JP3653690B2 - Conveyance method for conveying objects and structure for reducing friction on the bottom of the object - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for conveying a heavy object and a structure for reducing friction on the bottom surface of the conveyed object for reducing friction between the bottom surface of the conveyed object and the support body when the conveyed object is moved laterally on the support body. Is.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Wheels, rollers, air casters, water casters and the like are known as devices for conveying heavy objects. Since the wheels and rollers support the load with points or lines, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the conveyed object itself and the strength of the conveyed floor as well as the wheel body and roller body, and to distribute the load evenly. Requires flatness and smoothness of the contact surface. In addition, since the shared load per location cannot be increased so much, the load must be dispersed, and the number to be used needs to be increased, so that maintenance and management are not easy.
[0003]
An air caster or a water caster is attached to the lower part of the conveyed product, and has a structure for supporting the weight by the pressure of air or water. Since the load is received on the surface, the concentrated load does not act on the transported object and the transport floor surface, which is structurally advantageous. However, since an air film or a water film is formed and used in a state of being completely lifted, it moves in a lower direction even with a slight inclination. Therefore, it is not easy to control the traveling direction and the direction.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides, as claim 1 , an endless structure in which a fluid filling space is provided between a bottom surface of a conveyed product and a floor surface of a conveying path , and an opening is formed in the peripheral surface in the fluid filling space. An annular seal composed of a flexible hose is installed, and the seal is filled with a fluid to expand the seal to create the side wall of the water supply space, and the seal is brought into close contact with the bottom of the conveyed product. state fluid was pressure filled, the fluid pressure of a magnitude conveyed bottom is not separated from the bearing body provided on the conveying road surface to act on conveyed bottom, with reduced friction between the conveyed object bottom surface and the bearing body Thus, a method for transporting a transported object configured to transport the transported object on a support is provided.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a second aspect, a fluid filling space is provided between the bottom surface of the conveyed product and the floor surface of the conveying path, and an annular seal made of an endless flexible hose having an opening on the peripheral surface is installed in the fluid filling space . The seal is filled with fluid to expand the seal to create the side wall of the water supply space, and the seal is brought into close contact with the bottom of the conveyed product. The fluid is pressurized and filled into the annular side wall from the seal opening , and the bottom of the conveyed product is conveyed. Provided is a friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of a transported object, which is configured to reduce the friction between the bottom surface of the transported object and the support body by applying a fluid pressure that does not separate from the support body provided on the road surface to the bottom surface of the transported object. .
[0008]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a support body in which a fluid filling space is provided between the bottom surface of the transport object and the transport path floor surface, the fluid is pressurized and filled in the fluid filling space, and the bottom surface of the transport object is provided on the transport path floor surface. In the friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of the transported object, the transport road bed in the fluid filling space is configured to reduce the friction between the bottom surface of the transported object and the support body by applying a fluid pressure of a size that does not separate from the transported object bottom surface. An annular groove is provided on the surface, and the upper part of the groove is closed with an annular flexible plate having an opening to form a seal. Provided is a friction reducing structure for a bottom surface of an object to be conveyed, which is configured to prevent fluid from leaking out of a fluid filling space by pressurizing and filling a fluid into an annular shape from an opening of a flexible plate. .
[0009]
As a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to any one of the second or third aspect , the rising portion is erected by being connected to a supply pipe for pressurizing and filling the liquid in the fluid filling space. In addition to adjusting the driving force of the pump that pressurizes and fills the liquid, and adjusting the height of the rising part, the fluid pressure that fills the fluid filling space can be adjusted. Provide a reduced structure.
[0010]
As a fifth aspect , in the friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to the fourth aspect, when the fluid filling space is divided and formed along the conveying road floor surface, and the conveying road floor surface is inclined. , A plurality of rising portions are provided in a staircase pattern corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space, and a structure for reducing friction on the bottom surface of the conveyed product is provided in which these rising portions are configured as an integrated structure.
[0011]
As a sixth aspect , in the friction reducing structure of the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to the fourth aspect, when the fluid filling space is divided and formed along the conveying road floor surface, and the conveying road floor surface is inclined. , A plurality of rising portions are provided in a staircase pattern corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space, and these rising portions are integrated, supplying liquid to the uppermost rising portion, and overflowing sequentially downward. In addition, a friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of the conveyed product is provided, which is configured to supply liquid up to the lowest rising portion.
