JP3653863B2 - Non-woven fabric for liquid filter and liquid filtration apparatus using the same - Google Patents
Non-woven fabric for liquid filter and liquid filtration apparatus using the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液体濾過、たとえば放電加工機用フィルター等でのフィルター交換直後に発生する濾過性能の低い状態（初期洩れ）を大幅に改善した高寿命の液体フィルター用不織布およびそれからなる液体濾過装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
放電加工機等に使用されるフィルター基材は、一般に、プリーツ加工を施し、フィルターユニット中での表面積を大きくし、濾過機能を高めたものが使用される。そこで、使用されるフィルター基材にはプリーツ加工が可能である必要があり、不織布にその特性を持たすためには、不織布を部分的に圧着し、ある程度の硬さや強力を持たす必要がある。また、濾過性能を満足させるために、不織布の見掛密度を高めたり、目付の高い不織布を使用する。
【０００３】
そこで従来から、この機能を満足させるために、液体フィルター用不織布として、一部、共重合ポリエステル成分を含むポリエステル連続フィラメントからなる部分的に圧着した不織布を使用することが知られている。
【０００４】
この不織布は通常紡糸口金から、溶融紡出された連続フィラメントをエアーサッカー等の手段により吸引延伸し、移動する網状体の上に開繊堆積させ連続フィラメントウェブとし、次いで同ウェブを部分的に熱圧着するという方法で得られている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、このような従来の液体フィルター用不織布では、放電加工機用フィルター等に使用した場合、フィルター交換直後の初期洩れ状態が長く続くため、実用上の問題がなくなるまで予備運転を行い、濾過可能となるまでスラッジによる濾過層の形成が必要であった。
【０００６】
本発明は、前記問題を解決し、フィルター交換直後の初期洩れがなく、予備運転することなく実用でき、放電加工機用フィルターとしても十分な性能を持った高寿命の液体フィルター用不織布およびそれからなる液体濾過装置を提供しようとするものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、かかる課題を解決すべく、次のような構成を採用する。すなわち本発明の液体フィルター用不織布は、鞘成分が芯成分に対し２０℃以上低い融点を有する共重合ポリエステルからなり、かつ該鞘成分が５〜３０重量％を占めるポリエステル系芯鞘型複合フィラメントからなる部分的に圧着された不織布であって、該不織布の見掛密度が０．５ｇ／ｃｍ ３ 未満であり、かつ、少なくとも一方の面の、ＪＩＳ−Ｂ０６０１に準じて測定される該圧着部のくぼみの平均深さから求められる表面粗さ指数が０．１以下であることを特徴とするものである。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、液体フィルターの濾過面として使用する不織布表面の圧着部の深さが、液体濾過での初期洩れ状態に大きく影響を与えることを究明して完成されたものである。具体的には、該フィルターの圧着部の形状、構造を特定なものにすると、開始時のスラッジによる濾過層が極めて容易に形成されること、それによって、初期洩れ時間を著しく短縮することを究明したものである。
【０００９】
すなわち、かかる不織布の該圧着部のくぼみの深さと、初期洩れとの関係を検討したところ、該くぼみの平均深さが初期洩れと関係が深いことを究明し、さらには、ＪＩＳ−Ｂ０６０１に準じ測定した算術平均粗さ、たとえば、一般に、金属等の表面状態を確認するために使用される表面粗さを測定する、ＪＩＳ−Ｂ０６５１の触針式表面粗さ測定器の規格に基づく（株）小坂研究所製表面粗さ計ＳＥ−４０Ｃを用いて測定することができるくぼみの平均深さが、密接に関係することを究明した。すなわち、不織布のかかる圧着部のくぼみの深さ度合を表す指数、具体的には、かかるくぼみの平均深さを、該不織布の厚さで除して表される表面粗さ指数が、０．１以下にすることが重要であることに到達したものである。すなわち、かかる表面粗さ指数を、０．１以下とすることで、従来の不織布に比べ大幅に初期洩れ時間を短くできることを見出した。
