JP2004060346A - Skylight structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a skylight structure which eliminates extremely different brightnesses between a direct radiation range just under the skylight and the outer periphery, and increases the brightness in the outer periphery so as to uniform the brightness in the indoor space. <P>SOLUTION: The skylight window is formed of a frame 3 and a window frame structure 4 fixed to the frame 3 to support window plates 5. The plate 5 is constituted of an outer window plate 32 made of transparent meshed glass, a polycarbonate inner window plate 33 adjacently set to the inside face of the outer window plate 32, and a butylrubber tape buffer sheet 34 fixedly sticking mutual joint peripheral edges of both window plates 32, 33. The inner window plate 33 is formed of a semitransparent hollow plate material and the inside space is uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39. The sunlight passing through the window plate 5 disperses in the inner window plate 33 to generate indirect light directing various directions to generate indirect light to various directions. By the indirect light , the indoor space of the outer periphery Z2 in the direct light range Z1 is irradiated with the indirect light. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００３７】
本発明の天窓構造によれば、直射範囲Ｚ１の照度を著しく低下させながら、外辺部Ｚ２の照度を向上でき、その照度差は１５００Ｌｘに過ぎない。曇天時にも同様にして照度を計測したが、直射範囲Ｚ１で１６００Ｌｘ、外辺部Ｚ２で１５００Ｌｘと、両者の照度差はさらに小さくなった。因みに、外辺部Ｘ２の照度が高いのは、図４に示すように窓板５を通過する太陽光が内窓板３３で拡散されて、多様な方向を指向する間接光が生じていると推測され、この間接光で外辺部Ｚ２の屋内空間を照明できる結果であると思われる。外窓板３２の内窓板３３との対向面が凹凸面に形成されていることも、太陽光の拡散を促進することに役立っていると思われる。
【００３８】
上記の実施例以外に、本発明の天窓構造は縦葺屋根と横葺屋根とのいずれの屋根構造にも適用できる。フレーム部３および窓枠構造４は、屋根構造の違いや、窓板５の大きさ、および重量の違いなどに応じて適宜変更すべきであるので、実施例で説明した構造には限定されない。同様に、外窓板３２および内窓板３３の厚み寸法や、細部の寸法も、実施例で説明した寸法に限定されない。
【００３９】
緩衝シート３４は接着性と粘弾性とを備えていればよく、必ずしもブチルゴムで形成してある必要はない。耐火条材４０としては、ワイヤーや鋼線などの金属線材を適用でき、外窓板３２とジッパーガスケット１９の溝底との間に配置してあればよい。つまり、内窓板３３の内部空間に配置する必要はない。
【００４０】
外窓板３３の区画壁３９は、上壁３７および下壁３８の壁面と直交している必要はなく、例えば上壁３７および下壁３８の壁面と斜めに交差する状態で形成することができる。あるいは、区画壁３９をリング状や連続波形に形成することができる。必要があれば、上壁３７と下壁３８の間に、両壁と平行な中間壁を備えていてもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】天窓の要部を示す断面図である。
【図２】天窓構造の全体断面図である。
【図３】天窓構成部品の分解正面図である。
【図４】窓板の一部を切り欠いた斜視図である。
【図５】照度試験における照度計測位置を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１　屋根下地
２　屋根材
３　フレーム部
５　窓板
１９　ジッパーガスケット
３２　外窓板
３３　内窓板
３４　緩衝シート
３５　熱反射フィルム
３９　区画壁
４０　耐火条材[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a skylight structure provided with a two-layer window plate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A skylight structure having two inner and outer window plates can be found in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2966791. In this case, the inner window plate is formed of meshed glass reinforced with a metal net, and the outer window plate is formed of a normal transparent plate glass or a transparent plate made of polycarbonate. However, the inner and outer two-layer window plates are provided for the purpose of heat insulation, and both window plates are separated by a spacer having a sufficient thickness. Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-91886 discloses a similar skylight structure.
