of water held by the water-absorbent sheet material, the amount of water absorbed by the water-absorbent sheet material is equal to the water adsorbing power of the water-absorbent sheet material. It is influenced by the relationship with the water absorption capacity of the seeds to be treated. That is, the required amount of water varies depending on the type of water-absorbent sheet material used, the type of seed to be treated, the state of the lot, and the like, and thus cannot be particularly limited. However, it can be easily determined by conducting a preliminary test before carrying out a large amount of processing.
[0029]
In an actual treatment operation, the water-absorbing sheet-like material absorbs water, for example, a method in which the water-absorbing sheet-like material absorbs a pre-measured amount of water and adds seeds, or seed moisture during the treatment. Examples include a method of measuring the content rate and adding water to the water-absorbent sheet material so that the target moisture content is obtained.
[0030]
The treatment temperature at the time of hydrating the seed varies depending on the kind of seed to be treated and the like, but it is preferable to carry out at a temperature suitable for germination of the seed or a temperature lower by several degrees Celsius. In addition, the treatment time varies depending on the type of seed to be treated, etc., but is approximately the time required for the metabolic activity to proceed inside the seed, usually the time required from seeding to germination of the seed to be treated ± α, and it is easy to set an appropriate time by a preliminary test.
[0031]
After the hydration treatment, the seed can be taken out from the treatment container and subjected to normal seed drying, or the seed can be dried by stopping the water supply as it is or placing it in a dry environment. At this time, since the water-absorbent sheet-like material does not adhere to the seed, handling is extremely simple.
[0032]
Further, after the hydration treatment, the obtained hydration treatment seed may be formed into a film coat or a pellet.
[0033]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
[0034]
Example 1
With a commercially available hydrophilic porous sintered resin (Sunfine AQ-800, 2 mm thick sheet, 20 × 10 cm, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), as shown in FIG. Water was added so that the water content of the resin was 25% by weight.
[0035]
Next, 20 g of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seeds (2) (containing 8% fresh weight) was put in the container (1) and covered with a polyethylene film (3). Vents (4) and (4) with a diameter of 1 cm were opened in the part.
[0036]
The container (1) containing the seed (2) in this way is placed on two rotating shafts (5) and (5) as shown in FIG. ) (5) was rotated to rotate at 3 rpm under a temperature condition of 25 ° C., and a hydration treatment was performed for 5 days. The moisture content of the seeds on the fifth day was 38% fresh weight. This hydrated seed was dried by ventilation drying at 30 ° C. to a moisture content of 8% fresh weight to obtain a germination-improved seed.
[0037]
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, an aluminum plate (3 × 10 cm) is entirely covered with a commercially available PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) sponge (Plassame, 1 mm thick sheet, manufactured by Kanebo Co., Ltd.), and a stirring plate (11 And a support shaft (13) connected to the motor (12) was attached to the upper end of the stirring plate (11) to prepare a stirring device. Then, water was added to the sponge of the stirring plate (11) to adjust the water content to 70% by weight.
[0038]
Next, put 50g of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds (15) (water content 10% fresh weight) into a polyethylene container (14) with a bottom of 7cm in diameter and 10cm in height to absorb water. The stirred plate (11) was inserted into the seed (15) and covered with a polyethylene film (17) as a vent hole (16) leaving a 5 mm gap around the support shaft (13).
[0039]
Hydration was performed for 4 days under a temperature condition of 20 ° C. by rotating the stirring plate (11) at 3 rpm. The moisture content of the seeds on the 4th day was 35% fresh weight. This hydrated seed was dried to a fresh moisture content of 10% by the drying method of Example 1 to obtain germinated seeds.
[0040]
Example 3
A commercially available vinylon film (21) (VF LH # 18, manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd., 20 × 30 cm) was immersed in water for 10 minutes to sufficiently absorb water. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the film (21) is laid on the bottom of a transparent plastic box (22) (20 × 30 × 5 cm) that opens upward, and Eustma, which is a fine seed, is formed. 20 g of russellianum G. Don) seed (23) (fresh water content 6% fresh weight) was put in the box (22), and the upper surface thereof was covered with a polyethylene film (24).
[0041]
Hydration is carried out by placing the box (22) containing the seeds (23) on a shaker (25) that is shaken in a horizontal direction, and slowly shaking for 6 days at a temperature of 18 ° C. I went there. The moisture content of the seeds on the 6th day was 36% fresh weight. This hydrated seed was dried to a raw water content of 6% by the drying method of Example 1 to obtain germinated seeds.
[0042]
Test example 1
The germination test was carried out by placing the germination-improved seeds obtained in Example 1 and the untreated seeds to be compared in 400 petri dishes. The test method was performed in accordance with the International Seed Inspection Regulation (1993). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0043]
As shown in Table 1, the germination-improved seeds of Example 1 clearly germinate quickly and uniformly compared to the untreated seeds.
[0044]
[Table 1]

Test example 2
The germination-improved seeds obtained in Example 2 and the untreated seeds to be compared were seeded on a sowing bed in a greenhouse in accordance with a customary method, and seed germination tests were conducted. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0045]
As shown in Table 2, the germination-improved seeds of Example 2 clearly germinate quickly and uniformly compared to the untreated seeds.
[0046]
[Table 2]

Test example 3
The germination improved seeds obtained in Example 3 and the untreated seeds to be compared were seeded in a cell molding seedling tray with 406 holes according to the conventional method, and the germination test was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0047]
As shown in Table 3, the germination-improved seeds of Example 3 clearly germinate quickly and uniformly compared to the untreated seeds.
[0048]
[Table 3]

[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the seed germination improving method of the present invention, germination of a large amount of seeds can be easily improved (speeding and homogenization of germination), and no waste liquid or waste is generated after the germination improvement treatment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a seed germination improvement method of Example 1, wherein (a) is a perspective view of a container used in the method, and (b) shows a germination improvement treatment state. It is a principal part missing perspective view.
2 is a perspective view showing a germination improving treatment state in the seed germination improving method of Example 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part missing portion showing a germination improvement treatment state in the seed germination improvement method of Example 3.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1) …… Container
(2) …… Seeds
(5) …… Rotation axis
(11) …… Stir plate
(15) …… Seeds
(21) …… Vinylon film
(23) …… Seeds
(25) …… Shaking machine

Claims (4)

  By moving the water-absorbing sheet-like material that has absorbed water, the water-absorbing sheet-like material and the seed are brought into contact with each other to increase the vitality of the seed, but insufficient to cause germination. A method for improving germination of seeds by hydrating seeds with time and temperature.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the seed is hydrated by placing the seed in a container composed of a water-absorbent sheet material and moving the container.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the seed is hydrated by stirring the seed with a stirring device composed of a water-absorbent sheet material.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbent sheet material is a hydrophilic porous resin.

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