JP2014124180A - Cultivation device and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation device and a cultivation method which can appropriately perform such as treatment of a discharged solution of a culture medium supplied to a crop.SOLUTION: A cultivation device comprises: a sheet 13 having waterproofness which is interposed on a lower surface side of a culture medium M in which a crop C is planted; a culture medium support part 28 of a cultivation bed 12 which supports the sheet 13 and the culture medium M from below; and a sheet supporting material 25 which supports the sheet 13. A drainage channel 34 for discharging a discharged solution exuded from the culture medium M with the sheet 13 is formed at a position different from that of the culture medium support part 28 of the cultivation bed 12.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating a crop with a culture solution.

  An example of this type of cultivation apparatus is described in Patent Document 1, for example. Patent Document 1 shows that a rock wool wrapped around a waterproof sheet is arranged in a frame fixed to a floor surface, the rock wool is used as a crop medium, and a liquid supply pump is operated as appropriate to culture medium tank. Cultivation is performed by supplying the culture solution stored in the medium to the medium.

  When a cultivation apparatus for cultivating crops with such a culture solution is used, continuous cropping failures do not occur as in soil cultivation, so the same crop can be cultivated repeatedly.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-10868

  However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which the drainage of the culture solution exuded from the medium is stored in a frame on which the medium is placed. For this reason, the drainage of the culture solution stored in the frame is stagnant, and algae, moss, pests and the like are likely to be generated, and the sanitary condition around the crop is likely to be deteriorated.

  In addition, if the culture solution is supplied to the crop medium, the drainage of the culture solution leached from the culture medium will eventually overflow from the inside of the frame, and the drainage that overflows outside the frame will flow down to the outside. It was not preferable.

  In addition, since the culture medium is immersed in the drainage of the culture solution stored in the frame, there is a disadvantage that the crop fruit absorbs the culture solution from the culture medium and the crop fruit is broken.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method that can appropriately perform the treatment of the drainage of the culture solution supplied to the crop.

The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention has a waterproof sheet interposed on the lower surface side of the medium in which the plant is planted,
Medium support means disposed below the medium and supporting the sheet and the medium from below;
Sheet support means for supporting the sheet,
The drainage channel for draining the drained liquid exuded from the culture medium by the sheet is formed at a position different from the culture medium supporting means.

According to this characteristic configuration, a waterproof sheet is interposed on the lower surface side of the medium in which the crops are planted, and the sheet and the medium are supported from below by the medium supporting means disposed below the medium. And the sheet | seat is supported by the sheet | seat support means. For this reason, all the culture liquid exuded from a culture medium is received with a sheet | seat, it can prevent leaking outside, and can make it preferable in terms of an environment. And since the drainage channel for draining the drained liquid exuded from the culture medium by the sheet is formed, the sheet for waterproofing can be used as the drainage channel for the drainage of the culture solution, and the drainage channel for forming the drainage channel There is no need to prepare a dedicated member.
Therefore, the drainage of the culture broth is discharged by the drainage channel, and the drainage of the culture broth can be prevented from occurring, such as algae, moss, pests, etc. in the drainage of the culture broth Can be kept good.
In addition, since the drainage of the culture solution leached from the culture medium is discharged through the drainage channel, the culture medium is prevented from being immersed in the drainage of the culture solution, and an appropriate amount of the culture solution can be supplied to the crop. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience such as tearing.
Furthermore, since the drainage channel is formed at a position different from the medium support means, it is easy to check the state of the drainage channel, and for example, it is easy to visually check whether or not the drainage channel is dirty.
Therefore, the drainage of the culture solution supplied to the crop can be appropriately performed.

  In addition, a crop and a culture medium are not essential constituent requirements of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Claim 1 of this invention. For this reason, a cultivation apparatus in which a separately sold crop or culture medium is incorporated later also belongs to the technical scope of the invention according to claim 1.

  The cultivation apparatus which concerns on Claim 2 of this invention is characterized by the said drainage channel being formed in the outer side position of the said culture medium in planar view.

  According to this characteristic configuration, the drainage channel is formed at a position outside the culture medium in a plan view, and the drainage of the culture solution is guided to the outside position of the culture medium in the drainage channel. Therefore, it can be easily confirmed visually, and the hygiene can be easily maintained.

The cultivation apparatus which concerns on Claim 3 of this invention is equipped with the extension part extended from the said sheet | seat support means to the said sheet | seat,
The extension portion is formed so as to cover the drainage channel.

  According to this characteristic configuration, the sheet is provided with an extending part that extends from the sheet supporting means, and the extending part is formed so as to cover the drainage channel. While preventing the drainage of the culture broth from leaking to the outside, the drainage of the culture broth can be suitably discharged, and invasion of pests and the like into the drainage channel can also be prevented. Moreover, if a sheet | seat has light-shielding property, propagation of algae and moss in a drainage channel can also be suppressed. Therefore, a dedicated cover for covering the drainage channel is not required, and the hygienic condition around the crop can be well maintained with a simple structure.

