JP3661975B2 - Ammonia generation inhibitor, ammonia generation-suppressed food, production method thereof, and ammonia generation suppression method - Google Patents

Ammonia generation inhibitor, ammonia generation-suppressed food, production method thereof, and ammonia generation suppression method Download PDF

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JP3661975B2
JP3661975B2 JP35077898A JP35077898A JP3661975B2 JP 3661975 B2 JP3661975 B2 JP 3661975B2 JP 35077898 A JP35077898 A JP 35077898A JP 35077898 A JP35077898 A JP 35077898A JP 3661975 B2 JP3661975 B2 JP 3661975B2
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ammonia
shark meat
ammonia generation
water
shark
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JP2000157158A (en
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信次 船山
俊朗 野下
弘 臼井
康夫 鈴木
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福寿水産株式会社
信次 船山
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アンモニア発生抑制剤、アンモニア発生抑制食品、それらの製造方法およびアンモニア発生抑制方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
サメやエイなどの魚類は、他の魚類と比較して非常に大量の尿素を体内に含んでいる。サメなどの肉に含まれる尿素は死後すぐにウレアーゼによって分解され、アンモニアを発生する。このことから、サメ肉の消費は限られ、サメ肉を食べる習慣も一部の地域に限られている。
【0003】
サメの肉に含まれる尿素からアンモニアが発生することを抑制できるならば、サメの肉もタンパク源としてもっと活用できるようになると考えられる。また、そうなれば、商品価値が上がることから、資源の活用のみならず、投棄が減って環境保全にも役立ち、ひいては産業振興に貢献できると考えられる。
【0004】
従来の市販の製品の中で、サメ肉からのアンモニアの発生を抑制するのに使用可能なものとして、2種の脱臭・消臭剤がある。一方の脱臭・消臭剤(商品名:「ケスンA」、発売元:丸宗(大阪市西区新町1−12−7))はツバキ科植物抽出物から製されるもので、他方の脱臭・消臭剤(商品名:「フジラック30」、発売元:藤沢薬品工業(株)特薬事業部(東京都中央区日本橋本町3−4−6))はユリ科のユッカ(Yucca shidigera)から調製されるユッカ抽出物を含むものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来の製品と異なる植物材料を用いて、サメ肉などに含まれる尿素からアンモニアが発生することを抑制できるアンモニア発生抑制剤、アンモニア発生抑制食品、それらの製造方法およびアンモニア発生抑制方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、各種植物抽出エキスのウレアーゼ阻害活性試験により、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物、ダイオウの根のアルコール抽出物および紅茶の水抽出物に顕著なウレアーゼ阻害活性があることを発見した。
【0007】
そこで、本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制剤は、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含むことを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制食品は、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含むことを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制剤の製造方法は、ウツボグサの花穂から水抽出物を水で抽出することを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制食品の製造方法は、食品にウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を浸透させることを特徴とする。前記食品は、例えば、サメ肉加工食品である。サメ肉加工食品は、カットしただけの刺身であってもよい。前記食品には、サメ肉、エイの肉その他の尿素を含む食品が適している。
【0011】
本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制方法は、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を付着させることを特徴とする。
【0012】
ウツボグサ(Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica)は、シソ科の多年生草本であり、本邦各地に自生する。本発明において、「ウツボグサ」には、東アジアの寒地に自生する同属のミヤマウツボグサ(P. vulgaris var. aleutica)、中国に自生する類縁植物(P. vulgaris) などの類縁植物を含む。
【0013】
ウツボグサの花穂には、その乾燥品である夏枯草を好適に用いることができる。夏枯草は、古くから薬用に供されており、現在でも、漢方では消炎利尿薬や、はれもの、るいれきに用いられる要薬として利用されている。夏枯草またはその抽出エキスには現在までに、有毒または何らかの望ましくない作用が報告されたことはなく、おだやかな活性を示す生薬といえる。夏枯草の水抽出エキスは、淡茶褐色を呈し、ほとんど無味である。
