JP3654867B2 - Oil processing equipment for plastic materials - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention mainly relates to an oil processing apparatus for oil processing waste plastic materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the amount of plastic materials to be discarded has been increasing year by year, and most of them are currently being landfilled as garbage, but recently it has become difficult to secure a landfill site for waste. The current situation is a major social problem.
[0003]
By the way, plastic materials to be discarded contain a large amount of energy. In recent years, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-170081 also shows that an oil component is extracted from plastic waste to reuse resources. Such an oil processing apparatus for plastic materials has been developed.
[0004]
The processing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-170081 discloses a heating furnace, a pyrolysis tank assembled in the heating furnace, and a charging port provided in the pyrolysis tank so as to be loaded therein. It is equipped with an inner pot.
[0005]
In order to liquefy the plastic material with this processing device, the inlet of the thermal decomposition tank is opened, the inner pot is taken out, the waste plastic material is put into the inner pot, and then the inner pot is heated again. It is loaded into the cracking tank, the pyrolysis tank is heated by a heating furnace to thermally decompose the plastic in the inner pot, and the cracked gas generated from the plastic material is discharged from the pyrolysis tank to the cooler via the discharge pipe. It is led to cool and liquefy.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above oil treatment apparatus is of a batch type, and it is necessary to temporarily stop the operation of the oil treatment apparatus, and it takes a certain time to cool the inner pot and the like. Therefore, there is a problem that the oil conversion process is inefficient, and the entire device is a very large plant, which increases the manufacturing cost and secures sufficient installation space. There are also problems such as having to.
[0007]
The present invention was developed in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a plastic material oil treatment apparatus that can be provided in a compact and inexpensive manner and that can be continuously operated. is there.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the housing is provided with an inlet for the plastic material to be processed in the housing, and below the inlet chamber, and the plastic material is thermally decomposed and gasified by heating by the heating means. For cooling the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber provided above the side of the pyrolysis chamber in the housing, and a gate for blocking and communicating the pyrolysis chamber with the input chamber A cooling chamber is provided, and the gate is provided with a guide surface for guiding the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber obliquely upward from the pyrolysis chamber toward the cooling chamber. It is what.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a plurality of cooling chambers according to claim 1 are provided.
[0011]
The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that an inert gas injection port is opened in the charging chamber of the oil treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.
[0012]
The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that a discharge port for discharging mainly generated oil is provided below the cooling chamber in the oil treatment apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3. Is.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an oil purification apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram of the oil purification apparatus.
[0014]
This oil processing apparatus is mainly used to oil-treat waste plastic materials made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Basically, an input chamber 2 in which a plastic material to be processed is put into a housing 1. A thermal decomposition chamber 4 provided below the charging chamber 2 for thermally decomposing and plasticizing the plastic material by heating with a heating device 3 as a heating means, and blocking of the thermal decomposition chamber 4 mainly with respect to the charging chamber 2 A lower gate 5a and an upper gate 5b for communicating, a lower cooling chamber 6a for cooling the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 4 provided above the side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 in the housing 1 and The upper cooling chamber 6b is provided.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the input chamber 21 is provided at the uppermost position in the housing 1, and a plastic material input port 21 is opened in the ceiling portion of the input chamber 2. The lid 22 is opened and closed.
[0016]
In addition, an inert gas inlet 23 and an outlet 24 for gas leaked from the communication passage 40 to the input chamber 2 are opened in the input chamber 2.
[0017]
The pyrolysis chamber 4 communicates with the charging chamber 2 through a communication passage 40 provided in the upper portion thereof, and a burner 31 constituting the heating device 3 is disposed below the lower surface of the pyrolysis chamber 4. It is installed.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2, the heating device 3 includes a burner 31, a pump 32 for sending fuel to the burner 31, a heater 33 for heating the fuel, and a fuel tank 34 for storing the fuel. Has been.
[0019]
The lower cooling chamber 6a is provided above the side of the pyrolysis chamber 4, specifically, on the outer side in the middle of the communication path 40, and the upper cooling chamber 6b is above the side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 and It is provided above the lower cooling chamber 6 a, specifically, on the outer side of the boundary between the communication path 40 and the charging chamber 2.
[0020]
In both the cooling chambers 6a and 6b, a cooling pipe 71 constituting the cooling device 7 is disposed.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling device 7 includes the above-described cooling pipe 71, a water storage tank 72 for storing cold water, a pump 73 for supplying cold water in the water storage tank to the cooling pipe 71, and a water storage tank 72. And a chiller 74 for cooling the stored water.
[0022]
The lower portions of the cooling chambers 6a and 6b are formed in a funnel shape, and oil discharge ports 61a and 61b generated in the cooling chambers 6a and 6b are provided at the center thereof.
[0023]
The oil discharge ports 61a and 61b communicate with the oil storage tank 63 via the oil discharge pipe 62 as shown in FIG.
