JP3647825B2

JP3647825B2 - Skylight structure

Info

Publication number: JP3647825B2
Application number: JP2002221966A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 勸外山; 隆武内
Original assignee: Sky Planning Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sky Planning Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-30
Filing date: 2002-07-30
Publication date: 2005-05-18
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-30
Also published as: JP2004060346A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内外二層の窓板を備えている天窓構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
内外二層の窓板を備えた天窓構造は、例えば特許第２９６６７９１号公報にみることができる。そこでは、金属網体で補強された網入りガラスで内窓板を形成し、通常の透明な板ガラス、またはポリカーボネイト製の透明板で外窓板を形成する。但し、内外二層の窓板は断熱作用を目的として設けられており、両窓板は十分な厚みのスペーサーによって隔てられている。特公平７−９１８８６号公報にも同様の天窓構造が開示されている。
【０００３】
本発明に関して、採光部直下の床面に生じる照度の不均一性を小さくするための天窓構造が、特開２００２−１６１６１１号公報において提案されている。そこでは、透明な板ガラス、あるいは透明なプラスチック板で窓板を形成し、その外表面に金属酸化物被膜からなる熱線反射層を形成し、内表面に可視光線調整層を形成している。熱線反射層は金属酸化物被膜で形成してあり、可視光線の透過率が約６０％以上、熱線の透過率が４０％以下になっている。可視光線調整層はハーフミラー効果を有するフィルムからなり、可視光線の透過率が１５〜６０％としてある。
【０００４】
このように、熱線と可視光線との透過を抑止した天窓によれば、単に透明な窓板のみで形成した天窓に比べて、熱線の進入を妨げて屋内温度の上昇を防止できる。さらに、可視光線の進入を抑止して、太陽光で照射されている採光部直下の床面の照度を低下させ、周辺部の床面との照度差を小さくすることにより、例えば直射範囲に設置された光センサーが、可視光線に反応して誤動作するのを解消できる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように天窓構造を設けると、建物内部に太陽光を取り入れて屋内を明るくできる。しかし、天窓を通過した太陽光は、天窓で規定される直射範囲の空間を照らしているに過ぎず、屋内全体からみると明るいところと、明るくないところとが明確に現れる。
【０００６】
例えば、採光部直下の直射範囲における床面は直接光に照射されて不必要なほどに明るいのに、太陽光の直射範囲の外辺部における床面は明るさが不足する状況にあり、両者の位置の違いによる照度差は極端に大きい。本発明者らの計測結果によれば、天窓の直射範囲における床面付近の照度が４万ルクスであるとき、隣接する天窓間の中央部における床面付近の照度は３千ルクスに過ぎない。太陽光が直射範囲に限ってスポットライト状に照射されるためである。
【０００７】
本発明者は、上記のような屋内における照度むらを解消するために、網入りの板ガラスと、その片面に接着固定した透明のポリカーボネイト板とで窓板を形成し、天窓から入り込む太陽光を、その直射範囲の外辺部へまで到達できるようにした。この複層化された窓板によれば、透過する光をポリカーボネイト板で散乱させて間接光を生じさせ、間接光によって照射範囲を拡大し、直射範囲の外の床面照度を相当程度にまで向上することができた。
