JP3659416B2

JP3659416B2 - Hydroponics cultivation bed

Info

Publication number: JP3659416B2
Application number: JP2002204466A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 裕行岡本; 昌樹田中; 慶治柏葉; 和代佐藤; 昌之城田; 清治石田; 雅夫井上; 秀一山崎; 博章樫山
Original assignee: Asahi Breweries Ltd; Shin Nippon Air Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Asahi Breweries Ltd; Shin Nippon Air Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-12
Filing date: 2002-07-12
Publication date: 2005-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-12
Also published as: JP2004041110A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、作物を定植させる培地を収容する栽培ベッドに関し、特に、培地に養液を供給することで作物を栽培する養液栽培で好適に用いられる養液栽培用栽培ベッドに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、土壌の代わりに固形培地や液体培地に根を張らせ、必要な養分を含んだ水（養液）を供給することで植物を栽培する養液栽培方法が普及しつつある。この養液栽培方法は、土壌から感染する植物病害を抑制できるとともに、連作障害の回避、或いは肥培管理が容易となるなどの様々な利点を有している。
【０００３】
このような養液栽培方法では、作物を定植させる培地を収容するための栽培ベッドが用いられており、例えば、特許第２８８６５２９号公報で開示されているように、発泡スチロールなどの樹脂材料を用いて凹型又はＵ型に一体成形されたものが広く適用されている（第一従来例）。
ところが、上述の第一従来例で示した栽培ベッドにおいては、発泡スチロールなどの樹脂材料から構成されているため、養液や水が過剰に供給されると排水できないため、作物の根腐れや微生物の繁殖を誘因し、作物の生育を阻害してしまうという問題があった。
【０００４】
この問題を解決するために、例えば、特開平４−３０７３１号公報や特開平２−１６３０１４号公報において、発泡スチロールなどの樹脂材料を用いて凹型又はＵ型に形成された栽培ベッドの底面部に傾斜を形成したり、底面部に排水溝を設けたりすることで、廃液を排出しようとする手段が提案されている（第二従来例）。
【０００５】
【発明の解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、第一の従来例で示した栽培ベッドにおいては、成形工場などで凹型或いはＵ型に一体成形しなければならないため、コストが増大してしまうという不具合があった。
また、この栽培ベッドを積み重ねて搬送する場合、一体成形によって形成されているため占有面積が広く、搬送効率が良好ではないという不具合があった。
【０００６】
さらに、栽培ベッドの一部に破損が生じた場合、この栽培ベッド全体を交換する必要があり、作業効率が不良であるとともに、コストが増大してしまうという不具合があった。
一方、第二の従来例で示した栽培ベッドにおいては、廃液を回収するための内部構造を有しているため、特殊成形によって形成しなければならず、コストが増大してしまうという不具合があった。
【０００７】
また、栽培ベッドの内部構造が複雑なため、栽培ベッド内部の洗浄が非常に煩わしいという不具合もあった。
そこで、本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、簡易な構造を有し、取り扱い性及び搬送性に優れた養液栽培用栽培ベッドを安価で提供することを課題としている。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような課題を解決するために、本発明に係る請求項１に記載の溶液栽培用ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
【０００９】
本発明に係る請求項２に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、前記底面部材の下面に配置される本体部と、当該本体部の短手方向両端から立ち上がる側壁部と、を備えた受け皿の上に組み立てられており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
【００１０】
本発明に係る請求項３に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、支持材によって箱形に支持されており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
本発明に係る請求項４に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、前記底面部材の下面に配置される本体部と、当該本体部の短手方向両端から立ち上がる側壁部と、を備えた受け皿の上に組み立てられており、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、支持材によって箱形に支持されており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
【００１１】
本発明に係る請求項５に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管は、前記培地との接触面に廃液回収孔が形成され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
本発明に係る請求項６に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、前記底面部材の下面に配置される本体部と、当該本体部の短手方向両端から立ち上がる側壁部と、を備えた受け皿の上に組み立てられており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管は、前記培地との接触面に廃液回収孔が形成され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
【００１２】
本発明に係る請求項７に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、支持材によって箱形に支持されており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管は、前記培地との接触面に廃液回収孔が形成され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
本発明に係る請求項８に記載の養液栽培用栽培ベッドは、作物を定植させる培地を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッドであって、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成され、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、前記底面部材の下面に配置される本体部と、当該本体部の短手方向両端から立ち上がる側壁部と、を備えた受け皿の上に組み立てられて、前記底面部材、前記側面部材、及び前記端面部材が、支持材によって箱形に支持されており、前記底面部材の上面に、前記培地から廃液を回収可能とする廃液回収管が配設されているとともに、当該廃液回収管の上面に、前記培地が収容され、前記廃液回収管は、前記培地との接触面に廃液回収孔が形成され、前記廃液回収管と前記側面部材との間に、間隙部材が介挿され、前記間隙部材は、前記側面部材との接触面から前記底面部材に向かって傾斜が形成されていることを特徴としている。
【００１６】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成したことによって、従来のような一体成形品と比べて簡易な構造であるため、栽培ベッドの製造にかかるコストを大幅に低減させることが可能となる。
【００１７】
また、別体で構成された底面部材、側面部材、及び端面部材を備え、現場で組み立てて箱形に構成するようにしたことによって、搬送性を大幅に向上させるとともに、様々な寸法・形態を有する現場に対応した栽培ベッドを形成することが可能となる。
さらに、底面部材、側面部材、或いは端面部材の一部に破損が生じた際に、従来のように栽培ベッド全体を交換・補修するのではなく、破損が生じた最小限の部材のみを交換・補修することができる。よって、補修作業にかかる作業効率及びコストを大幅に削減することが可能となる。
【００１８】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、底面部材、側面部材、及び端面部材が、底面部材の下面に配置される本体部と、当該本体部の短手方向両端から立ち上がる側壁部と、を備えた受け皿の上に組み立てられていることによって、それぞれの部材を接着しなくても、箱形に形成することが可能となる。よって、栽培ベッドの組み立てにかかる作業効率を向上させることが可能となる。
【００１９】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、底面部材、側面部材、及び端面部材を、支持材によって箱形に支持したことによって、栽培ベッド内部に収容する培地の自重に耐え、栽培ベッドを箱形に支持することが可能となる。また、この支持材によって、養液栽培用栽培ベッドの高さ位置及び勾配を容易且つ確実に変えることが可能となる。
【００２０】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、養液栽培用栽培ベッドを構成する底面部材の上面に廃液回収管を配設したことによって、栽培ベッド自体の構造をより簡易なものにすることができるため、栽培ベッドの製造に要するコストを大幅に削減できるとともに、栽培ベッド内の洗浄を容易に行うことが可能となる。