[0024]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower gate 5 a is disposed in the middle of the communication path 40, and the upper gate 5 b is disposed at the boundary between the communication path 40 and the input chamber 2. The lower gate 5a reciprocates between a position that interrupts the middle of the communication passage 40 (position indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1) and a position that retreats within the lower cooling chamber 6a (position indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1). The upper gate 5b is moved, and a position where the entrance of the communication passage 40 is blocked (a position indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1) and a position where the upper gate 5b is retracted into the upper cooling chamber 6a (a position indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1). To reciprocate between.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 1, the lower gate 5a is inclined and arranged so as to move obliquely upward from the communication passage 40 of the pyrolysis chamber 4 toward the lower cooling chamber 6a, and the lower surface of the lower gate 5a. Is provided with a guide surface 51a for guiding the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 4 so as to be inclined obliquely upward from the communication passage 40 of the pyrolysis chamber 4 toward the lower cooling chamber 6a. ing.
[0026]
In addition, even in the upper gate 5b, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper gate 5b is inclined so as to move obliquely upward from the communication passage 40 of the pyrolysis chamber 4 toward the upper cooling chamber 6b. Also on the lower surface of 5b, a guide surface 51b for guiding the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 4 by tilting obliquely upward from the communication passage 40 of the pyrolysis chamber 4 toward the upper cooling chamber 6b to the upper cooling chamber 6b. Is provided.
[0027]
The reciprocating movement of the lower gate 6a and the upper gate 6b may be performed manually by an operator or may be performed automatically by a drive device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the reciprocation of the lower gate 6a and the upper gate 6b is performed manually by the operator.
[0028]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 41 denotes an inspection work port provided in the pyrolysis chamber 4, which is used when discharging the residue remaining in the pyrolysis chamber 4.
[0029]
Next, a usage example of the above-described oil treatment apparatus will be described. First, the upper gate 5b and the lower gate 5a are positioned at the positions indicated by the solid lines in FIG. 1, the thermal decomposition chamber 4 is shut off from the charging chamber 2, the opening / closing lid 22 is opened, and the plastic is opened from the charging port 21. The material is charged into the charging chamber 2 together with the catalyst, and the plastic material thus charged is placed on the upper gate 5b.
[0030]
At this time, an inert gas may be injected into the input chamber 2 from the inert gas injection port 23, and oxygen is introduced into the input chamber 2 from the input port 21 by the injection of the inert gas. The penetration of the vaporized gas pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber 4 into the input chamber 2 can be suppressed.
[0031]
When a predetermined amount of plastic material is charged into the charging chamber 2, the closing gate 22 is then closed with the opening / closing lid 22, the lower gate 5 a and the upper gate 5 b are opened, and the plastic material is removed from the pyrolysis chamber 4. Then, the gates 5a and 5b are closed again.
The opening operation of the lower gate 5a and the upper gate 5b may be performed by opening both the gates 5a and 5b at the same time and dropping the plastic material on the upper gate 5b directly into the thermal decomposition chamber 4 or first. Only the upper gate 5b is opened, and the plastic material on the upper gate 5b is once dropped on the lower gate 5a, and then the upper gate 5b is closed and the lower gate 5a is opened to heat the plastic material on the lower gate 5a. It may be dropped into the decomposition chamber 4.
[0032]
Accordingly, the plastic material dropped into the pyrolysis chamber 4 which is in a high temperature atmosphere by the heating device 3 is pyrolyzed and gasified with the passage of time, and the vaporized gas rises in the communication passage 40 and flows into the lower part. After being received by the gate 5a, it is smoothly guided to the lower cooling chamber 6a by the guide by the guide surface 51a of the lower gate 5a.
[0033]
The vaporized gas flowing into the lower cooling chamber 6a is cooled and liquefied in the lower cooling chamber 6a, and the oil generated by the liquefaction and a part of the vaporized gas are released from the oil discharge pipe 62 through the discharge port 61a to the oil storage tank. 63 is collected.
[0034]
The vaporized gas that has flowed into the communication passage 40 above the lower gate 5a from the gap between the lower gate 5a and the casing 1 is received by the upper gate 5b, and is guided by the guide surface 51b of the upper gate 5b. Guided smoothly.
[0035]
The vaporized gas flowing into the upper cooling chamber 6b is cooled and liquefied in the upper cooling chamber 6b, and oil generated by liquefaction and a part of the vaporized gas are stored in the oil discharge pipe 62 through the discharge port 61b. It is collected in the tank 63.
[0036]
In the oil treatment apparatus of the above embodiment, the plastic material is sequentially fed from the charging chamber 2 to the thermal decomposition chamber 4 according to the procedure described above in accordance with the thermal decomposition processing status in the thermal decomposition chamber 4. In addition, when the plastic material is charged into the charging chamber 2 during the operation, the charging chamber 2 and the thermal decomposition chamber 4 are blocked by the upper gate 5b and the lower gate 5a. The vaporized gas thermally decomposed in the decomposition chamber 4 is prevented from leaking from the inlet 21 to the outside.
[0037]
Accordingly, the filling amount of the inert gas into the charging chamber 2 may be small, and depending on the operating conditions, the oiling process can be performed without filling the charging chamber 2 with the inert gas.
[0038]
In addition, it is preferable to discharge | emit regularly the residue which generate | occur | produces in the thermal decomposition chamber 4 with the heat processing of a plastic material.