【０００８】
しかし、外気温が高い時期に板ガラスが割れる問題を生じた。一体化された網入りの板ガラスと透明プラスチック板材との熱膨張率が大きく異なっているうえ、膨張変形しようとする板ガラスがプラスチック板材によって拘束され、その変形応力を吸収できないことが原因であると思われる。網入りの板ガラスに換えて、２枚の板ガラスの間に樹脂フィルムを介装した合わせガラスを使用してみたが、同様に板ガラスが割れた。
【０００９】
本発明の目的は、天窓から入り込む太陽光の大半を間接光に変換し、この間接光で直射範囲の外辺の広い範囲を照明でき、従って屋内の位置の違いによる極端な照度差を解消して、屋内空間の明るさをほぼ均一にできる天窓構造を提供することにある。
【００１０】
本発明の目的は、板ガラスと光拡散用のポリカーボネイト板とで窓板が複層化してあるにもかかわらず、板ガラスの膨張変形を確実に吸収でき、従って周囲の気温条件が厳しい状況である場合にも、板ガラスが割れるのを確実に防止でき、しかも、施工時における窓板の取り扱いが容易で、窓板の組み付け作業を簡便に行える天窓構造を提供することにある。
【００１１】
本発明の目的は、窓板を介して外部熱が出入りするのを良く防止できるうえ、熱線の進入を妨げて屋内温度の上昇を防止できる天窓構造を提供することにある。
【００１２】
本発明の目的は、火災時にポリカーボネイト板が焼失したとしても、板ガラスをぐらつきなく支持し続けることができ、従って板ガラスが天井から落下したり、あるいは火炎が天窓から吹き出したりするのを防止でき、耐火機能に優れた天窓構造を提供することにある。
【００１３】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明における天窓構造は、隣接する屋根材２・２間の開口に設置され、屋根下地１に固定されるフレーム部３と、フレーム部３に固定されて窓板５を支持する窓枠構造４とを含む。窓板５は、透明な網入りガラス製の外窓板３２と、外窓板３２の内面に隣接配置されるポリカーボネイト製の内窓板３３と、両窓板３２・３３の接合周縁間に配置される緩衝シート３４とで構成する。内窓板３３は、全体が半乳白色に着色された半透明の中空板材で形成されて、内面空間が一群の区画壁３９で一様に区画されている。以て、窓板５を通過する太陽光を内窓板３３で拡散させて、多様な方向を指向する間接光を発生させ、この間接光で直射範囲Ｚ１の外辺部Ｚ２の屋内空間を照明できるようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１４】
前記緩衝シート３４は、粘着性を有するブチルゴムテープで形成されており、外窓板３２と内窓板３３とが、両窓板３２・３３の周縁間に配置した緩衝シート３４を介して一体に接着固定されており、外窓板３２の膨張変形が緩衝シート３４の塑性変形作用で吸収できるようにすることができる。
【００１５】
外窓板３２は、その外面が平坦に形成され、その内面が凹凸面で形成されており、外窓板３２の外面に、熱線の進入を遮る熱反射フィルム３５を貼り付けることができる。
【００１６】
窓板５の周縁は、ジッパーガスケット１９を含む窓枠構造４で支持されており、外窓板３２の内面と、内窓板３３の下面を受け止めるジッパーガスケット１９の溝底面との間に、外窓板３２の崩落を阻止する耐火条材４０が配置された構造にすることができる。
【００１７】
【発明の作用効果】
本発明では、ガラス製の外窓板３２と、これの内面に接着される内窓板３３とで窓板５を構成し、内窓板３３はポリカーボネイトを素材とする、全体が半乳白色に着色された半透明の中空板材で形成し、その内面空間を一群の区画壁３９で一様に区画した。かかる窓板５を用いた天窓によれば、太陽光の直射範囲Ｚ１における照度を抑止しながら、外辺部Ｚ２における照度を増加できることが確認され、屋内の位置の違いによる極端な照度差を解消して、屋内空間の明るさをほぼ均一にできた。窓板窓板５を通過する太陽光の大半を内窓板３３で拡散し散乱させて間接光に変え、多様な方向を指向する間接光直射範囲Ｚ１の外辺部Ｚ２の屋内空間を照明できるためである。
【００１８】