[0003]
Regarding the present invention, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-161611 proposes a skylight structure for reducing non-uniformity of illuminance generated on a floor immediately below a lighting unit. There, a window plate is formed from a transparent plate glass or a transparent plastic plate, a heat ray reflective layer made of a metal oxide film is formed on the outer surface, and a visible light adjusting layer is formed on the inner surface. The heat ray reflective layer is formed of a metal oxide film, and has a visible light transmittance of about 60% or more and a heat ray transmittance of 40% or less. The visible light adjusting layer is made of a film having a half mirror effect, and has a visible light transmittance of 15 to 60%.
[0004]
As described above, according to the skylight that suppresses transmission of heat rays and visible light, it is possible to prevent the entry of heat rays and prevent an increase in indoor temperature, as compared with a skylight simply formed of a transparent window plate. Furthermore, by suppressing the entry of visible light, reducing the illuminance on the floor immediately below the lighting unit irradiated with sunlight, and reducing the illuminance difference with the floor in the surrounding area, for example, installation in direct sunlight The erroneous operation of the light sensor in response to visible light can be eliminated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the skylight structure is provided as described above, sunlight can be taken into the interior of the building to make the interior bright. However, the sunlight passing through the skylight merely illuminates the space in the direct light range defined by the skylight, and when viewed from the whole indoor space, bright places and non-bright places clearly appear.
[0006]
For example, the floor surface in the direct sunlight range directly below the lighting unit is unnecessarily bright by being directly irradiated with light, but the floor surface in the outer periphery of the direct sunlight range is in a situation where the brightness is insufficient. The difference in the illuminance due to the difference in the position is extremely large. According to the measurement results of the present inventors, when the illuminance near the floor surface in the direct-light range of the skylight is 40,000 lux, the illuminance near the floor surface in the center between adjacent skylights is only 3,000 lux. This is because sunlight is irradiated in a spotlight shape only in the direct light range.
[0007]
The present inventor, in order to eliminate the uneven illuminance indoors as described above, to form a window plate with a netted glass plate and a transparent polycarbonate plate adhered and fixed to one surface of the glass plate, the sunlight entering from the skylight, It was made possible to reach the outer edge of the direct sunlight range. According to this multi-layered window plate, the transmitted light is scattered by the polycarbonate plate to generate indirect light, the irradiation range is expanded by the indirect light, and the illuminance on the floor outside the direct range is reduced to a considerable extent. Could be improved.
[0008]
However, there was a problem that the sheet glass broke when the outside temperature was high. It is thought that the thermal expansion coefficient of the integrated glass sheet and the transparent plastic sheet material are significantly different, and the sheet glass to be expanded and deformed is restrained by the plastic sheet material and cannot absorb the deformation stress. It is. When a laminated glass in which a resin film was interposed between two glass sheets was used instead of the glass sheet with a net, the glass sheet was similarly broken.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to convert most of sunlight entering from a skylight into indirect light, and to illuminate a wide area outside a direct light range with the indirect light, thus eliminating an extreme illuminance difference due to a difference in indoor position. Another object of the present invention is to provide a skylight structure that can make the brightness of an indoor space substantially uniform.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a case in which a glass sheet and a polycarbonate sheet for light diffusion have a multi-layered window plate, but the expansion deformation of the sheet glass can be reliably absorbed, and the ambient temperature conditions are severe. Another object of the present invention is to provide a skylight structure that can surely prevent the glass sheet from breaking, can easily handle the window sheet during construction, and can easily assemble the window sheet.
[0011]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a skylight structure capable of well preventing external heat from entering and exiting through a window plate, and preventing a rise in indoor temperature by preventing heat rays from entering.
