JP2000075051A - Evaporimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaporimeter whose structure is simple, which is hardly subjected to the influence of a rainfall or the like and whose maintenance operation is small. SOLUTION: A container 4 into which water 6 is put is provided. A porous tube 1 which is arranged at the upper part from the surface of the water 6 inside the container 4 is provided. A replenishment means by which the water 6 inside the container 4 is guided to the inside of the porous tube 1 so as to replenish the water 6 evaporated from the outer face of the porous tube 1 is provided. For example, a replenishment pipe 7 the upper end of which is connected to the porous tube 1, the inside of which is filled with the water 6 and the lower end of which is immersed in the water 6 inside the container 4, a stopper 8 which tightly seals the lower end of the replenishment pipe 7, and a capillary 5 which is passed through the stopper 8, compose the replenishment means.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to an evaporator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed and the amount of oxygen generated by photosynthesis in forests are proportional to the amount of solar radiation and water consumption.
Therefore, by measuring the amount of evaporation of the forest, it is possible to know the amount of photosynthesis in the forest. Therefore, the measurement of forest vegetation evaporation plays a decisive role for the conservation and utilization of forest resources. In Africa and other countries, there is concern that desertification will increase. In order to prevent this, it is important to first understand the substance of evaporation in drylands. Measuring the amount of evaporation of the atmosphere in this way is extremely important for the protection of the global environment and the utilization of earth resources, but what is conventionally known as an evaporometer for measuring the amount of evaporation is the Japan Meteorological Agency. There was only the Talai type by the regulations. In this Taray-type evaporator, a Taray having a diameter of 120 cm and a depth of 25 cm is filled with water, and the amount of decrease in the water level is defined as the amount of evaporation.

[0003]

The above-mentioned conventional evaporator is
Since a tarai having a diameter of 120 cm is used, there are problems that it is expensive, that it is difficult to transport it to a measurement place such as a forest or a desert, and that it is difficult to perform sufficient management. In addition, when there is rainfall, the water level of Tarai rises, so there is also a problem that it must be installed in combination with a rain gauge and the rise in water level due to rainfall must be subtracted. Furthermore, especially when installed in forests, debris such as fallen leaves fall into the tarai and cover the water surface.Therefore, in order to perform accurate measurement, debris must be constantly cleaned and maintenance work is required. There is also a problem that it is serious. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an evaporometer which has a simple structure, is less susceptible to rainfall and the like, and requires less maintenance work.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, that is, a container for holding water and an unfired tube arranged above the surface of the water in the container. And a replenishing means for guiding water in the container to the inside of the unfired tube so as to replenish the water evaporating from the outer surface of the unfired tube. At this time, as the replenishing means, a replenishing tube having an upper end connected to the unglazed tube and filled with the water, a plug for sealing the lower end of the replenishing tube, and a lower end penetrating the plug and the lower end in the container. It is also possible to adopt a configuration consisting of a thin tube immersed in water, or a supply tube whose upper end is connected to the unglazed tube and whose inside is filled with the water, and a supply tube from the inside of the supply tube to the inside of the container. A valve may be provided which restricts the movement of water and permits the movement of water from the inside of the container to the inside of the supply pipe.

[0005]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an evaporator according to the present invention. Water 6 is contained in a polyethylene container 4, and the mouth of the container 4 is sealed by a rubber container stopper 3. A supply tube 7 made of a synthetic resin (for example, hard vinyl chloride) penetrates through the container stopper 3, and an unfired tube 1 having an inverted U-shaped cross section is fixed to an upper end of the supply tube 7 with an adhesive. Have been. A plug 8 is attached to a lower end of the supply pipe 7, and a thin tube 5 penetrates the plug 8, and a lower end of the thin tube 5 is immersed in water 6 in the container 4. The container plug 3 also penetrates the ventilation pipe 2 that communicates the space above the water surface in the container 4 with the outside air, and the part of the ventilation pipe 2 protruding outward from the container plug 4 is connected to the hook 2a. It is formed in a shape.