【００１０】
表面粗さ指数が０．１を越えると、初期洩れ時間が幾何級数的に大きくなっていき、液体フィルターとして適さない。表面粗さ指数を小さくすることは、フィルター濾過面の凹凸及び表面積が小さくなることであり、濾過に必要なスラッジ層の形成が容易になることを意味する。更に、圧着部の構造がルーズになっているため、実質的な濾過部分が拡大し、寿命性能の向上が達成できるものである。本発明の基本思想は、液体フィルターの濾過面として使用する不織布表面の圧着部の深さを浅くし、使用開始時のスラッジによる濾過層の形成を容易にし、初期洩れ時間を短縮することにある。
【００１１】
本発明で言う部分的に圧着された不織布とは、不織布を構成している連続フィラメント間が熱と圧力によって融着し、部分的にくぼみがあること、即ち、フィラメント密度が高くなった部分が点在することを言う。このように、部分的に圧着するためには、通常、加熱した一対のエンボスロールが使用されるが、本発明においては、エンボスロールの形態、組合わせ等について特に規制するものではない。また、圧着部の不織布全体の面積に占める割合も、特に規制するものではないが、より少ない方が好ましく、たとえば、好ましくは１０〜３０％。さらに好ましくは１５〜２０％の範囲で占めるのがよい、具体的には、たとえば圧着部面積が０．５〜１．５mm2 である場合、好ましくは１０〜５０個／cm2 、さらに好ましくは２５〜３５個／cm2 の範囲がよい。
【００１２】
本発明で言う見掛密度とは、不織布の目付を厚さで割った値であり、目付及び厚さについては、ＪＩＳの一般長繊維不織布試験方法に準ずる。
【００１３】
見掛密度が０．５以上の場合は、液体フィルターとして使用した場合、圧損が大きくなるため目詰まりが早くなり、フィルターの寿命性能が大幅に短くなる。一般に、空隙が小さいフィルターは、圧力損失が非常に大きくなることから液体用フィルターには適さない。
【００１４】
本発明のフィルター用不織布は、鞘成分が５〜３０重量％を占めるポリエステル系芯鞘型複合フィラメントで構成されているものである。かかる複合フィラメントとしては、鞘部分が芯成分に対し２０℃以上低い融点を持つ共重合ポリエステルから成ることが、目付の高い不織布を得る上で非常に有効である。更に、芯鞘構造とは、一般的な同心円が最も好ましいが、偏芯円形、異型断面型としても良い。また、かかるポリエステル系フィラメントに酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の添加剤を含んでもよいことは言うまでもない。本発明の共重合ポリエステル成分とは、アジピン酸、イソフタル酸、等を共重合したポリエステルであり、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の添加剤を含んでもよいことは言うまでもない。
【００１５】
本発明のかかる液体フィルター用不織布を、たとえば、放電加工機用フィルター装置に使用すると、フィルター交換直後に発生する濾過性能の低い状態（初期洩れ）を大幅に改善でき、かつ、高寿命の液体濾過装置を提供することができるものである。
【００１６】
【実施例】
次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、実施例における各種特性は次の方法により測定した。
【００１７】
見掛密度：
（目付）／（厚さ）により算出する（単位： g／cm3 ）。
【００１８】
目付及び厚さの測定は、一般長繊維不織布試験方法（ＪＩＳ−Ｌ１９０６）に準ずる。
【００１９】
表面粗さ指数：
（くぼみの平均深さ）／（厚さ）により算出する。
【００２０】
くぼみの平均深さは、表面粗さ測定器（（株）小坂研究所製表面粗さ計ＳＥ−４０Ｃ：ＪＩＳ−Ｂ０６５１の触針式表面粗さ測定器の規格に基づく）を使用して、ＪＩＳ−Ｂ０６０１の表面粗さ規格に準じて求められる算術平均粗さ（Ｒａ）を表す。算術平均粗さは、カットオフ値２．５mm，評価長さ８mmで測定した。
フィルター性能：
計量ポンプを備えた濾過装置に、以下の条件で、初期性能を評価した。
【００２１】
試料の大きさ ：５０mm径
スラッジの種類：ＪＩＳ１１種＋ＪＩＳ８種（重量比７：３）
スラッジの濃度：０．１ g／ｌ（水）
押出流量 ：２００ml／min.