【００２１】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、廃液回収管において、培地との接触面に廃液回収孔を形成したことによって、培地から排出される廃液を容易に回収可能となるため、根腐れや微生物の発生を抑制し、作物を効率よく栽培することが可能となる。また、この廃液回収孔の個数、孔径、或いは廃液回収管の直径を変えることで、簡単に排出量を調整できるため、培地内の給排水の調整を容易に行うことが可能となる。
【００２２】
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、廃液回収管と側面部材との間に間隙部材を介挿したことによって、廃液回収管を養液栽培用栽培ベッドの中心部に位置合わせをすることが可能となるため、効果的に廃液を回収することが可能となる。
本発明に係る養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、間隙部材における側面部材との接触面から底面部材に向かう傾斜を形成したことによって、培地から排出される廃液が廃液回収管に向かって落下するようになるため、より効果的に廃液を回収することが可能となる。
【００２７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
図１は、本発明における養液栽培用栽培ベッドの一構成例を示し、（ａ）は斜視図、（ｂ）は底面図である。図２は、図１における養液栽培用栽培ベッドのＡ−Ａ線に沿った断面図である。
【００２８】
本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０は、図１及び図２に示すように、別体から構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材１と、この底面部材１の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材２と、底面部材１の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材３とが、受け皿４の上に組み立てられて細長い箱形に構成されている。ここで、本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０は、３つの底面部材１と、６つの側面部材２と、２つの端面部材３とから構成した例について説明する。
【００２９】
この養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０は、箱形の縦方向（図１におけるＸ方向）、横方向（図１におけるＹ方向）、奥行き方向（図１におけるＺ方向）にそれぞれ架け渡した複数の支持材２０で組み立てられた架台上に、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の全体が長手方向に１／１００程度の勾配を有するように載置されている。この架台を支える支持材２０は、その位置を変えることで養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の高さ位置及び勾配を変更可能であるとともに、この養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を構成する側面部材２を箱形に保持するための機能を有している。
【００３０】
ここで、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３の形状は、少なくとも箱形の養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を形成可能であれば特に限定されないが、搬送性、加工性、及びコストなどを考慮して、平板状で略矩形状であることが好ましい。なお、厚みや形状は、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３で同一厚みとしてもよいし、異なる厚みとしてもよい。
【００３１】
また、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３を構成する材料は、少なくとも養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０内部に収容された培地３０を支持する強度があれば特に限定されず、例えば、木材、金属材、樹脂材などを用いることができる。特に、断熱性、搬送性、加工性、及びコストなどを考慮して、発泡スチロールを用いることが好ましい。なお、底面部材１、側面部材２、端面部材３は同一の材料で構成してもよいし、異なる材料で構成してもよいが、コストや加工性などを考慮して、同一の材料から構成することが好ましい。
【００３２】
受け皿４は、平板状の本体部４ａと、この本体部４ａの短手方向（図１（ｂ）における上下方向）両端から立ち上がる一対の側壁部４ｂと、から構成されている。この受け皿４を構成する材料は、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０に収容された培地３０を支持する強度があれば、特に限定されず、例えば、鉄やアルミニウムなどのプレスした金属板が挙げられる。
【００３３】
支持材２０は、特に限定されないが、例えば、木材、金属材、樹脂材などの棒状素材などが挙げられる。この支持材２０を縦方向、横方向、奥行き方向に架け渡して組み立てる場合の支持材２０間の接合方法は、その支持材２０を構成する材料によって異なるが、例えば、溶接によって接合してもよいし、紐やジョイント部材などを用いて接合してもよい。
【００３４】
この養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０には、作物を定植するための培地３０が収容されるとともに、この培地３０の下面には、培地３０からの廃液を回収する廃液回収管４０と、培地３０の温度を調節する温調用パイプ（温度調節手段）５０とが具備されている。また、培地３０の上面には、培地３０へ養液を供給する養液供給管６０が具備されている。さらに、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０には、その内面全体を被覆する防水シート７０が、廃液回収管４０の下面を通って敷設されているとともに、この防水シート７０の上面には、透水性の防根シート８０が、廃液回収管４０の上面を通って敷設されている。
【００３５】
培地３０は、養液栽培用栽培ベッド内に収容した下層培地３０Ａと、この下層培地３０Ａの上面に載置したブロック状の複数の上層培地３０Ｂとから構成されている。ここで、上層培地３０Ｂは、既に別の培地で苗として生育させた植物を、培地毎移動してきて載置したものである。
下層培地３０Ａは、上層培地３０Ｂとして用いる材料よりも排水性の高い多孔質素材を用いることが好ましく、例えば、セルロースを主体とする植物性残渣炭化物などが挙げられる。この植物性残渣炭化物としては、オガクズを原料とするオガ炭や、ビール粕を原料とするビール粕成形炭などが挙げられる。特に、ビール粕成形炭は、たんぱく質やミネラル（ＮやＰなど）を豊富に含んだ大麦の穀皮であるビール粕を成形・炭化したものであり、作物の生育に必要なミネラル分が豊富に含まれているとともに、水はけがよいため、給排水の調整が必要とされる養液栽培用培地としてより好ましい。
【００３６】
上層培地３０Ｂは、ミネラル分を含まない無機質の保水性素材を用いることが好ましく、例えば、ロックウールやウレタンなどの材料が好適に用いられる。
廃液回収管４０は、例えば、外周面にわたって複数の孔を有する塩化ビニル製の円筒などから構成され、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向（図１（ａ）における奥行き方向）に延在するように、底面部材１の上面に配設されている。この廃液回収管４０において、培地３０と接する部分の孔は、過剰な養液を回収可能な複数の廃液回収孔４０ａとして機能している。また、廃液回収管４０と側面部材２との間には間隙部材５が介挿されており、廃液回収管４０が養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向中心部に配置させている。さらに、廃液回収管４０の下流側には、廃液を回収する外部タンク（図示せず）が接続されており、この外部タンクと廃液回収管４０とは、廃液回収管４０の下流側に位置する端面部材３を貫通して配設された配管４１を介して接続されている。
【００３７】
間隙部材５は、例えば、上述した底面部材１、側面部材２、或いは端面部材３と同様の材料からなる平板などから構成され、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に延在するように、廃液回収管４０と側面部材２との隙間に介挿されている。また、この間隙部材５は、培地３０から排出される廃液を効率よく廃液回収管４０に回収するために、側面部材２との接触面から底面部材１に向かう傾斜面５ａが形成されており、この傾斜角θは４５°以上９０°以下の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【００３８】
温調用パイプ５０は、廃液回収管４０と培地３０との間に、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に延在するように配設されており、培地３０の温度を調節するようになっている。なお、温調用パイプ５０の形状は、これに限らず、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に二本配設し、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の末端で折り返すことにより、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の全長にわたる放熱量を均一にするようにしてもよい。
【００３９】
また、養液供給管６０は、例えば、等間隔に複数の養液供給口が設けられた配管などから構成され、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に延在するように、上層培地３０Ｂが載置されていない下層培地３０Ａの上面に配設されている。この養液供給管６０の一端には、養液や水分が貯留された養液タンク（図示せず）が接続されており、この養液タンクから供給される養液や水分を養液供給口から培地３０に供給するようになっている。
【００４０】
防水シート７０は、防水性を有し、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を構成する底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３への水分の漏出を防止できる素材であれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、塩化ビニルなどの材料が挙げられる。