The present embodiment is formed as described above.
Hereinafter, a method of using the evaporator will be described. First, the water 6 is placed in the container 4. Next, the container stopper 3, the supply pipe 7 fixed thereto, the unfired pipe 1 fixed to the supply pipe 7, and the ventilation pipe 2 are integrally inverted, and water 6 is supplied into the supply pipe 7 and the unfired pipe 1. Can be accommodated. Next, the tip of the thin tube 5 is immersed in water, and is sucked by, for example, a human mouth to fill the thin tube 5 with water. Next, the opening of the supply tube 7 is closed by the stopper 8 to which the thin tube 5 is attached. Thereafter, the container stopper 3, the supply tube 7, the unglazed tube 1, the ventilation tube 2, the stopper 8 and the thin tube 5 are erected integrally, and the mouth of the container 4 is sealed with the container stopper 3.

[0007] Thereafter, the evaporator is installed at the measurement site.
At this time, since the end of the ventilation pipe 2 is formed on the hook 2a, it is convenient when the evaporator is hung on a branch or the like. When an evaporator is installed at the measurement site, water evaporates from the surface of the unfired tube 1 and water in the tube wall of the unfired tube 1 tends to decrease, but water will wet the tube wall of the unfired tube 1. Therefore, the water 6 inside the container 4 is supplied into the unfired tube 1 through the thin tube 5. That is, as long as the lower end of the thin tube 5 is immersed in the water 6 in the container 4, the inside of the unfired tube 1 is always supplied with the water 6.

[0008] Therefore, for example, by measuring the amount of water 6 in the container 4 at regular time every day, the amount of evaporation during the day can be known. As a specific measurement method,
For example, the container 4 is formed at least partially transparent or translucent, and graduations are scribed on the portion, and the amount of decrease from the previous day is measured by this graduation. When the amount of water in the container 4 is considerably reduced, water is removed. Replenishment can be adopted. Instead of measuring the amount of water, the weight of the entire evaporator can also be measured. At this time, if the hook 2a is hung via the weight sensor, a signal from the weight sensor is sent to a remote place, so that no special management is required except when refilling water.

As described above, according to this embodiment, an evaporator having a remarkably simple structure can be obtained. Unglazed tube 1
Since the pipe wall is always wet with water, even if it rains, the water does not flow backward and the amount of water in the container 4 does not increase, and dust and the like hardly adhere. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an evaporator which is hardly affected by rainfall or the like and requires less maintenance work.

When the plug 8 is not attached to the lower end of the supply tube 7, water in the unfired tube 1 drops when the unfired tube 1 is erected. That is, the plug 8 attached to the supply pipe 7 serves to prevent water in the unfired tube 1 from dropping when the unfired tube 1 is erected. However, if the unfired tube 1 is erected by performing work in water without attaching the stopper 8 to the supply tube 7, the unfired tube 1 is erected while holding water in the unfired tube 1. However, considering the actual operation, it is difficult to erect the unglazed tube 1 in the water in the container 4.

When the unfired tube 1 is erected while water is retained in the unfired tube 1, the unfired tube 1 is located above the water level in the container. Is a head difference of 10 to several tens according to the height from the water surface.
It becomes a negative pressure of about cm. Therefore, at this time, either a state in which water is retained inside the unfired tube 1 or an atmosphere outside the unfired tube 1 passes through the unfired tube 1 and enters the inside occurs. Then, once the latter occurs, the water in the unglazed tube 1 drops rapidly.

Whether the former or the latter occurs depends on the head difference and the degree of density of the unglazed tube 1, but the head difference is about several tens of centimeters, and the water oozes out to the surface appropriately and the evaporating tube If the unfired tube 1 having a density suitable for use as
The two are almost in a balanced state. At this time, whether the water is actually retained or the water falls rapidly depends on
It depends on whether water movement is restricted. That is, when the movement of water is restricted, the former occurs and the state of retaining water inside the unglazed tube 1 is maintained, and when the movement of water is not restricted, the latter occurs and the unburned tube 1 Water falls.

