CN102169193B - Self-recording instrument for evaporation capacity of sandy land - Google Patents

Self-recording instrument for evaporation capacity of sandy land Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102169193B
CN102169193B CN201110028023XA CN201110028023A CN102169193B CN 102169193 B CN102169193 B CN 102169193B CN 201110028023X A CN201110028023X A CN 201110028023XA CN 201110028023 A CN201110028023 A CN 201110028023A CN 102169193 B CN102169193 B CN 102169193B
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water level
water
level control
electronic program
wick
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201110028023XA
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CN102169193A (en
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赵明
李广宇
魏强
陈文业
王芳
戚登臣
朱丽
邴丹珲
张继强
康建军
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GANSU RESEARCH ACADEMY OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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GANSU RESEARCH ACADEMY OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Publication of CN102169193A publication Critical patent/CN102169193A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-recording instrument for the evaporation capacity of a sandy land, which can be used for fixedly monitoring the ground evaporation capacity in a natural environment and automatically recording ecological environment factors in real time. The self-recording instrument comprises an evaporation pan system, a capillary connecting device, a water level controlling and water supplying device, a soil moisture monitoring and electronic program controlling system, a data recording, storing and displaying system, a seepage discharging and receiving system and a housing, wherein the evaporation pan system and the water level controlling and water supplying device are connected with the capillary connecting device; the soil moisture monitoring and electronic program controlling system comprises a moisture monitoring electronic program controller, a pressure sensor, two thermistors and two temperature sensors, wherein the electronic program controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the thermistors and the temperature sensors, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the water level controlling and water supplying device; and the evaporation pan system, the capillary connecting device and the water level controlling and water supplying device are arranged at the housing. The self-recording instrument is suitable for an all-weather and long-term located monitoring in the open, can be used for continuously and accurately measuring the ground evaporation capacity, and is especially suitable for the sandy land.

Description

Sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and forestry and hydrologic monitoring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of position monitor physical environment ground surface evaporating capacity, and the sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument of the ability real-time automatic recording ecologic environment factor.
Background technology
Ground surface evaporating capacity is the important factor of ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, its concentrated expression the energy equilibrium and the Water Cycle process of ecologic environment, also be the leading indicator of water balance research.Be difficult to the accurately index of monitoring because the reciprocal effect of many factors, ground surface evaporating capacity are one, at present in the surface weather observation system of standard, as yet not with this index as object of observation.Ground surface evaporating capacity often takes the method for half monitoring, half theoretical calculate to obtain in research practice, also can adopt the lysimeter method to record through the principle of water balance balanced of artificial moisture.So far, also do not have a kind of long-term open-air position monitor that is applicable to, directly measure the instrument of ground surface evaporating capacity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, easy to use, measure the result continuously, sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument reliably.The present invention can round-the-clockly measure the ecologic environment ground surface evaporating capacity incessantly.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose through following technical scheme:
A kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument, it is characterized in that: it comprises the evaporating dish system, the kapillary connection device; Water level control water replanishing device, soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system, data recording stores display system; Seepage flow is discharged receiving system, shell; The evaporating dish system is connected with the kapillary connection device, and water level control water replanishing device is connected with the kapillary connection device; Soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system comprise humidity detection electronic program controller, pressure transducer, two thermistors and two temperature sensors; Electronic program controller is connected with pressure transducer, two thermistors and two temperature sensors; Pressure transducer is installed on water level control water replanishing device; Evaporating dish system, kapillary connection device and water level control water replanishing device are installed in the enclosure, and seepage flow is discharged receiving system and is connected with water level control water replanishing device; Electronic program controller stores display system with data recording and is connected.
The evaporating dish system comprises that the bottom is provided with the evaporating dish of through hole, and the evaporating dish bottom is provided with the moisture diffusion layer, is equipped with the original state soil layer above the moisture diffusion layer; The kapillary connection device comprises aqua storage tank, wick and lifting motor; Lifting motor is connected with electronic program controller; Lifting motor is placed on outer casing bottom; The lifting motor top is provided with pallet, places aqua storage tank above the pallet, adorns water in the aqua storage tank and is provided with the constant water bit line; The top of wick is positioned at the moisture diffusion layer of through hole top, and the bottom of wick places in the aqua storage tank water; First thermistor and first temperature sensor place original state soil layer top layer, and second thermistor and second temperature sensor place top layer, nature ground.