評価尺度
初期洩れ評価：褐色液が無色透明になるまでの時間（単位：ＳＥＣ．）
寿命性能評価：圧損２kg／cm2 に到達するまでの時間（単位：ＳＥＣ．）
実施例１、２、３
融点が２６０℃のポリエチレンテレフタレ−トを芯成分とし、融点が２３０℃のイソフタル酸共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分とし、芯成分と鞘成分の重量比を８：２とした複合連続フィラメントを単糸繊度２ｄで溶融紡出し、空気圧により開繊した後、移動するネット上に堆積させ、１対の加熱エンボスロールを使用し、表面温度２００℃、線圧それぞれ５０、６０、７０Kg／cmで圧着し、目付２７０ g／ｍ2 、厚さ０．６mmの不織布を得た。これら不織布の見掛密度は０．４５であり、不織布の一方の面の表面粗さ指数は、それぞれ０．０４、０．０６、０．０８であった。
【００２２】
初期性能は表面粗さ指数の小さいものの方が良好であったが、寿命性能は同等であり、いずれの水準も、初期性能、寿命性能共に満足のできるものであった。結果を表１に示す。
【００２３】
比較例１、２
融点が２６０℃のポリエチレンテレフタレ−トを芯成分とし、融点が２３０℃のイソフタル酸共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分とし、芯成分と鞘成分の重量比を８：２とした複合連続フィラメントを単糸繊度２ｄで溶融紡出し、空気圧により開繊した後、移動するネット上に堆積させ、１対の加熱エンボスロールを使用し、表面温度それぞれ２１０、２２０℃、線圧７０Kg／cmで圧着し、目付２７０ g／ｍ2 、厚さ０．６mmの不織布を得た。これら不織布の見掛密度は０．４５であり、不織布の一方の面の表面粗さ指数は、それぞれ０．１１、０．１４であった。
初期性能は、非常に悪く、表面粗さ指数０．１４のものは、測定時間中では初期洩れが止まらなかった。結果を表１に示す。
【００２４】
比較例３
融点が２６０℃のポリエチレンテレフタレ−トを芯成分とし、融点が２３０℃のイソフタル酸共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分とし、芯成分と鞘成分の重量比を８：２とした複合連続フィラメントを単糸繊度２ｄで溶融紡出し、空気圧により開繊した後、移動するネット上に堆積させ、１対の加熱エンボスロールを使用し、表面温度２００℃、線圧７０Kg／cmで圧着し、目付２７０ g／ｍ2 の不織布を得た。得られた不織布を表面平滑な１対のカレンダーロールで、厚さ０．５mmとなるよう圧着した。この不織布の見掛密度は０．５４であり、不織布の一方の面の表面粗さ指数は、０．０４であった。
【００２５】
初期性能は問題ないが、圧損上昇が急激であり、寿命性能が短く、液体フィルターとして、十分なものではなかった。結果を表１に示した。
【００２６】
【表１】
【発明の効果】
本発明の液体フィルター用不織布は、たとえば、放電加工機用フィルター等において、フィルター交換直後に発生する濾過性能の低い状態（初期洩れ）を大幅に改善でき、かつ、高寿命の液体フィルターを提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a long-life nonwoven fabric for a liquid filter and a liquid filtration apparatus comprising the same, in which the state of low filtration performance (initial leakage) that occurs immediately after filter replacement in a filter for an electric discharge machine or the like is greatly improved. Is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a filter base material used in an electric discharge machine or the like, generally, a pleated material is used, the surface area in the filter unit is increased, and the filtering function is enhanced. Therefore, the filter substrate used needs to be pleated, and in order to give the nonwoven fabric its characteristics, it is necessary to partially press the nonwoven fabric to have a certain degree of hardness and strength. In order to satisfy the filtration performance, the apparent density of the nonwoven fabric is increased or a nonwoven fabric with a high basis weight is used.
[0003]
Therefore, conventionally, in order to satisfy this function, it is known to use a partially pressure-bonded nonwoven fabric made of a continuous polyester filament containing a copolyester component as a liquid filter nonwoven fabric.
[0004]
This non-woven fabric is usually drawn from a spinneret by sucking and drawing continuous filaments melted and spun by means such as air soccer to open and deposit on a moving net to form a continuous filament web, which is then partially heated. It is obtained by the method of crimping.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, with such conventional nonwoven fabrics for liquid filters, when used in filters for electric discharge machines, the initial leakage state immediately after filter replacement continues for a long time. Until then, it was necessary to form a filtration layer with sludge.
[0006]
The present invention solves the above problems, has no initial leakage immediately after filter replacement, can be put into practical use without preliminary operation, and has a long-life non-woven fabric for liquid filters having sufficient performance as a filter for an electric discharge machine, and the same. A liquid filtration device is to be provided.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such a problem, the present inventors adopt the following configuration. That is, the nonwoven fabric for liquid filters of the present invention is made of a polyester-based core-sheath composite filament in which the sheath component is made of a copolyester having a melting point lower by 20 ° C. or more than the core component, and the sheath component accounts for 5 to 30% by weight. A partially crimped nonwoven fabric, wherein the nonwoven fabric has an apparent density of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 , and at least one surface of the crimped portion measured according to JIS-B0601 The surface roughness index determined from the average depth of the depressions is 0.1 or less.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been completed by investigating that the depth of the pressure-bonding portion of the nonwoven fabric surface used as the filtration surface of the liquid filter greatly affects the initial leakage state in the liquid filtration. Specifically, if the shape and structure of the pressure-bonding part of the filter are specified, it will be found that a filtration layer by sludge at the start can be formed very easily, thereby significantly reducing the initial leakage time. It is a thing.