Therefore, if the cap 8 with the thin tube 5 attached thereto,
If the opening of the supply pipe 7 is not closed, water can move freely inside and outside the supply pipe 7, so that the unfired pipe 1 is erected while water is held inside the unfired pipe 1. Even if the atmosphere outside the unfired tube 1 enters the unfired tube 1, the water in the unfired tube 1 will drop. However, in this embodiment, the inside and outside of the supply tube 7 are communicated with each other by the small tube 5, and when water tries to descend through the small tube 5, a remarkable frictional force is generated. Therefore, the water in the unfired tube 1 cannot be dropped, and the state of retaining the water inside the unfired tube 1 is maintained. In practice, water evaporates from the surface of the unfired tube 1, but the rate of decrease due to evaporation of water is extremely low. Therefore, the suction of the water into the unglazed tube 1 is performed quasi-statically, that is, the frictional force when the water rises in the thin tube 5 does not hinder the suction.

As described above, the stopper 8 closing the mouth of the supply pipe 7
First, the thin tube 8 penetrating the stopper 8 has a function of preventing water in the unfired tube 1 from dropping when the unfired tube 1 is erected. Secondly, after erecting the unfired tube 1, it functions to prevent the air outside the unfired tube 1 from entering the inside of the unfired tube 1. Thirdly, when water evaporates from the surface of the unfired tube 1, it functions to quasi-statically replenish the water.

In this embodiment, the mouth of the container 4 is
Sealed. Therefore, if there is no vent pipe 2, as the water level in the container 4 decreases, the container 4
The pressure in the upper space inside becomes negative pressure, and it becomes difficult to supply water to the unglazed tube 1. Therefore, in order to always keep the upper space in the container 4 at atmospheric pressure, the ventilation pipe 2 is provided. In other words, the opening of the container 4 may not be sealed by the container stopper 3, in which case the vent pipe 2 does not need to be provided.

Although the supply pipe 7 is used in the present embodiment, the supply pipe 7 may be omitted.
That is, the unfired tube 1 is directly fixed to the container stopper 3, and the thin tube 5 is penetrated through the container stopper 3 at the portion where the unfired tube 1 is fixed.
Can also be attached. Even with this configuration, the water 6 can be replenished inside the unfired tube 1, but the work of first filling the water 6 into the unfired tube 1 becomes slightly troublesome, and thus the replenishing tube 7 as in this embodiment is required. It is preferable to close the lower end with a plug 8 through which the thin tube 5 penetrates.

FIG. 2 shows a main part of the second embodiment. In this embodiment, an inner tube 9 is provided through the stopper 8.
The lower end of the inner pipe 9 is immersed in the water 6 in the container 4.
O-rings 10 and 12 are mounted vertically inside the inner tube 9, and a ball 11 is mounted between the O-rings 10 and 12. The lower O-ring 10 serves as a valve seat,
The ball 11 plays the role of a valve, and the upper O-ring 12
This prevents the ball 11 from falling off. As described above, the downflow generated when the atmosphere outside the unfired tube 1 enters the unfired tube 1 is rapid, and the upflow for replenishing the moisture evaporated from the outer surface of the unfired tube 1 is quasi-static. It is. In the first embodiment, noting that the former is abrupt and the latter is quasi-static, the thin tube 5 is used so as to block the former and allow the latter. On the other hand, this second
In the embodiment, a valve is used so as to prevent the former and allow the latter, focusing on the fact that the former is a descending flow and the latter is an ascending flow.