【0014】
なお、ウツボグサの含有成分しては、カリ塩などの可溶性無機塩類の他、トリテルペン類のウルソール酸(ursolic acid) や、その配糖体であるプルネルリン(prunellin) などのトリテルペン配糖体またはステロール配糖体が知られている。
【0015】
ダイオウとはタデ科のダイオウ(Rheum palmatum) であり、ダイオウの根には漢方の生薬の大黄を好適に用いることができる。大黄は緩下剤のため、ダイオウの根のアルコール抽出物を用いたアンモニア発生抑制剤は、食品以外の用途に用いることが望ましい。
【0016】
アンモニア発生抑制食品には、サメ肉、エイの肉その他の尿素を含む食品が適している。サメ肉の場合、肩ないし背肉を使用できる。
【0017】
アンモニア発生抑制食品を製造する際、食品にウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を浸透させる方法として、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含む水に食品を浸漬させる方法をとることができる。ハンペンなどの練製品を製造する場合、魚肉のさらし水にウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含む水を用いることによって、水さらしの際にアンモニア発生の抑制処理を行うことができ、これにより水さらし回数を減らし、歩留りを上げることができる。
【0018】
アンモニア発生抑制方法では、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を付着させる方法として、ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含む水に浸漬させる方法、その水を散布する方法、その水で洗う方法、抽出物を混合する方法などをとることができる。アンモニア発生抑制方法は、尿素を含む食品のほか、ペット用トイレ、幼児または成人用紙おむつなどに適用してもよい。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係るアンモニア発生抑制剤、アンモニア発生抑制食品、それらの製造方法およびアンモニア発生抑制方法によれば、従来の製品と異なる植物材料を用いて、サメ肉などに含まれる尿素からアンモニアが発生することをより効果的に抑制することができる。
【0020】
【試験例】
表1〜表3に示す植物材料について、抽出エキスのウレアーゼ阻害活性試験を行った。これらの植物材料のうち、黄耆、紅花、望江南、決明子、山茱萸、呉茱萸、竜胆、地骨皮、黄柏、夏枯草、葛根、大黄、虎耳草は、市販の生薬を用いた。コーヒーノキの果実は、市販のコーヒー豆を使用した。チャの葉は、市販の紅茶を使用した。ドクササコは、1990年10月に仙台市近郊で採取した。他の植物材料(イカリソウ、クロユリ、アジサイ、キショウブ、ルピナス、ヒガンバナ、ハクモクレン、オシロイバナ、コクサギ、シソ、ノイバラ、ヘンルーダ、エンジュ、ユキヤナギ、ヒメヒオウギズイセン、ケヤキ)は、すべて仙台市内で栽培されたものを用いた。各植物材料は、表1〜表3に示す使用部位、抽出溶媒によりエキスの抽出を行った。
【0021】
試薬類の調製は、以下のように行った。
(1)緩衝液……EDTA・2Na(200mg)をイオン交換水500mlに溶解して調製した。
(2)ウレアーゼ液……ウレアーゼ(和光純薬製、EC3.5.1.5.;210-00781; LEG7961、50mg)を緩衝液に溶解し、全量を500mlとした。
(3)フェノール試薬……フェノール(5.0g)およびニトプルシッド・Na(25mg)をイオン交換水に溶解し、全量を500mlとした。
(4)アルカリ性次亜塩素酸試薬……水酸化ナトリウム(2.5mg)をイオン交換水300mlに溶解させたものに、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液(有効塩素5%)6mlを添加し、イオン交換水を加えて全量500mlとした。
(5)尿素標準水溶液……保存標準液として尿素(6.43g)をイオン交換水に溶解して全量を100mlとした。この保存標準液を水で100倍に希釈し、使用標準液(30mgN/ml)とした。
(6)検体……前記植物材料の被験物質は、それぞれ4mlサンプル管に約10mgずつ正確に量りとり、溶媒(水−エタノール=1:1、400μl)を加えたものを検体とした。
【0022】
反応液には、試験管A、B、Cを用意し、Aを被験物質用、Bを比色定量用、Cをブランクとした。各試験管の内容は以下のとおりであり、いずれも全量を1000μlとした。
【0023】
A:尿素使用標準液(480μl)+ウレアーゼ液(500μl)+検体(20μl)、
B:尿素使用標準液(480μl)+ウレアーゼ液(500μl)+緩衝液(20μl)、
C:尿素使用標準液(480μl)+緩衝液(520μl)
【0024】
これらの反応液をインキュベータ(商品名「THERMO MINDER DX-10 」、タイテック株式会社製)により摂氏37度で15分間、酵素反応させた。
【0025】
酵素反応後、各試験管にフェノール試薬(1.0ml)を加えて撹拌し、次にアルカリ次亜塩素酸試薬(1.0ml)を加え、よく混合し、摂氏37度で15分間発色させた。発色後、イオン交換水(15ml)で希釈し、分光光度計(商品名「U−1100形分光光度計:日立製作所製)で比色定量(540nm)した。この際、まず、試験管C(ブランク)によってゼロ調整をした後、試験管Bの生成アンモニア量に対する試験管Aの生成アンモニアの抑制を観測した。
各種植物抽出エキスのウレアーゼ阻害活性試験結果を表1〜表3に示す。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0003661975
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0003661975
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0003661975
【0029】
表1〜表3に示すように、活性を調べた植物抽出エキスのうち、夏枯草、大黄、紅茶の3種の抽出物に著しいウレアーゼ阻害活性を有するものがあることを見出した。図1に、夏枯草の水抽出エキスのウレアーゼ阻害活性をグラフで示す。
【0030】
【実施例】
〔夏枯草の水抽出エキスの調製〕