  The cultivation apparatus which concerns on Claim 4 of this invention is characterized by the said extension part being formed so that the said culture medium may be covered.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the extending portion is formed so as to cover the culture medium in addition to the drainage channel, invasion of pests and the like into the culture medium can be prevented. Moreover, if a sheet | seat has light-shielding property, the proliferation of the algae and moss in a culture medium can also be suppressed. Therefore, a dedicated cover for covering the drainage channel is not required, and the hygienic state can be maintained satisfactorily with a simple structure.

  The cultivation apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the sheet is supported by the culture medium support means so as to be inclined downward toward the drainage channel side.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the sheet is supported by the culture medium support means so as to be inclined downward toward the drainage channel side, the drained liquid exuded from the culture medium flows down naturally to the drainage channel side. For this reason, the drainage liquid of the culture solution can be efficiently discharged to the drainage channel side, an appropriate amount of the culture solution can be supplied to the crop, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience such as the fruit of the crop tearing.

The cultivation apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention is provided with a drain outlet for discharging the drainage liquid present in the drainage channel to the outside of the sheet.
The drainage channel is configured to be inclined downward toward the drainage port side.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the drainage channel formed by the sheet is inclined downward toward the drainage port side, the drainage present in the drainage channel is naturally flowed down to the drainage port side, It is discharged outside. For this reason, it can prevent that the drainage of a culture solution stays in a drainage channel, and it can prevent that a pest etc. generate | occur | produce in the drainage of the culture solution in a drainage channel.

  The cultivation apparatus which concerns on Claim 7 of this invention is characterized by the point provided with the adjustment means which can adjust the inclination angle of the said sheet | seat, or the inclination angle of the said drainage channel.

  According to this characteristic configuration, even when a change occurs in the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel while cultivating crops, the drainage of the culture solution can be suitably discharged, The adjustment means can adjust the inclination angle of the seat and the inclination angle of the drainage channel. For example, if the posture of the medium support means and the posture of the sheet support means change due to use over time, the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel also change together, so that the drainage of the culture solution does not easily flow to the drainage channel side. It is possible that the drainage of the culture solution in the drainage channel becomes difficult to flow to the drainage port side. Even in such a case, the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel can be appropriately adjusted by the adjusting means so that the drainage of the culture solution flows appropriately.

  The cultivation method according to claim 8 of the present invention includes an intervening step in which a waterproof sheet is interposed on the lower surface side of a medium in which crops are planted, and a medium support in which the sheet and the medium are supported from below the medium. And a sheet supporting step in which the sheet is supported, and a drained liquid exuded from the medium is discharged from a drainage channel of the sheet formed at a position different from the position where the sheet and the medium are supported. And a drainage process.

According to this characteristic configuration, the waterproof sheet is interposed on the lower surface side of the medium in which the plant is planted, and the sheet and the medium are supported from below the medium, and the sheet is supported. For this reason, all the culture liquid exuded from a culture medium is received with a sheet | seat, it can prevent leaking outside, and can make it preferable in terms of an environment. And since the drained liquid exuded from the culture medium is discharged from the drainage channel of the sheet formed at a position different from the position where the sheet and the culture medium are supported, it is necessary to prepare a dedicated member for forming the drainage channel There is no.
Therefore, the drainage of the culture broth is discharged by the drainage channel, and the drainage of the culture broth can be prevented from occurring, such as algae, moss, pests, etc. in the drainage of the culture broth Can be kept good.
In addition, since the drainage of the culture solution leached from the culture medium is discharged through the drainage channel, the culture medium is prevented from being immersed in the drainage of the culture solution, and an appropriate amount of the culture solution can be supplied to the crop. Can be prevented from tearing.
Furthermore, since the drained liquid exuded from the culture medium is discharged from the drainage channel of the sheet formed at a position different from the position where the sheet and the culture medium are supported, it becomes easy to check the state of the drainage channel. It is easy to visually check whether or not the surface is dirty.
Therefore, the drainage of the culture solution supplied to the crop can be appropriately performed.

  The cultivation method according to claim 9 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the draining step, the drainage is guided to an outer position of the culture medium in plan view.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the drainage channel can guide the outside position of the culture medium in a plan view, the state of the drainage channel can be easily confirmed visually from above, and the hygiene can be easily maintained and managed.

  The cultivation method according to claim 10 of the present invention is characterized in that a covering step is included in which the drainage channel is covered by an extending portion extending from the portion of the sheet.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the drainage channel is covered with the extending portion that extends from the sheet portion, the drainage of the culture solution is prevented while the drainage of the culture solution is prevented from leaking outside with one sheet. It is possible to discharge the liquid suitably and to prevent the invasion of pests and the like into the drainage channel. Moreover, if a sheet | seat has light-shielding property, propagation of algae and moss in a drainage channel can also be suppressed. Therefore, a dedicated cover for covering the drainage channel is not required, and the hygienic condition around the crop can be well maintained with a simple structure.

