JP3666172B2 - Naturally decomposable resin composition and molded product thereof - Google Patents

Naturally decomposable resin composition and molded product thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3666172B2
JP3666172B2 JP08441797A JP8441797A JP3666172B2 JP 3666172 B2 JP3666172 B2 JP 3666172B2 JP 08441797 A JP08441797 A JP 08441797A JP 8441797 A JP8441797 A JP 8441797A JP 3666172 B2 JP3666172 B2 JP 3666172B2
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Prior art keywords
resin composition
weight
mixed
spp
acid
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JP08441797A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10251498A (en
Inventor
義和 近藤
宏史 梶山
秀樹 日名子
邦夫 市橋
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自然分解性で改良された耐衝撃性、透明性、溶融流動性などを有する新規な高分子組成物及びその成形物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石油を原料とする合成樹脂は優れた性能と低コストであるため広く使われているが、自然環境下での分解性が低く、又焼却時の発熱が大きい為に、環境保護の見地からの見直しが必要である。このため、脂肪族ポリエステルからなる自然分解性樹脂が開発されつつある。しかし脂肪族ポリエステルは様々な欠点を有しており、その改良が必要である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
脂肪族ポリエステルの中でも、ポリ乳酸は性能やコスト面に優れ、最も期待されているが、硬く脆く、耐衝撃性、溶融流動性などに劣るという欠点があり、その改良が望まれている。本発明の目的は、それらの欠点が改良されたポリ乳酸系組成物及びその成形物を提供するにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記本発明の目的は、乳酸を主成分とする脂肪族ポリエステル(A)99〜85重量%と、シンジオタクティックポリプロピレン(B)1〜15重量%とが混合されてなる自然分解性樹脂組成物及びその成形物によって達成される。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
ここで乳酸を主成分とする脂肪族ポリエステル(A)とは、L−乳酸及び/又はD−乳酸由来の成分を50重量%以上含有するもので、ポリL−乳酸ホモポリマー、ポリD−乳酸ホモポリマー、ポリL/D−乳酸共重合物、及びそれらに他の成分を50重量%以下共重合及び/又は混合したものを包含する。
【0006】
共重合の形式は、ブロック共重合でもよくランダム共重合でもよく、又その両者が混在していてもよい。共重合する成分については特に限定されないが、脂肪族又は非芳香族のエステル結合形成成分及びその重合体が、分解性の見地から好ましい。
【0007】
しかし、芳香族成分も融点をあまり上昇させない範囲(例えば融点220℃以下、好ましくは200℃以下)で、応用することが出来る。好ましい共重合成分としては、(a)グリコール酸、ヒドロキシブチルカルボン酸のような脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸、(b)グリコリド、ブチロラクトン、カプロラクトンなどの脂肪族ラクトン、(c)エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ヘキサンジオールなどの脂肪族ジオール、(d)ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、エチレン/プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ジヒドロキシエトキシブタン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレン/プロピレングリコールなどのポリアルキレンエーテルのオリゴマー及びポリマー、(e)ポリプロピレンカーボネート、ポリブチレンカーボネート、ポリヘキサンカーボネートなどの脂肪族ポリカーボネートのオリゴマー及びポリマー、(f)コハク酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、デカンジカルボン酸などの脂肪族ジカルボン酸、などの脂肪族ポリエステル原料が挙げられる。
【0008】
またテレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、ヒドロキシ安息香酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸などの芳香族成分も、少量なら(例えば10重量%以下)応用することが出来る。そのような少量の芳香族成分を含む場合も、脂肪族ポリマーと見なす。
【0009】
ポリ乳酸に他の成分を混合したり共重合したりする目的は、結晶性の低下、融点の低下(重合や加工温度の低下)、柔軟性や摩擦係数の変化、耐熱性や熱収縮性の変化、接着性、染色性、親水性やはっ水の変化、分解性の変化(改良)などを付与する為である。
【0010】
本発明者らは、ポリ乳酸の上記欠点の改良のために研究を重ねた結果、シンジオタクティックポリプロピレン(以下SPPと記す)を混合することにより、それらが改良されることを見出し、本発明を完成したものである。SPPは、従来のアイソタクティックポリプロピレンが高結晶性(結晶化度約60〜70%)であるのに対し、低結晶性(結晶化度40%以下)である。
【0011】
本発明の組成物には、SPPを用いなければならない。通常の高結晶性ポリプロピレンを用いると、混合物が透明性を失うからである。SPPは、プロピレンをメタロセン触媒により重合することにより製造される。
【0012】
ポリ乳酸とSPPは優れた相溶性を有するが、SPPのブレンド量が15重量%を超えると透明性が低下するため、ブレンド量は高々15重量%である。混合物の透明性はSPPの混合率15重量%以下でかなり優れており、混合率10重量%以下が特に優れる。また混合物の耐衝撃性や溶融流動性は、SPPの混合率が1重量%以上で認められ、2〜10重量%でかなり優れ、透明性を含めてこの範囲が、本発明の目的に対して最も好ましい。
【0013】
本発明に用いるSPPの分子量は特に限定されないが、5万以上が好ましく、7万〜50万の範囲が特に好ましいことが多い。なおSPPは低結晶性であるため、従来の高結晶性ポリプロピレンよりも、自然環境下での分解速度がやや早い傾向があり、SPPを混合した本発明の組成物は、環境保護の見地からも好ましい。
【0014】
本発明に用いるポリ乳酸又はその共重合物や混合物は、結晶性でもよく非結晶性でもよいが、耐熱性や耐久性の見地からは、結晶性のものが好ましい。結晶の融点は130℃以上が好ましく、150℃以上が特に好ましく、160℃以上が最も好ましい。結晶の融点は、走査型示差熱量計(以下DSCと記す)を用い、試料10mg、昇温速度10℃/minで測定したときの、結晶の溶融による吸熱量のピーク値の温度で示す。
【0015】