防根シート８０は、透水性を有し、廃液回収管４０の廃液回収孔４０ａへの根の侵入を抑制可能とする素材であれば、特に限定されない。具体的には、ポリアミド系、ポリエステル系、ポリオレフィン系（ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなど）、或いはアクリロニトリル系繊維などが挙げられる。
【００４１】
次に、本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の組み立て方法の一例について説明する。
まず、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の寸法に形成された受け皿４の側壁部４ｂに、二枚の側面部材２を対向するように立てた状態で押さえておく。
次いで、別の作業者が、受け皿４の本体部４ａにおける二枚の側面部材２間に、一枚の底面部材１を上面から押し込むことで、底面部材１と側面部材２とを組み立てる。
【００４２】
続いて、既に配置した底面部材１及び側面部２と接するように、順次側面部材２と底面部材１とを受け皿４上に組み立てていく。
そして、最後に、受け皿４の長手方向両端面に、それぞれの側面部材２と接するように、一対の端面部材３を立てた状態で押さえておく。そして、全ての側面部材２及び端面部材３と接するように、縦方向、横方向、奥行き方向の支持材２０を組んで接合して養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を箱形に完成させる。このとき、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０は、培地３０から回収される廃液を、外部に設けた外部タンクに回収可能とするために、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に勾配を有するように、支持材２０で支持するようにする。
【００４３】
なお、本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０は、受け皿４の上に底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３を組み立て、その側面部材２及び端面部材３を支持材２０によって箱形に支持するようにしたが、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３を組み合わせて箱形に構成するのであればこれに限らない。例えば、接着剤やシールなどによって底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３を接続して箱形に形成してもよいし、ねじやくぎなどの結合部材を用いて箱形に形成するようにしてもよい。このとき、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３が培地３０を支持可能な強度を有するように接続できるのであれば、受け皿４を配設しないで構成するようにしてもかまわない。
【００４４】
次いで、この養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の内部に、廃液回収管４０の位置あわせをするための一対の間隙部材５を、それぞれ側面部材２と接するように配設する。このとき、間隙部材５の傾斜面５ａは、その傾斜が側面部材２との接触面から底面部材１に向かうように上面に位置した状態で配設する。
次いで、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の内面全体を被覆するように、防水シート７０を敷設する。
【００４５】
次いで、この間隙部材５の間に、廃液回収管４０を配設するとともに、廃液回収管４０の下流側に位置する端面部材３に開口部（図示せず）を形成し、この開口部に外部タンクと接続させる配管４１を配設する。なお、この開口部は、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を組み立てる途中で端面部材３に形成するようにしてもよいが、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を組み立てる前に予め端面部材３に開口部を形成しておき、この端面部材３を用いて養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を組み立てるようにしてもかまわない。
【００４６】
次いで、廃液回収管４０及び間隙部材５の上面に、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の内部を被覆する防根シート８０で敷設する。
次いで、防根シート８０を介して、廃液回収管４０の上面に温調パイプ５０を配設した後、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０内部に下層培地３０Ａを埋め込む。ここで、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０内に収容する下層培地３０Ａの量は、栽培する作物種によって異なるが、例えば、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の高さ寸法の３０〜６０％となる量を収容することが望ましい。
【００４７】
次いで、下層培地３０Ａの上面を平らにならした後、この下層培地３０Ａの上面に、別の培地で既に苗が生育された複数の上層培地３０Ｂを養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に沿って直線状に載置する。このとき、各上層培地３０Ｂ間は、それぞれ所定間隔を空けて載置するようにしてもよいし、間隙を空けずに載置するようにしてもよい。
【００４８】
次いで、上層培地３０Ｂが載置されていない下層培地３０Ａの上面に、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の長手方向に延在するように、養液供給管６０を配設する。このように、本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０によれば、作物を定植させる培地３０を収容する養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３とを別々に具備し、これらを組み合わせることで構成したことによって、従来のような一体成形品と比べて簡易な構造となるため、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の製造にかかるコストを大幅に低減させることが可能となる。
【００４９】
また、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３とを別々に具備し、現場で組み合わせるようにしたことによって、搬送性を大幅に向上させるとともに、様々な寸法・形態を有する現場に対応した養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０を形成することが可能となる。このとき、底面部材１、側面部材２、及び端面部材３とを受け皿４上に組み立て、支持材２０で支持するようにしたことで、それぞれの部材を容易に箱形に組み立てることができるとともに、それぞれの部材間を接着する作業が不要となる。このため、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の組み立てにかかる作業効率を大幅に向上させることが可能となる。
【００５０】
さらに、底面部材１、側面部材２、或いは端面部材３の一部に破損が生じた際に、従来のように養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０全体を交換・補修するのではなく、破損が生じた最小限の部材のみを交換・補修することができる。よって、補修作業にかかる作業効率及びコストを大幅に削減することが可能となる。
さらに、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０から排出される廃液を回収する廃液回収管４０を養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０とは別個に形成したことによって、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０の製造にかかるコストを削減するとともに、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０内の洗浄を容易に行うことが可能となる。
〔第二実施形態〕
図３は、本発明の養液栽培用栽培ベッドの他の構成例を示す斜視図である。図４は、図３における養液栽培用栽培ベッドのＢ−Ｂ線に沿った断面図である。
【００５１】
本実施形態の養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａは、図３及び図４に示すように、第一実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０において、廃液回収管４０から外部タンク（図示せず）へ廃液を排出する配管４１の構成が異なるものである。
すなわち、本実施形態における配管４１は、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａを構成する底面部材１及び受け皿４の本体部４ａに廃液回収管４０と外部タンクとを連通させる開口部が形成されており、この開口部に、廃液回収管４０と外部タンクとを接続する配管４１が配設されている。
【００５２】
次に、本実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａの組み立て方法について説明する。
まず、第一実施形態と同様の手順で、受け皿４の上面に、底面部材１と側面部材２とを組み立てる。このとき、受け皿４と底面部材１には、既に配管４１を貫通させる開口部が形成されているものを組み立てる。また、受け皿４と底面部材１とを隙間が空くように設置しておき、開口部を形成することもできる。
【００５３】
次いで、第一実施形態と同様の手順で、底面部材１の長手方向両端に、それぞれ側面部材２と接するように一対の間隙部材５を配設する。
次いで、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａの内面全体を被覆するように、防水シート７０を敷設する。そして、受け皿４の下面から、外部タンクに接続される配管４１と連結されたソケット４２を底面部材１の開口部に立ち上げ、防水シート７０の上部より固定リング７１をソケット４２に防水シート７０とともに嵌合させた後、防水シート７０のソケット４２の閉塞する部分を切り取り開口する。その後、廃液回収管４０を一対の間隙部材５の間に配設することで、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａを完成させる。