夏枯草(ロット番号:9211017 、(有)椎野章商店製造)100gをガラス製の広口瓶に入れ、エタノール3リットルを加えて室温下静置した。7日後、綿栓ろ過によってエタノール抽出物を除き、残部に水道水3リットルを加えて室温下静置した。24時間後、綿栓ろ過によって夏枯草の水抽出物を得、これを2倍または4倍に水で希釈して使用した。
【0031】
〔ポジティブコントロールの調製〕
ポジティブコントロールとして、市販の天然脱臭消臭剤(商品名「ケスン30A」、以下、「市販消臭剤」という)を1%水溶液(水道水使用)に調製して使用した。
【0032】
〔サメ肉の調製〕
サメ肉は、1998年1月に気仙沼港に水揚げされたヨシキリザメ(並品)を用いた。使用部位は、肩〜背肉であった。サメ肉は、使用するまで冷凍庫に入れ、−20℃で保存した。サメ肉を100gずつに切り分け、そのままのもの(無処理サメ肉)、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬に1時間浸したもの(夏枯草前処理サメ肉)、市販消臭剤の1%水溶液に1時間浸したもの(市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉)を準備した。
【0033】
〔サメ肉フレークの調製〕
無処理サメ肉、夏枯草前処理サメ肉および市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉のそれぞれ100gずつブロック状になったもの1kgずつを、蒸煮器(商品名「SB−900型」、(株)ヒゲタ社製)で2時間加熱後、手でほぐし、フレーク状(それぞれ、無処理サメ肉フレーク、夏枯草前処理サメ肉フレーク、市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレーク)とした。フレークの収量は、1kgのサメ肉からいずれの場合も合計で約470gであった。こうして調製したフレークから100gずつ分取し、即時、各実験に用いた。
【0034】
〔乾燥サメ肉の調製〕
サメ肉(各100g)をそのままのもの(無処理サメ肉)、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬に1時間浸したもの(夏枯草前処理サメ肉)、市販消臭剤の1%水溶液に1時間浸したもの(市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉)を準備し、これらを冷風乾燥機((株)大晴設備工業社製)を用いて3日間乾燥させ、乾燥サメ肉(それぞれ、無処理乾燥サメ肉、夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉、市販消臭剤前処理乾燥サメ肉)とした。それら乾燥サメ肉の収量は、18〜20gであった。
【0035】
〔官能試験〕
官能試験は、3名で行った。被験体について、3名ともアンモニア臭を全く感じない場合には、〇、1〜3名がわずかなアンモニア臭を感じた場合には△、2名以上がはっきりとしたアンモニア臭を感じた場合には×と評価した。実際には、×と評価されたものは常に3名ともはっきりとしたアンモニア臭を感知した。
【0036】
〔無処理サメ肉フレークに対する脱臭効果試験〕
無処理サメ肉フレーク(各100g)に次の(a)〜(d)の処理を施したものを、密閉できる蓋付きのポリプロピレン製の容器(110×150×50mm)に入れて、30℃の恒温室に静置し、15、24および40時間後に蓋を開けて官能試験を実施した。
【0037】
(a)無処理サメ肉フレークに、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(b)無処理サメ肉フレークに、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で4倍希釈した試薬を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(c)無処理サメ肉フレークに市販消臭剤1%水溶液を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(d)無処理サメ肉フレークに水道水を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)(コントロール)。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003661975
【0039】
以上の試験の結果を表4に示す。表4に示すように、無処理サメ肉フレークに夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈したものを添加したもの(a)では、15時間後でも全くアンモニア臭がなく、24時間後には3名中1名がアンモニア臭を感じ、40時間後にははっきりとしたアンモニア臭を感じるようになった。これに対して、無処理サメ肉フレークに夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で4倍希釈したものを添加したもの(b)では、15時間後にわずかにアンモニア臭を感じた。無処理サメ肉フレークを市販消臭剤1%水溶液で処理したもの(c)も(a)と同様の効果であった。なお、コントロールとして、水道水を加えたもの(d)は15時間後にはすでに激しいアンモニア臭が発生していた。これらの結果から、夏枯草の水抽出エキスには、サメ肉フレークに対してアンモニア発生抑制効果があることが確認できる。
【0040】
〔前処理サメ肉フレークに対する脱臭効果試験〕
夏枯草前処理サメ肉フレークおよび市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレーク(各100g)に次の(e)〜(h)の処理を施したものを、密閉できる蓋付きのポリプロピレン製の容器(110×150×50mm)に入れて、30℃の恒温室に静置し、15、24および40時間後に蓋を開けて官能試験を実施した。
【0041】
(e)夏枯草前処理サメ肉フレークに、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(f)市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレークに、市販消臭剤1%水溶液を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(g)市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレークに水道水200mlを加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)。
(h)無処理サメ肉フレークに水道水を200ml加えて1時間放置後、水分を手で絞ったもの(約70gの成績体を得た)(コントロール)。