[0012]
An object of the present invention is that even if the polycarbonate plate is burned out in a fire, the plate glass can be continuously supported without wobbling, so that the plate glass can be prevented from dropping from a ceiling or a flame can be prevented from blowing out from a skylight. It is to provide a skylight structure having excellent functions.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A skylight structure according to the present invention is provided at an opening between adjacent roofing materials 2 and 2 and is fixed to a roof base 1 and a window frame structure 4 fixed to the frame 3 and supporting a window panel 5. And The window plate 5 is disposed between an outer window plate 32 made of transparent netted glass, an inner window plate 33 made of polycarbonate disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and a joining periphery of the two window plates 32. And a buffer sheet 34 to be formed. The inner window plate 33 is formed entirely of a translucent hollow plate colored semi-milky white, and the inner surface space is uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39. Thus, the sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 to generate indirect light directed in various directions, and the indirect light illuminates the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2 of the direct radiation range Z1. It is characterized by being made possible.
[0014]
The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape, and the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally formed via the buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the two window plates 32 and 33. The cushioning sheet 34 is bonded and fixed, so that the expansion deformation of the outer window plate 32 can be absorbed by the plastic deformation action of the buffer sheet 34.
[0015]
The outer surface of the outer window plate 32 has a flat surface, and the inner surface thereof has an uneven surface. A heat reflection film 35 that blocks heat rays from entering can be attached to the outer surface of the outer window plate 32.
[0016]
The periphery of the window plate 5 is supported by the window frame structure 4 including the zipper gasket 19, and is located between the inner surface of the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom of the zipper gasket 19 that receives the lower surface of the inner window plate 33. It is possible to adopt a structure in which the refractory strip 40 for preventing the window plate 32 from collapsing is arranged.
[0017]
Operation and Effect of the Invention
In the present invention, the window plate 5 is constituted by an outer window plate 32 made of glass and an inner window plate 33 adhered to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32. The inner window plate 33 is made of polycarbonate, and is entirely semi-milky. The inner space was uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39. According to the skylight using the window plate 5, it is confirmed that the illuminance in the outer side part Z2 can be increased while suppressing the illuminance in the direct sunlight range Z1, and the extreme illuminance difference due to the difference in the indoor position is eliminated. As a result, the brightness of the indoor space could be made substantially uniform. Most of the sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused and scattered by the inner window plate 33 to be converted into indirect light, thereby illuminating the indoor space of the outer side portion Z2 of the indirect light direct range Z1 in various directions. That's why.
[0018]
According to the window plate 5 in which the buffer sheet 34 is formed with an adhesive butyl rubber tape and the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via the buffer sheet 34, the outer window plate 32 The expansion deformation can be absorbed by the plastic deformation of the buffer sheet 34 obliquely into a parallelogram. Therefore, even if the temperature condition around the skylight is severe, the durability of the skylight structure can be improved by reliably preventing the outer window plate 32 from breaking. Since the inner and outer windows 32, 33 are bonded and fixed and integrated, the handling of the windows 32, 33 at the time of construction can be simplified, and the installation of skylights, which necessitate work at high altitudes, is reduced. It can be done safely with effort. The heat insulation of the air layer in the group of compartments divided by the partition wall 39 prevents the entrance of external heat, so that it is possible to prevent heat from entering and exiting through the skylight, and the temperature inside the compartment rises abnormally. Or lowering can be prevented.
[0019]
According to the skylight structure in which the heat reflection film 35 that blocks the entry of heat rays is attached to the outer surface of the outer window plate 32, the heat rays going indoors can be reflected by the heat reflection film as compared with the skylight formed only by the transparent window plate. Since the light can be reflected at 35 to prevent its entry, it is possible to prevent the indoor temperature from rising, and also to prevent the outer window plate 32 from being heated by the heat rays and greatly expanded and deformed. .
[0020]
According to the skylight structure in which the fire-resistant material 40 is arranged between the inner surface of the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom of the zipper gasket 19, even if the polycarbonate inner window plate 33 is burned out in a fire, the outer window The plate 32 can be continuously supported without wobbling. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the outer window plate 32 from collapsing from the ceiling, or to prevent the flame from blowing out from the skylight, and to obtain a skylight structure excellent in fire resistance function as a whole.