  The cultivation method according to claim 11 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the coating step, the culture medium is covered with the extending portion.

  According to this characteristic configuration, the extending portion covers the culture medium in addition to the drainage channel, so that invasion of pests and the like into the culture medium can be prevented. Moreover, if a sheet | seat has light-shielding property, the proliferation of the algae and moss in a culture medium can also be suppressed. Therefore, a dedicated cover for covering the drainage channel is not required, and the hygienic state can be maintained satisfactorily with a simple structure.

  The cultivation method according to claim 12 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the drainage step, the drainage is guided to the drainage channel side.

  According to this characteristic configuration, since the drainage of the culture solution is guided to the drainage channel side, the drainage liquid exuded from the culture medium flows down naturally to the drainage channel side. For this reason, the drainage liquid of the culture solution can be efficiently discharged to the drainage channel side, an appropriate amount of the culture solution can be supplied to the crop, and the crop fruit can be prevented from crushing.

  The cultivation method according to claim 13 of the present invention is such that, in the drainage step, the drainage is led to a drainage outlet that drains the drainage present in the drainage channel to the outside of the sheet. It is characterized by.

  According to this feature, the drainage of the culture solution is led to the drainage port that drains the drainage that exists in the drainage channel to the outside of the sheet, so the drainage of the culture solution that is guided from the culture medium to the drainage channel However, it is led toward the drain outlet side in the drainage channel. For this reason, it can prevent that the drainage of a culture solution stays in a drainage channel, and it can prevent that a pest etc. generate | occur | produce in the drainage of the culture solution in a drainage channel.

  The cultivation method which concerns on Claim 14 of this invention is characterized by the point including the adjustment process in which the inclination angle of the said sheet | seat or the inclination angle of the said drainage channel is adjusted.

  According to this characteristic configuration, even when a change occurs in the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel while cultivating crops, the drainage of the culture solution can be suitably discharged, The inclination angle of the seat or the inclination angle of the drainage channel is adjusted. For example, if the posture of the medium support means and the posture of the sheet support means change due to use over time, the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel also change together, so that the drainage of the culture solution does not easily flow to the drainage channel side. It is possible that the drainage of the culture solution in the drainage channel becomes difficult to flow to the drainage port side. Even in such a case, the inclination angle of the sheet and the inclination angle of the drainage channel can be suitably adjusted so that the drainage of the culture solution flows appropriately.

  The cultivation method according to claim 15 of the present invention is characterized in that an organic medium is used as the medium.

  Conventionally, an inorganic medium such as rock wool has often been used as a medium for growing crops. However, while an inorganic medium such as rock wool is an excellent artificial medium, it is incombustible and cannot be incinerated, so it takes time to dispose of it, and it is disposed of by landfill or the like. On the other hand, according to this characteristic configuration, the organic medium that can be incinerated is used as the medium, so that the time and effort of disposal can be reduced. Furthermore, the organic medium used for cultivation can be reused as a soil conditioner by being spread on a field such as a field, which is also suitable in terms of environment.

  In the cultivation method according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the crop grown by a seedling pot provided with a side wall covering the side surface of the soil and a hole for allowing the root of the crop to pass downward is used. The planting step of placing the crop on the medium by placing the hole side of the seedling pot on the medium is included.

  According to this characteristic configuration, a crop that has been raised in advance using a seedling pot provided with a side wall covering the side surface of the cultivated soil and a hole for allowing the roots of the crop to pass downward, By simply placing it on the top, the roots of the crop extend downward through the hole of the seedling pot and are settled on the medium, so that the planting work becomes simple and the cultivation of the crop can be started easily. Further, for example, by supplying the culture solution from above the seedling pot, the diffusion of the culture solution is prevented by the side wall of the seedling pot, and the culture solution can be efficiently supplied to the crop roots present in the culture medium.

It is front sectional drawing of a cultivation apparatus. (A) is the whole top view of a cultivation apparatus, (b) is the whole side view of a cultivation apparatus. It is a perspective view explaining how to attach a clamping tool. It is a flowchart of the cultivation method. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 1st modification of a mount frame. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 1st modification of a culture medium support means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of a culture medium support means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 3rd modification of a culture medium support means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 4th modification of a culture medium support means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 5th modification of a culture medium support means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 1st example of a change of a clamping tool. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of a clamping tool. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 3rd modification of a clamping tool. It is a perspective sectional view showing the first modification of the adjusting means. It is front sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of an adjustment means.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Cultivation equipment]
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a), and FIG. 2 (b), the cultivation apparatus plants a crop C of fruit vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, eggplant, strawberry, etc. in the medium M, and the culture solution is put in the medium M. Growing crops by supplying them. This cultivation apparatus is arrange | positioned in the greenhouse not shown by which the side wall and the ceiling were comprised with the translucent member. The cultivation apparatus is installed on a relatively soft floor formed by laying a sheet or the like on a farm field. The cultivation apparatus includes a gantry 11, a cultivation bed 12, a sheet 13, a holding tool 14 that supports the sheet 13 on the gantry 11, a culture solution supply system 15, and a culture solution drainage recovery system 16; Is provided. In this cultivation apparatus, the medium M, the seedling pot R and the like are incorporated, and the crop C is cultivated.