ポリ乳酸とSPPとの混合方法は、特に限定されないが、溶融状態で混合することが効率的で好ましい。例えば、両ポリマーのペレットや粉末同士を混合し、1軸又は多軸の押出機で溶融混合してもよく、両ポリマーを別々にそれぞれスクリュー押出機で溶融し、1軸又は2軸押出機で混合してもよい。
【0016】
同様に流れの分割と合流を多段的に行う静止混合器を用いてもよく、静止混合器と機械的攪拌装置を併用してもよい。また、ポリ乳酸などの重合時、たとえばラクチドの重合時に、SPPを混合することも出来る。両ポリマーの相溶性を改善し、混合物の透明性や耐衝撃性などを更に改善するために、親油基と極性基とを持つ界面活性剤や相溶化剤を応用することも出来る。
【0017】
本発明の組成物には、乳酸を主成分とするポリマーとSPPとの他に、安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、着色剤、顔料、染料、離型剤、抗菌剤、流動性改善剤その他の添加剤、無機化合物,金属などの粒子、繊維、各種フィラーなどを必要に応じ、適宜混合することが出来る。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下の実施例において、%、部は特に断らない限り重量比である。組成物の衝撃強度測定は、ASTM−D256に準じ、溶融射出成形により、太さ(幅)6.3mm、厚み10.16mm、長さ63.5mm、ノッチ付きの試験片を作成し、アイゾット衝撃値を測定した。同じく曲げ弾性率は、幅10mm、厚さ4mm、長さ80mmの試験片を用い、JIS K7203に準じて測定した。
【0019】
実施例1
L−ラクチドに対しオクチル酸錫を100ppm混合し、窒素雰囲気中188℃で8分間、2軸混練押出機中で重合し、冷却チップ化後、140℃の窒素雰囲気中で処理(固相重合)してポリL−乳酸ホモポリマーP1を得た。P1の融点は177℃、分子量は15.5万であった。P1に対して、2軸押出機を用い、分子量12.8万のシンジオタクティックポリプロピレン(SPP)7.0%を185℃で4分間混合し、ポリ乳酸/SPP混合ポリマーP2を得た。両ポリマーの曲げ弾性率及び衝撃強度を表1に示す。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003666172
【0021】
表からわかるように、本発明の組成物P2は、柔軟性及び耐衝撃性がかなり改善されている。なお両ポリマーの射出成形品はともに透明性が優れていた。
【0022】
実施例2
L−ラクチド95部に対し、分子量8000、両末端が水酸基のポリエチレングリコール(PEG)5部、チバガイギー社の酸化防止剤イルガノックス1010を0.1部混合し、以下実施例のポリマーP1と同様にして、ポリ乳酸/PEGのブロック共重合体P3を得た。P3に対して、実施例1の混合ポリマーP2と同様にしてSPPを7%混合し、混合ポリマーP4を得た。ポリマーP3及びP4の曲げ弾性率及び衝撃強度を表2に示す。
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0003666172
【0024】
表からわかるように、本発明の組成物P4は、柔軟性及び耐衝撃性がかなり改善されている。なお両ポリマーの射出成形品はともに透明性が優れていた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって、自然分解性であり環境汚染することが少なく、柔軟性、耐衝撃性、透明性に優れた組成物が提供され、繊維、糸、ロープ、ひも、編物、織物、不織布などの繊維構造物、フィルム、シート、繊維を含む複合材料、射出成形品、押出成形品、容器、ボトル、袋、棒、チューブ、各種部品などの成形物に好ましく用いられる。また本発明組成物は、比較的低コストで容易に製造可能で、しかも溶融流動性や成形性に優れ、実用性が高いという特徴を持っている。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel polymer composition having improved impact resistance, transparency, melt flowability and the like, which are naturally degradable, and a molded product thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Synthetic resins made from petroleum are widely used because of their superior performance and low cost, but they are not easily decomposed in the natural environment and generate large amounts of heat during incineration. A review is necessary. For this reason, naturally decomposable resins made of aliphatic polyesters are being developed. However, aliphatic polyesters have various drawbacks and need to be improved.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the aliphatic polyesters, polylactic acid is excellent in performance and cost, and is most expected. However, it has drawbacks that it is hard and brittle, inferior in impact resistance, melt fluidity and the like, and its improvement is desired. An object of the present invention is to provide a polylactic acid-based composition and a molded article thereof having improved these drawbacks.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is a naturally decomposable resin composition comprising 99 to 85% by weight of an aliphatic polyester (A) containing lactic acid as a main component and 1 to 15% by weight of syndiotactic polypropylene (B). And its moldings.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Here, the aliphatic polyester (A) containing lactic acid as a main component contains L-lactic acid and / or a component derived from D-lactic acid in an amount of 50% by weight or more. Poly L-lactic acid homopolymer, poly D-lactic acid It includes homopolymers, poly L / D-lactic acid copolymers, and those in which other components are copolymerized and / or mixed in an amount of 50% by weight or less.