粘着性を有するブチルゴムテープで緩衝シート３４を形成し、外窓板３２と内窓板３３とが、緩衝シート３４を介して一体に接着固定された窓板５によれば、外窓板３２の膨張変形を緩衝シート３４が平行四辺形状に斜めに塑性変形することで吸収できる。従って、天窓の周囲の気温条件が厳しい状況であったとしても、外窓板３２が割れるのを確実に防止して天窓構造の耐久性を向上できる。内外の両窓板３２・３３は接着固定されて一体化してあるので、施工時の両窓板３２・３３の取り扱いを簡便化でき、高所での作業を余儀なくされる天窓の設置が、少ない手間で安全に行える。区画壁３９で区分された一群の区室内の空気層との断熱作用によって、外部熱の進入を阻止するので、天窓を介して熱が出入りするのを良く防止でき、屋内の温度が異常に上昇したり、あるいは低下したりするのを防止できる。
【００１９】
外窓板３２の外面に、熱線の進入を遮る熱反射フィルム３５が貼り付けられた天窓構造によれば、単に透明な窓板のみで形成した天窓に比べて、屋内へ向かう熱線を熱反射フィルム３５で反射して、その進入を妨げることができるので、屋内の温度が上昇するのを防止しでき、しかも外窓板３２が熱線で加熱されて大きく膨張変形するのを防止することにも役立つ。
【００２０】
外窓板３２の内面と、ジッパーガスケット１９の溝底面との間に、耐火条材４０が配置された天窓構造によれば、火災時にポリカーボネイト製の内窓板３３が焼失したとしても、外窓板３２をぐらつきなく支持し続けることができる。従って、外窓板３２が天井から崩落するのを阻止でき、あるいは火炎が天窓から吹き出したりするのを防止でき、全体として耐火機能に優れた天窓構造が得られる。
【００２１】
【実施例】
図１ないし図５は本発明に係る天窓構造の実施例を示す。図２および図３において、符号１は屋根下地、２は屋根下地１に組まれた折版屋根材（屋根材）である。隣接する折版屋根材２・２の間の開口部に設置される天窓構造は、軒棟方向に沿って形成してあり、屋根下地１に固定されるフレーム部３と、フレーム部３に固定される窓枠構造４と、窓枠構造４で支持される窓板５などで構成する。
【００２２】
図３においてフレーム部３は、屋根下地１に固定された左右一対のアングル材７と、両アングル材７の対向側面にボルト８で締結固定した断面コ字形のベース枠９と、ベース枠９の下面に固定される下フレーム１０と、下フレーム１０と共にベース枠９に締結固定されるＴ字状の締結金具１１とで構成する。
【００２３】
下フレーム１０の一側には、後述する窓板支持枠２０の下面を支持する受壁１２が階段状に形成されている。アングル材７、ベース枠９、下フレーム１０はそれぞれ天窓の軒棟方向の長さに応じた長尺材からなる。締結金具１１は、下向きに開口するコ字状の締結枠１４と、締結枠１４の内面中央に固定したねじ軸１５とからなり、一定間隔置きに設けられている。
【００２４】
窓枠構造４は、前記締結金具１１でベース枠９に固定されるキャップ体１８と、キャップ体１８に差し込み装着されるゴム製のジッパーガスケット（窓パッキン）１９と、受壁１２上に載置されて左右の下フレーム１０どうしを橋絡する窓板支持枠２０などで構成する。キャップ体１８は、先の締結枠１４が差し込まれる断面Ｃ字状の主枠２１と、主枠２１の上隅から横向きに突設されるシール腕２２とを一体に形成した長尺材からなる。
【００２５】
ジッパーガスケット１９は、断面六角形状のゴム条材からなり、その一側にシール腕２２に外嵌する装着溝２４が設けられ、他側に窓板５を支持するシール溝２５が形成されている。ジッパーガスケット１９の上面の溝２６に、ロック条材２７を圧嵌装着することにより、装着溝２４およびシール溝２５を締め付けて、ジッパーガスケット１９をシール腕２２に固定でき、さらにシール溝２５に嵌め込んだ窓板５を分離不能に固定できる。窓板支持枠２０は断面コ字状の枠体からなり、その上面にゴムシート２８が貼り付けてある。
【００２６】