[Stand]
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a), and FIG. 2 (b), the gantry 11 is configured by assembling pipe materials having a cylindrical cross section so that the entire frame 11 has a rectangular parallelepiped frame shape. . Hereinafter, in the horizontal direction, the longitudinal direction side of the gantry 11 is referred to as the front-rear direction, and the direction orthogonal to the anteroposterior direction of the gantry 11 is referred to as the left-right direction. The gantry 11 includes a plurality of support columns 19 arranged in the front-rear direction, a lower horizontal member 20 horizontally mounted between the lower portions of the support columns 19, and a left-right direction between the upper portions of the support columns 19. Horizontally mounted between the upper horizontal member 21 laid horizontally, the settling-preventing horizontal member 22 laid horizontally between the lower portions of the lower column 20 in the column 19, and the upper portion of the column 19 aligned in the front-rear direction. Of the pair of string suspension members 23 in the left and right direction, the pair of medium support members 24 in the left and right direction supported and supported between the lower cross members 20 aligned in the front and rear direction, and the support column 19 aligned in the front and rear direction. A pair of left and right sheet support members 25 (an example of “sheet support means”) horizontally provided between the center portions are provided. A support 19a provided with a height adjusting mechanism is provided at the lower end of the support column 19. The string suspending material 23 is used to suspend the crop C from above by tying an attracting string to the stem of the crop C when the crop C grows. In addition, in this embodiment, as shown to Fig.2 (a) and FIG.2 (b), the two mounts 11 are installed, ie, the thing by which the crop C is installed in 2 rows is shown as an example.

[Cultivation bed]
As shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation bed 12 is made of a resin material such as expanded polystyrene, and is placed on a pair of medium support members 24. The cultivation bed 12 is disposed below the sheet 13 and the medium M, and supports the sheet 13 and the medium M from below. The cultivation bed 12 is formed long in the front-rear direction, and the cultivation bed 12 has a first wall portion 26, a groove portion 27 adjacent to the first wall portion 26, and a medium support portion adjacent to the groove portion in a front view. 28 (an example of “medium support means”), a second wall portion 29 adjacent to the medium support portion 28, and an insertion portion 30 provided on the center side of the medium support portion 28. The first wall portion 26 and the second wall portion 29 are configured to be higher than the upper end portion of the culture medium support portion 28. The culture medium support portion 28 is configured to have a gentle downward slope toward the groove portion 27 side. The bottom surface of the groove portion 27 is set lower than the lower end portion of the medium support portion 28, and a step is formed between the medium support portion 28 and the groove portion 27. The insertion part 30 is disposed at a position located below the culture medium M, and the insertion part 30 has a hot water pipe 31 for increasing the temperature of the culture medium M to protect the roots of the crop C from the cold when it is cold such as in winter. It is inserted. The sheet support material 25 described above supports the sheet 13 at a position higher than the medium support part 28 of the cultivation bed 12.

[Sheet]
The sheet 13 has a waterproof property and a light shielding property, and is made of a material that can be bent appropriately. The light shielding property of the sheet 13 can suppress the growth of algae and moss in the culture solution and the medium M. As shown in FIG. 1, the sheet 13 supported by the gantry 11 has a medium contact portion 32, a drainage portion 33, a drainage channel 34 formed by the drainage portion 33, and a bent portion 35 in a front view. And the extension part 36 is formed. The drainage channel 34 is formed at a position different from the culture medium support portion 28 of the cultivation bed 12 so as to drain the culture liquid drained from the culture medium M by the sheet 13. The drainage channel 34 is formed from the beginning of installation of the cultivation apparatus. Further, the drainage channel 34 is formed at a position outside the culture medium M in plan view. The sheet 13 is provided with a drain port 37 for discharging the drainage present in the drainage channel 34 to the outside of the sheet 13. The medium contact portion 32 of the sheet 13 is interposed on the lower surface side of the medium M on which the crop C is planted. In the state where the sheet 13 is loosened in the groove portion 27 of the cultivation bed 12 so as to form a drainage portion 33 located at a position lower than the culture medium contact portion 32, FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (b), FIG. As shown, the left and right ends are fixed to the sheet support member 25 by the holding tool 14, and the fixed portion is a bent portion 35. The sandwiching tool 14 has a semicircular cross section, and fixes the sheet 13 so as to be sandwiched from the outside in the radial direction of the sheet support member 25.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the extending portion 36 of the sheet 13 is a portion that is extended from a bent portion 35 that is fixed to the sheet support member 25 by the sandwiching tool 14, and is folded inward from the bent portion 35. It is a part, and is formed so as to cover the drainage part 33, the culture medium M, and the crop C. The sheet 13 has such a size that the drainage part 33 and the extension part 36 can be formed. With the sheet 13 having such a size, if a disease occurs in the crop C, the culture medium M or the drainage of the culture solution in the drainage channel 34 can be covered and disposed of. A drainage channel 34 for discharging the drainage of the culture solution exuded from the medium M by the drainage part 33 is formed long in the longitudinal direction. The sheet 13 is supported along the inclination of the medium support part 28 of the cultivation bed 12 so that the medium contact part 32 is inclined downward toward the drainage channel 34 side. Further, the sheet 13 is folded at the bent portion 35 so that the drainage portion 33 has a gentle downward slope in the front-rear direction so that the drainage of the culture solution flows down from the upstream side toward the downstream side toward the drainage port 37. The support material 25 is supported by being sandwiched by a plurality of sandwiching tools 14. That is, the drainage channel 34 formed by the sheet 13 is configured to have a gentle downward slope in the front-rear direction so that the drainage of the culture solution flows from the upstream side toward the downstream side toward the drainage port 37. Yes.

