JP3644623B2 - Evaporometer - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an evaporometer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by forest photosynthesis and the amount of oxygen generated are proportional to the amount of solar radiation and water consumption. Therefore, if the amount of forest evaporation is measured, the amount of photosynthesis in the forest can be determined. Therefore, measuring the amount of evaporation by forest vegetation plays a decisive role for the conservation and utilization of forest resources.
In Africa and other countries, there are concerns about the expansion of desertification, but in order to prevent this, it is important to first grasp the substance of evaporation in dry land.
Measuring the amount of evaporation in the atmosphere in this way is extremely important for the protection of the global environment and the utilization of earth resources. However, what is conventionally known as an evaporation meter for measuring the amount of evaporation is that of the Japan Meteorological Agency. There was only a Tarai type by regulation. This Tarai type evaporometer fills Tarai with a diameter of 120 cm and a depth of 25 cm with water, and uses the amount of decrease in the water level as the evaporation amount.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the above conventional evaporator uses a 120 cm caliber Tarai, it is expensive and difficult to transport to measurement sites such as forests and deserts, and it is difficult to perform sufficient management. . In addition, since the water level of Tarai rises when it rains, there is a problem that it must always be installed in combination with a rain gauge and the rise in water level due to rain must be subtracted. Furthermore, especially when installed in forests, litter such as fallen leaves falls into the sea bream and covers the surface of the water. Therefore, in order to perform accurate measurements, it is necessary to always clean the litter and to perform maintenance work. There is also a problem that it is serious.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an evaporometer with a simple structure that is not easily affected by rainfall and the like, and that requires less maintenance work.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, that is, a container for containing water, an unglazed pipe disposed above the water surface of the water in the container, and an evaporation from the outer surface of the unglazed pipe. And a replenishment means for guiding the water in the container to the inside of the unglazed tube so as to replenish the water.
At that time, as the replenishing means, a replenishment pipe whose upper end is connected to the unglazed pipe and the inside is filled with the water, a stopper for sealing the lower end of the replenishment pipe, and a lower end passing through the stopper and the lower end in the container It can be configured by a thin tube immersed in water, or a replenishment tube whose upper end is connected to the unglazed tube and filled with the water, and the inside of the replenishment tube to the inside of the container It is also possible to adopt a configuration comprising a valve that restricts the movement of water and allows the movement of water from the inside of the container to the inside of the supply pipe.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an evaporator according to the present invention. The polyethylene container 4 contains water 6 and the opening of the container 4 is sealed with a rubber container stopper 3. A synthetic resin (for example, hard vinyl chloride) supply pipe 7 passes through the container plug 3, and an unglazed pipe 1 having an inverted U-shaped cross section is fixed to the upper end of the supply pipe 7 with an adhesive. Has been. A stopper 8 is attached to the lower end of the replenishment pipe 7, and the narrow pipe 5 penetrates the stopper 8, and the lower end of the narrow pipe 5 is immersed in the water 6 in the container 4. The container plug 3 also passes through a vent pipe 2 that communicates the upper space of the water surface in the container 4 with the outside air, and the vent pipe 2 that protrudes outward from the container plug 4 is connected to the hook 2a. It is formed into a shape.
[0006]
The present embodiment is formed as described above, and a method of using this evaporator will be described below. First, water 6 is placed in the container 4. Next, the container plug 3, the replenishment pipe 7 fixed thereto, the unglazed pipe 1 fixed to the replenishment pipe 7, and the ventilation pipe 2 are inverted together so that water 6 is introduced into the replenishment pipe 7 and the unglazed pipe 1. It is acceptable. Next, the tip of the thin tube 5 is soaked in water and sucked in, for example, a human mouth to fill the thin tube 5 with water. Next, the mouth of the supply tube 7 is closed by the stopper 8 to which the thin tube 5 is attached. Thereafter, the container plug 3, the supply pipe 7, the unglazed pipe 1, the ventilation pipe 2, the plug 8 and the narrow pipe 5 are brought upright together, and the opening of the container 4 is sealed with the container plug 3.
[0007]
Then, this evaporator is installed at the measurement site. At that time, since the tip of the vent pipe 2 is formed in the hook 2a, it is convenient when the evaporator is hung on a branch or the like.
When an evaporometer is installed at the measurement site, water evaporates from the surface of the unglazed tube 1 and water in the tube wall of the unglazed tube 1 tends to decrease, but the water seems to wet the tube wall of the unglazed tube 1 Therefore, the water 6 inside the container 4 is supplied to the inside of the unglazed tube 1 through the thin tube 5. That is, as long as the lower end of the thin tube 5 is immersed in the water 6 in the container 4, the water 6 is always supplied to the inside of the unglazed tube 1.
[0008]
Therefore, for example, by measuring the decrease amount of the water 6 in the container 4 at regular time every day, the evaporation amount during the day can be known. As a specific measuring method, for example, the container 4 is formed to be at least partially transparent or translucent, and a graduation is engraved on the part, and the amount of water in the container 4 is measured by measuring the amount of decrease from the previous day. A method of replenishing water when the amount of water is considerably reduced can be employed.