The narrow tube 5 of the first embodiment does not completely prevent the downward flow but regulates the flow velocity. Therefore, it is not necessary for the ball 11 of the second embodiment to completely prevent the downward flow, but it is sufficient if the ball 11 can be regulated to a certain extent. On the other hand, it is necessary not to hinder the quasi-static upflow. That is, since the pressure difference between the inner surface of the unfired tube 1 and the water 6 in the container is very small, if the pressure difference is consumed to push up the balls 11, the water 6 is replenished inside the unfired tube 1. become unable. Therefore, the ball 11 is very light,
That is, those having a specific gravity slightly higher than 1 are preferable.

FIG. 3 shows a main part of the third embodiment. Also in this embodiment, an inner tube 9 is provided through the stopper 8.
Above and below, absorbent cottons 13 and 15 are mounted inside the inner tube 9, and mercury 14 is mounted between the absorbent cottons 13 and 15. The lower absorbent cotton 13 serves as a valve seat, and the mercury 14
Plays the role of a valve, and the upper absorbent cotton 15 prevents the mercury 14 from falling off. The operation and effects of the third embodiment are almost the same as those of the second embodiment, but the upper and lower absorbent cottons 13 and 15 also perform the operation of regulating the flow velocity. The ascending flow is performed by deforming the mercury 14.

Note that the supply pipe 7 can also be omitted from the configurations of the second and third embodiments. That is, the unfired tube 1 is directly fixed to the container stopper 3, and the inner tube 9 is attached so as to penetrate the container stopper 3 of the portion where the unfired tube 1 is fixed, and the O-ring and the ball are placed inside the inner tube 9. It may be attached, or absorbent cotton and mercury may be attached inside the inner tube 9. However, the work of first filling the inside of the unglazed tube 1 with water 6 is slightly troublesome.

Next, FIG. 4 shows the result of comparing the evaporometer using the thin tube of the first embodiment and the evaporometer using mercury of the third embodiment with a conventional Tarai-type evaporator. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that there is almost perfect correlation between the conventional Tarai-type evaporator and the evaporator according to the present invention.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform unmanned and long-term observation, especially in remote areas such as forests and deserts where there is no commercial power supply. An evaporator was provided that allowed the volume to be compared. In addition, according to the evaporator according to the present invention, since one evaporator is inexpensive, measurement can be performed in many places, and the amount of evaporation can be measured simply by carrying it to the site, placing it, or hanging it on a branch. There is an advantage that you can. In addition, since the evaporating water surface is not exposed, the effect of rainfall is small, and since garbage and the like do not accumulate, an excellent effect that cleaning is not required can be exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a main part of a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a main part of a third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison between the present invention and the prior art.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Unglazed pipe 2 ... Vent pipe 2a ... Hook 3 ... Container stopper 4 ... Container 5 ... Narrow tube 6 ... Water 7 ... Supply tube 8 ... Plug 9 ... Inner tube 10, 12 ... O-ring 11 ... Ball 13, 15 ... Absorbent cotton 14 …mercury

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A container for storing water, an unfired tube disposed above a surface of the water in the container, and water in the container for replenishing the water evaporated from an outer surface of the unfired tube. And a replenishing means for guiding the inside of the unglazed tube. 2. The replenishing means includes a replenishing tube having an upper end connected to the unglazed tube and filled with the water, a stopper for sealing the lower end of the replenishing tube, and a lower end penetrating the stopper and connecting the lower end to the inside of the container. The evaporometer according to claim 1, comprising a capillary immersed in the water. 3. The replenishing means includes a replenishing pipe having an upper end connected to the unglazed pipe and having an interior filled with the water, and a movement of the water from the interior of the replenishing pipe to the interior of the vessel, wherein the water is regulated. 2. The evaporator according to claim 1, further comprising a valve that allows water to move from the inside to the inside of the supply pipe. 4. The evaporometer further includes a container plug for closing the mouth of the container, and a vent pipe for communicating an upper space above the water surface in the container with the outside air. 4. The evaporometer according to claim 2, wherein both are provided so as to pass through the container stopper. 5. The evaporator according to claim 4, wherein the vent pipe protruding outward from the container stopper is formed in a hook shape.