【００５４】
このように、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａから排出される廃液を、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ａの底面から垂直に延びる配管４１を介して排出するようにすることによって、第一実施形態の養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０のようにベッド本体に微妙な傾斜を形成することなく配設することが可能となる。
〔第三実施形態〕
図５は、本発明の養液栽培用栽培ベッドの他の構成例を示す断面図である。
【００５５】
本実施形態の養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ｂは、第一実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０において、培地３０の構成のみが異なるものである。
すなわち、本実施形態における下層培地３０Ａは、図５に示すように、排水性の高い多孔質素材からなる第一下層培地３１と、この上面に積層され、保水性素材からなる第二下層培地３２との二層構造としている。
【００５６】
ここで、第一下層培地３１を構成する多孔質素材や、第二下層培地３２を構成する保水性素材は、第一実施形態で示したものと同様の材料を用いることができる。
このように、養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０Ｂ内に収容される下層培地３０Ａとして、排水性の高い多孔質素材からなる第一下層培地３１の上面に、保水性素材からなる第二下層培地３２を積層したことによって、第一下層培地３１の表面乾燥を抑制することが可能となる。よって、培地３０の保水性をより向上させることができ、養液栽培を効果的に行うことが可能となる。
【００５７】
なお、上述した第一乃至第三の実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０、１０Ａ、１０Ｂは、複数の底面部材１と、複数の側面部材２とを縦方向に並べて組み立てることで、細長い箱形の構造としているが、少なくとも底面部材１と側面部材２とを組み立てて構成するのであればこれに限らない。例えば、養液栽培用栽培ベッドの寸法に応じた一つの底面部材１と二つの側面部材２と、二つの端面部材３とを組み合わせて箱形に構成するようにしてもよい。しかし、搬送性、作業性、コストを考慮した場合、底面部材１及び側面部材２は、複数で構成することが好ましい。
【００５８】
また、上述した第一乃至第三の実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０、１０Ａ、１０Ｂに収容した培地３０は、これに限らず、例えば、下層培地３０Ａ或いは第一下層培地３１として適用した多孔質素材のみで構成するようにしてもよい。
さらに、上述した第一乃至第三の実施形態における養液栽培用栽培ベッド１０、１０Ａ、１０Ｂの受け皿４は、底面部材１の下面に配置される本体部４ａと、この本体部４ａの短手方向両端から立ち上がり側面部材２を支持する側壁部４ｂと、から構成したが、これに限らず、本体部４ａ及び側壁部４ｂ以外に、本体部４ａの長手方向両端から立ち上がり端面部材３を支持する側壁部が形成されていてもかまわない。
【００５９】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の養液栽培用栽培ベッドによれば、別体で構成された、長手方向に延びる底面部材と、当該底面部材の長手方向に直交する短手方向両端から立ち上がる側面部材と、前記底面部材の長手方向両端から立ち上がる端面部材とを組み立てて箱形に構成したことによって、栽培ベッドの製造及び補修にかかるコストを大幅に低減させるとともに、取り扱い性及び搬送性を向上させることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明における養液栽培用栽培ベッドの一構成例を示し、（ａ）は斜視図、（ｂ）は底面図である。
【図２】図１における養液栽培用栽培ベッドのＡ−Ａ線に沿った断面図である。
【図３】本発明における養液栽培用栽培ベッドの他の構成例を示す斜視図である。
【図４】図３における養液栽培用栽培ベッドのＢ−Ｂ線に沿った断面図である。
【図５】本発明における養液栽培用栽培ベッドの他の構成例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１底面部材
２側面部材
３端面部材
４受け皿
４ａ本体部
４ｂ側壁部
５間隙部材
５ａ傾斜面
１０養液栽培用栽培ベッド
２０支持材
３０培地
３０Ａ下層培地
３０Ｂ上層培地
３１第一の下層培地
３２第二の下層培地
４０廃液回収管
４０ａ廃液回収孔
４１配管
４２ソケット
５０温調用パイプ（温度調整手段）
６０養液供給管
７０防水シート
７１防水シート固定リング
８０防根シート[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cultivation bed that contains a medium for planting a crop, and particularly relates to a cultivation bed for hydroponics that is suitably used in hydroponics for growing a crop by supplying a nutrient solution to the medium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a hydroponic method for growing plants by growing roots in a solid medium or a liquid medium instead of soil and supplying water (nutrient solution) containing necessary nutrients is becoming widespread. This hydroponic cultivation method has various advantages such as being able to suppress plant diseases that are transmitted from soil, avoiding continuous cropping failures, and facilitating fertilizer management.
[0003]
In such a hydroponic cultivation method, a cultivation bed for containing a medium for planting a crop is used. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2886529, a resin material such as expanded polystyrene is used. What is integrally formed into a concave shape or a U shape is widely applied (first conventional example).
However, since the cultivation bed shown in the first conventional example is made of a resin material such as polystyrene foam, it cannot drain if excessive nutrient solution or water is supplied. There was a problem of inducing growth and inhibiting the growth of crops.
[0004]
In order to solve this problem, for example, in JP-A-4-30731 and JP-A-2-163014, the bottom of the cultivation bed formed into a concave shape or a U-shape using a resin material such as polystyrene foam is inclined. There has been proposed a means for discharging the waste liquid by forming a drain or providing a drainage groove on the bottom surface (second conventional example).
[0005]
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
However, the cultivation bed shown in the first conventional example has a disadvantage that the cost increases because it must be integrally formed into a concave shape or a U shape in a molding factory or the like.
Further, when the cultivation beds are stacked and transported, they are formed by integral molding, so that there is a problem that the occupation area is large and the transport efficiency is not good.
[0006]
Furthermore, when a part of the cultivation bed is damaged, it is necessary to replace the whole cultivation bed, and there is a problem that the work efficiency is poor and the cost increases.