Water level control water replanishing device comprises water supply bottle, water level control box and communicating pipe; The bottleneck of water supply bottle is downward, and the water supply bottled water also has waterline, and bottleneck is equipped with sealing-plug; Water supply bottle is equipped with draft tube, the draft tube waterline top that is positioned at suitable for reading, and end opening is positioned at the sealing-plug outside; Water level control box is fixedly connected with aqua storage tank, water level control box dress water, and communicating pipe is connected water level control box with aqua storage tank; The constant water bit line of control water level and aqua storage tank is in same surface level, and water supply bottle is equipped with water level control pipe, and the water level control pipe middle part is an emulsion tube; The emulsion tube two ends are fixedly connected rigid pipe, the suitable for reading and water supply bottle water of water level control pipe, the control water level flush of end opening and water level control box; The water level control pipe bottom is fixed on water level control box top, and pressure transducer is installed on water supply bottle.
Seepage flow is discharged receiving system and is made up of with the seepage flow cup milliosmolarity discharger down, and following milliosmolarity discharger top is positioned at water level control box, the control water level flush of the suitable for reading and water level control box of following milliosmolarity discharger, and end opening is positioned at the seepage flow cup.
When the present invention uses; Instrument is arranged at determined environment; Electronic program controller and data recording storage display system are placed on the face of land, shell and the evaporating dish system that is loaded on shell, kapillary connection device and water level control water replanishing device are embedded in determined environment below ground, the surface of the original state soil layer of evaporating dish and natural ground flush; Evaporating dish has completely cut off getting in touch of interior soil of evaporating dish and extraneous soil, replaces the vertical translocation of kapillary to moisture by the kapillary connection device.When natural evaporation from land; The kapillary connection device can through the vertical upper and lower motion of lifting motor, be regulated the length of water delivery wick under the control of soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system; It is consistent with the spontaneous evaporation surface humidity to reach artificial evaporation surface, thereby guarantees that both evaporation capacity are consistent.Water level control water replanishing device is invariable through the waterline of the control of the control water level in water level control pipe and water level control box aqua storage tank; And when the evaporation of original state soil layer, when the constant water bit line of aqua storage tank descended, the downward appropriate moisturizing of water level control pipe recovered the constant water bit line to the original position.The water yield that water level control pipe replenishes downwards is ground surface evaporating capacity, and the additional water yield is obtained by the pressure sensor monitoring that is arranged on the water supply bottle bottom, and monitoring result is transmitted through electronic program controller again and is stored in data recording and stores display system.The weather that meet to rain oozes if any under the rainfall, and the water yield of oozing down in the evaporating dish can be excreted in the seepage flow cup through the following milliosmolarity discharger that seepage flow is discharged receiving system, and the waterline that remains in the aqua storage tank is constant; Ground surface evaporating capacity behind the rain deducts the acquisition of original state soil layer normality water cut by the saturation moisture content (or real water cut) of original state soil layer.
Owing to directly measure evaporation capacity from natural ground and is difficulty very, the present invention has designed the ground surface evaporating capacity that artificial evaporating dish system comes the indirect determination physical environment.Crucial technology is to make evaporating dish evaporation capacity and natural ground surface evaporating capacity continue to be consistent.Gain knowledge according to related physical; The theory that the present invention uses is; When and evaporitic environment identical with structure was consistent when the top layer physicochemical property on evaporating dish and natural ground, evaporating dish was identical with the natural ground identical then evaporation capacity of evaporation surface humidity, and the identical then surface temperature of evaporation capacity is identical; Both evaporation surface humidity identical identical with evaporation capacity be the foundation of structural design of the present invention, evaporation capacity identical identical with surface temperature be the foundation of structure control of the present invention.
Design concept of the present invention is: the evaporation capacity of nature open system is difficult to measure, and must design a closed system and confirm evaporation capacity.Evaporating dish in the closed system has cut off the capillary passage; Utilize the kapillary connection device to replenish the water consumption of evaporation surface; The intensity that capillary replenishes is regulated by soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system; Make the evaporation surface humidity of evaporating dish level off to the humidity of spontaneous evaporation face, capillary derives from the constant water plane by the control of water level control water replanishing device, and by it supply water yield is provided; The supply water yield is transferred to the humidity detection electronic program controller of soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system through pressure transducer, and stores and display system record and preserving by data recording.
The real-time automatic recording ecologic environment factor of the present invention, automatic water supplement have simple in structure, easy to use; Be adapted to all-weather; Can accurately measure characteristics such as ground surface evaporating capacity continuously, can satisfy the requirement of open-air long-term position monitor, be specially adapted to sandy soil ground and use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of first, second thermistor of the present invention and bridge circuit.