Moreover, it can replace with the measurement of water amount and can also measure the weight of the whole evaporator. At that time, if the hook 2a is suspended via the weight sensor, a special control is not required except when water is replenished by sending a signal from the weight sensor to a remote place.
[0009]
As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to obtain an evaporator having a remarkably simple structure. Further, since the tube wall of the unglazed tube 1 is always wet with water, even if it rains, the water does not flow backward and the amount of water in the container 4 does not increase, and dust and the like are not easily attached. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an evaporometer that is not easily affected by rainfall or the like and that requires less maintenance work.
[0010]
In addition, when the stopper 8 is not attached to the lower end of the supply pipe 7, the water in the unglazed pipe 1 falls when the unglazed pipe 1 is erected. That is, the stopper 8 attached to the supply pipe 7 plays a role of preventing water in the unglazed pipe 1 from dropping when the unglazed pipe 1 is erected. However, if the unfired tube 1 is erected by working in water without attaching the stopper 8 to the supply tube 7, the unglazed tube 1 is erected while holding the water in the unglazed tube 1. However, considering the actual work, it is difficult to erect the unglazed tube 1 in the water in the container 4.
[0011]
Now, when the unglazed tube 1 is erected in a state where water is held inside the unglazed tube 1, the unglazed tube 1 is positioned above the water level in the container. Depending on the height from the bottom, a negative pressure of about 10 to several tens of centimeters is caused by the difference in water head. Therefore, at this time, either the state in which water is retained in the unglazed tube 1 is maintained, or the atmosphere outside the unglazed tube 1 passes through the unglazed tube 1 and enters the interior. And once the latter arises, the water in the unglazed tube 1 falls abruptly.
[0012]
Whether the former or the latter occurs depends on the water head difference and the degree of density of the unglazed tube 1, but the water head difference is about several tens of centimeters. When the unglazed tube 1 having an appropriate density is used, the two are almost balanced. At this time, whether water is actually held or whether water falls suddenly depends on whether or not the movement of water is restricted. That is, when the movement of water is restricted, the former occurs and the state where water is held inside the unglazed tube 1 is maintained, and when the movement of water is not restricted, the latter occurs and the inside of the unglazed tube 1 The water falls.
[0013]
Therefore, if the stopper 8 to which the narrow tube 5 is attached does not block the mouth of the supply pipe 7, water can freely move inside and outside the supply pipe 7, so that the water is retained inside the unglazed pipe 1. Even if the unglazed tube 1 is erected in this state, the atmosphere outside the unglazed tube 1 enters the unglazed tube 1 and the water in the unglazed tube 1 drops.
However, in the present embodiment, the inside and outside of the supply pipe 7 are communicated with each other by the narrow pipe 5, and when water tries to descend through the narrow pipe 5, a significant frictional force is generated. Therefore, the water in the unglazed tube 1 cannot fall, and the state in which water is retained in the unglazed tube 1 is maintained.
Actually, water evaporates from the surface of the unglazed tube 1, but the rate of decrease due to the evaporation of water is extremely low. Therefore, the suction of water into the unglazed tube 1 is performed quasi-statically, that is, the frictional force when water rises through the thin tube 5 does not become an obstacle to the suction.
[0014]
As described above, the plug 8 that closes the mouth of the supply tube 7 and the narrow tube 8 that penetrates the plug 8 firstly prevent the water in the unglazed tube 1 from dropping when the unglazed tube 1 is erected. Plays a function. Secondly, after the unglazed tube 1 is erected, the air outside the unglazed tube 1 is prevented from entering the unglazed tube 1. Third, when water evaporates from the surface of the unglazed tube 1, it functions to replenish it semi-statically.
[0015]
In this embodiment, the opening of the container 4 is sealed with the container stopper 3. Therefore, if there is no vent pipe 2, as the water level in the container 4 decreases, the pressure in the upper space in the container 4 becomes negative, making it difficult to supply water to the unglazed pipe 1. Therefore, in order to keep the upper space in the container 4 at atmospheric pressure at all times, the vent pipe 2 is provided. In other words, the opening of the container 4 can be configured not to be sealed by the container stopper 3, and at that time, it is not necessary to provide the vent pipe 2.
[0016]
In this embodiment, the supply pipe 7 is used. However, the supply pipe 7 may be omitted. That is, the unglazed tube 1 can be directly fixed to the container plug 3, and the narrow tube 5 can be attached so as to penetrate the portion of the container plug 3 where the unglazed tube 1 is fixed. Even with this configuration, the water 6 can be replenished inside the unglazed tube 1, but the work of initially filling the water 6 inside the unglazed tube 1 is somewhat cumbersome, so that the refill tube 7 as in the present embodiment. It is preferable to close the lower end with a plug 8 through which the thin tube 5 passes.