[Culture supply system]
2 (a) and 2 (b), the culture liquid supply system 15 includes a liquid fertilizer tank 38, a liquid supply pump 39, a filter 40, a first valve 41, and a second valve 42. And a third valve 43, a supply pipe 44, and an infusion tool 45 branched from the supply pipe 44 for each crop C to be cultivated. The liquid fertilizer tank 38 stores the culture solution supplied to the crop C, and is buried under the floor surface in order to prevent the culture solution from being exposed to sunlight. The liquid supply pump 39 sends the culture solution from the liquid fertilizer tank 38 to the instillation device 45 through the supply pipe 44. The filter 40 traps the culture solution sucked from the liquid fertilizer tank 38 to prevent clogging of the supply pipe 44 and the infusion device 45. The first valve 41 controls the supply of the culture solution to the crop C in the first row. The 2nd valve | bulb 42 controls supply of the culture solution to the crop C of the 2nd row. The third valve 43 appropriately returns the culture solution to the liquid fertilizer tank 38. The drip tool 45 is fixed by a support pin 46 so that the culture solution is dropped on the stock of the crop C. The culture fluid is supplied to the crop C by operating the feed pump 39, the first valve 41, the second valve 42, the third valve 43 and the timely operation.

[Culture fluid recovery system]
As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the culture fluid drainage recovery system 16 includes a drainage channel 34 formed by the sheet 13, a drainage port 37 formed in the sheet 13, A drain pipe 47, a relay tank 48, a drain pump 49, and a drain tank 50 are provided. The drainage channel 34 is configured to flow the drainage of the culture solution toward the drainage port 37 in the direction in which the crops C are arranged. The drainage pipe 47 guides the drainage of the culture solution from the drainage port 37 of the sheet 13 to the relay tank 48. In addition, a member for preventing liquid leakage such as a hose nipple (not shown) is used at a connection portion between the drain port 37 and the drain pipe 47 of the sheet 13. The relay tank 48 is provided such that the liquid level is lower than the drainage port 37 of the sheet 13, and the culture fluid drained from the drainage port 37 of the sheet 13 passes through the drainage pipe 47. It is configured to naturally flow down to the relay tank 48. The drainage pump 49 pumps the drainage from the relay tank 48 to the drainage tank 50. The drainage tank 50 is composed of a light shielding member, and collects and stores the drainage of the culture solution. The drainage tank 50 may be buried under the floor surface in the same manner as the liquid fertilizer tank 38. In this case, the relay tank 48 and the drainage pump 49 are not required. In this way, since all of the drainage of the used culture solution is finally collected in the drainage tank 50, it may cause an environmental load as in the case where the drainage of the culture solution is dripped to the outside. Absent.

〔Culture medium〕
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 (a), and 2 (b), the medium M is a coconut shell medium (an example of an “organic medium”) derived from a natural organic coconut shell, and is formed long in the longitudinal direction. And is covered with a waterproof film F. By using the coconut shell medium, the balance between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the rhizosphere environment of the crop C is improved. In other words, the culture medium supplied to the crop C is appropriately retained in the medium M and kept in the root of the crop C. Since the supplied oxygen is retained, it is suitable for the growth of the crop C. In the film F, three holes d are formed in the front-rear direction at a position near the drainage channel 34 on the bottom side of the medium M, and surplus of the culture solution supplied to the medium M from the holes d. Minutes are exuded and discharged to the drainage channel 34 side. In addition, a seedling pot R for each crop C is placed on the upper side of the film F, and a passage hole h that allows passage of the seedling root of the crop C planted in the seedling pot R is formed.

