JP3649439B2 - Guest soil spraying method using thickened trees as plant growth base material or thick layer base material spraying method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a guest soil spraying method or a thick layer base material spraying method using a felled tree as a plant growth base material.

Recently, in order to protect the surface of the slope such as a cliff face and to green the slope, the land spraying method and the thick layer spraying method have been widely used recently.
These methods are large, and a mixture obtained by mixing a base material, which will be described later, a plant seed, a fertilizer, a base material consolidation material (hereinafter referred to as a bonding material), water, and the like in a predetermined ratio, for example, a lath wire mesh. Is a method of spraying on the sloped surface and covering the sloped surface with a desired thickness of sprayed surface.

In these mixtures sprayed on the slope, the bonding material contained in the mixture hardens over time, and in the process, the constituent particles of the base material are bonded together, thereby aggregating the base material Advances. A crack is generated on the spray surface during the hardening process of the bonding material and the process of aggregating the constituent particles of the base material, and plant seeds germinate and grow from the crack.
Therefore, it is necessary that the sprayed surface after the construction does not run away from the slope first, and on that assumption, water retention and breathability are ensured to ensure the germination and growth of the plant seeds. It is necessary to be rich and to have appropriate fertilizer.

  As the above-mentioned base material, conventionally, bark compost fermented by adding chicken manure or urea to hardwood bark and depositing it for a long time, and sphagnum of wet plants are deposited and altered in wetlands. Peat made of peat and peat moss, a kind of grass charcoal, are mainly used. Moreover, as a bonding material for bonding the constituent particles of the base material, a material mainly composed of a high molecular resin is generally used.

  By the way, when a resin polymer is used as a bonding material for bonding the constituent particles of the base material, the surface of the constituent particles of the base material becomes dry after the curing of the resin polymer, so that the entire water retention and ventilation Sexuality deteriorates and often inhibits the germination and growth of plant seeds. Also, during the dry season in midsummer, because the water retention is insufficient, the base material itself is completely dried and cracks occur frequently. For example, rainwater infiltrates from the slope of the base material. Peeling easily occurs. Furthermore, since the resin polymer requires a period of several days to cure, for example, if it rains during that time, the entire spray surface may be washed away.

In order to prevent the above-described problems from occurring when a resin polymer is used as the bonding material, for example, an inorganic material for greening and soil stabilization as described in Japanese Patent No. 2935408 is blended in the base material. The usefulness of that is known.
In other words, when the spray surface is formed with the soil (base) prepared using the above-mentioned greening / soil-stabilized inorganic material, the soil (base) is quickly washed away and rich in water retention and air permeability. Porous aggregates, which provide a favorable environment for the germination and growth of plant seeds.

By the way, bark compost, which is the main raw material in conventional base materials, tends to decrease in relation to domestic wood resources. For this reason, we will contribute to the reduction of costs required for recycling and greening by crushing felled trees that have been treated as waste until now into chips and using them as plant growth base materials. The construction method is being tried.
However, when unfermented felled trees are used as a plant growth base material, on the applied spraying surface, the growth of plants that should germinate and grow due to the generation of gas by subsequent fermentation, the generation of mushrooms and molds, etc. In many cases, it takes more time than a conventional construction method for a growing plant to cover the entire construction base.

  Moreover, although the method of using a resin polymer as a joining material is common in these spraying methods, the said resin polymer requires a period of several days until hardening. Therefore, the effect of preventing erosion at the initial stage after construction is small, and after curing, the surface of the constituent particles of the base material is in a dry state. However, it is completely dried and cracks occur frequently. For example, rainwater enters and the base material is easily peeled off from the slope.

  The present invention is based on the application of the prior art of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. 2935408, and without using a resin polymer as a bonding material, a soil spraying method using a plant growth base material using a felled tree. Alternatively, an object is to provide a thick-layer base material spraying method.

Based on the premise of using the above-mentioned prior art greening / soil-stabilizing inorganic materials, the inventors of the present invention relate to a component of a base material, in particular, a plant growth base material using a felled tree as a substitute for bark compost. As a result of various investigations, when fly ash is used in combination, the foundation for stabilization is stabilized in the presence of the above-mentioned prior art greening and soil stabilization mineral materials during spraying, and also for germination growth of the introduced plant. The fact that it was effective was found, and the spraying method of the present invention was developed.