[0017]
Next, FIG. 2 shows a main part of the second embodiment. In this embodiment, an inner tube 9 is provided through the stopper 8, and the lower end of the inner tube 9 is immersed in the water 6 in the container 4. O-rings 10 and 12 are mounted on the upper and lower sides of the inner tube 9, and a ball 11 is mounted between the O-rings 10 and 12. The lower O-ring 10 serves as a valve seat, the ball 11 serves as a valve, and the upper O-ring 12 prevents the ball 11 from falling off.
As described above, the downward flow generated when the atmosphere outside the unglazed tube 1 enters the inside of the unglazed tube 1 is abrupt, and the upward flow for replenishing water evaporated from the outer surface of the unglazed tube 1 is quasi-static. It is. In the first embodiment, focusing on the fact that the former is abrupt and the latter is quasi-static, the capillaries 5 are used to prevent the former and allow the latter. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, focusing on the fact that the former is a downward flow and the latter is an upward flow, a valve is used to prevent the former and allow the latter.
[0018]
In addition, the thin tube 5 of the first embodiment does not completely prevent the downward flow, but regulates the flow velocity thereof. Therefore, it is not necessary for the ball 11 of the second embodiment to be able to completely prevent the downward flow.
On the other hand, it is necessary not to prevent the upward flow that is performed quasi-statically. That is, since the differential pressure between the inner surface of the unglazed tube 1 and the water 6 in the container is very small, if the differential pressure is consumed to push up the ball 11, the water 6 is replenished inside the unglazed tube 1. become unable. Therefore, the ball 11 is preferably a very light ball, that is, a ball whose specific gravity is slightly heavier than 1.
[0019]
FIG. 3 shows the main part of the third embodiment. Also in this embodiment, an inner tube 9 is provided through the plug 8. Absorbent cotton 13 and 15 is attached to the inside of the inner tube 9 at the top and bottom, and mercury 14 is attached between the absorbent cottons 13 and 15. The lower absorbent cotton 13 serves as a valve seat, the mercury 14 serves as a valve, and the upper absorbent cotton 15 prevents the mercury 14 from falling off.
The actions and effects of the third embodiment are almost the same as those of the second embodiment, but the upper and lower absorbent cottons 13 and 15 also perform the action of regulating the flow rate. Further, the upward flow is performed by deforming the mercury 14.
[0020]
It should be noted that the supply pipe 7 can also be deleted in the configurations of the second and third embodiments. That is, the unglazed tube 1 is directly fixed to the container stopper 3, the inner tube 9 is attached so as to penetrate the portion of the container stopper 3 to which the unglazed tube 1 is fixed, and an O-ring and a ball are placed inside the inner tube 9. It is also possible to attach absorbent cotton or mercury inside the inner tube 9. However, the work of filling the water 6 into the unglazed tube 1 first is somewhat troublesome.
[0021]
Next, FIG. 4 shows a result of comparing the evaporator using the thin tube of the first embodiment and the evaporator using mercury of the third embodiment with a conventional Tarai type evaporator. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that there is an almost complete correlation between the conventional Tarai type evaporator and the evaporator according to the present invention.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to observe unattended for a long time even in remote areas such as forests and deserts where there is no commercial power supply, and therefore comparatively observe the evaporation amount by soil and by vegetation. An evaporometer that can be provided was provided.
Moreover, according to the evaporator according to the present invention, since one evaporator is inexpensive, it can be measured in many places, and can be easily transported to the site, and can be measured by simply placing it on a branch or hanging it on a branch. There is an advantage that you can. Moreover, since the water surface to evaporate is not exposed, there is little influence by rainfall, and since dust etc. do not accumulate, the outstanding effect that there is no need for cleaning can be exhibited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a second embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a third embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison between the present invention and the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Unglazed pipe 2 ... Ventilation pipe 2a ... Hook 3 ... Container stopper 4 ... Container 5 ... Thin pipe 6 ... Water 7 ... Supply pipe 8 ... Stopper 9 ... Inner pipe 10, 12 ... O-ring 11 ... Ball 13, 15 ... Absorbent cotton 14 …mercury

Claims (5)

A container containing water, an unglazed pipe disposed above the surface of the water in the container, and water in the container to replenish the water evaporated from the outer surface of the unglazed pipe. An evaporometer having a replenishing means for guiding the inside. The replenishing means includes a replenishment pipe having an upper end connected to the clay tube and filled with the water, a stopper for sealing the lower end of the replenishment pipe, and a lower end passing through the stopper into the water in the container. The evaporator according to claim 1, comprising an immersed thin tube. The replenishing means includes an upper end connected to the unglazed tube and an interior filled with the water, and the movement of the water from the inside of the replenishing tube to the inside of the container is restricted, and The evaporator according to claim 1, comprising a valve that allows water to move inside. The evaporator further includes a container stopper that seals the mouth of the container, and a vent pipe that communicates the upper space of the water surface in the container and the outside air,
The evaporator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the supply pipe and the vent pipe are both provided so as to penetrate the container stopper. The evaporator according to claim 4, wherein the vent pipe protruding outward from the container stopper is formed in a hook shape.

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