【0042】
【表5】
Figure 0003661975
【0043】
以上の試験の結果を表5に示す。表5に示すように、夏枯草前処理サメ肉フレークに夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈したものを添加したもの(e)では、24時間経過後でも全くアンモニア臭が感じられず40時間後に至ってわずかにアンモニア臭を感じるようになった。これに対して、市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレークを市販消臭剤1%水溶液で処理したもの(f)は15時間後には全くアンモニア臭がなかったが、24時間後にはわずかにアンモニア臭を感じ、40時間後にははっきりとしたアンモニア臭が感じられるようになった。市販消臭剤前処理サメ肉フレークを水で処理したもの(g)についても(f)と同様の効果であった。なお、コントロールとして、水道水を加えたもの(d)は15時間後にはすでに激しいアンモニア臭が発生していた。これらの結果から、市販消臭剤を添加したものに比べて、夏枯草を添加したものでは、前処理したものにさらに添加することにより、アンモニアの発生抑制効果が高められることがわかる。
【0044】
〔無処理または前処理乾燥サメ肉に対する脱臭効果試験〕
無処理乾燥サメ肉、夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉および市販消臭剤前処理乾燥サメ肉に(各18〜20g)に次の(i)〜(l)の処理を施したものを、密閉できる蓋付きのポリプロピレン製の容器(110×150×50mm)に入れて、30℃の恒温室に静置し、24、30、48、72および96時間後に蓋を開けて官能試験を実施した。
【0045】
(i)無処理乾燥サメ肉に、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬を200ml加えて浸したもの。
(j)無処理乾燥サメ肉に、市販消臭剤1%水溶液を200ml加えて浸したもの。
(k)無処理乾燥サメ肉に、水道水を200ml加えて浸したもの(コントロール)。
(l)夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉に、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬を200ml加えて浸したもの。
(m)市販消臭剤前処理乾燥サメ肉に、市販消臭剤1%水溶液を200ml加えて浸したもの。
(n)夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉に、水道水を200ml加えて浸したもの。
【0046】
【表6】
Figure 0003661975
【0047】
【表7】
Figure 0003661975
【0048】
以上の試験の結果を表6、表7に示す。表6は、無処理乾燥サメ肉の脱臭効果試験結果を示す。表6に示すように、無処理乾燥サメ肉を夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈したものに浸したもの(i)では、48時間経過後でもアンモニア臭を感じず、72時間経過後に3名中1名がアンモニア臭を感じるようになった。これに対して、無処理乾燥サメ肉を市販消臭剤1%水溶液に浸したもの(j)は、30時間後にはアンモニア臭が発現し、48時間後にははっきりとしたアンモニア臭が認められた。一方、無処理乾燥サメ肉を水道水に浸したもの(k)は24時間後にすでにアンモニア臭が感じられ、30時間後にはすでに激しいアンモニア臭が発生していた。
【0049】
表7は、前処理乾燥サメ肉の脱臭効果試験結果を示す。表7に示すように、夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉(l)および市販消臭剤前処理乾燥サメ肉(m)では、おおむね表6に示す無処理乾燥サメ肉と類似の結果を得たが、夏枯草前処理乾燥サメ肉に夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈した試薬を加えたもの(l)については、無処理乾燥サメ肉を使用した場合よりもさらに長時間、アンモニアの発生が抑制され、72時間後でもアンモニア臭が感じられず、96時間経過後にようやくわずかなアンモニア臭が認められた。なお、いずれの場合にも、乾燥サメ肉は、60〜70時間経過後、食用にできる程度の柔らかさとなった。この時点でのサメ肉の重量は、約50gであった。
【0050】
これらの結果から、乾燥サメ肉では、無処理の場合にも、夏枯草で前処理した場合にも、夏枯草の水抽出エキスを水道水で2倍希釈したものは、市販消臭剤1%水溶液よりすぐれたアンモニア発生抑制特性を示すことがわかる。また、乾燥サメ肉では、前処理したものにさらに夏枯草の水抽出エキスを添加することにより、アンモニアの発生抑制効果が高められることがわかる。
【0051】
以上のとおり、ウツボグサの花穂(夏枯草)の水抽出エキスを用いて、サメの肉に含まれる尿素からアンモニアが発生することを抑制することができ、サメ肉のタンパク源としての活用を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】夏枯草の水抽出エキスのウレアーゼ阻害活性を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ammonia generation inhibitor, an ammonia generation suppression food, a production method thereof, and an ammonia generation suppression method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fish such as sharks and rays contain a very large amount of urea in the body compared to other fish. Urea contained in meat such as sharks is decomposed by urease immediately after death to generate ammonia. For this reason, shark meat consumption is limited, and the habit of eating shark meat is also limited in some areas.