[0021]
【Example】
1 to 5 show an embodiment of a skylight structure according to the present invention. In FIGS. 2 and 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a roof foundation, and 2 denotes a folded roof material (roof material) assembled on the roof foundation 1. The skylight structure installed at the opening between the adjacent folded roof materials 2 is formed along the eaves ridge direction, and is fixed to the roof base 1 and to the frame 3 And a window plate 5 supported by the window frame structure 4.
[0022]
In FIG. 3, the frame portion 3 includes a pair of right and left angle members 7 fixed to the roof foundation 1, a base frame 9 having a U-shaped cross section fastened and fixed to opposite side surfaces of both angle members 7 with bolts 8, and It comprises a lower frame 10 fixed to the lower surface, and a T-shaped fastening fitting 11 fastened and fixed to the base frame 9 together with the lower frame 10.
[0023]
On one side of the lower frame 10, a receiving wall 12 that supports a lower surface of a window plate support frame 20 described later is formed in a step shape. The angle member 7, the base frame 9, and the lower frame 10 are each made of a long material corresponding to the length of the skylight in the eaves ridge direction. The fastening fitting 11 includes a U-shaped fastening frame 14 opening downward and a screw shaft 15 fixed to the center of the inner surface of the fastening frame 14, and is provided at regular intervals.
[0024]
The window frame structure 4 includes a cap body 18 fixed to the base frame 9 by the fastener 11, a rubber zipper gasket (window packing) 19 inserted and mounted on the cap body 18, and mounted on the receiving wall 12. The left and right lower frames 10 are bridged to form a window support frame 20 or the like. The cap body 18 is made of a long material in which a main frame 21 having a C-shaped cross section into which the fastening frame 14 is inserted, and a seal arm 22 projecting laterally from an upper corner of the main frame 21 are integrally formed. .
[0025]
The zipper gasket 19 is made of a rubber strip material having a hexagonal cross section. A mounting groove 24 is formed on one side of the zipper gasket so as to fit on the seal arm 22, and a seal groove 25 for supporting the window plate 5 is formed on the other side. . The locking groove 27 is press-fitted into the groove 26 on the upper surface of the zipper gasket 19, whereby the mounting groove 24 and the seal groove 25 are tightened, so that the zipper gasket 19 can be fixed to the seal arm 22 and further fitted into the seal groove 25. The inserted window plate 5 can be fixed inseparably. The window plate support frame 20 is formed of a frame having a U-shaped cross section, and a rubber sheet 28 is attached to an upper surface thereof.
[0026]
The frame part 3 and the window frame structure 4 are assembled as shown in FIGS. First, the left and right base frames 9 are fixed to the angle member 7, and the folded roof member 2 and the gutter 30 are placed on the upper surface thereof. Further, the cap body 18 in which the fastening fitting 11 is fitted is placed on the folded roof material 2 and the upper surface of the gutter body 30, and the folded frame material 2 and the gutter body 30 are pressed and held by the fastening frame 14, and the screw shaft 15 is inserted through the insertion hole of the base frame 9. In this state, the lower frame 10 is inserted into the screw shaft 15, and the nut 16 is screwed into the screw shaft 15 from the lower surface side of the lower frame 10, so that the cap body 18, the folded roof material 2, the gutter body 30 and the lower frame 10 Is fixedly fastened to the base frame 9. Thereafter, the zipper gasket 19 is assembled on the seal arm 22, and the window plate support frame 20 is placed on the lower frame 10.
[0027]
In FIGS. 1 and 4, the window plate 5 includes an outer window plate 32 made of transparent meshed glass, an inner window plate 33 disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and a peripheral edge of the two window plates 32. And a buffer sheet 34 for bonding and fixing.