On the other hand, since the cultivation bed shown in the second conventional example has an internal structure for collecting the waste liquid, it has to be formed by special molding, resulting in an increase in cost. It was.
[0007]
Moreover, since the internal structure of the cultivation bed was complicated, there was also a problem that cleaning inside the cultivation bed was very troublesome.
Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, and makes it a subject to provide the cultivation bed for hydroponics which has a simple structure and was excellent in the handleability and transportability at low cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such a problem, the bed for solution cultivation according to claim 1 according to the present invention is a cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a crop, and is configured separately. A bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction, a side member rising from both lateral ends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member, and end members rising from both longitudinal ends of the bottom member are assembled into a box shape. A waste liquid recovery tube capable of recovering waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the upper surface of the bottom surface member, and the culture medium is accommodated on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, and the waste liquid recovery tube and the side surface member A gap member is inserted between the gap member and the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side surface member toward the bottom surface member. It is characterized by having.
[0009]
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 2 according to the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape, The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are assembled on a saucer provided with a main body portion disposed on a lower surface of the bottom surface member, and side wall portions rising from both ends in the short direction of the main body portion. The A waste liquid collection tube capable of collecting the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the top surface of the bottom member, and the culture medium is accommodated on the top surface of the waste liquid collection tube, and the waste liquid collection tube and the side surface A gap member is inserted between the members, and the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side surface member toward the bottom surface member. It is characterized by being.
[0010]
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 3 according to the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape, The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material. A waste liquid collection tube capable of collecting the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the top surface of the bottom member, and the culture medium is accommodated on the top surface of the waste liquid collection tube, and the waste liquid collection tube and the side surface A gap member is inserted between the members, and the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side surface member toward the bottom surface member. It is characterized by being.
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 4 concerning the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And a body part that is assembled in a box shape by assembling end surface members rising from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member, and the bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are disposed on the bottom surface of the bottom surface member, The main body is assembled on a saucer provided with side walls that rise from both ends in the short direction, and the bottom member, the side member, and the end member are supported in a box shape by a support material. , A waste liquid recovery tube capable of recovering waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the upper surface of the bottom member, and the culture medium is accommodated on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery pipe. A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid collection pipe and the side member, and the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side member toward the bottom member. It is characterized by having.
[0011]
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 5 according to the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end surface member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member is configured in a box shape, and a waste liquid recovery tube that enables recovery of waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the top surface of the bottom surface member, The medium is accommodated on the upper surface of the waste liquid collection tube, The waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed in a contact surface with the culture medium. A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid collection pipe and the side member, and the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side member toward the bottom member. It is characterized by having.
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 6 concerning the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And a body part that is assembled in a box shape by assembling end surface members rising from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member, and the bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are disposed on the bottom surface of the bottom surface member, And a side wall portion that rises from both ends in the short direction of the main body, and a waste liquid recovery tube that enables recovery of the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the upper surface of the bottom member. In addition, the medium is accommodated on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed on the contact surface with the culture medium A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member. The gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side member toward the bottom member. It is characterized by having.
[0012]
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 7 concerning the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end surface member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member and is configured in a box shape, and the bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material, and the bottom surface A waste liquid recovery tube that enables recovery of waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed on the upper surface of the member, and the culture medium is accommodated on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery pipe, and the waste liquid recovery tube is in contact with the culture medium A waste liquid recovery hole is formed on the surface, and a gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member, The gap member is characterized in that an inclination is formed from a contact surface with the side member toward the bottom member.
The cultivation bed for hydroponics according to claim 8 according to the present invention, A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And a body part that is assembled in a box shape by assembling end surface members rising from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member, and the bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are disposed on the bottom surface of the bottom surface member, Assembled on a saucer provided with side wall portions that rise from both lateral ends of the main body, and the bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material, On the upper surface of the bottom surface member is disposed a waste liquid recovery tube capable of recovering waste liquid from the culture medium, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated, and the waste liquid recovery tube is A waste liquid collection hole is formed in a contact surface with the ground, and a gap member is interposed between the waste liquid collection pipe and the side member, and the gap member extends from the contact surface with the side member to the bottom member. Inclined towards the formation It is characterized by being.
[0016]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivating bed for liquid cultivation, a bottom member that extends in the longitudinal direction, a side member that rises from both lateral ends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member, and both longitudinal ends of the bottom member are configured separately. As a result of assembling the end face member that rises from the box into a box shape, it has a simple structure as compared to a conventional integrally molded product, so that it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing the cultivation bed. .
[0017]
In addition, it has a bottom member, a side member, and an end member configured separately, and is assembled in the field and configured in a box shape, thereby greatly improving transportability and various dimensions and forms. It becomes possible to form the cultivation bed corresponding to the site which has.
Furthermore, when the bottom member, side member, or part of the end member is damaged, the entire cultivation bed is not replaced or repaired as in the past, but only the minimal member that has been damaged is replaced. Can be repaired. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the work efficiency and cost for the repair work.
[0018]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, the bottom member, the side surface member, and the end surface member include a main body portion disposed on the lower surface of the bottom surface member, and a side wall portion that rises from both lateral ends of the main body portion. As a result of being assembled on top of each other, it becomes possible to form a box shape without bonding the respective members. Therefore, it becomes possible to improve the work efficiency concerning the assembly of the cultivation bed.
[0019]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, the bottom member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by the support material, thereby supporting the own weight of the medium accommodated inside the cultivation bed and supporting the cultivation bed in a box shape. It becomes possible to do. Moreover, it becomes possible by this support material to change the height position and gradient of a cultivation bed for hydroponics easily and reliably.
[0020]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, by arranging the waste liquid recovery pipe on the upper surface of the bottom member constituting the cultivation bed for hydroponics, the structure of the cultivation bed itself can be made simpler. The cost required for manufacturing the cultivation bed can be greatly reduced, and the cultivation bed can be easily washed.
[0021]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, in the waste liquid recovery tube, the waste liquid recovery hole is formed on the contact surface with the culture medium, so that the waste liquid discharged from the culture medium can be easily recovered, and generation of root rot and microorganisms It becomes possible to cultivate crops efficiently. Further, since the discharge amount can be easily adjusted by changing the number of the waste liquid collection holes, the diameter of the hole, or the diameter of the waste liquid collection pipe, it becomes possible to easily adjust the supply / drainage in the culture medium.
[0022]
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, it is possible to align the waste liquid collection pipe with the center of the cultivation bed for nutrient cultivation by inserting the gap member between the waste liquid collection pipe and the side member. Therefore, it becomes possible to collect the waste liquid effectively.