[0003]
If it is possible to suppress the generation of ammonia from urea contained in shark meat, shark meat may be used more as a protein source. In that case, the value of the product will increase, so not only the use of resources, but also dumping will be reduced, which will contribute to environmental conservation and thus contribute to industrial development.
[0004]
Among conventional commercial products, there are two types of deodorizing / deodorizing agents that can be used to suppress the generation of ammonia from shark meat. One deodorizing / deodorizing agent (trade name: “Kesun A”, distributor: Marumune (1-12-7 Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka City)) is made from a camellia plant extract. Deodorant (trade name: “Fujirak 30”, distributor: Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Specialty Drugs Division (3-4-6 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo)) is prepared from Yucca shidigera Containing the extracted yucca extract.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to an ammonia generation inhibitor, an ammonia generation suppression food, a production method thereof, and an ammonia generation suppression method capable of suppressing generation of ammonia from urea contained in shark meat and the like using plant materials different from conventional products The purpose is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have found that a water extract of peony flowers, an alcoholic extract of radish root, and a water extract of black tea have remarkable urease inhibitory activity by a urease inhibitory activity test of various plant extracts. .
[0007]
Therefore, the ammonia generation inhibitor according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains a water extract of the bud of peony.
[0008]
The ammonia generation-suppressing food according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains a water extract of the bud of peony.
[0009]
The method for producing an ammonia generation inhibitor according to the present invention is characterized in that a water extract is extracted with water from the buds of Nepenthes.
[0010]
The method for producing an ammonia generation-suppressing food according to the present invention is characterized in that a water extract of peony flower is infiltrated into the food. The food is, for example, a shark meat processed food. The shark meat processed food may be a sashimi just cut. Suitable foods include shark meat, ray meat and other foods containing urea.
[0011]
The ammonia generation suppression method according to the present invention is characterized in that a water extract of a flower of peony is attached.
[0012]
Aspens (Prunella vulgaris subsp. Asiatica) is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae and grows naturally throughout Japan. In the present invention, “pepper” includes related plants such as P. vulgaris var. Aleutica, which belongs to the same genus that grows naturally in the cold regions of East Asia, and related plants (P. vulgaris), which grows naturally in China.
[0013]
The dried summer hay can be suitably used for the pods. Summer hay has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, and even today, it is used as an anti-inflammatory diuretic, a necessary medicine used for flare and rumbling in Kampo. To date, no toxic or any undesirable effects have been reported for summer hay or its extract. The water extract of summer hay has a light brown color and is almost tasteless.
[0014]
In addition to the soluble inorganic salts such as potassium salt, the components of the weevil include triterpene glucosides such as ursolic acid triterpenes and prunellin or sterol glucosides such as prunellin. Glycosides are known.
[0015]
Daio is a rhododendron (Rheum palmatum), and Daikan, a herbal medicine of Chinese medicine, can be suitably used for the roots of Diou. Since Daio is a laxative, it is desirable to use an ammonia generation inhibitor using an alcoholic extract of dairy root for purposes other than food.
[0016]
As the food for suppressing ammonia generation, shark meat, ray meat and other foods containing urea are suitable. For shark meat, shoulder or back meat can be used.
[0017]
As a method for infiltrating the water extract of weeping buds into the food when producing the ammonia generation-suppressing food, a method of immersing the food in water containing the water extract of weeping buds can be taken. When manufacturing paste products such as hanpen, by using water that contains water extract of peony flowers in the exposed water of fish, it is possible to suppress the generation of ammonia during the exposure of water. You can reduce the number of times and increase the yield.
[0018]
In the ammonia generation suppression method, as a method of adhering the water extract of the peony flower, the method of immersing in the water containing the water extract of the peony flower, the method of spraying the water, the method of washing with the water, the extract The method of mixing etc. can be taken. The ammonia generation suppression method may be applied to pet toilets, infants or adult paper diapers in addition to foods containing urea.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the ammonia generation inhibitor, the ammonia generation suppression food, the production method thereof, and the ammonia generation suppression method according to the present invention, ammonia is generated from urea contained in shark meat or the like using plant materials different from conventional products. This can be suppressed more effectively.
[0020]
[Test example]
About the plant material shown in Table 1-Table 3, the urease inhibitory activity test of the extract was performed. Among these plant materials, commercially available herbal medicines were used for twilight, safflower, Noboru Minami, Seiko, Yam, Kure, Ryuge, husk, twilight, summer hay, kudzu, Daihuang, and tiger ear grass. Commercial coffee beans were used as coffee berries. Commercial tea was used for the tea leaves. Doxasaco was collected near Sendai City in October 1990. All other plant materials (such as Epimedium, Black Lily, Hydrangea, Pepper, Lupinas, Higanbana, Hakumoklen, Osiroybana, Gray Heron, Perilla, Neubara, Henruda, Enju, Yukiyanagi, Himeogizuisen, Keyaki) are all grown in Sendai. Was used. Each plant material extracted the extract with the use site | part and extraction solvent which are shown in Table 1-3.