フレーム部３と窓枠構造４とは、図１および図２に示すように組み立てる。まず左右のベース枠９をアングル材７に固定して、その上面に折版屋根材２と、樋体３０とを載置する。さらに、締結金具１１が嵌め込まれたキャップ体１８を、折版屋根材２と樋体３０の上面に重ねて、その締結枠１４で折版屋根材２と樋体３０を押さえ保持し、ねじ軸１５をベース枠９の挿通穴に挿通する。この状態で下フレーム１０をねじ軸１５に挿通し、下フレーム１０の下面側からナット１６をねじ軸１５にねじ込んで、キャップ体１８、折版屋根材２、樋体３０および下フレーム１０の四者をベース枠９に締結固定する。この後、シール腕２２にジッパーガスケット１９を組み、窓板支持枠２０を下フレーム１０に載置する。
【００２７】
図１および図４において窓板５は、透明な網入りガラス製の外窓板３２と、外窓板３２の内面に隣接配置される内窓板３３と、両窓板３２・３３の周縁どうしを接着固定する緩衝シート３４とで構成する。
【００２８】
外窓板３２の外面は平坦に形成してあり、その外面に熱線の進入を遮る熱反射フィルム３５が貼り付けてある。外窓板３２の内面は凹凸面で形成してある。熱反射フィルム３５は耐候性を有する金属蒸着フィルムからなり、例えば、ＮＩ帝人商事株式会社のレフテル（商品名）の外貼りタイプ（品番ＺＳ０５Ｇ）を適用できる。
【００２９】
内窓板３３は、ポリカーボネイトを素材とする押出成形品からなり、全体が半乳白色に着色された半透明の中空板材で形成してある。詳しくは、上壁３７と下壁３８との間の空間を一群の区画壁３９で平行に区画した中空板材で内窓板３３が形成されている。この種の中空板材は市販されており、例えば旭硝子株式会社製のツインカーボ（商品名）を使用できる。
【００３０】
なお、内窓板３３の全厚み寸法は６mm、区画壁３９の隣接ピッチは約６mm、上壁３７および下壁３８の厚み寸法は0.４５mm、区画壁３９の厚み寸法は0.３２mmであり、その可視光線の透過率は６６％である。
【００３１】
外窓板３２と内窓板３３とは、両窓板３２・３３の周縁間に配置した緩衝シート３４を介して一体に接着固定する。緩衝シート３４は、幅寸法が８〜１０mm前後で厚みが約２mmの、臭素が添加された粘着性を有するブチルゴムテープで形成されている。緩衝シート３４に外窓板３２と内窓板３３とを密着して、テープ厚みが１mm程度に押し潰されるまで両窓板３２・３３を押し付けることにより、両窓板３２・３３を分離不能に接着固定する。この固定状態において、両窓板３２・３３の間には小さな隙間空間Ｅが形成されている（図４参照）。隙間空間Ｅは１〜３mmあれば良いが、１mm前後が好ましい。隙間空間Ｅを大きくすると、その分だけ緩衝シート３４の厚みが増し、両窓板３２・３３を接着したとき、テープの一部が幅方向へはみ出し、採光面積が減少するからである。
【００３２】
外窓板３２の下面周縁の多くの部分は緩衝シート３４に密着しているが、外窓板３２の下面が凹凸面になっているので、所々に未接着部分が生じており、従って先の隙間空間Ｅは必ずしも密閉されている訳ではない。このように、外窓板３２と内窓板３３とをブチルゴムテープからなる緩衝シート３４で一体化すると、外窓板３２が膨張変形するときの、両窓板３２・３３のずれを緩衝シート３４が平行四辺形状に斜めに塑性変形することで吸収できるので、周囲の気温条件が厳しい状況であっても、外窓板３２が割れるのを確実に防止できる。
【００３３】
火災が発生したとき、内窓板３３が焼失してしまうと窓板５が崩落するおそれがある。こうした窓板５の落下を防ぐために、外窓板３２と、ジッパーガスケット１９のシール溝２５の溝底との間には耐火条材４０を配置されている。耐火条材４０は不燃性に優れたクロロプレンゴム製のひも状の条材からなり、この実施例では、図１に示すように、シール溝２５で挟持される内窓板３３の内部空間のひとつを利用して装着した。必要があれば、シール溝２５内に臨む２ないし３個の内部空間に耐火条材４０を配置できる。
【００３４】
以上のように構成した天窓構造による採光効果を確認するために、同じ建物に従来の天窓構造と、本発明の天窓構造とを設置して、屋内における明るさの分布を確認し、図５に示すように天窓から入り込む太陽光の直射範囲Ｚ１と、直射範囲Ｚ１の外辺部Ｚ２における照度を計測した。
【００３５】
照度は天窓の直下と、隣接する天窓の隣接中央部とで計測し、それぞれ床面から１ｍの高さ位置で計測した。計器を符号４２で示す。なお、屋根における天窓構造の隣接間隔は８ｍ、屋根面の床面からの高さは9.５ｍであった。その結果の概略を下表に示す。
【００３６】
【表１】