[0009]
That is, when the relationship between the depth of the depression of the crimped portion of the nonwoven fabric and the initial leakage was examined, it was determined that the average depth of the depression was deeply related to the initial leakage, and further according to JIS-B0601. Based on the JIS-B0651 stylus type surface roughness measuring instrument standard that measures the measured arithmetic average roughness, for example, the surface roughness generally used to confirm the surface condition of metals, etc. It was clarified that the average depth of the indentation that can be measured using a surface roughness meter SE-40C manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory is closely related. That is, an index representing the degree of depression depth of the crimped portion of the nonwoven fabric, specifically, a surface roughness index represented by dividing the average depth of the depression by the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is 0.00. It has been reached that it is important to make it 1 or less. That is, it was found that by setting the surface roughness index to 0.1 or less, the initial leakage time can be significantly shortened as compared with the conventional nonwoven fabric.
[0010]
When the surface roughness index exceeds 0.1, the initial leakage time increases geometrically and is not suitable as a liquid filter. Decreasing the surface roughness index means that the unevenness and surface area of the filter filtration surface are reduced, which means that it is easy to form a sludge layer necessary for filtration. Furthermore, since the structure of the crimping part is loose, the substantial filtration part is enlarged, and the improvement of the life performance can be achieved. The basic idea of the present invention is to reduce the depth of the crimped portion of the nonwoven fabric surface used as the filtration surface of the liquid filter, facilitate the formation of a filtration layer by sludge at the start of use, and shorten the initial leak time. .
[0011]
The partially pressed nonwoven fabric referred to in the present invention means that the continuous filaments constituting the nonwoven fabric are fused together by heat and pressure, and there is a partial depression, that is, the portion where the filament density is increased. Say to be scattered. As described above, a pair of heated embossing rolls is usually used for partial pressure bonding. However, in the present invention, the form and combination of the embossing rolls are not particularly restricted. Further, the ratio of the crimped portion to the entire area of the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited, but is preferably less, for example, preferably 10 to 30%. More preferably, it should occupy in the range of 15 to 20%. Specifically, for example, when the area of the crimping part is 0.5 to 1.5 mm 2 , preferably 10 to 50 pieces / cm 2 , more preferably A range of 25-35 / cm 2 is preferable.
[0012]
The apparent density referred to in the present invention is a value obtained by dividing the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric by the thickness, and the basis weight and thickness conform to the JIS general long-fiber nonwoven fabric test method.
[0013]
When the apparent density is 0.5 or more, when used as a liquid filter, the pressure loss increases, so that clogging is accelerated and the life performance of the filter is significantly shortened. In general, a filter having a small gap is not suitable for a liquid filter because the pressure loss becomes very large.
[0014]
The nonwoven fabric for a filter of the present invention is composed of a polyester core-sheath composite filament in which the sheath component occupies 5 to 30% by weight . As such a composite filament, it is very effective to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a high basis weight when the sheath part is made of a copolyester having a melting point lower by 20 ° C. or more than the core component. Further, the core-sheath structure is most preferably a general concentric circle, but may be an eccentric circular shape or a modified cross-sectional shape. It goes without saying that such polyester filaments may contain additives such as titanium oxide and carbon black. The copolymerized polyester component of the present invention is a polyester obtained by copolymerizing adipic acid, isophthalic acid, and the like, and it goes without saying that additives such as titanium oxide and carbon black may be included.
[0015]
When the non-woven fabric for a liquid filter of the present invention is used in, for example, a filter device for an electric discharge machine, the low filtration performance (initial leakage) that occurs immediately after filter replacement can be greatly improved, and a long-life liquid filtration can be achieved. An apparatus can be provided.
[0016]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples. Various characteristics in the examples were measured by the following methods.
[0017]
Apparent density:
Calculated by (weight per unit area) / (thickness) (unit: g / cm 3 ).
[0018]
The basis weight and thickness are measured in accordance with the general long fiber nonwoven fabric test method (JIS-L1906).
[0019]
Surface roughness index:
Calculated by (average depth of indentation) / (thickness).
[0020]
The average depth of the indentation was measured using a surface roughness measuring device (based on a surface roughness meter SE-40C manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd .: JIS-B0651 stylus type surface roughness measuring device), The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) calculated | required according to the surface roughness specification of JIS-B0601 is represented. The arithmetic average roughness was measured with a cutoff value of 2.5 mm and an evaluation length of 8 mm.