[0039]
Thus, according to the oil treatment apparatus of the above embodiment, two gates 5a and 5b are provided in the upper and lower sides in the communication passage 40, and two gates 5a and 5b are provided on the side of the communication passage 45 in correspondence with each gate 5a and 5b. By providing the cooling chambers 6a and 6b at the top and bottom, it is not necessary to strictly seal between the lower gate 5a and the casing 1, which is difficult to ensure a sufficient sealing performance with a sealing material because it is close to the heating source. In other words, the vaporized gas leaking from the gap between the lower gate 5a and the casing 1 can be cooled again in the upper cooling chamber 6b and subjected to an oil treatment.
[0040]
Therefore, according to the above-described oil generating apparatus, it is not necessary to secure a sealing function at a high temperature part where it is difficult to ensure sealing performance, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced by that amount, and the vaporized gas can be maintained. It is possible to reliably perform the oil conversion treatment.
[0041]
Moreover, in the oil treatment apparatus of the above embodiment, since the two cooling chambers are provided in two stages in the vertical direction, the properties of the vaporized gas flowing into the cooling chambers 6a and 6b having different heights are different, and the cooling chambers 6a. -Oil of different quality is obtained in 6b.
[0042]
Moreover, according to the oil treatment apparatus of the above embodiment, since the upper gate 5b is installed in an oblique state, the plastic material put on the upper gate 5b is heated by opening the upper gate 5b. When thrown into the decomposition chamber 4, the plastic material put on the upper gate 5b can be smoothly and reliably put into the thermal decomposition chamber 4.
[0043]
In the above embodiment, the inert gas inlet 23 is provided to inject the inert gas into the input chamber 2. However, depending on the operation state of the oil treatment apparatus, the inert gas is not necessarily supplied into the input chamber 2. There is no need to introduce it.
[0044]
Further, in the above embodiment, the gates 5a and 5b are provided in the upper and lower stages in the communication passage 40, and the cooling chambers 6a and 6b are provided in two stages in the upper and lower sides corresponding to these gates 5a and 5b. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the gate and the cooling chamber may be provided in three upper and lower stages, four upper and lower stages, or only one stage.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the housing is provided with an input chamber for the plastic material to be processed in the housing, and below the input chamber, and the plastic material is thermally decomposed by heating by the heating means to gas. A pyrolysis chamber for converting the pyrolysis chamber, a gate for blocking and communicating the pyrolysis chamber with the input chamber, and cooling the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber provided above the side of the pyrolysis chamber in the housing Provided with a guide surface for guiding the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber to the cooling chamber by being inclined obliquely upward from the pyrolysis chamber toward the cooling chamber. As a matter of course, the oil treatment apparatus can be made compact and inexpensive, and even during the thermal decomposition treatment of the plastic material in the thermal decomposition chamber, the plastic can be sequentially put into the charging chamber to perform continuous operation. Liquefaction process Chick material efficiently performed, yet can be introduced smoothly into the cooling chamber guiding the vaporized gas produced by the pyrolysis chamber by the guide surfaces of the gate.
[0046]
In addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the invention according to claim 2 is provided with a plurality of cooling chambers according to claim 1, and the properties of vaporized gas flowing into each cooling chamber are different. It is possible to obtain different quality oil in each cooling chamber.
[0048]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the inert gas injection port is opened in the charging chamber of the oil processing apparatus according to the first or second aspect. In addition to the above effects, by injecting an inert gas from the inlet into the input chamber, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of oxygen into the input chamber and the intrusion of the vaporized gas pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber into the input chamber. Further, the plasticizing process can be efficiently performed.
[0049]
According to the invention described in claim 4, by providing the discharge port for discharging mainly generated oil below the cooling chamber in the oil treatment apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3. In addition to the effects of the invention according to claim 1, 2, or 3, the generated oil can be recovered smoothly.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an oil recovery processing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram showing an embodiment of an oil recovery processing apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Housing 2 Input Chamber 21 Input Port 22 Opening and Closing Lid 3 Heating Device (Heating Means)
4 pyrolysis chamber 5a lower gate 5b upper gate 51a guide surface 51b guide surface 6a lower cooling chamber 6b upper cooling chamber 61a outlet 61b outlet

Claims (4)

An input chamber provided with an input port for the plastic material to be processed in the housing, a pyrolysis chamber provided below the input chamber for thermally decomposing the plastic material by heating by a heating means, and an input chamber for a gate for performing blocking and communication of the pyrolysis chamber, provided above a side of the pyrolysis chamber provided with a cooling chamber for cooling the generated gas in the pyrolysis chamber in the housing, wherein A plastic material oil characterized in that the gate is provided with a guide surface that is inclined obliquely upward from the pyrolysis chamber toward the cooling chamber and guides the gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber to the cooling chamber. Processing equipment.   2. The plastic material oil converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of cooling chambers are provided.   3. The plastic material oil converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inert gas inlet is opened in the charging chamber.   4. The plastic material oil converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a discharge port for discharging mainly generated oil is provided below the cooling chamber.

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