The present invention Nourishment According to the cultivation bed for liquid cultivation, by forming an inclination from the contact surface with the side member in the gap member toward the bottom member, the waste liquid discharged from the culture medium will fall toward the waste liquid collection tube, It becomes possible to collect the waste liquid more effectively.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a cultivation bed for hydroponics in the present invention, where (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a bottom view. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the hydroponics cultivation bed in FIG. 1.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics in the present embodiment is composed of a separate bottom member 1 extending in the longitudinal direction and a short perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member 1. A side member 2 rising from both ends in the hand direction and an end surface member 3 rising from both ends in the longitudinal direction of the bottom member 1 are assembled on a tray 4 to form an elongated box shape. Here, the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics in this embodiment demonstrates the example comprised from the three bottom surface members 1, the six side surface members 2, and the two end surface members 3. FIG.
[0029]
The cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics has a plurality of supports spanned in a box-like longitudinal direction (X direction in FIG. 1), lateral direction (Y direction in FIG. 1), and depth direction (Z direction in FIG. 1). On the gantry assembled with the material 20, the entire culture bed for hydroponics 10 is placed so as to have a gradient of about 1/100 in the longitudinal direction. The support material 20 that supports the gantry can change the height position and the gradient of the nourishing cultivation bed 10 by changing the position thereof, and the side member 2 that constitutes the nourishing cultivation bed 10. It has a function to hold it in a box shape.
[0030]
Here, the shape of the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 is not particularly limited as long as at least a box-shaped cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics can be formed, but transportability, workability, cost, and the like are not limited. In view of the above, it is preferable that the plate has a substantially rectangular shape. The thickness and shape of the bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end member 3 may be the same or different.
[0031]
Moreover, the material which comprises the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 will not be specifically limited if there exists the intensity | strength which supports the culture medium 30 accommodated in the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics at least, for example, wood A metal material, a resin material, or the like can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use polystyrene foam in consideration of heat insulation, transportability, processability, cost, and the like. The bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end member 3 may be made of the same material or different materials, but are made of the same material in consideration of cost and workability. It is preferable to do.
[0032]
The saucer 4 is composed of a flat plate-like main body portion 4a and a pair of side wall portions 4b rising from both ends of the main body portion 4a in the short direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1B). The material which comprises this saucer 4 will not be specifically limited if it has the intensity | strength which supports the culture medium 30 accommodated in the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics, For example, the pressed metal plate, such as iron and aluminum, is mentioned.
[0033]
Although the support material 20 is not specifically limited, For example, rod-shaped materials, such as a timber, a metal material, and a resin material, etc. are mentioned. The joining method between the support members 20 when the support member 20 is assembled in the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction, and the depth direction is different depending on the material constituting the support member 20, but may be joined by welding, for example. However, it may be joined using a string or a joint member.
[0034]
The culture bed 10 for planting a crop is accommodated in the culture bed 10 for hydroponics. On the lower surface of the culture medium 30, a waste liquid collection tube 40 that collects a waste liquid from the culture medium 30 and a medium 30. A temperature adjusting pipe (temperature adjusting means) 50 for adjusting the temperature is provided. Further, a nutrient solution supply pipe 60 for supplying a nutrient solution to the medium 30 is provided on the upper surface of the medium 30. Furthermore, a waterproof sheet 70 that covers the entire inner surface of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics is laid through the lower surface of the waste liquid collection pipe 40, and the upper surface of the waterproof sheet 70 is permeable to water. A root prevention sheet 80 is laid through the upper surface of the waste liquid collection tube 40.
[0035]
The medium 30 is composed of a lower layer medium 30A accommodated in a culture bed for hydroponics and a plurality of block-shaped upper layer mediums 30B placed on the upper surface of the lower layer medium 30A. Here, the upper-layer medium 30B is a plant in which a plant that has already been grown as a seedling in another medium is moved and placed for each medium.
The lower layer medium 30A is preferably a porous material having a higher drainage than the material used as the upper layer medium 30B, and examples thereof include plant residue carbides mainly composed of cellulose. Examples of the vegetable residue carbide include oga charcoal using sawdust as a raw material, beer lees forming charcoal using beer lees as a raw material, and the like. In particular, beer lees forming charcoal is formed and carbonized beer lees, a barley husk that contains abundant proteins and minerals (N, P, etc.) and is rich in minerals necessary for the growth of crops. Since it is contained and drains well, it is more preferable as a culture medium for hydroponics that requires adjustment of water supply and drainage.
[0036]
As the upper layer medium 30B, it is preferable to use an inorganic water-retaining material that does not contain a mineral, and for example, a material such as rock wool or urethane is preferably used.
The waste liquid collection tube 40 is composed of, for example, a vinyl chloride cylinder having a plurality of holes over the outer peripheral surface, and extends in the longitudinal direction (depth direction in FIG. 1A) of the nourishing liquid cultivation bed 10. Thus, it is disposed on the upper surface of the bottom member 1. In this waste liquid collection tube 40, the holes in contact with the culture medium 30 function as a plurality of waste liquid collection holes 40a capable of collecting excess nutrient solution. In addition, a gap member 5 is interposed between the waste liquid collection tube 40 and the side member 2, and the waste liquid collection tube 40 is arranged at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics. Further, an external tank (not shown) for collecting the waste liquid is connected to the downstream side of the waste liquid collection pipe 40, and the external tank and the waste liquid collection pipe 40 are located on the downstream side of the waste liquid collection pipe 40. The end face member 3 is connected through a pipe 41 disposed through the end face member 3.
[0037]
The gap member 5 is composed of, for example, a flat plate made of the same material as the above-described bottom surface member 1, side surface member 2, or end surface member 3, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydroponics cultivation bed 10. It is inserted in the gap between the waste liquid recovery tube 40 and the side member 2. Further, the gap member 5 is formed with an inclined surface 5a from the contact surface with the side member 2 toward the bottom member 1 in order to efficiently collect the waste liquid discharged from the culture medium 30 in the waste liquid collection tube 40. This inclination angle θ is preferably in the range of 45 ° to 90 °.
[0038]
The temperature adjustment pipe 50 is disposed between the waste liquid collection tube 40 and the culture medium 30 so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the nourishing culture cultivation bed 10, and adjusts the temperature of the culture medium 30. ing. In addition, the shape of the pipe 50 for temperature control is not restricted to this, It arrange | positions two in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation, and it is for nutrient solution cultivation by turning up at the terminal of the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation The heat radiation amount over the entire length of the cultivation bed 10 may be made uniform.