Among the figure: 1-evaporating dish, 101-through hole, 2-original state soil layer, 3-moisture diffusion layer, 4-wick, 5-wick securing cover plate, 501-cover plate through hole, 6-aqua storage tank, 7-lifting motor, 8-constant water bit line,
9-water supply bottle, 10-draft tube, 11-sealing-plug, 12-water level control pipe, 121-emulsion tube; 13-web joint, 14-water level control box, 15-communicating pipe, 16-water supply bottle water level, 17-control water level; 18-following milliosmolarity discharger, 19-seepage flow cup, 20-pressure transducer, 21-shell, 22-natural ground; 23-electronic program controller, 24-data recording reservoir, 25-data display equipment, 26-the first thermistor, 27-the second thermistor; 28-the first temperature sensor, 29-the second temperature sensor, 30-pallet, 31-knot.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument, it is characterized in that: it comprises the evaporating dish system, the kapillary connection device; Water level control water replanishing device, soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system, data recording stores display system; Seepage flow is discharged receiving system, shell 21; The evaporating dish system is connected with the kapillary connection device, and water level control water replanishing device is connected with the kapillary connection device; Soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system comprise humidity detection electronic program controller 23, pressure transducer 20, first thermistor 26, second thermistor 27, first temperature sensor 28 and second temperature sensor 29; Electronic program controller 23 and pressure transducer 20, two 26,27 and two temperature sensors 28,29 of thermistor are connected; Pressure transducer 20 is installed on water level control water replanishing device; Evaporating dish system, kapillary connection device and water level control water replanishing device are installed in the shell 21, and seepage flow is discharged receiving system and is connected with water level control water replanishing device; Data recording stores display system and comprises data recording reservoir 24 and data display equipment 25, and electronic program controller 23 is connected with data recording reservoir 24, and data recording reservoir 24 is connected with data display equipment 25.
The function of evaporating dish system provides an artificial evaporation surface, and the kapillary connection device plays and replaces the vertical translocation of kapillary to moisture.The effect of soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system is to regulate the intensity that capillary replenishes, and keeps the evaporation surface humidity of evaporating dish to level off to the humidity of spontaneous evaporation face all the time.The effect of water level control water replanishing device is that control constant water bit line keeps stable, and the supply water yield is provided.Data recording stores and display system plays record, preserve mensuration result and instrument running status.The effect that seepage flow is discharged receiving system is to get rid of rainfall infiltration down, guarantees the round-the-clock normal operation of instrument.
The evaporating dish system comprises that the bottom is provided with the evaporating dish 1 of through hole 101, and evaporating dish 1 bottom is provided with moisture diffusion layer 3, is equipped with original state soil layer 2 above the moisture diffusion layer 3; Moisture diffusion layer 3 is made up of anticorrosive water-absorption fiber; Original state soil layer 2 is taken from test environment undisturbed soil, and the mechanical composition of original state soil layer, density and structure and test environment undisturbed soil remain unchanged, and moisture diffusion layer 3 closely contacts with original state soil layer 2.
The kapillary connection device be positioned at evaporating dish 1 under, the kapillary connection device comprises aqua storage tank 6, wick 4 and lifting motor 7; Lifting motor 7 is connected with electronic program controller 23; Lifting motor 7 is placed on shell 21 bottoms, and lifting motor 7 tops are provided with pallet 30, places aqua storage tank 6 above the pallet 30; Lifting motor 7 places the center, below of aqua storage tank 6; In the descending reciprocal vertical movement of control of soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system, regulate the vertical length of wick, thereby regulation and control aqua storage tank 6 is to the water delivery flow of original state soil layer 2.Aqua storage tank 6 is processed by the noncorroding metal material; Adorn water in the aqua storage tank 6 and be provided with constant water bit line 8; The top of wick 4 is positioned at the moisture diffusion layer 2 of through hole 101 tops; The bottom of wick 4 places in aqua storage tank 6 water and is submerged in water, and the effect of wick 4 is to connect evaporating dish 1 and constant water bit line 8 capillary waters; First thermistor 26 and first temperature sensor 28 place original state soil layer 2 top layers, and second thermistor 27 and second temperature sensor 28 place 22 top layers, nature ground.
Wick 4 is processed by anticorrosive water-absorption fiber, and wick 4 upper ends are provided with the head that expands, and the head that expands closely contacts with moisture diffusion layer 3, guarantees that kapillary is unimpeded; Aqua storage tank 6 is made up of the noncorroding metal material.