[0021]
Reagents were prepared as follows.
(1) Buffer solution: Prepared by dissolving EDTA · 2Na (200 mg) in 500 ml of ion-exchanged water.
(2) Urease solution: Urease (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, EC3.5.1.5.; 210-00781; LEG7961, 50 mg) was dissolved in a buffer solution to make a total volume of 500 ml.
(3) Phenol reagent: Phenol (5.0 g) and nitoprusid Na (25 mg) were dissolved in ion-exchanged water to make a total volume of 500 ml.
(4) Alkaline hypochlorous acid reagent: 6 ml of sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution (effective chlorine 5%) is added to 300 ml of ion-exchange water dissolved in sodium hydroxide (2.5 mg) for ion exchange. Water was added to make a total volume of 500 ml.
(5) Urea standard aqueous solution: Urea (6.43 g) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water as a storage standard solution to make a total volume of 100 ml. This stock standard solution was diluted 100 times with water to obtain a working standard solution (30 mgN / ml).
(6) Specimen: Each test substance of the plant material was accurately weighed by about 10 mg each in a 4 ml sample tube and added with a solvent (water-ethanol = 1: 1, 400 μl).
[0022]
Test tubes A, B, and C were prepared as reaction solutions. A was used for a test substance, B was used for colorimetric determination, and C was a blank. The contents of each test tube were as follows, and the total amount was 1000 μl in all cases.
[0023]
A: Urea standard solution (480 μl) + urease solution (500 μl) + sample (20 μl),
B: Urea standard solution (480 μl) + urease solution (500 μl) + buffer (20 μl),
C: Urea standard solution (480 μl) + buffer (520 μl)
[0024]
These reaction solutions were subjected to an enzyme reaction at 37 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes using an incubator (trade name “THERMO MINDER DX-10”, manufactured by Taitec Corporation).
[0025]
After the enzyme reaction, phenol reagent (1.0 ml) was added to each test tube and stirred, then alkaline hypochlorous acid reagent (1.0 ml) was added, mixed well, and allowed to develop color at 37 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes. . After color development, it was diluted with ion-exchanged water (15 ml) and colorimetrically determined (540 nm) with a spectrophotometer (trade name “U-1100 type spectrophotometer: manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). After zero adjustment by blank), the suppression of the ammonia produced in test tube A relative to the amount of ammonia produced in test tube B was observed.
Tables 1 to 3 show the urease inhibitory activity test results of various plant extracts.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003661975
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003661975
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003661975
[0029]
As shown in Tables 1 to 3, it was found that among the plant extract extracts whose activity was examined, three extracts of summer hay, large yellow, and black tea had significant urease inhibitory activity. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the urease inhibitory activity of a water extract of summer hay.
[0030]
【Example】
[Preparation of water extract of summer hay]
100 g of summer hay (lot number: 9211017, manufactured by Akira Shiino Shoten) was placed in a glass jar, and 3 liters of ethanol was added and allowed to stand at room temperature. Seven days later, the ethanol extract was removed by cotton plug filtration, and 3 liters of tap water was added to the remainder, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature. After 24 hours, an aqueous extract of summer hay was obtained by cotton plug filtration, and this was used by diluting with water twice or four times.
[0031]
[Preparation of positive control]
As a positive control, a commercially available natural deodorant and deodorant (trade name “Kesun 30A”, hereinafter referred to as “commercial deodorant”) was prepared into a 1% aqueous solution (using tap water) and used.
[0032]
[Preparation of shark meat]
Shark meat was a blue shark (normal product) landed at Kesennuma Port in January 1998. The site of use was shoulder to back meat. Shark meat was placed in a freezer until use and stored at -20 ° C. Cut shark meat into 100g pieces, unprocessed (unprocessed shark meat), soaked in a reagent diluted with 2-fold diluted water extract of summer hay with tap water (summer hay pre-treated shark meat), What was immersed in the 1% aqueous solution of a odorant for 1 hour (commercial deodorant pre-treated shark meat) was prepared.
[0033]
[Preparation of shark flakes]
1kg each of untreated shark meat, summer hay pre-treated shark meat and commercial deodorant pre-treated shark meat in the form of a block was placed in a steamer (trade name “SB-900 type”, Higeta Co., Ltd.) After heating for 2 hours, they were loosened by hand to obtain flakes (untreated shark meat flakes, summer hay pretreated shark flakes, and commercial deodorant pretreated shark meat flakes). The total yield of flakes was about 470 g from 1 kg shark meat in each case. From the flakes thus prepared, 100 g was taken and immediately used for each experiment.