【００３７】
本発明の天窓構造によれば、直射範囲Ｚ１の照度を著しく低下させながら、外辺部Ｚ２の照度を向上でき、その照度差は１５００Ｌｘに過ぎない。曇天時にも同様にして照度を計測したが、直射範囲Ｚ１で１６００Ｌｘ、外辺部Ｚ２で１５００Ｌｘと、両者の照度差はさらに小さくなった。因みに、外辺部Ｘ２の照度が高いのは、図４に示すように窓板５を通過する太陽光が内窓板３３で拡散されて、多様な方向を指向する間接光が生じていると推測され、この間接光で外辺部Ｚ２の屋内空間を照明できる結果であると思われる。外窓板３２の内窓板３３との対向面が凹凸面に形成されていることも、太陽光の拡散を促進することに役立っていると思われる。
【００３８】
上記の実施例以外に、本発明の天窓構造は縦葺屋根と横葺屋根とのいずれの屋根構造にも適用できる。フレーム部３および窓枠構造４は、屋根構造の違いや、窓板５の大きさ、および重量の違いなどに応じて適宜変更すべきであるので、実施例で説明した構造には限定されない。同様に、外窓板３２および内窓板３３の厚み寸法や、細部の寸法も、実施例で説明した寸法に限定されない。
【００３９】
緩衝シート３４は接着性と粘弾性とを備えていればよく、必ずしもブチルゴムで形成してある必要はない。耐火条材４０としては、ワイヤーや鋼線などの金属線材を適用でき、外窓板３２とジッパーガスケット１９の溝底との間に配置してあればよい。つまり、内窓板３３の内部空間に配置する必要はない。
【００４０】
外窓板３３の区画壁３９は、上壁３７および下壁３８の壁面と直交している必要はなく、例えば上壁３７および下壁３８の壁面と斜めに交差する状態で形成することができる。あるいは、区画壁３９をリング状や連続波形に形成することができる。必要があれば、上壁３７と下壁３８の間に、両壁と平行な中間壁を備えていてもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】天窓の要部を示す断面図である。
【図２】天窓構造の全体断面図である。
【図３】天窓構成部品の分解正面図である。
【図４】窓板の一部を切り欠いた斜視図である。
【図５】照度試験における照度計測位置を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１屋根下地
２屋根材
３フレーム部
５窓板
１９ジッパーガスケット
３２外窓板
３３内窓板
３４緩衝シート
３５熱反射フィルム
３９区画壁
４０耐火条材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a skylight structure provided with two windows of inner and outer layers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A skylight structure provided with two layers of inner and outer window plates can be found in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2966791. In this case, the inner window plate is formed of a glass-reinforced glass reinforced with a metal net body, and the outer window plate is formed of a normal transparent plate glass or a transparent plate made of polycarbonate. However, the inner and outer two-layer window plates are provided for the purpose of heat insulation, and both the window plates are separated by a spacer having a sufficient thickness. Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-91886 also discloses a similar skylight structure.
[0003]
In relation to the present invention, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-161611 proposes a skylight structure for reducing non-uniformity in illuminance generated on the floor surface directly under the daylighting unit. There, a window plate is formed of a transparent plate glass or a transparent plastic plate, a heat ray reflective layer made of a metal oxide film is formed on the outer surface, and a visible light adjusting layer is formed on the inner surface. The heat ray reflective layer is formed of a metal oxide film, and has a visible light transmittance of about 60% or more and a heat ray transmittance of 40% or less. The visible light adjusting layer is made of a film having a half mirror effect, and has a visible light transmittance of 15 to 60%.
[0004]
As described above, according to the skylight in which the transmission of the heat ray and the visible light is suppressed, it is possible to prevent the entry of the heat ray and prevent the indoor temperature from rising as compared with the skylight formed only by the transparent window plate. In addition, by suppressing the ingress of visible light, reducing the illuminance of the floor directly under the daylighting part that is irradiated with sunlight, and reducing the difference in illuminance with the floor surface of the surrounding area, for example, installed in direct sunlight range It is possible to eliminate the malfunction of the optical sensor in response to visible light.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the skylight structure is provided as described above, the interior can be brightened by taking sunlight into the building. However, the sunlight that has passed through the skylight only illuminates the space in the direct range defined by the skylight, and a bright place and a bright place clearly appear from the whole indoor area.
[0006]
For example, the floor surface in the direct light range directly under the daylighting part is exposed to direct light and is unnecessarily bright, but the floor surface in the outer part of the direct sunlight range is not bright enough. The difference in illuminance due to the difference in position is extremely large. According to the measurement results of the present inventors, when the illuminance near the floor surface in the direct light range of the skylight is 40,000 lux, the illuminance near the floor surface in the central portion between the adjacent skylights is only 3,000 lux. This is because sunlight is irradiated in the form of a spotlight only in the direct irradiation range.
[0007]
In order to eliminate the uneven illuminance indoors as described above, the present inventor forms a window plate with a plate glass with a net and a transparent polycarbonate plate adhered and fixed to one side thereof, and sunlight entering from the skylight, It was possible to reach the outer edge of the direct range. According to this multi-layered window plate, the transmitted light is scattered by the polycarbonate plate to generate indirect light, the irradiation range is expanded by the indirect light, and the floor surface illuminance outside the direct irradiation range is considerably increased. I was able to improve.
[0008]
However, there was a problem that the plate glass broke when the outside air temperature was high. It is thought that this is due to the fact that the thermal expansion coefficient of the integrated netted glass plate and the transparent plastic plate material are greatly different, and the plate glass to be expanded and deformed is restrained by the plastic plate material and cannot absorb the deformation stress. It is. It replaced with the plate glass with a net | network, but it tried using the laminated glass which interposed the resin film between two plate glasses, but the plate glass broke similarly.
[0009]
The object of the present invention is to convert most of the sunlight entering from the skylight into indirect light, which can illuminate a wide area outside the direct light range, thus eliminating extreme illuminance differences due to differences in indoor positions. An object of the present invention is to provide a skylight structure that can make the brightness of an indoor space almost uniform.
[0010]
The object of the present invention is to be able to reliably absorb expansion deformation of the plate glass despite the fact that the window plate is made of multiple layers with the plate glass and the polycarbonate plate for light diffusion, and therefore the ambient temperature conditions are severe. Another object of the present invention is to provide a skylight structure that can reliably prevent the glass plate from being broken, and that can easily handle the window plate at the time of construction, and that allows the window plate to be assembled easily.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide a skylight structure that can well prevent external heat from entering and exiting through a window plate, and can prevent an increase in indoor temperature by preventing the entry of heat rays.
[0012]
The object of the present invention is to continue to support the glass plate without wobbling even if the polycarbonate plate is burned out in the event of a fire, and therefore it is possible to prevent the glass plate from falling from the ceiling or preventing the flame from blowing out from the skylight. The object is to provide a skylight structure with excellent functions.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The skylight structure according to the present invention is installed in an opening between