[0012]
As a seventh aspect , in the friction reducing structure of the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to the fourth aspect, when the fluid filling space is divided and formed along the conveying road floor surface, and the conveying road floor surface is inclined. The plurality of annular rising parts formed corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space are shifted into a telescope-like structure to supply a liquid to the uppermost rising part, and then overflow to the lower part sequentially. Provided is a friction-reducing structure for the bottom surface of a conveyed product, which is configured to supply liquid up to the lowest rising portion.
[0013]
As an eighth aspect , in the friction reducing structure of the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to any one of the fourth to seventh aspects, as the means for adjusting the height of the rising portion, the rising portion is raised and lowered to adjust the height of the liquid level. Provided is a friction-reducing structure for the bottom surface of a conveyed product, which is configured by providing a lifting device.
[0014]
As a ninth aspect , in the friction reducing structure for the bottom surface of the conveyed product according to any one of the fourth to seventh aspects, as the means for adjusting the height of the rising portion, the rising portion is moved on the slope to adjust the height of the liquid level. Provided is a friction-reducing structure for the bottom surface of a conveyed product, which is configured by providing a moving device that adjusts the angle.
[0015]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiment, a case where a bottom tunnel is extruded will be described as an example, and a case where a transport object is a continuous tunnel box and water is used as a fluid to be pressurized and filled will be described.
[0016]
The submarine tunnel extrusion method is a method in which a tunnel box is manufactured on land, and the subsequent parts of the box are sequentially extruded while being integrated with the box that has been manufactured. In this construction method, since the bottom of the box is continuous, it is impossible to change the case when a friction reducing device is attached to the lower part of the box. Therefore, the case where a friction reduction apparatus is arrange | positioned at the conveyance road floor surface side is demonstrated.
[0017]
In addition to water, other fluids and gases such as air can be used as the fluid. Further, depending on the object to be transported, a friction reducing device may be provided on the transported object side.
[0018]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1
The friction reducing structure of the present invention comprises the following components.
<A> Fluid-filling space As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a support body 101 is provided on the transporting road floor surface 100 so as to protrude in a direction orthogonal to the transporting direction at an appropriate interval. By placing 110, a water supply space 120, which is a fluid-filled space, is provided between the bottom surface 111 of the transport object and the floor surface 100 of the transport path. The bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product is preferably made of a material that is flat and smooth and has a small coefficient of friction, and the top surface of the support 101 is also made of a material that has a small coefficient of friction. Further, the support bodies 101 may be scattered in a dot shape in a direction parallel to the transport direction.
[0019]
<Ro> Seal member The seal member 130 is formed in an annular shape by an endless flexible hose made of rubber or the like, and is adhered to the conveying path floor surface 100 in the water supply space 120 by a method such as adhesion. Lay it in close contact. As shown in FIG. 1, the width between the support bodies 101 and the width of the transported object 110 are laid in a ring shape and are partitioned by the support bodies 101. An opening 131 is formed on the circumferential surface of the seal member 130 toward the inner side of the annular shape.
[0020]
Further, when no water pressure is applied to the inside of the seal member 130, the seal member 130 is deflated and lowered from the upper surface of the support body 101 as shown in FIG. 2. When the water pressure is applied, the seal member 130 expands and expands from the upper surface of the support body 101. It is configured so as to be in close contact with the bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product. Further, the opening area of the opening 131 is set such that sufficient expansion of the seal member 130 can be maintained even when water flows out of the opening 131 into the annular inside of the seal member 130.
[0021]
<C> Fluid Filling Device The fluid filling device is a device for pressurizing and filling a fluid such as liquid or gas into the fluid filling space. In the present embodiment, a water supply device will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the interior space of the seal member 130 and the pump 140 are communicated with each other through a water supply pipe 141. The pump 140 has a capacity sufficiently higher than the water pressure applied to the bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product.
[0022]
Then, the branch tubular rising portion 142 is erected in communication with the water supply pipe 141. By adjusting the height of the rising portion 142, the water pressure filled in the water supply space 120 can be adjusted.
[0023]
The height of the water surface can be adjusted by moving the rising portion 142 itself up and down to change the height of its tip. As long as the overflow water flows out from the tip of the rising portion 142, the water pressure generated in the water supply space 120 and the head of the rising portion 142 is the same.
[0024]
As means for moving the rising portion 142 up and down, for example, a known means such as a rack and a pinion or an electric screw jack can be combined. Since the position can be adjusted in units of millimeters with these known devices, pressure control of several mmAq can be easily realized.
[0025]
The water pressure can also be controlled by controlling the number of revolutions of the pump 140 or controlling the opening / closing of the valve. In the case of an air supply device, the inside of the seal member 130 is communicated with a compressor and a blower.