[0006]
The form of copolymerization may be block copolymerization or random copolymerization, or both of them may be mixed. The component to be copolymerized is not particularly limited, but an aliphatic or non-aromatic ester bond-forming component and a polymer thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of degradability.
[0007]
However, the aromatic component can be applied within a range that does not raise the melting point so much (for example, a melting point of 220 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or lower). Preferred copolymer components include (a) aliphatic hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid and hydroxybutyl carboxylic acid, (b) aliphatic lactones such as glycolide, butyrolactone and caprolactone, (c) ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butanediol. , Aliphatic diols such as hexanediol, (d) oligomers and polymers of polyalkylene ethers such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene / propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dihydroxyethoxybutane, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene / propylene glycol (E) the orientation of aliphatic polycarbonate such as polypropylene carbonate, polybutylene carbonate, polyhexane carbonate, etc. Mer and polymers, (f) succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as decanedicarboxylic acid, aliphatic polyester material, such as.
[0008]
In addition, aromatic components such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid can be applied in small amounts (for example, 10% by weight or less). Any such small amount of aromatic component is also considered an aliphatic polymer.
[0009]
The purpose of mixing and copolymerizing other components with polylactic acid is to reduce crystallinity, lower melting point (reduction of polymerization and processing temperature), change in flexibility and friction coefficient, heat resistance and heat shrinkability. This is to impart changes, adhesiveness, dyeability, hydrophilicity, water repellency, degradability (improvement), and the like.
[0010]
As a result of repeated research for improving the above-mentioned drawbacks of polylactic acid, the present inventors have found that they can be improved by mixing syndiotactic polypropylene (hereinafter referred to as SPP). It has been completed. SPP has low crystallinity (40% or less crystallinity), while conventional isotactic polypropylene has high crystallinity (crystallinity of about 60 to 70%).
[0011]
SPP must be used in the composition of the present invention. This is because when ordinary high crystalline polypropylene is used, the mixture loses transparency. SPP is produced by polymerizing propylene with a metallocene catalyst.
[0012]
Polylactic acid and SPP have excellent compatibility, but when the blending amount of SPP exceeds 15% by weight, the transparency is lowered, so that the blending amount is at most 15% by weight. The transparency of the mixture is considerably excellent when the mixing rate of SPP is 15% by weight or less, and particularly excellent when the mixing rate is 10% by weight or less. Further, the impact resistance and melt flowability of the mixture are recognized when the mixing ratio of SPP is 1% by weight or more, and is considerably excellent at 2 to 10% by weight. This range including transparency is within this range for the purpose of the present invention. Most preferred.
[0013]
Although the molecular weight of SPP used for this invention is not specifically limited, 50,000 or more are preferable and the range of 70,000-500,000 is especially preferable in many cases. In addition, since SPP has low crystallinity, it tends to have a slightly faster decomposition rate in a natural environment than conventional high crystalline polypropylene, and the composition of the present invention mixed with SPP is also from the viewpoint of environmental protection. preferable.