[Seedling pot]
As shown in FIG. 1, the seedling pot R is provided with a side wall portion w covering the side surface of the soil S for growing the seedling of the crop C, and a hole portion P for allowing the root of the crop C to pass downward. ing. A seed pot of crop C is sown in a seedling pot R provided with such a hole P and a general-purpose pot (not shown) in which a liquid discharge hole smaller than the hole P of the seedling pot R is formed. Raise seedlings. Then, the seedling pot R is extracted from the general-purpose pot, and the seedling pot R in which the seedling of the crop C is planted is placed in the passage hole h of the medium M, whereby the planting of the crop C with respect to the medium M is performed.

[Means for adjusting the inclination angle of the seat]
In the case where the floor is covered with the sheet 13 on the farm field, the floor may soften and sink due to the weight of the gantry 11 after heavy rain. In such a case, the inclination angle in the left-right direction of the seat 13 and the inclination angle in the front-rear direction of the drainage channel 34 of the seat 13 change. The cultivation apparatus is provided with an adjusting means capable of adjusting the inclination angle in the left-right direction of the sheet 13 or the inclination angle in the front-rear direction of the drainage channel 34 of the sheet 13. Specifically, the above-described holding tool 14 corresponds to the adjusting means.

  In order to adjust the inclination angle of the sheet 13 in the left-right direction, the sandwiching of the sheet 13 by either one of the right and left holding tools 14 is once loosened, and the sheet 13 is pulled up or down, and a downward inclination is generated toward the drainage portion 33 side. Thus, the sheet 13 is again fixed to the sheet support member 25 by the holding tool 14 at the new bent portion 35. Thereby, it can adjust so that the drainage of the culture solution exuded from the culture medium M may flow into the drainage channel 34 side. As described above, since the inclination angle in the left-right direction of the seat 13 can be adjusted only by operating the holding tool 14, the adjustment work can be easily performed.

  Further, in order to adjust the inclination angle of the drainage channel 34 of the seat 13 in the front-rear direction, the sandwiching of the seat 13 by the sandwiching tool 14 securing the upstream portion of the seat 13 is once loosened, and the seat 13 is pulled up and fixed. . This is adjusted by operating the clamping tool 14 at each location so that the drainage portion 33 of the sheet 13 gradually decreases toward the drainage port 37 side. Thereby, it can adjust so that the drainage channel 34 of the sheet | seat 13 may incline from an upstream side to a downstream side, and it can adjust so that the drainage of a culture solution may flow to the drainage port 37 side in the drainage channel 34, without staying. As described above, the tilt angle in the front-rear direction of the drainage channel 34 of the seat 13 can be adjusted only by sequentially operating the holding tool 14, and thus the adjustment work can be easily performed.

[Cultivation method]
As shown in FIG. 4, the steps included in the cultivation method when using the cultivation apparatus described above are as follows.
First, an intervening process is performed in which a waterproof sheet 13 is interposed on the lower surface side of the medium M on which the crop C has been planted (step # 1). As the medium M, as described above, an organic medium is used.

  Then, a medium support process is performed in which the sheet 13 and the medium M are supported from below the medium M (step # 2). Then, a sheet support process is performed in which the sheet 13 is supported at a position higher than the position where the sheet 13 and the medium M are supported from below (step # 3).

  And the crop C grown by the seedling pot R provided with the side wall part w which covers the side surface of the cultivation soil S and the hole P for the root of the crop C to pass downward is used, and the hole of the seedling pot R is used. By placing the part P side on the medium M, a planting process in which the crop C is planted on the medium M is performed (step # 4).

  Then, a covering step is performed in which the drainage channel 34 is covered by the extending portion 36 extended from the portion of the sheet 13 supported at a position higher than the position where the medium M is supported from below (step # 5). In this covering step, the stock of the medium M and the crop C is also covered by the extending portion 36. At this time, of course, the infusion tool 45 is also covered inside the extending portion 36 of the sheet 13.

  Then, the feed pump 39, the first valve 41, the second valve 42, and the third valve 43 in the culture solution supply system 15 are actuated in a timely manner so that the culture solution is supplied from the instillation device 45 to the medium M of each crop. A supply process is performed (step # 6).

  Then, a drainage process is performed in which the drained liquid exuded from the medium M is drained from the drainage channel 34 of the sheet 13 formed at a position different from the position where the sheet 13 and the medium M are supported (step # 7). . In this drainage process, the drainage is guided to the outside position of the medium M in plan view. In this drainage process, the drainage is guided to the drainage channel 34 side. In this drainage process, the drainage present in the drainage channel 34 is guided to the outside of the sheet 13 through the drainage port 37 and discharged.

  Then, in the culture fluid drainage recovery system 16, the drainage pump 49 is operated to collect the culture fluid drainage discharged from the drainage port 37 and flowing from the drainage pipe 47 to the relay tank 48 into the recovery tank. A collecting step is performed (step # 8).