[0026]
[Action]
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the pump 140 is operated to fill the seal member 130 with water 150, and the seal member 130 is expanded and brought into close contact with the bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product. Water 150 is pressurized and filled into the ring from the opening 131 of 130. At this time, since the water 150 in the ring is sealed by the seal member 130, it can be prevented from leaking outside. The seal member 130 is provided with a mechanism for detecting and controlling the position of the transported object 110 so that water is filled after the bottom surface 111 of the transported object completely covers one section of the seal member 130.
[0027]
When the water 150 is filled in the annular shape, the [water supply pressure] × [the area surrounded by the seal 130] partially supports the load of the conveyed object 110. In this state, the weight applied to the support body 101 is reduced correspondingly from the total weight.
[0028]
In this case, as the traction force F, [the load W applied to the support body 101] × [the friction coefficient μ between the conveyed object 110 and the support body 101] + [internal pressure applied to the seal member 130] × [seal member 130] Contact area] × [coefficient of friction between the conveyed object 110 and the seal member 130] + [shearing force of water surrounded by the seal member 130], but [load W applied to the support body 101] ] × [Friction coefficient μ between transport object 110 and support body 101] is very small.
[0029]
However, the [load W applied to the support body 101] can be significantly reduced by increasing the [water supply pressure] and increasing the [load shared by the water pressure surrounded by the seal member 130]. it can. Accordingly, the traction force F can be significantly reduced.
[0030]
As described above, the present invention is a method for controlling the water pressure lower than that in the completely floating state in the portion surrounded by the seal member 130. That is, it is configured to reduce the friction between the bottom surface 111 of the transport object and the support body 101 by applying a water pressure of a magnitude that does not separate the support bottom surface 111 from the support body 101 (does not move up and down) to the bottom surface 111 of the transport object. Therefore, it is possible to leave a frictional force that does not cause the conveyed object 110 to slide out, and to eliminate an unexpected situation where the conveyed object 110 starts to slide in an unintended direction.
[0031]
As described above, the traction force F is substantially equal to [the load W applied to the support body 101] × [the friction coefficient μ between the conveyed object 110 and the support body 101]. Therefore, the traction force F can be reduced by reducing the load applied to the support body 101.
[0032]
As a transfer procedure, first, the transfer object 110 is pulled with a constant pulling force F. When the frictional force is larger than the traction force F, the conveyed object 110 does not move. Therefore, when the rising portion 142 is gradually raised in the overflowed state, the water pressure in the portion surrounded by the seal member 130 increases with the rising of the rising portion 142, and as a result, the support body. The weight on 101 is reduced.
[0033]
As the weight decreases, the frictional force decreases, and the movement starts when the traction force F overcomes the static frictional force. When the rising of the rising portion 142 is stopped at that time, the internal pressure maintains that pressure. Since the static friction changes to dynamic friction from the moment of movement, it can be moved as it is with a smaller traction force F.
[0034]
In other words, a heavy object can be moved with a traction force that matches the ability of the traction device by simply controlling the water pressure in the portion surrounded by the seal member 130. As long as the water overflows from the upper end of the rising portion 142, the water pressure in the seal member 142 and the water pressure generated at the head of the rising portion 142 are the same, so the water pressure in the seal member 130 is It can be done easily just by managing the overflow water.
[0035]
The traction speed is controlled by the expansion / contraction speed of the hydraulic jack of the traction device, the winding speed of the winch, or the like. However, the traction force of the traction device must be at least capable of being moved when completely ascending.
[0036]
Second Embodiment of the Invention
In the first embodiment, an endless tube-shaped seal member is used. However, an annular seal mechanism 200 as shown in FIG.
[0037]
As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the seal mechanism 200 is provided with an annular groove 201 on the conveyance path floor surface 100, and the upper portion of the groove 201 is closed with a flexible plate 210 such as an annular rubber having an opening 211. Is configured. A saddle member 202 is attached to the groove 201, and the flexible plate 210 is mounted in a state of being bent downward, and is fixed by a bearing plate 203 and a bolt 204.
[0038]
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the seal mechanism 200 is arranged in a plurality of sections along the transport direction, and when an offset load is expected in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction, A plurality of sections are also arranged in a perpendicular direction. As a result, a method of sharing the load of the conveyed object 110 with independent pressure can also work, but basically, unless it lifts from the support body 101, the traction force is constant if the entire weight is the same even if there is an offset load. .