[0034]
[Preparation of dried shark meat]
Shark meat (100 g each) as it is (untreated shark meat), summer hay water extract extracted by doubling in tap water for 1 hour (summer hay pre-treated shark meat), commercial deodorant Prepared by soaking in a 1% aqueous solution of the agent (commercially deodorant pretreated shark meat), dried for 3 days using a cold air dryer (manufactured by Daiharu Equipment Co., Ltd.), and dried. Shark meat (untreated dry shark meat, summer hay pretreated dried shark meat, and commercial deodorant pretreated dried shark meat, respectively) was used. The yield of the dried shark meat was 18-20 g.
[0035]
[Sensory test]
The sensory test was conducted by three people. When all three subjects did not feel ammonia odor at all, ◯, when 1-3 people felt slight ammonia odor, when two or more people felt clear ammonia odor Was evaluated as x. In fact, those rated as x always sensed a clear ammonia odor.
[0036]
[Deodorization test for untreated shark flakes]
Untreated shark meat flakes (100 g each), which have been subjected to the following treatments (a) to (d), are put in a polypropylene container (110 × 150 × 50 mm) with a lid that can be sealed, and heated at 30 ° C. The sensory test was carried out by leaving it in a thermostatic chamber and opening the lid after 15, 24 and 40 hours.
[0037]
(A) Untreated shark meat flakes, 200 ml of a reagent obtained by diluting a water extract of summer hay with double tap water was added and left for 1 hour, after which the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained) ).
(B) 200 ml of a reagent obtained by diluting the extract of summer haygrass 4 times with tap water was added to untreated shark meat flakes, left for 1 hour, and then squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained) ).
(C) 200 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant was added to untreated shark meat flakes and left for 1 hour, after which the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained).
(D) 200 ml of tap water was added to untreated shark flakes and left for 1 hour, after which the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained) (control).
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003661975
[0039]
The results of the above test are shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 4, in the case of adding undiluted shark flake water extract extracted twice with tap water to tap water (a), there was no ammonia odor even after 15 hours, and 24 hours later One of the three felt an odor of ammonia, and after 40 hours, the odor of ammonia became clear. On the other hand, in the case of the untreated shark meat flakes added with 4 times diluted water extract of summer hay with tap water (b), a slight odor of ammonia was felt after 15 hours. The effect (c) of treating untreated shark flakes with a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant was the same as (a). As a control, the sample (d) to which tap water was added had already had a strong ammonia odor after 15 hours. From these results, it can be confirmed that the water extract of summer hay has an effect of suppressing ammonia generation on shark meat flakes.
[0040]
[Deodorization test for pre-treated shark flakes]
A container made of polypropylene with a lid (110) that can be sealed after summer hay pretreated shark meat flakes and commercial deodorant pretreated shark meat flakes (100 g each) subjected to the following treatments (e) to (h): × 150 × 50 mm), left still in a thermostatic chamber at 30 ° C., and the sensory test was conducted after 15, 24 and 40 hours by opening the lid.
[0041]
(E) Summer hay pre-treated shark meat flakes, 200 ml of a reagent obtained by diluting the water extract of summer hay twice with tap water was added and left for 1 hour, after which the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g Obtained).
(F) Commercial deodorant pre-treated shark meat flakes were added with 200 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant and allowed to stand for 1 hour, after which the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained).
(G) 200 ml of tap water was added to commercially available deodorant shark meat flakes and allowed to stand for 1 hour, and then the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained).
(H) After adding 200 ml of tap water to untreated shark meat flakes and leaving it to stand for 1 hour, the water was squeezed by hand (about 70 g of the resulting product was obtained) (control)
[0042]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003661975
[0043]
The results of the above test are shown in Table 5. As shown in Table 5, in the case of the summer hay pre-treated shark flakes with the addition of the water extract of summer hay twice diluted with tap water (e), the odor of ammonia is felt even after 24 hours. After 40 hours, a slight ammonia odor was felt. In contrast, the commercial deodorant pretreated shark meat flakes treated with a 1% aqueous solution of commercial deodorant (f) had no ammonia odor after 15 hours, but slightly ammonia odor after 24 hours. After 40 hours, a clear ammonia odor came to be felt. It was the same effect as (f) also about the thing (g) which processed commercial deodorant shark meat flakes with water. As a control, the sample (d) to which tap water was added had already had a strong ammonia odor after 15 hours. From these results, it can be seen that the effect of suppressing the generation of ammonia can be enhanced by adding the summer hay to the pretreated one as compared with the one to which the commercially available deodorant is added.
[0044]
[Deodorization effect test on untreated or pretreated dried shark meat]
Untreated dried shark meat, summer hay pretreated dried shark meat and commercially available deodorant pretreated dried shark meat (18-20 g each) subjected to the following treatments (i) to (l) can be sealed. It put in the container (110x150x50mm) made from a polypropylene with a lid, left still in a 30 degreeC thermostat, and opened the lid | cover after 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and the sensory test was implemented.