That is, the plant growth base material used in the method of the present invention is a mixture of crushed felled trees: 50 to 98% by weight and fly ash: 2 to 50% by weight.
In the present invention, the plant growth base material is mixed with plant seeds or / and plant rhizomes, fertilizer, bonding material, and water, and the resulting mixture is sprayed on the ground surface. A construction method or a thick layer substrate spraying method is provided.

  In particular, the bonding material is an additive comprising 1 to 20% by weight of aluminum sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of calcium sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of silica powder, and 10 to 80% by weight of a cement component with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ash component. A guest soil spraying method or a thick layer base material spraying method is provided which is preferably a mixture of 10 to 50 parts by weight.

  When the plant growth base material used in the present invention is used for the soil spraying method or the thick layer base material spraying method together with the greening / soil stabilizing inorganic material described in Japanese Patent No. 2935408, the spraying surface The germination and growth of seeds will be improved and the stability of the foundation will be improved. Therefore, the plant growth base material used in the present invention enhances the certainty of the spraying method using the felled tree, and has an extremely great industrial value as well as environmental conservation.

First, the plant growth base material used in the present invention will be described.
This plant growth base material contains crushed felled trees and fly ash as essential components.
The pulverized felled tree functions as a nursery bed for germinating and growing plant seeds when a spray surface is formed by a method described later, and its content is set to 50 to 98% by weight. . Preferably, it is set to 60 to 90% by weight.

When the content is less than 50% by weight, the base material has insufficient function as a nursery bed necessary for germination and growth of plant seeds. When the content is more than 98% by weight, the content of other components is low. When it decreases, the water retention and breathability become difficult, and the performance of the bonding material cannot be fully exhibited.
The plant growth base material using this crushed felled tree has different properties depending on the method of pulverizing the tree, the type of the tree, etc., but for example, if it is large enough to pass through a 38 mm sieve Is possible. Then, an appropriate type of fertilizer may be selected in relation to plant seeds and plant rhizomes to be germinated and grown, and then mixed.

In addition, if the pulverized felled tree is piled up as it is after pulverization, the fermentation naturally proceeds inside and the internal temperature rises to about 60 to 80 ° C. even after one day.
The crushed felled tree used in the plant growth base material of the present invention may be in an unfermented state, or after a certain amount of fermentation has progressed. There may be.

Fly ash is a component that contributes to the water retention and fertilizing power of the base material, and also to ensuring the stability of the plant growth base after creation, and the content thereof is set to 2 to 50% by weight.
When the content is less than 2% by weight, the above-described effects are not sufficiently exhibited, and the performance of the bonding material cannot be sufficiently exhibited. When the content is more than 50% by weight, the content of other components is decreased, The effects of these components are diminished, and at the same time, problems such as an increase in the weight of the plant growth base to be created tend to cause the base to slip off. The preferred content is 10 to 40% by weight.

In addition, when fly ash is used, it contributes to the formation of hydrates such as ettringite as well as the ash component of the greening / soil stabilizing inorganic material, when used in a coexisting state with the greening / soil stabilizing inorganic material described later, Therefore, it was revealed that the base material is made into a porous aggregate and effective for ensuring water retention and air permeability, and particularly effective for stabilizing the plant growth base to be formed.
Based on this fact, the fly ash is adopted as an essential component of the base material in the present invention construction method.

The plant growth base material used in the present invention can be produced by mixing the above components at a predetermined ratio.
Next, the spraying method of the present invention will be described.
First, in the case of the soil spraying method, the above-mentioned plant growth base material, plant seeds and / or plant rhizome, fertilizer, bonding material, and a predetermined amount of water are simultaneously put into a pump-type soil spraying machine. After mixing, the obtained slurry-like soil is sprayed onto the slope from a nozzle connected to an air compressor. The thickness of the spray surface is about 1 to 3 cm, and it is mainly applied to earth and sand surfaces and gravelly soil surfaces with a gentle slope.

On the other hand, in the case of the thick layer spraying method, the mixture of the above-mentioned plant growth base material, plant seed or / and plant rhizome, fertilizer, and bonding material is added to the mortar spraying machine to which the air compressor is connected and stirred. Furthermore, water is added here and sprayed from the nozzle to the slope. The thickness of the spray surface is about 3 to 15 cm, and it is mainly applied to gravelly soil surfaces and bedrock surfaces with steep slopes.
In both methods, the above-described composition, specifically, a greening / soil-stabilized inorganic material described in Japanese Patent No. 2935408 is used as the bonding material.