adjacent roof materials

2 and 2 and is fixed to the roof base 1. The window frame structure 4 is fixed to the frame part 3 and supports the window plate 5. Including. The window plate 5 is disposed between the outer peripheral window plate 32 made of transparent netted glass, the inner window plate 33 made of polycarbonate disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and the joint peripheral edges of both the

window plates

32 and 33. And the buffer sheet 34 to be formed. The inner window plate 33 is formed of a translucent hollow plate material that is colored semi-milky white as a whole, and the inner space is uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39. Therefore, the sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 to generate indirect light directed in various directions, and the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2 of the direct-light range Z1 is illuminated with this indirect light. It is possible to do it.
[0014]
The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape, and the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrated with each other via the buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the

window plates

32 and 33. The expansion and deformation of the outer window plate 32 can be absorbed by the plastic deformation action of the buffer sheet 34.
[0015]
The outer window plate 32 has an outer surface formed flat and an inner surface formed by an uneven surface, and a heat reflecting film 35 that blocks heat rays from entering can be attached to the outer surface of the outer window plate 32.
[0016]
The peripheral edge of the window plate 5 is supported by the window frame structure 4 including the zipper gasket 19, and is arranged between the inner surface of the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom surface of the zipper gasket 19 that receives the lower surface of the inner window plate 33. It can be set as the structure where the refractory material 40 which prevents collapse of the window board 32 is arrange | positioned.
[0017]
[Effects of the invention]
In the present invention, the window plate 5 is constituted by the glass outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 bonded to the inner surface of the glass, and the inner window plate 33 is made of polycarbonate and is colored semi-milky white as a whole. The inner space was uniformly divided by a group of partition walls 39. According to the skylight using the window plate 5, it is confirmed that the illuminance at the outer side Z2 can be increased while suppressing the illuminance in the direct sunlight range Z1, and the extreme illuminance difference due to the difference in indoor position is eliminated. As a result, the brightness of the indoor space was almost uniform. Most of sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused and scattered by the inner window plate 33 to be converted into indirect light, and the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2 of the indirect light direct range Z1 directed in various directions can be illuminated. Because.
[0018]
According to the window plate 5 in which the buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape, and the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via the buffer sheet 34, the outer window plate 32 The expansion deformation can be absorbed by the buffer sheet 34 being plastically deformed obliquely into a parallelogram shape. Therefore, even if the temperature conditions around the skylight are severe, it is possible to reliably prevent the outer window plate 32 from cracking and improve the durability of the skylight structure. Since both the inner and

outer window plates

32 and 33 are bonded and integrated, the handling of the

window plates

32 and 33 at the time of construction can be simplified, and there are few installations of skylights that are forced to work at high places. It can be done safely and easily. Insulation with the air layer in the group of compartments divided by the compartment wall 39 prevents external heat from entering, so it is possible to prevent heat from entering and exiting through the skylight, and the indoor temperature rises abnormally. Can be prevented from being reduced or lowered.
[0019]
According to the skylight structure in which the heat reflecting film 35 that blocks the entry of the heat rays is attached to the outer surface of the outer window plate 32, the heat reflecting film is directed toward the indoors as compared to the skylight formed only by the transparent window plate. 35, it is possible to prevent the indoor temperature from rising, and also to prevent the outside window plate 32 from being greatly expanded and deformed by being heated by heat rays. .
[0020]
According to the skylight structure in which the refractory material 40 is disposed between the inner surface of the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom surface of the zipper gasket 19, even if the inner window plate 33 made of polycarbonate is burned out in the event of a fire, the outer window The plate 32 can be continuously supported without wobbling. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the outer window plate 32 from collapsing from the ceiling, or it is possible to prevent the flame from blowing out from the skylight, and a skylight structure having an excellent fireproof function as a whole can be obtained.
[0021]
【Example】
1 to 5 show an embodiment of a skylight structure according to the present invention. 2 and 3, reference numeral 1 is a roof base, and 2 is a folded roof material (roof material) assembled to the roof base 1. The skylight structure installed in the opening between the adjacent folded