[0039]
In addition, the nutrient solution supply pipe 60 is configured by, for example, a pipe provided with a plurality of nutrient solution supply ports at equal intervals, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation. Is disposed on the upper surface of the lower layer medium 30A on which no is placed. One end of the nutrient solution supply pipe 60 is connected to a nutrient solution tank (not shown) in which the nutrient solution and moisture are stored, and the nutrient solution and moisture supplied from the nutrient solution tank are supplied to the nutrient solution supply port. Is supplied to the medium 30.
[0040]
The waterproof sheet 70 is not particularly limited as long as it is waterproof and can prevent leakage of moisture to the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 constituting the culture bed 10 for hydroponics. Examples thereof include materials such as vinyl chloride.
The root-proof sheet 80 is not particularly limited as long as it has water permeability and can suppress root intrusion into the waste liquid collection hole 40a of the waste liquid collection pipe 40. Specific examples include polyamide-based, polyester-based, polyolefin-based (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), acrylonitrile-based fibers, and the like.
[0041]
Next, an example of the assembly method of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics in this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the two side members 2 are pressed in a state where the two side members 2 are opposed to the side wall portion 4b of the tray 4 formed in the dimensions of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics.
Next, another operator assembles the bottom member 1 and the side member 2 by pushing one bottom member 1 from the top between the two side members 2 in the main body 4 a of the tray 4.
[0042]
Subsequently, the side surface member 2 and the bottom surface member 1 are sequentially assembled on the tray 4 so as to be in contact with the already disposed bottom surface member 1 and the side surface portion 2.
Finally, the pair of end surface members 3 are pressed in a state where they are in contact with the side surface members 2 at both longitudinal end surfaces of the tray 4. And the support material 20 of a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and a depth direction is assembled and joined so that all the side surface members 2 and the end surface members 3 may be contacted, and the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics is completed in a box shape. At this time, the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics has a gradient in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics so that the waste liquid collected from the culture medium 30 can be collected in an external tank provided outside. In addition, it is supported by the support material 20.
[0043]
In addition, the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics in this embodiment assembles the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 on the saucer 4, and the side surface member 2 and the end surface member 3 are box-shaped with the support material 20. However, the present invention is not limited to this as long as the bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end member 3 are combined to form a box shape. For example, the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 may be connected to each other by an adhesive, a seal, or the like, and formed into a box shape, or may be formed into a box shape using a coupling member such as a screw or a nail. It may be. At this time, if the bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end member 3 can be connected so as to have a strength capable of supporting the culture medium 30, the tray 4 may be configured without being arranged.
[0044]
Next, a pair of gap members 5 for aligning the waste liquid collection pipe 40 are arranged inside the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics so as to be in contact with the side members 2 respectively. At this time, the inclined surface 5 a of the gap member 5 is disposed in a state where the inclined surface 5 a is positioned on the upper surface so that the inclination is directed from the contact surface with the side member 2 toward the bottom surface member 1.
Next, the waterproof sheet 70 is laid so as to cover the entire inner surface of the hydroponics cultivation bed 10.
[0045]
Next, a waste liquid collection pipe 40 is disposed between the gap members 5, and an opening (not shown) is formed in the end face member 3 located on the downstream side of the waste liquid collection pipe 40. A pipe 41 to be connected to the tank is provided. In addition, although you may make it form this opening part in the end surface member 3 in the middle of assembling the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation, before assembling the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation, an opening part is previously made into the end surface member 3. Alternatively, the end surface member 3 may be used to assemble the culture bed 10 for hydroponics.
[0046]
Next, the waste liquid collection tube 40 and the gap member 5 are laid on the top surfaces with a root-proof sheet 80 that covers the inside of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics.
Next, the temperature control pipe 50 is disposed on the upper surface of the waste liquid collection pipe 40 via the root-proof sheet 80, and then the lower layer medium 30A is embedded in the culture bed 10 for hydroponics. Here, although the quantity of the lower layer culture medium 30A accommodated in the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponic cultivation changes with crop types to grow, the quantity used as 30 to 60% of the height dimension of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponic cultivation, for example. It is desirable to accommodate.
[0047]
Next, after flattening the upper surface of the lower layer medium 30A, a plurality of upper layer media 30B in which seedlings have already been grown on another medium are placed on the upper surface of the lower layer medium 30A along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics. And place it in a straight line. At this time, between each upper layer culture medium 30B, you may make it mount with a predetermined space | interval, respectively, and may make it mount without leaving a space | gap.
[0048]
Next, the nutrient solution supply pipe 60 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower layer medium 30A on which the upper layer medium 30B is not placed so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 for nutrient solution cultivation. Thus, according to the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics in this embodiment, the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics that accommodates the culture medium 30 for planting the crop is divided into the bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end member 3. Since it becomes a simple structure compared with the conventional integrally molded product by having comprised separately and combining these, the cost concerning manufacture of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics is reduced significantly. It becomes possible.
[0049]
In addition, the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, and the end surface member 3 are separately provided and combined at the site, thereby greatly improving the transportability and corresponding to the site having various sizes and forms. It becomes possible to form the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics. At this time, the bottom member 1, the side member 2, and the end surface member 3 are assembled on the receiving tray 4 and supported by the support member 20, so that each member can be easily assembled into a box shape, The operation | work which adhere | attaches between each member becomes unnecessary. For this reason, it becomes possible to improve significantly the work efficiency concerning the assembly of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics.
[0050]
Furthermore, when the bottom surface member 1, the side surface member 2, or a part of the end surface member 3 is damaged, the entire culture bed 10 for hydroponics is not replaced or repaired as in the past, but the damage has occurred. Only minimal parts can be replaced and repaired. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the work efficiency and cost for the repair work.
Further, the waste liquid collecting tube 40 that collects the waste liquid discharged from the hydroponics cultivation bed 10 is formed separately from the hydroponics culture bed 10, so that the cost for manufacturing the hydroponic cultivation bed 10 is increased. And the inside of the cultivation bed 10 for hydroponics can be easily washed.
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 3: is a perspective view which shows the other structural example of the cultivation bed for hydroponics of this invention. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the hydroponics cultivation bed in FIG. 3.
[0051]
As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the nutrient bed cultivation bed 10 A of the present embodiment is from the waste liquid collection pipe 40 to an external tank (not shown) in the nutrient solution cultivation bed 10 of the first embodiment. The configuration of the pipe 41 for discharging the waste liquid is different.
That is, the pipe 41 in the present embodiment is formed with an opening for communicating the waste liquid recovery pipe 40 and the external tank in the bottom surface member 1 and the main body 4a of the tray 4 constituting the hydroponics cultivation bed 10A. A pipe 41 that connects the waste liquid collection pipe 40 and the external tank is disposed in the opening.