[0039]
Other configurations such as the water supply pipe 220, the pump 230, and a rising portion (not shown) are the same as those in the first embodiment. At the time of conveyance, as shown in FIG. 12, water 150 is pressurized and filled in the groove 201 to bulge the flexible plate 210 and adhere to the bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product, and water is supplied from the opening 211 of the flexible plate 210. Water 150 is pressurized and filled in the space 210, and water pressure is applied to the bottom surface 111 of the conveyed product.
[0040]
A solid elastic body such as an O-ring may be used as the seal member. Further, when the support body 101 and the conveyed object bottom surface 111 are well-familiar and almost no gap is generated, the support body 101 itself may be used as a seal member.
[0041]
Embodiment 3 of the Invention
As shown in FIG. 13, when each seal unit is divided and formed along the conveying road floor surface 100 and the conveying road floor surface 100 is inclined, the rising portion 300 is connected to each seal unit. It is conceivable that a plurality of the staircases 300 are provided in a staircase pattern so as to correspond to the height of each of them, and the rising portions 300 are configured as an integral structure.
[0042]
Specifically, a rising pipe 320 is erected at the end of a water supply pipe 310 communicating with each seal unit, and a tank 330 is provided at the upper end thereof. The tank 330 is arranged in a step-like manner in correspondence with the height of each seal unit, and is an integral structure. A weir 331 is provided so that overflow water flows from the upper tank to the lower tank. Has been. Water is supplied to the uppermost tank 330 by a pump 340.
[0043]
In such a structure, a plurality of riser pipes 320 and tanks 330 can be moved up and down simultaneously, so that the internal water pressure of each seal unit can be controlled to an arbitrary value, and the water supply device has a capacity required for all units. If you plan, just one. Further, it is possible to easily determine whether or not the entire water supply amount is in time just by managing the overflow water in the lowermost tank 330. FIG. 14 shows a case where a plurality of tanks 330 are mounted on an elevating device 350 as an integral structure.
[0044]
Embodiment 4 of the Invention
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, a plurality of rising pipes 410 are installed in a tank 400 in a staircase pattern corresponding to the height of each seal unit, and a submersible pump 420 is provided below them. To do. The tank 400 can be raised and lowered by a lifting device 430, and water is supplied into the tank 400 by a main pump 440. The water in the tank 400 is sucked into the rising pipe 410 by the submersible pump 420 and overflowed from the upper end thereof, and water is supplied to each seal unit through the plurality of water supply pipes 450.
[0045]
Embodiment 5 of the Invention
16 and 17, a plurality of annular rising portions formed corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space are shifted in a telescope shape to form an integrated structure, and liquid is supplied to the uppermost rising portion, sequentially. In this embodiment, the liquid is supplied to the rising part at the bottom by overflowing the lower part.
[0046]
Specifically, a plurality of annular water storage portions 501 are provided corresponding to the height of each seal unit, and these water storage portions 501 are formed in a telescopic shape whose dimensions are gradually reduced downward. Tank 500 can be used. Water is supplied from the uppermost water storage unit 501, and is sequentially supplied to the lowermost water storage unit 501 by overflowing to the lower part. Each water storage unit 501 is pressurized and filled up to each seal unit through a water supply pipe 502. In the case of this embodiment, since it is a telescopic type, the plane area of the apparatus can be small. Further, since the amount of water stored in each water storage unit 501 is small, the weight can be reduced.
[0047]
Embodiment 6 of the Invention
FIG. 18 shows an embodiment in which a moving device for adjusting the height of the water surface by moving the rising portion on the slope is provided as means for adjusting the height of the rising portion. That is, a plurality of tanks 600 and water supply pipes 610 are integrally mounted on a carriage 620 and configured to be movable on a slope by a winch 640 via a wire 630. Using the slope of the slope, the water pressure in the seal can be adjusted by replacing the moving distance with the moving height and raising and lowering the height of the upper end of the tank 600.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention has been described above, the following effects can be obtained. <A> Since fluid pressure is applied to almost the entire area of the bottom of the conveyed product to support the weight, it is structurally advantageous because no concentrated load is applied to the conveyed item and the conveying floor surface, and it is supported without causing the conveyed item to float. Since it is moved while installed on the body, it is easy to control the direction of travel and the direction.
[0049]
<B> Since the fluid pressure is applied to almost the entire area of the bottom of the conveyed product to support the weight, the conveyed item can be supported at a low pressure, and a high-pressure fluid supply device is not required.