roofing materials

2 and 2 is formed along the eaves direction, and is fixed to the frame portion 3 and the frame portion 3 fixed to the roof base 1. The window frame structure 4 and the window plate 5 supported by the window frame structure 4 are configured.
[0022]
In FIG. 3, the frame portion 3 includes a pair of left and right angle members 7 fixed to the roof base 1, a base frame 9 having a U-shaped cross section fastened to the opposite side surfaces of both angle members 7 with bolts 8, The lower frame 10 is fixed to the lower surface, and the T-shaped fastening bracket 11 is fastened and fixed to the base frame 9 together with the lower frame 10.
[0023]
On one side of the lower frame 10, a receiving wall 12 that supports a lower surface of a window plate support frame 20 described later is formed in a step shape. The angle member 7, the base frame 9, and the lower frame 10 are each made of a long material corresponding to the length of the skylight in the eaves-ridge direction. The fastening bracket 11 includes a U-shaped fastening frame 14 that opens downward, and a screw shaft 15 that is fixed to the center of the inner surface of the fastening frame 14, and is provided at regular intervals.
[0024]
The window frame structure 4 is mounted on the receiving wall 12, a cap body 18 fixed to the base frame 9 by the fastener 11, a rubber zipper gasket (window packing) 19 inserted and attached to the cap body 18. Thus, the left and right lower frames 10 are constituted by a window plate support frame 20 that bridges the frames. The cap body 18 is made of a long material in which a main frame 21 having a C-shaped cross section into which the previous fastening frame 14 is inserted and a seal arm 22 projecting laterally from the upper corner of the main frame 21 are integrally formed. .
[0025]
The zipper gasket 19 is made of a rubber strip having a hexagonal cross section. A mounting groove 24 is provided on one side of the zipper gasket 19 so as to be fitted on the seal arm 22, and a seal groove 25 is formed on the other side to support the window plate 5. . By fitting the lock strip material 27 into the groove 26 on the upper surface of the zipper gasket 19, the mounting groove 24 and the seal groove 25 can be tightened to fix the zipper gasket 19 to the seal arm 22, and further fitted into the seal groove 25. The inserted window plate 5 can be fixed inseparably. The window plate support frame 20 is a frame body having a U-shaped cross section, and a rubber sheet 28 is attached to the upper surface thereof.
[0026]
The frame part 3 and the window frame structure 4 are assembled as shown in FIGS. First, the left and right base frames 9 are fixed to the angle member 7, and the folded roof material 2 and the frame 30 are placed on the upper surface thereof. Further, the cap body 18 in which the fastening metal fitting 11 is fitted is overlapped on the upper surfaces of the folding roof material 2 and the casing 30, and the folding roof material 2 and the casing 30 are pressed and held by the fastening frame 14. 15 is inserted through the insertion hole of the base frame 9. In this state, the lower frame 10 is inserted into the screw shaft 15, and the nut 16 is screwed into the screw shaft 15 from the lower surface side of the lower frame 10, and the cap body 18, the folded roofing material 2, the frame 30, and the lower frame 10. The person is fastened and fixed to the base frame 9. Thereafter, the zipper gasket 19 is assembled to the seal arm 22, and the window plate support frame 20 is placed on the lower frame 10.
[0027]
1 and 4, the window plate 5 includes an outer window plate 32 made of transparent netted glass, an inner window plate 33 disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and the peripheral edges of the two

window plates

32 and 33. And a buffer sheet 34 that is bonded and fixed.
[0028]
The outer surface of the outer window plate 32 is formed flat, and a heat reflecting film 35 that blocks the entry of heat rays is attached to the outer surface. The inner surface of the outer window plate 32 is formed as an uneven surface. The heat reflection film 35 is made of a metal vapor-deposited film having weather resistance, and for example, an externally attached type (product number ZS05G) of Reftel (trade name) manufactured by NI Teijin Shoji Co., Ltd. can be applied.
[0029]
The inner window plate 33 is made of an extruded product made of polycarbonate, and is formed of a translucent hollow plate material that is colored semi-milky white as a whole. Specifically, the inner window plate 33 is formed of a hollow plate material in which a space between the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38 is partitioned in parallel by a group of partition walls 39. This type of hollow plate material is commercially available, and for example, Twin Carbo (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. can be used.
[0030]
The total thickness dimension of the inner window plate 33 is 6 mm, the adjacent pitch of the partition wall 39 is about 6 mm, the thickness dimension of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38 is 0.45 mm, and the thickness dimension of the partition wall 39 is 0.32 mm. The visible light transmittance is 66%.
[0031]
The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via a buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the two

window plates

32 and 33. The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape having a width dimension of about 8 to 10 mm and a thickness of about 2 mm to which bromine is added. The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are brought into close contact with the buffer sheet 34, and the two

window plates

32 and 33 are made inseparable by pressing both the

window plates

32 and 33 until the tape thickness is crushed to about 1 mm. Adhere and fix. In this fixed state, a small gap E is formed between the window plates 32 and 33 (see FIG. 4). The clearance space E may be 1 to 3 mm, but is preferably around 1 mm. This is because if the gap space E is increased, the thickness of the buffer sheet 34 increases accordingly, and when the