[0052]
Next, the assembly method of the cultivation bed 10A for hydroponics in this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the bottom member 1 and the side member 2 are assembled on the top surface of the tray 4 in the same procedure as in the first embodiment. At this time, the tray 4 and the bottom member 1 are assembled with the openings already formed through the pipe 41. Moreover, the receiving tray 4 and the bottom surface member 1 are installed so that a gap may be left, so that an opening can be formed.
[0053]
Next, a pair of gap members 5 are arranged at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface member 1 so as to be in contact with the side surface members 2 in the same procedure as in the first embodiment.
Next, the waterproof sheet 70 is laid so as to cover the entire inner surface of the hydroponics cultivation bed 10A. Then, from the lower surface of the tray 4, the socket 42 connected to the pipe 41 connected to the external tank is raised at the opening of the bottom member 1, and the fixing ring 71 is attached to the socket 42 from the upper part of the waterproof sheet 70 together with the waterproof sheet 70. After the fitting, the portion of the waterproof sheet 70 where the socket 42 is closed is cut out and opened. Thereafter, the waste liquid collection pipe 40 is disposed between the pair of gap members 5 to complete the culture bed 10A for hydroponics.
[0054]
In this way, the waste liquid discharged from the hydroponic cultivation bed 10A is discharged through the pipe 41 extending vertically from the bottom surface of the hydroponic cultivation bed 10A, thereby cultivating the first embodiment. It becomes possible to arrange | position without forming a delicate inclination in a bed main body like the cultivation bed 10 for liquid cultivation.
[Third embodiment]
FIG. 5: is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the cultivation bed for hydroponics of this invention.
[0055]
The culture bed for hydroponics 10B of the present embodiment is different from the culture bed for hydroponics in the first embodiment only in the configuration of the medium 30.
That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the lower layer medium 30 A in this embodiment is a first lower layer medium 31 made of a highly drainable porous material and a second lower layer medium made of a water-retaining material that is laminated on the upper surface. 32 with a two-layer structure.
[0056]
Here, the porous material which comprises the 1st lower layer culture medium 31, and the water retention material which comprises the 2nd lower layer culture medium 32 can use the material similar to what was shown in 1st embodiment.
Thus, as the lower layer medium 30A accommodated in the culture bed 10B for hydroponics, the second lower layer medium 32 made of a water-retaining material is formed on the upper surface of the first lower layer medium 31 made of a highly drainable porous material. It becomes possible to suppress the surface drying of the 1st lower layer culture medium 31 by laminating | stacking. Therefore, the water retention of the culture medium 30 can be further improved, and the hydroponics can be effectively performed.
[0057]
In addition, the cultivation beds 10, 10 A, and 10 B for hydroponics in the above-described first to third embodiments are elongated boxes by assembling a plurality of bottom surface members 1 and a plurality of side surface members 2 in the vertical direction. However, the structure is not limited to this as long as at least the bottom member 1 and the side member 2 are assembled and configured. For example, one bottom member 1, two side members 2, and two end members 3 corresponding to the dimensions of the hydroponics cultivation bed may be combined to form a box shape. However, in consideration of transportability, workability, and cost, it is preferable that the bottom surface member 1 and the side surface member 2 are configured in a plurality.
[0058]
Moreover, the culture medium 30 accommodated in the culture bed 10, 10 A, 10 B for hydroponics in the first to third embodiments described above is not limited thereto, and is applied as, for example, the lower layer medium 30 A or the first lower layer medium 31. You may make it comprise only the made porous material.
Furthermore, the saucer 4 of the cultivation bed 10, 10 A, 10 B for hydroponics in the first to third embodiments described above includes a main body 4 a disposed on the lower surface of the bottom member 1, and a short side of the main body 4 a. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other than the main body 4a and the side wall 4b, the rising end surface member 3 is supported from both longitudinal ends of the main body 4a. A side wall portion may be formed.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cultivation bed for hydroponics of the present invention, the bottom surface member configured separately and extending in the longitudinal direction, and the side surface rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface member. By assembling the member and the end surface member rising from both longitudinal ends of the bottom surface member into a box shape, the cost for manufacturing and repairing the cultivation bed is greatly reduced, and the handleability and transportability are improved. It becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a hydroponics cultivation bed according to the present invention, where (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a bottom view.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the hydroponics cultivation bed in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of the cultivation bed for hydroponics in the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the hydroponics cultivation bed in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the hydroponics cultivation bed in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Bottom member
2 Side members
3 End face members
4 saucer
4a Body
4b Side wall
5 Gap member
5a Inclined surface
10 Cultivation bed for hydroponics
20 Support material
30 medium
30A Underlayer medium
30B Upper culture medium
31 First lower layer medium
32 Second lower layer medium
40 Waste liquid recovery pipe
40a Waste liquid recovery hole
41 Piping
42 socket
50 Temperature control pipe (temperature adjustment means)
60 Nutrient solution supply pipe
70 tarpaulin
71 Waterproof sheet fixing ring
80 Root sheet

Claims

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape ,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The cultivation bed for hydroponics , wherein the gap member is inclined from the contact surface with the side member toward the bottom member .

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are assembled on a saucer provided with a main body portion disposed on a lower surface of the bottom surface member, and side wall portions rising from both ends in the short direction of the main body portion. and,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material ,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are assembled on a saucer provided with a main body portion disposed on a lower surface of the bottom surface member, and side wall portions rising from both ends in the short direction of the main body portion. And
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated .
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A culture bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
The waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed in a contact surface with the culture medium ,
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are assembled on a saucer provided with a main body portion disposed on a lower surface of the bottom surface member, and side wall portions rising from both ends in the short direction of the main body portion. And
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
The waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed in a contact surface with the culture medium,
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member ,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
The waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed in a contact surface with the culture medium,
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.

A cultivation bed for hydroponics that contains a medium for planting a plant, and comprises a separate bottom member extending in the longitudinal direction and side members rising from both ends in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bottom member And an end face member that rises from both longitudinal ends of the bottom face member and is configured in a box shape,
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are assembled on a saucer provided with a main body portion disposed on a lower surface of the bottom surface member, and side wall portions rising from both ends in the short direction of the main body portion. And
The bottom surface member, the side surface member, and the end surface member are supported in a box shape by a support material,
On the upper surface of the bottom surface member, a waste liquid recovery tube that can recover the waste liquid from the culture medium is disposed, and on the upper surface of the waste liquid recovery tube, the culture medium is accommodated.
The waste liquid recovery tube has a waste liquid recovery hole formed in a contact surface with the culture medium,
A gap member is interposed between the waste liquid recovery pipe and the side member,
The gap member, cultivation bed to that hydroponic characterized in that inclined towards the bottom member from the contact surface between the side member is formed.