[0028]
The outer surface of the outer window plate 32 is formed flat, and a heat reflection film 35 that blocks the entry of heat rays is attached to the outer surface. The inner surface of the outer window plate 32 is formed with an uneven surface. The heat reflective film 35 is made of a metal vapor-deposited film having weather resistance, and for example, an externally attached type (product number ZS05G) of Leftel (trade name) of NI Teijin Shoji Co., Ltd. can be applied.
[0029]
The inner window plate 33 is made of an extruded product made of polycarbonate, and is entirely formed of a translucent hollow plate colored semi-milky white. More specifically, the inner window plate 33 is formed of a hollow plate material in which a space between the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38 is partitioned in parallel by a group of partition walls 39. This kind of hollow plate material is commercially available, and for example, twin carbo (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. can be used.
[0030]
The total thickness of the inner window plate 33 is 6 mm, the adjacent pitch of the partition wall 39 is about 6 mm, the thickness of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38 is 0.45 mm, and the thickness of the partition wall 39 is 0.32 mm. , And its visible light transmittance is 66%.
[0031]
The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via a buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the two window plates 32 and 33. The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape to which bromine is added, having a width of about 8 to 10 mm and a thickness of about 2 mm. The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are brought into close contact with the buffer sheet 34, and the two window plates 32, 33 are pressed down until the tape thickness is crushed to about 1 mm. Adhere and fix. In this fixed state, a small gap E is formed between the window plates 32 and 33 (see FIG. 4). The space E may be 1 to 3 mm, but is preferably about 1 mm. This is because, if the gap space E is increased, the thickness of the buffer sheet 34 increases by that much, and when the two window plates 32 and 33 are bonded, a part of the tape protrudes in the width direction and the lighting area decreases.
[0032]
Many portions of the lower surface periphery of the outer window plate 32 are in close contact with the buffer sheet 34, but since the lower surface of the outer window plate 32 has an uneven surface, unbonded portions are generated in some places, and therefore, The gap space E is not always closed. As described above, when the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrated with the buffer sheet 34 made of butyl rubber tape, the displacement between the two window plates 32 and 33 when the outer window plate 32 expands and deforms is reduced. Can be absorbed by obliquely plastically deforming into a parallelogram shape, so that the outer window plate 32 can be reliably prevented from breaking even under severe ambient temperature conditions.
[0033]
When a fire occurs, the window panel 5 may collapse if the inner window panel 33 is burned out. In order to prevent the window plate 5 from falling, a refractory strip 40 is arranged between the outer window plate 32 and the bottom of the seal groove 25 of the zipper gasket 19. The refractory strip 40 is made of a string-like strip made of chloroprene rubber having excellent non-combustibility. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. It was attached using. If necessary, the refractory strip 40 can be arranged in two or three internal spaces facing the seal groove 25.
[0034]
In order to confirm the daylighting effect of the skylight structure configured as described above, the conventional skylight structure and the skylight structure of the present invention were installed in the same building, and the distribution of brightness indoors was confirmed. As shown, the illuminance in the direct sunlight range Z1 of the sunlight entering from the skylight and the illuminance in the outer periphery Z2 of the direct sunlight range Z1 were measured.
[0035]
The illuminance was measured just below the skylight and at the adjacent center of the adjacent skylight, and was measured at a height of 1 m from the floor surface. The instrument is designated by reference numeral 42. The interval between the skylight structures on the roof was 8 m, and the height of the roof from the floor was 9.5 m. The results are summarized in the table below.