[0050]
<C> Since the transported object is moved in a state of being installed on the support body without being lifted, it is not necessary to move the transported object up and down, and is suitable for transporting a continuous transported object such as a tunnel.
[0051]
<D> Since it consists only of a simple seal and fluid supply device, it is inexpensive.
[0052]
<E> Since the conveyed product is not lifted, there is almost no fluid leakage and there is little energy loss.
[0053]
<F> Since fluid pressure can be easily controlled by simply changing the height of the rising portion, there is no need for complicated work for measuring the water pressure and controlling the number of revolutions of the pump and the opening / closing of the valve.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is an embodiment of the present invention. 6 illustration of

Claims (9)

A fluid filling space is provided between the bottom surface of the transported object and the floor surface of the transport path,
In this fluid filling space, an annular seal made of an endless flexible hose having an opening on the peripheral surface is installed,
Filling the seal with fluid and expanding the seal to create the side wall of the water supply space and closely contacting the seal to the bottom of the conveyed product ,
Pressurize and fill the fluid into the annular side wall from the seal opening ,
The bottom surface of the transported object is applied to the bottom surface of the transport object by applying a fluid pressure that does not separate from the support body provided on the transport path surface to reduce the friction between the bottom surface of the transported object and the support body. Configured to move and transport,
Transport method for transported items. A fluid filling space is provided between the bottom surface of the transported object and the floor surface of the transport path,
In this fluid filling space, an annular seal made of an endless flexible hose having an opening on the peripheral surface is installed,
Filling the seal with fluid and expanding the seal to create the side wall of the water supply space and closely contacting the seal to the bottom of the conveyed product ,
Pressurize and fill the fluid into the annular side wall from the seal opening ,
The bottom surface of the transported object is configured to reduce the friction between the bottom surface of the transported object and the support body by applying a fluid pressure of a size that does not separate from the support body provided on the transport path surface to the bottom surface of the transported object.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. A fluid filling space is provided between the bottom surface of the transported object and the floor surface of the transport path,
The fluid filling space is pressurized and filled with fluid,
The bottom surface of the transported object is configured to reduce the friction between the bottom surface of the transported object and the support body by applying a fluid pressure of a size that does not separate from the support body provided on the transport path floor surface to the bottom surface of the transported object.
In the friction reducing structure on the bottom of the conveyed product,
An annular groove is provided on the floor surface of the conveyance path in the fluid filling space, and an upper part of the groove is closed with an annular flexible plate having an opening to constitute a seal.
Fill the groove with fluid and bulge the flexible plate to adhere to the bottom of the conveyed product,
It was configured to prevent fluid from leaking out of the fluid filling space by pressurizing and filling the fluid into the ring from the opening of the flexible plate.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reducing structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to claim 2 or 3 ,
Connected to a supply pipe that pressurizes and fills liquid in the fluid filling space, and a rising portion is erected,
While adjusting the driving force of the pump that pressurizes and fills the liquid,
By adjusting the height of the rising portion, the fluid pressure filled in the fluid filling space can be adjusted.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reducing structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to claim 4 ,
In the case where a plurality of fluid filling spaces are formed along the conveying road floor, and the conveying road floor is inclined,
A plurality of rising portions were provided in a staircase pattern corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space, and these rising portions were configured as an integral structure.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reducing structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to claim 4 ,
In the case where a plurality of fluid filling spaces are formed along the transfer road floor and the transfer road floor is inclined, the rising portion is shifted stepwise to correspond to the height of each fluid filling space. Multiple
These rising parts have an integrated structure, and liquid is supplied to the uppermost rising part, and the liquid is supplied to the lowermost rising part by sequentially overflowing the lower part.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reducing structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to claim 4 ,
In the case where a plurality of fluid filling spaces are formed along the conveying road floor, and the conveying road floor is inclined,
A plurality of annular rising parts formed corresponding to the height of each fluid filling space are shifted in a telescope shape to form an integrated structure,
The liquid is supplied to the uppermost rising part, and the liquid is supplied to the lowermost rising part by sequentially overflowing the lower part.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reduction structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to any one of claims 4 to 7 ,
As a means for adjusting the height of the rising portion, it is configured by providing a lifting device that lifts and lowers the rising portion to adjust the height of the liquid level.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product. In the friction reduction structure of the bottom of the conveyed product according to any one of claims 4 to 7 ,
As a means for adjusting the height of the rising portion, a moving device that adjusts the height of the liquid surface by moving the rising portion on the slope is provided.
Friction reduction structure on the bottom of the conveyed product.

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