[0045]
(I) Untreated dry shark meat that has been soaked with 200 ml of a reagent obtained by diluting a water extract of summer hay with double tap water.
(J) Untreated dry shark meat that was soaked with 200 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant.
(K) Untreated dry shark meat with 200 ml of tap water soaked (control).
(L) Summer hay pretreatment Dried shark meat is soaked with 200 ml of a reagent obtained by diluting the water extract of summer hay twice with tap water.
(M) Commercial deodorant pre-treated dried shark meat, soaked with 200 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant.
(N) Summer hay pre-treated dried shark meat, soaked with 200 ml of tap water.
[0046]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003661975
[0047]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003661975
[0048]
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 6 and 7. Table 6 shows the deodorizing effect test results of the untreated dried shark meat. As shown in Table 6, in the case where the untreated dried shark meat was soaked in a solution obtained by diluting the water extract of summer hay twice with tap water (i), the odor of ammonia was not felt even after 48 hours, and 72 hours One person out of three felt an odor of ammonia after the lapse. On the other hand, when the untreated dry shark meat was immersed in a 1% aqueous solution of a commercial deodorant (j), an ammonia odor developed after 30 hours and a clear ammonia odor was observed after 48 hours. . On the other hand, the untreated dry shark meat dipped in tap water (k) already had an ammonia odor after 24 hours, and already had a strong ammonia odor after 30 hours.
[0049]
Table 7 shows the deodorizing effect test results of the pretreated dried shark meat. As shown in Table 7, the summer hay pretreated dried shark meat (l) and the commercial deodorant pretreated dried shark meat (m) obtained results similar to the untreated dried shark meat shown in Table 6 in general. In the case of (1), which is obtained by adding a reagent obtained by diluting the extract of summer hay water twice with tap water to the pre-treated dry shark meat of summer hay, ammonia is used for a longer time than when untreated dry shark meat is used. Generation was suppressed, and no ammonia odor was felt even after 72 hours, and a slight ammonia odor was finally observed after 96 hours. In either case, the dried shark meat became soft enough to be edible after 60 to 70 hours. The weight of shark meat at this time was about 50 g.
[0050]
From these results, dried shark meat was diluted with tap water twice a day from the water extract of summer hay, whether it was untreated or pretreated with summer hay. It can be seen that the ammonia generation suppressing property is superior to that of the aqueous solution. Moreover, in dry shark meat, it turns out that the generation | occurrence | production suppression effect of ammonia is heightened by adding the water extract of summer hay to the pre-processed thing.
[0051]
As described above, using the water extract of Nematode humus (summer hay), it is possible to suppress the generation of ammonia from urea contained in shark meat, and to use it as a protein source for shark meat Can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing urease inhibitory activity of a water extract of summer hay.

Claims (6)

ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含むことを特徴とするアンモニア発生抑制剤。  An ammonia generation inhibitor characterized by containing a water extract of peony flower. ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を含むことを特徴とするアンモニア発生抑制食品。  A food for suppressing ammonia generation, characterized by containing a water extract of a spike of peony. ウツボグサの花穂から水抽出物を水で抽出することを特徴とするアンモニア発生抑制剤の製造方法。  A method for producing an ammonia generation inhibitor, characterized in that a water extract is extracted with water from a spike of peony. 食品にウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を浸透させることを特徴とするアンモニア発生抑制食品の製造方法。  A method for producing an ammonia-suppressing food, which comprises impregnating a food with a water extract of a weevil. 前記食品はサメ肉加工食品であることを特徴とする請求項4記載のアンモニア発生抑制食品の製造方法。  The method for producing a food for suppressing ammonia generation according to claim 4, wherein the food is a shark meat processed food. ウツボグサの花穂の水抽出物を付着させることを特徴とするアンモニア発生抑制方法。  A method for suppressing ammonia generation, characterized by adhering a water extract of peony flower.
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JPS55150878A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-25 Ichiro Ema Deodorization of shark meat
JP2816506B2 (en) * 1991-09-09 1998-10-27 青葉化成株式会社 Shark meat processing method
ZA935171B (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-03-02 Nestle Sa An anti-urease cosmetic or dermatological composition
JPH0747108A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-02-21 Nippon Flour Mills Co Ltd Urease inhibitor and deodorant
JPH0819595A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-23 Maruzen Pharmaceut Co Ltd Agent for preventing generation of ammonia
JPH10175877A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-30 Ota Isan:Kk Urease activity inhibitor of helicobacter pyrroli
JP2000154145A (en) * 1998-11-19 2000-06-06 Matsuura Yakugyo Kk Urease inhibitor

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