window plates

32 and 33 are bonded, a part of the tape protrudes in the width direction and the lighting area is reduced.
[0032]
Although many portions of the lower peripheral edge of the outer window plate 32 are in close contact with the buffer sheet 34, the lower surface of the outer window plate 32 is uneven, so that unbonded portions are generated in some places. The gap space E is not necessarily sealed. As described above, when the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrated with the buffer sheet 34 made of butyl rubber tape, the buffer sheet 34 can be prevented from being displaced when the outer window plate 32 expands and deforms. Can be absorbed by plastically deforming diagonally into a parallelogram, so that it is possible to reliably prevent the outer window plate 32 from cracking even under ambient temperature conditions.
[0033]
When a fire occurs, the window plate 5 may collapse if the inner window plate 33 is burnt down. In order to prevent the window plate 5 from falling, a fireproof material 40 is disposed between the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom of the seal groove 25 of the zipper gasket 19. The refractory strip 40 is made of a string-like strip made of chloroprene rubber having excellent incombustibility. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, one of the internal spaces of the inner window plate 33 sandwiched between the seal grooves 25 Wearing using. If necessary, the refractory material 40 can be disposed in two to three internal spaces facing the seal groove 25.
[0034]
In order to confirm the lighting effect of the skylight structure configured as described above, the conventional skylight structure and the skylight structure of the present invention are installed in the same building, and the distribution of brightness in the indoor space is confirmed. As shown, the direct illumination range Z1 of sunlight entering from the skylight and the illuminance at the outer side Z2 of the direct illumination range Z1 were measured.
[0035]
Illuminance was measured directly under the skylight and at the adjacent central part of the adjacent skylight, and measured at a height of 1 m from the floor. The instrument is indicated by reference numeral 42. In addition, the adjacent space | interval of the skylight structure in a roof was 8 m, and the height from the floor surface of a roof surface was 9.5 m. A summary of the results is shown in the table below.
[0036]
[Table 1]

[0037]
According to the skylight structure of the present invention, it is possible to improve the illuminance of the outer side portion Z2 while significantly reducing the illuminance of the direct-light range Z1, and the illuminance difference is only 1500 Lx. The illuminance was measured in the same way even when it was cloudy, but the illuminance difference between the two was further reduced to 1600 Lx in the direct range Z1 and 1500 Lx in the outer side Z2. Incidentally, the illuminance of the outer side portion X2 is high because the sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 as shown in FIG. 4 and indirect light directed in various directions is generated. It is presumed that it is a result that the indirect light can illuminate the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2. It is thought that the fact that the surface of the outer window plate 32 facing the inner window plate 33 is an uneven surface also helps to promote the diffusion of sunlight.
[0038]
In addition to the above-described embodiments, the skylight structure of the present invention can be applied to any roof structure including a vertical roof and a horizontal roof. The frame portion 3 and the window frame structure 4 should be appropriately changed according to the difference in the roof structure, the size of the window plate 5, the difference in the weight, and the like, and thus are not limited to the structures described in the embodiments. Similarly, the thickness dimension and the detail dimension of the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are not limited to the dimensions described in the embodiments.
[0039]
The buffer sheet 34 only needs to have adhesiveness and viscoelasticity, and is not necessarily formed of butyl rubber. As the refractory material 40, a metal wire such as a wire or a steel wire can be applied, and it may be disposed between the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom of the zipper gasket 19. That is, it is not necessary to arrange in the internal space of the inner window plate 33.
[0040]
The partition wall 39 of the outer window plate 33 does not need to be orthogonal to the wall surfaces of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38, and can be formed, for example, in a state of obliquely intersecting the wall surfaces of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38. . Alternatively, the partition wall 39 can be formed in a ring shape or a continuous waveform. If necessary, an intermediate wall parallel to both walls may be provided between the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a skylight.
FIG. 2 is an overall cross-sectional view of a skylight structure.
FIG. 3 is an exploded front view of a skylight component.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view in which a part of the window plate is cut away.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an illuminance measurement position in an illuminance test.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof base 2 Roofing material 3 Frame part 5 Window board 19 Zipper gasket 32 Outer window board 33 Inner window board 34 Buffer sheet 35 Heat reflection film 39 Partition wall 40 Fire-resistant strip material

Claims

It is a skylight structure installed in the opening between adjacent roofing materials 2 and 2,
A frame part 3 fixed to the roof base 1, a window frame structure 4 fixed to the frame part 3 and including a zipper gasket 19, and a window plate 5 whose periphery is supported by the window frame structure 4 ;
The window plate 5 is disposed between the outer peripheral window plate 32 made of transparent netted glass, the inner window plate 33 made of polycarbonate disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and the joining peripheral edges of both the window plates 32 and 33. Buffer sheet 34 to be configured,
Between the inner surface of the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom surface of the zipper gasket 19 that receives the lower surface of the inner window plate 33, a fireproof material 40 that prevents the outer window plate 32 from collapsing is disposed,
The inner window plate 33 is formed of a translucent hollow plate material that is colored semi-milky white as a whole, and the inner space is uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39,
The sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 to generate indirect light directed in various directions, and the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2 of the direct-light range Z1 can be illuminated with this indirect light. A skylight structure characterized by that.

The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape,
The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via a buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the two window plates 32 and 33,
The skylight structure according to claim 1, wherein expansion deformation of the outer window plate (32) can be absorbed by plastic deformation action of the buffer sheet (34).

The outer window plate 32 has an outer surface formed flat and an inner surface formed in an uneven surface,
The skylight structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat reflection film (35) for blocking heat rays from entering is attached to an outer surface of the outer window plate (32) .