Water level control water replanishing device comprises water supply bottle 9, water level control box 14 and communicating pipe 15; Water supply bottle 9 is the glass quality, and the bottleneck of water supply bottle 9 is downward, and water supply bottle 9 dress water also have waterline 16; Bottleneck is equipped with sealing-plug 11, and water supply bottle 9 is equipped with draft tube 10, draft tube 10 waterline 16 tops that are positioned at suitable for reading; End opening is positioned at sealing-plug 11 outsides; Water level control box 14 noncorroding metal materials are processed, and water level control box 14 is fixedly connected through web joint 13 with aqua storage tank 6, and water level control box 14 aqua storage tanks 6 are connected as a single entity; Water level control box 14 dress water, communicating pipe 15 guarantees that with the water level control box 14 formation linker that is connected with aqua storage tank 6 the constant water bit line 8 of control water level 17 and aqua storage tank 6 is in same surface level; Water supply bottle 9 is equipped with water level control pipe 12; The water level control pipe middle part is an emulsion tube 121, and water level control box 14 is moved up and down with aqua storage tank 6, and emulsion tube 121 two ends are fixedly connected rigid pipe; Water level control pipe 12 suitable for reading and water supply bottle 9 water; Control water level 17 flush of end opening and water level control box 14, water level control pipe 12 bottoms are fixed on water level control box 14 tops, and pressure transducer 20 is installed on the bottom of water supply bottle 9; Be used to monitor the water supply bottle SEA LEVEL VARIATION, the water yield that water supply bottle reduces is the evaporation capacity of evaporating dish.
Water level control box 14 noncorroding metal materials are processed; Seepage flow is discharged receiving system by milliosmolarity discharger 18 and seepage flow cup 19 constitute down; Following milliosmolarity discharger 18 tops are positioned at water level control box 14; Following milliosmolarity discharger 14 control water level 17 flush with water level control box 14 suitable for reading, end opening is positioned at seepage flow cup 19.Seepage flow is discharged receiving system and is used for discharging the water yield of oozing under the rainfall to seepage flow cup 19, keeps constant water bit line and control water level to stablize constant.After rainfall; Surface humidity can be higher than normal condition; Or be in saturated or hypersaturated state; Capillary system is understood stop motion or is flow backwards, and at this moment dark Evaporation Phenomenon instrument can take place can't record, and the saturation moisture content of available original state soil layer (or real water cut) deducts original state soil layer normality water cut and obtains evaporation capacity at that time.
Fall to causing water level to raise in order to prevent that foreign matter from falling into wick; As of the present invention perfect, be provided with wick securing cover plate 5 above the port of aqua storage tank 6; Wick securing cover plate 5 is provided with the cover plate through hole 501 that supplies wick 4 bottoms to pass through, and wick 4 bottoms are provided with knot 31, and knot 31 is stuck in above the wick securing cover plate 5.Wick securing cover plate 5 is processed by noncorroding metal.
The principle of work of water level control water replanishing device is: when the evaporation surface of original state soil layer 2 formation evaporates; The constant water bit line 8 of aqua storage tank 6 descends, and the control water level 17 of water level control box 14 descends simultaneously, and the end opening of water level control pipe 12 breaks away from level; Water in the water supply bottle 9 replenishes to water level control box along water level control pipe 12; At this moment the pressure in the water supply bottle 9 descends, and draft tube 10 provides the gas make-up pressure loss to bottle, when water level returns to original position; The end opening of water level control pipe 12 does not have upstream face, and moisturizing stops.
Electronic program controller 14 is equipped with control circuit, and control circuit comprises bridge circuit, and referring to Fig. 2: first thermistor 17 and second thermistor 18 are connected in the bridge circuit, if two thermistors are identical, their impedance with temperature same the variation is taken place.Equate or do not wait system is carried out programmed control with the impedance of first thermistor and second thermistor as electric signal.The principle of control is: if the evaporation capacity of humidity, evaporating dish that the humidity of evaporating dish original state soil layer is lower than nature ground is during less than the evaporation capacity on natural ground, the temperature of evaporating dish is higher than nature ground, and the impedance of first thermistor is higher than second thermistor; Bridge circuit output positive signal; Lifting motor moves upward, and shortens the vertical length of wick, has increased the length of flooding of wick; Increase the magnitude of recruitment of capillary, improved the humidity of evaporating dish original state soil layer.Otherwise then bridge circuit is exported negative signal, and lifting motor moves downward, and increases the vertical length of wick, has shortened the length of flooding of wick, has reduced the magnitude of recruitment of capillary, reduces the humidity of evaporating dish original state soil layer.So to-and-fro movement is consistent up to the humidity on evaporating dish original state soil layer and natural ground.Identical when both humidity, when evaporation capacity is identical, both temperature are identical, impedance phase is with, bridge circuit output zero-signal, lifting motor keeps stationary state.