  That is, an additive comprising 1 to 20% by weight of aluminum sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of calcium sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of silica powder, and 10 to 80% by weight of cement components is added to ash such as fly ash and paper sludge incineration ash. A mixture obtained by mixing 10 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the component, or a mixture obtained by further mixing 10 parts by weight or less of the ceramic powder is used.

Due to the action of aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate in this material, self-hardening hydrates such as ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate are rapidly formed between the ash component and clinker ash, and the constituent particles of the base material are It forms a spray surface composed of aggregates that are porous, rich in water retention and breathability, and an environment suitable for germination and growth of plant seeds is formed.
As the bonding material, the above-mentioned greening / soil-stabilized inorganic material is a preferred example, but the same effect can be obtained by using an inorganic bonding material such as ordinary Portland cement or blast furnace cement. Can be obtained.

First, the trees that were cut at the construction site were pulverized, and 1400L (680 kg in weight) and fly ash 30kg were mixed with crushed pieces (size passed through a 38mm mesh) that had passed 1-2 days. And used as a base material.
In this base material, the former is 96% by weight and the latter is 4% by weight.
A total of 10 kg of fast-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, 20.8 g of mixed seeds, 2 kg of plant germination promoter, and α-green (trade name of patent No. 2935408 equivalent product: manufactured by Alpha Green) 8 kg was mixed.

The mixed seeds were 15.1 g of tall fescue alid 3, 7.3 g of green ping red fescue, 7.3 g of bahiagrass, 11.3 g of medhagi, 41.4 g of yamahagi, 41.9 g of komatsunagi and 41.9 g of weaselhagi. It consists of 76.8g.
The mixture was put into a mortar sprayer, water was further added, and the mixture was sprayed from a nozzle to an inclined surface having a gradient of 1/1 to 1 / 0.8 with a thickness of 5 cm.

For comparison, a similar thick layer base material spraying method was applied in another place using the same amount of mixed seeds and fertilizer and using bark compost as a base material.
In both Examples and Comparative Examples, germination was confirmed about 10 days after construction. And the plant growth state 2 months after construction was observed.
In both cases of the example construction and the comparative example construction, germination and growth were carried out on the entire surface of the soil, but in the case of the example construction, it was felt that the growth was slightly slower than the comparative construction.

Furthermore, the plant growth state was observed again 11 months after the construction.
In any of the construction examples and comparative constructions, the introduced plants grew smoothly, centering on the main trees, and it was difficult to distinguish the growing state between the two constructions.
Therefore, it can be confirmed that the example construction method using the crushed felled tree is a spraying construction method that can obtain results comparable to the conventional comparative construction method using bark compost. did it.

In the Example method, the soil hardness was measured using a Yamanaka penetrating soil hardness meter from 2 weeks to 2 months after the construction, and the value was stable at around 20 mm suitable for plant growth. That is, it was confirmed that the example construction method can provide a very suitable environment from the viewpoint of the growth of the introduced plant and from the viewpoint of preventing the erosion of the creation base.
In each of the different construction sites, we tried the same construction by swinging the ratio of the felled trees in the base material at four levels of 90%, 85% and 80%, but the same growth as in the example I was able to confirm the condition.

  The present invention can be a spraying method that can replace the spraying method using bark compost, which is decreasing in terms of resources.

Claims (4)

Mixing plant seeds or / and plant rhizomes, fertilizer, water, and jointing material with a plant growth base material that is a mixture of crushed felled trees: 50-98% by weight and fly ash: 2-50% by weight; A guest soil spraying method or a thick layer base material spraying method characterized by spraying the obtained mixture on the ground surface.   2. The soil spraying method or thick layer spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the bonding material is an inorganic material.   The bonding material comprises an additive 10 consisting of 1 to 20% by weight of aluminum sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of calcium sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of silica powder, and 10 to 80% by weight of a cement component with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ash component. The soil spraying method or thick-layer base material spraying method according to claim 1, which is a mixture obtained by mixing 50 parts by weight.   The bonding material comprises an additive 10 consisting of 1 to 20% by weight of aluminum sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of calcium sulfate, 1 to 20% by weight of silica powder, and 10 to 80% by weight of a cement component with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ash component. 2. The soil spraying method or thick layer substrate spraying method according to claim 1, which is a mixture obtained by mixing 50 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight or less of ceramic powder.