[0036]
[Table 1]

[0037]
According to the skylight structure of the present invention, the illuminance of the outer side portion Z2 can be improved while significantly reducing the illuminance of the direct radiation range Z1, and the illuminance difference is only 1500 Lx. The illuminance was measured in the same way on cloudy days, but the illuminance difference between the two was further reduced to 1600 Lx in the direct radiation range Z1 and 1500 Lx in the outer periphery Z2. Incidentally, the reason why the illuminance of the outer side portion X2 is high is that sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 and indirect light directed in various directions is generated as shown in FIG. It is estimated that the indirect light can illuminate the indoor space of the outer side Z2. The fact that the surface of the outer window plate 32 facing the inner window plate 33 is formed as an uneven surface also seems to be useful for promoting the diffusion of sunlight.
[0038]
In addition to the above embodiments, the skylight structure of the present invention can be applied to any of the vertical roof and the horizontal roof. The frame portion 3 and the window frame structure 4 should be appropriately changed according to the difference in the roof structure, the size and the weight of the window plate 5, and the like, and are not limited to the structures described in the embodiments. Similarly, the thickness dimensions and details of the outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are not limited to the dimensions described in the embodiment.
[0039]
The buffer sheet 34 only needs to have adhesiveness and viscoelasticity, and does not necessarily need to be formed of butyl rubber. As the refractory strip 40, a metal wire such as a wire or a steel wire can be applied, and it is sufficient that the refractory strip 40 is disposed between the outer window plate 32 and the groove bottom of the zipper gasket 19. That is, it is not necessary to arrange in the inner space of the inner window plate 33.
[0040]
The partition wall 39 of the outer window plate 33 does not need to be orthogonal to the wall surfaces of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38, and can be formed, for example, in a state of obliquely intersecting the wall surfaces of the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38. . Alternatively, the partition wall 39 can be formed in a ring shape or a continuous waveform. If necessary, an intermediate wall parallel to both walls may be provided between the upper wall 37 and the lower wall 38.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of a skylight.
FIG. 2 is an overall sectional view of a skylight structure.
FIG. 3 is an exploded front view of a skylight component.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view in which a part of a window plate is cut away.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an illuminance measurement position in an illuminance test.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof base 2 Roof material 3 Frame part 5 Window plate 19 Zipper gasket 32 Outer window plate 33 Inner window plate 34 Buffer sheet 35 Heat reflection film 39 Partition wall 40 Fireproof strip material

Claims (4)

A skylight structure installed at an opening between adjacent roofing materials 2;
A frame portion 3 fixed to the roof base 1 and a window frame structure 4 fixed to the frame portion 3 and supporting a window plate 5;
The window plate 5 is disposed between an outer window plate 32 made of transparent meshed glass, an inner window plate 33 made of polycarbonate disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer window plate 32, and a joining periphery of the two window plates 32. And a buffer sheet 34 to be
The inner window plate 33 is formed entirely of a translucent hollow plate material colored semi-milky white, and the inner surface space is uniformly partitioned by a group of partition walls 39,
The sunlight passing through the window plate 5 is diffused by the inner window plate 33 to generate indirect light directed in various directions, and the indirect light can illuminate the indoor space of the outer periphery Z2 of the direct radiation range Z1. Skylight structure characterized by doing. The buffer sheet 34 is formed of an adhesive butyl rubber tape,
The outer window plate 32 and the inner window plate 33 are integrally bonded and fixed via a buffer sheet 34 disposed between the peripheral edges of the two window plates 32, 33,
The skylight structure according to claim 1, wherein the expansion deformation of the outer window plate (32) can be absorbed by the plastic deformation action of the buffer sheet (34). The outer surface of the outer window plate 32 has a flat outer surface, and an inner surface thereof has an uneven surface.
The skylight structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat reflection film (35) for blocking heat rays from entering is attached to an outer surface of the outer window plate (32). The periphery of the window plate 5 is supported by the window frame structure 4 including the zipper gasket 19,
A fire-resistant strip (40) for preventing the outer window plate (32) from collapsing is disposed between the inner surface of the outer window plate (32) and the groove bottom of the zipper gasket (19) for receiving the lower surface of the inner window plate (33). Or the skylight structure of 3.

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