  Next, when the posture of the gantry 11, the cultivation bed 12, or the sheet 13 is changed while the crop C is growing, such as when the floor surface softens and sinks with the weight of the gantry 11, the inclination angle of the sheet 13 Alternatively, an adjustment process for adjusting the inclination angle of the drainage channel 34 is appropriately performed (step # 9).

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, the gantry 11 provided with the upper cross member 21 and the sinking prevention cross member 22 is shown as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, there may be another pedestal 71 provided with a support 69 having a height similar to that of the sheet support member 25 without the upper cross member and the settling prevention cross member, The number of parts can be reduced, and the production cost of the cultivation device can be reduced.

  (2) In the above embodiment, the support column 19, the lower cross member 20, the upper cross member 21, the settling prevention cross member 22, the string suspension member 23, the culture medium support member 24, and the sheet support member 25 are pipe members having a cylindrical cross section. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and pipe materials having irregular cross sections, solid materials having various cross sectional shapes, and the like may be used.

  (3) In the above-described embodiment, the drainage channel 34 has been described as being formed from the beginning of the cultivation apparatus. However, the drainage channel 34 is not limited thereto, and the drainage channel 34 is not always formed, but is cultured on the sheet 13. It may be configured to form a drainage channel 34 that temporarily drains the culture fluid drainage when the liquid drainage accumulates.

  (4) In the above embodiment, the sheet support member 25 that supports the sheet 13 at a position higher than the medium support part 28 of the cultivation bed 12 that is an example of the medium support unit is shown as an example of the sheet support unit. However, the sheet support means may be other sheet supporting means. For example, it may be another sheet support means for supporting the sheet 13 at substantially the same height position as the culture medium support portion 28 of the cultivation bed 12 or may be a height lower than the culture medium support portion 28 of the cultivation bed 12. Other sheet supporting means for supporting the sheet 13 at the position may be used.

  (5) In the above embodiment, the cultivation bed 12 provided with the first wall part 26, the groove part 27, the culture medium support part 28, and the second wall part 29 is shown as an example of the culture medium supporting means. It is not restricted to this, Other culture medium support means may be sufficient.

  (5-1) For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a first wall 96, a first groove 97a adjacent to the first wall 96, a medium support 98 adjacent to the first groove 97a, and a medium support The cultivation bed 82 provided with the second groove part 97b adjacent to the part 98 and the second wall part 99 adjacent to the second groove part 97b may be provided as the medium support means. Thereby, two drainage channels, drainage channel 104a and drainage channel 104b, are formed on both lateral sides of the medium M by the sheet 13. Further, although not particularly illustrated, a drain outlet is also formed for each drainage channel 104a and drainage channel 104b.

  (5-2) In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the culture bed 112 without the first wall 96 and the second wall 99 from the cultivation bed 112 shown in FIG. You may provide as a support means.

  (5-3) In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the culture bed 122 in which the first groove 97 a and the second groove 97 b are further eliminated from the cultivation bed 112 shown in FIG. It may be provided as a means. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the sheet 13 may be supported by the sheet support member 25 so that the drainage channel 104 a is formed only on one side of the medium M in FIG. 8.

  (5-4) In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the culture medium M is directly supported on the pair of culture medium support materials 24 in the left-right direction without using the cultivation bed. 24 may serve as a medium support means. In this case, although not particularly illustrated, a drainage channel may be formed between the left and right medium support members 24.

  (6) In the above embodiment, the culture medium M is placed on the sheet 13, but the present invention is not limited to this. A vertical spacer is placed on the sheet 13, and the culture medium M is placed on the spacer. You may do it. Thereby, the air permeability of the culture medium M is improved, and the supply of oxygen to the roots of the crop C can be improved.

  (7) In the above-described embodiment, the clamping device 14 having a semicircular cross section is shown as an example of the sheet supporting unit. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other sheet supporting unit may be used.

  (7-1) For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the sheet 13 is disposed on the lateral side of the sheet support member 25 along the sheet support member 25, and the sheet 13 is sandwiched between the sheet support member 25 from the lateral direction. A possible holding member 135 may be provided as a sheet supporting means.

  (7-2) In addition, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the sandwiching material 135 is disposed on the upper side of the sheet support member 25, and the sheet 13 is disposed between the sandwiching member 135 and the sheet support member 25 in the vertical direction. You may be comprised so that it may be inserted | pinched and supported.

  (7-3) In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the sheet 13 is composed of three members including a sheet support member 25, a sandwiching member 135, and an insertion member 136 inserted through the overlapping portion of the sheet 13. It may be a sheet supporting means that sandwiches the sheet.

  (8) In the above embodiment, the clamping device 14 is shown as an example of the adjusting means, but is not limited thereto, and other adjusting means may be used.

  (8-1) For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the sheet 13 is rolled up by fixing the sheet support material 25 and turning around the sheet support material 25 as shown in FIG. 11. The adjusting means may be configured to be able to be wound down.