First temperature sensor 28 and second temperature sensor 29 are respectively applied for the temperature on monitoring original state soil layer 2 evaporation surfaces and natural ground 11.
During use; Instrument is arranged at determined environment; Electronic program controller and data recording store display system and are placed on the face of land; Shell is embedded in determined environment below ground, the surface of the original state soil layer of evaporating dish and natural ground flush with the evaporating dish system that is loaded on shell, kapillary connection device and water level control water replanishing device.

Claims (1)

1. sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument, it is characterized in that: it comprises the evaporating dish system, the kapillary connection device; Water level control water replanishing device, soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system, data recording stores display system; Seepage flow is discharged receiving system, shell; The evaporating dish system is connected with the kapillary connection device, and water level control water replanishing device is connected with the kapillary connection device; Soil moisture monitoring and electronic program control system comprise humidity detection electronic program controller, pressure transducer, two thermistors and two temperature sensors; Electronic program controller is connected with pressure transducer, two thermistors and two temperature sensors; Pressure transducer is installed on water level control water replanishing device; Evaporating dish system, kapillary connection device and water level control water replanishing device are installed in the enclosure, and seepage flow is discharged receiving system and is connected with water level control water replanishing device; Electronic program controller stores display system with data recording and is connected;
The evaporating dish system comprises that the bottom is provided with the evaporating dish of through hole, and the evaporating dish bottom is provided with the moisture diffusion layer, is equipped with the original state soil layer above the moisture diffusion layer; The kapillary connection device comprises aqua storage tank, wick and lifting motor; Lifting motor is connected with electronic program controller; Lifting motor is placed on outer casing bottom; The lifting motor top is provided with pallet, places aqua storage tank above the pallet, adorns water in the aqua storage tank and is provided with the constant water bit line; The top of wick is positioned at the moisture diffusion layer of through hole top, and the bottom of wick places in the aqua storage tank water; First thermistor and first temperature sensor place original state soil layer top layer, and second thermistor and second temperature sensor place top layer, nature ground, the undisturbed soil laminar surface of evaporating dish and natural ground flush;
Water level control water replanishing device comprises water supply bottle, water level control box and communicating pipe; The bottleneck of water supply bottle is downward, and the water supply bottled water also has waterline, and bottleneck is equipped with sealing-plug; Water supply bottle is equipped with draft tube, the draft tube waterline top that is positioned at suitable for reading, and end opening is positioned at the sealing-plug outside; Water level control box is fixedly connected with aqua storage tank, water level control box dress water, and communicating pipe is connected water level control box with aqua storage tank; The constant water bit line of control water level and aqua storage tank is in same surface level, and water supply bottle is equipped with water level control pipe, and the water level control pipe middle part is an emulsion tube; The emulsion tube two ends are fixedly connected rigid pipe, the suitable for reading and water supply bottle water of water level control pipe, the control water level flush of end opening and water level control box; The water level control pipe bottom is fixed on water level control box top, and pressure transducer is installed on water supply bottle.
2. a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the original state soil layer is the undisturbed soil of test environment; The mechanical composition of original state soil layer, density and structure and test environment undisturbed soil are consistent, and the moisture diffusion layer closely contacts with the original state soil layer.
3. a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the wick upper end is provided with the head that expands, and the head that expands closely contacts with the moisture diffusion layer.
4. a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with the wick securing cover plate above the port of aqua storage tank; The wick securing cover plate is provided with the cover plate through hole; The wick bottom is provided with knot, and knot is stuck in above the wick securing cover plate.
5. like any described a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument of claim 1 to 4; It is characterized in that: data recording stores display system and comprises data recording reservoir and data display equipment; Electronic program controller is connected with the data recording reservoir, and the data recording reservoir is connected with data display equipment.
6. a kind of sandy soil ground surface evaporating capacity self recording instrument as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that: seepage flow is discharged receiving system by milliosmolarity discharger and seepage flow cup constitute down; Following milliosmolarity discharger top is positioned at water level control box; The following milliosmolarity discharger control water level flush with water level control box suitable for reading, end opening is positioned at the seepage flow cup.
CN201110028023XA 2011-01-26 2011-01-26 Self-recording instrument for evaporation capacity of sandy land Expired - Fee Related CN102169193B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108896437A (en) * 2018-01-26 2018-11-27 甘肃省林业科学研究院 A kind of full automatic atmospheric evaporation capacity analyzer

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