Filter performance:
The initial performance of the filtration device equipped with a metering pump was evaluated under the following conditions.
[0021]
Sample size: 50mm diameter sludge type: JIS11 class + JIS8 class (weight ratio 7: 3)
Sludge concentration: 0.1 g / l (water)
Extrusion flow rate: 200 ml / min.
Evaluation scale initial leakage evaluation: Time until brown liquid becomes colorless and transparent (unit: SEC.)
Life performance evaluation: Time required to reach a pressure drop of 2 kg / cm 2 (unit: SEC.)
Examples 1, 2, 3
A composite continuous filament in which polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 260 ° C. is used as a core component, isophthalic acid copolyester having a melting point of 230 ° C. is used as a sheath component, and the weight ratio of the core component to the sheath component is 8: 2. After melt spinning with a fineness of 2d, opening by air pressure, depositing on a moving net, using a pair of heated embossing rolls, and crimping at a surface temperature of 200 ° C and linear pressures of 50, 60 and 70 kg / cm respectively. A nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 270 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.6 mm was obtained. The apparent density of these nonwoven fabrics was 0.45, and the surface roughness index of one surface of the nonwoven fabric was 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, respectively.
[0022]
The initial performance was better when the surface roughness index was small, but the life performance was the same, and both levels were satisfactory for both initial performance and life performance. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]
Comparative Examples 1 and 2
A composite continuous filament in which polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 260 ° C. is used as a core component, isophthalic acid copolyester having a melting point of 230 ° C. is used as a sheath component, and the weight ratio of the core component to the sheath component is 8: 2. After melt spinning with a fineness of 2d, opening by air pressure, depositing on a moving net, using a pair of heated embossing rolls, crimping at a surface temperature of 210, 220 ° C. and a linear pressure of 70 kg / cm, respectively. A nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 270 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.6 mm was obtained. The apparent density of these nonwoven fabrics was 0.45, and the surface roughness index of one surface of the nonwoven fabric was 0.11 and 0.14, respectively.
The initial performance was very poor, and those with a surface roughness index of 0.14 did not stop initial leakage during the measurement time. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0024]
Comparative Example 3
A composite continuous filament in which polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 260 ° C. is used as a core component, isophthalic acid copolyester having a melting point of 230 ° C. is used as a sheath component, and the weight ratio of the core component to the sheath component is 8: 2. After melt spinning at a fineness of 2d, opening by air pressure, depositing on a moving net, using a pair of heated embossing rolls, crimping at a surface temperature of 200 ° C. and a linear pressure of 70 kg / cm, a basis weight of 270 g / A non-woven fabric of m 2 was obtained. The obtained non-woven fabric was pressure-bonded to a thickness of 0.5 mm with a pair of calendar rolls having a smooth surface. The apparent density of this nonwoven fabric was 0.54, and the surface roughness index of one surface of the nonwoven fabric was 0.04.
[0025]
Although there was no problem with the initial performance, the pressure loss increased rapidly, the life performance was short, and it was not sufficient as a liquid filter. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
【The invention's effect】
The nonwoven fabric for liquid filter of the present invention provides a liquid filter with a long life, which can greatly improve the low filtration performance (initial leakage) that occurs immediately after filter replacement in, for example, a filter for an electric discharge machine. be able to.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12499196A JP3653863B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-05-20 | Non-woven fabric for liquid filter and liquid filtration apparatus using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14068695 | 1995-06-07 | ||
| JP7-140686 | 1995-06-07 | ||
| JP12499196A JP3653863B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-05-20 | Non-woven fabric for liquid filter and liquid filtration apparatus using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0959859A JPH0959859A (en) | 1997-03-04 |
| JP3653863B2 true JP3653863B2 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12499196A Expired - Lifetime JP3653863B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-05-20 | Non-woven fabric for liquid filter and liquid filtration apparatus using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3653863B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4522671B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2010-08-11 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric for filter and method for producing the same |
| JP2005176616A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-07-07 | Unitika Ltd | Binding tape |
| US20210016213A1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-01-21 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Wet non-woven fabric for filter, filter medium for filter, and filter |
| JP7200494B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-01-10 | 東洋紡株式会社 | Wet-laid non-woven fabric for filters |
| JP7200495B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-01-10 | 東洋紡株式会社 | Filter media and filters |
-
1996
- 1996-05-20 JP JP12499196A patent/JP3653863B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0959859A (en) | 1997-03-04 |
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