  (8-2) In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, the sheet 13 is wound up by moving the sandwiching material 135 shown in FIG. 11 up and down while fixing the sheet support material 25. The adjusting means may be configured to be able to perform the lowering.

  (9) In the above-described embodiment, the crop C of fruit vegetables such as tomatoes has been described as an example of the crop cultivated by the cultivation device. There may be.

  (10) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a coconut shell medium that is an organic medium derived from a natural organic coconut shell is used as the medium M is shown. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the resin material, rice husk, peat moss, sawdust, You may use the organic culture medium derived from other natural organic substances, such as mixed soil. In addition, other organic media composed of organic compounds such as polyurethane, polyphenol, and plastic pellets, and inorganic media such as rock wool, leki, sand, rice bran charcoal, perlite, and glass beads can also be used as the media. Further, as the medium M, an inorganic medium such as rock wool or gravel may be used.

  (11) In the above embodiment, placing the seedling pot R in which the seedling of the crop C is planted on the medium M and allowing the crop C to be planted in the medium M is an example of an aspect in which the crop C is cultivated. Although shown, it is not restricted to this, For example, the cultivation soil as the culture medium M was accommodated in big containers, such as a flower pot with a comparatively large capacity | capacitance, the crop C was planted in advance in the cultivation soil, and the crop C was planted. An aspect in which the cultivation of the crop C is performed by incorporating the container into the cultivation apparatus may be employed.

  (12) In the above embodiment, an example in which the cultivation apparatus is installed on a relatively soft floor formed by laying the sheet 13 on the farm field is shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cultivation apparatus is concrete or the like. It may be installed on a hard floor consisting of

  (13) In the above embodiment, the steps of the cultivation method are shown in the order of the intervening step, the medium supporting step, the sheet supporting step, the planting step, the covering step, the supplying step, the draining step, the collecting step, and the adjusting step. It is not restricted to this, The cultivation method by which the order of these processes was replaced as needed may be sufficient.

13: Seat 14: Clamp ("Adjustment means")
25: Sheet support material ("sheet support means")
28: Medium support part ("medium support means")
34: drainage channel 36: extension part 37: drainage port C: crop M: medium R: seedling pot S: culture soil P: hole w: side wall part

Claims (16)

A waterproof sheet interposed on the lower surface side of the medium in which the plant is planted, and
Medium support means disposed below the medium and supporting the sheet and the medium from below;
Sheet support means for supporting the sheet,
The cultivation apparatus by which the drainage channel for draining the drained liquid exuded from the said culture medium by the said sheet | seat in the position different from the said culture medium support means is formed.   The cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the drainage channel is formed at an outer position of the culture medium in a plan view. The sheet is provided with an extending portion extending from the sheet supporting means,
The cultivation device according to claim 1 or 2 in which said extension part is formed so that said drainage channel may be covered.   The cultivation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the extension part is formed so as to cover the culture medium.   The cultivation apparatus as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4 with which the said sheet | seat is supported by the said culture medium support means so that it may become a downward slope toward the said drainage channel side. The sheet is provided with a drain outlet for discharging the drainage present in the drainage channel to the outside of the sheet,
The cultivation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drainage channel is configured to be inclined downward toward the drainage port side.   The cultivation apparatus as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 6 with which the adjustment means which can adjust the inclination-angle of the said sheet | seat or the inclination-angle of the said drainage channel is provided.   An intervening process in which a waterproof sheet is interposed on the lower surface side of a medium in which crops are planted, a medium supporting process in which the sheet and the medium are supported from below the medium, and a sheet supporting process in which the sheet is supported And a draining step in which the drained liquid exuded from the medium is discharged from a drainage channel of the sheet formed at a position different from the position where the sheet and the medium are supported.   The cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein, in the draining step, the drainage is guided to an outer position of the culture medium in a plan view.   The cultivation method of Claim 8 or 9 including the coating | covering process in which the said drainage channel is covered by the extension part extended from the part of the said sheet | seat.   The cultivation method according to claim 10, wherein in the covering step, the culture medium is covered with the extending portion.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein in the draining step, the drainage is led to the drainage channel side.   13. The drainage process according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein in the draining step, the drainage is led to a drainage outlet that drains the drainage present in the drainage channel to the outside of the sheet. Cultivation method.   The cultivation method as described in any one of Claims 8 thru | or 13 including the adjustment process in which the inclination angle of the said sheet | seat or the inclination angle of the said drainage channel is adjusted.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein an organic medium is used as the medium.   The crop grown in a seedling pot provided with a side wall covering the side of the culture soil and a hole for allowing the roots of the crop to pass downward is used, and the hole side of the seedling pot is placed on the side of the culture medium. The cultivation method as described in any one of Claims 8 thru | or 15 including the planting process by which the said crop is planted to the said culture medium by mounting on top.

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