[0014]
The polylactic acid or a copolymer or mixture thereof used in the present invention may be crystalline or non-crystalline, but is preferably crystalline from the viewpoint of heat resistance and durability. The melting point of the crystal is preferably 130 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 160 ° C. or higher. The melting point of the crystal is indicated by the temperature of the peak value of the endothermic amount due to melting of the crystal when measured with a scanning differential calorimeter (hereinafter referred to as DSC) at a sample of 10 mg and a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
[0015]
The method for mixing polylactic acid and SPP is not particularly limited, but mixing in a molten state is efficient and preferable. For example, both polymer pellets and powders may be mixed and melt-mixed with a single-screw or multi-screw extruder, and both polymers may be melted separately with a screw extruder and then with a single-screw or twin-screw extruder. You may mix.
[0016]
Similarly, a static mixer that multistagely divides and merges the flows may be used, or a static mixer and a mechanical stirring device may be used in combination. In addition, SPP can be mixed during polymerization of polylactic acid, for example, during polymerization of lactide. In order to improve the compatibility of both polymers and further improve the transparency and impact resistance of the mixture, a surfactant or compatibilizer having a lipophilic group and a polar group can also be applied.
[0017]
The composition of the present invention includes a stabilizer, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a colorant, a pigment, a dye, a mold release agent, an antibacterial agent, an improvement in fluidity, in addition to a polymer mainly composed of lactic acid and SPP. Agents and other additives, particles of inorganic compounds, metals, fibers, various fillers, and the like can be appropriately mixed as necessary.
[0018]
【Example】
In the following examples,% and parts are by weight unless otherwise specified. The impact strength of the composition was measured according to ASTM-D256 by preparing a test piece with a thickness (width) of 6.3 mm, a thickness of 10.16 mm, a length of 63.5 mm, and a notch by melt injection molding. The value was measured. Similarly, the flexural modulus was measured according to JIS K7203 using a test piece having a width of 10 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, and a length of 80 mm.
[0019]
Example 1
L-lactide was mixed with 100 ppm of tin octylate, polymerized in a twin-screw kneader / extruder at 188 ° C. for 8 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, formed into a cooled chip, and then treated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 140 ° C. (solid phase polymerization). Thus, poly L-lactic acid homopolymer P1 was obtained. P1 had a melting point of 177 ° C. and a molecular weight of 15,000. Using a twin screw extruder, 7.0% of syndiotactic polypropylene (SPP) having a molecular weight of 120,000 was mixed for 4 minutes at 185 ° C. to obtain a polylactic acid / SPP mixed polymer P2. Table 1 shows the flexural modulus and impact strength of both polymers.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003666172
[0021]
As can be seen from the table, the composition P2 of the present invention has significantly improved flexibility and impact resistance. The injection molded products of both polymers were excellent in transparency.
[0022]
Example 2
To 95 parts of L-lactide, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a molecular weight of 8000 and hydroxyl groups at both ends and 0.1 part of Ciba Geigy's antioxidant Irganox 1010 are mixed, and in the same manner as the polymer P1 in the following examples. As a result, a polylactic acid / PEG block copolymer P3 was obtained. 7% of SPP was mixed with P3 in the same manner as the mixed polymer P2 of Example 1 to obtain a mixed polymer P4. Table 2 shows the flexural modulus and impact strength of the polymers P3 and P4.
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003666172
[0024]
As can be seen from the table, the composition P4 of the present invention has significantly improved flexibility and impact resistance. The injection molded products of both polymers were excellent in transparency.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a composition that is naturally degradable, less polluting the environment, and excellent in flexibility, impact resistance, and transparency is provided, and fibers such as fibers, yarns, ropes, strings, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics are provided. It is preferably used for molded products such as structures, films, sheets, composite materials including fibers, injection molded products, extruded molded products, containers, bottles, bags, bars, tubes, and various parts. In addition, the composition of the present invention is characterized in that it can be easily produced at a relatively low cost, has excellent melt fluidity and moldability, and is highly practical.

Claims (3)

乳酸を主成分とする脂肪族ポリエステル(A)99〜85重量%と、シンジオタクティックポリプロピレン(B)1〜15重量%とが混合されてなる自然分解性樹脂組成物。A naturally decomposable resin composition in which 99 to 85% by weight of an aliphatic polyester (A) containing lactic acid as a main component and 1 to 15% by weight of syndiotactic polypropylene (B) are mixed. シンジオタクティックポリプロピレン(B)の混合率が2〜10重量%であり、射出成形物のアイゾット衝撃値(強度)がそれを混合していない場合の1.1倍以上である請求項1記載の樹脂組成物。The mixing ratio of the syndiotactic polypropylene (B) is 2 to 10% by weight, and the Izod impact value (strength) of the injection-molded product is 1.1 times or more that when it is not mixed. Resin composition. 請求項1または2に記載されている樹脂組成物を少なくとも一部に使用した成形物。A molded article using at least a part of the resin composition according to claim 1 or 2.
JP08441797A 1997-03-17 1997-03-17 Naturally decomposable resin composition and molded product thereof Expired - Fee Related JP3666172B2 (en)

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