JP3639609B2 - Fecal malodor reducing composition - Google Patents

Fecal malodor reducing composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3639609B2
JP3639609B2 JP04190493A JP4190493A JP3639609B2 JP 3639609 B2 JP3639609 B2 JP 3639609B2 JP 04190493 A JP04190493 A JP 04190493A JP 4190493 A JP4190493 A JP 4190493A JP 3639609 B2 JP3639609 B2 JP 3639609B2
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Prior art keywords
malodor
group
feces
present
indole
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JP04190493A
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JPH06233807A (en
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則幸 石原
勉 大久保
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Taiyo Kagaku KK
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Taiyo Kagaku KK
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、家畜,家禽またはペットの糞便の悪臭を低減する組成物に関する。より詳しくは、糞便中の悪臭の原因であるアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾール含量を減少させることにより、糞便の悪臭を低減し、環境の改善を行う組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年畜産業界において、ウシ,ブタ,ニワトリ等の家畜や家禽の生産性向上のため飼育環境が過密状態になってきている。このような状況下では、家畜や家禽の排泄する糞便による悪臭は環境面から多大な問題である。
【0003】
また、一般家庭で飼育しているペットにおいては、ペットフードに用いられる原料の多様化あるいは室内での飼育といった近年の飼育環境の変化のためにペットの排泄する糞便の悪臭の低減が重要な問題となってきている。
【0004】
このような背景から、現在さまざまな消臭剤や防臭剤が市販されている。これら消臭剤や防臭剤は、排泄された糞や尿が存在する空間に対して使用するもので、二次的な効果を期待しているにすぎない。
【0005】
一方特開昭63−266では、香料すなわち精油成分を動物に摂取させて臭いを改良する方法が開示されている。しかしながら、揮発性成分のために効力の持続性に問題があり、また動物の嗜好性等の問題がある。
【0006】
ところで、糞便中のアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾールは糞便の代表的な悪臭の成分であることは周知の事実である。これらの化合物は、動物の腸内細菌によりアミノ酸が代謝されて生成することが知られている。すなわち、アンモニアはアミノ酸の脱アミノ反応、あるいはアミノ酸が代謝されて生成した尿素が加水分解され生成される。また、インドールはトリプトファンが、p−クレゾールは芳香族アミノ酸が、それぞれ加水分解されて生成される(森下芳行著、”腸内フローラの構造と機能”、朝倉書店、1990年)。一方、悪臭の成分であるこれらの化合物を生成しないいわゆる有用菌といわれる腸内細菌も存在することが知られている。
【0007】
以上のことより、動物の腸内において該化合物を生成する腸内細菌の代謝活性を制御する事により、糞便中の該化合物の含量が減少し、動物の糞便の悪臭を低減することが可能となる。
【0008】
しかしながら、上記悪臭を生成する腸内菌の代謝活性を変化させることにより動物の糞便の悪臭を低減する組成物は、未だ見い出されていないのが現状である。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、動物の糞便の悪臭の原因であるアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾール含量を減少させることによって糞便の悪臭を低減させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、動物の糞便中のアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾール含量を減少させることにより糞便の悪臭を低減させる目的で鋭意研究を重ねた結果、マンノース直鎖の鎖長が30〜200単位の範囲内に80%以上分布している低分子化したガラクトマンナンが糞便の悪臭を低減することを初めて見い出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0011】
本発明において、家畜,家禽とは、ウシ,ブタ,ニワトリ等の産業上飼育する動物のことを指し、ペットとはイヌ,ネコ等の個人の娯楽のために飼育する動物のことを指す。また、本発明品である低分子化したガラクトマンナンは、例えば、グアーガム,ローカストビーンガム,タラガムあるいはキャロブガム等をアスペルギルス属菌やリゾープス属菌等に由来するβ−マンナナーゼを用いて酵素的にマンノース直鎖のみを加水分解することによって得ることができる。該ガラクトマンナンは酵素の反応時間を変えることにより分子量を変化させることができるが、本発明の糞便の悪臭を低減する目的ではマンノース直鎖の鎖長が30〜200単位の範囲内に80%以上分布するものが良く、さらに好ましくは50〜150単位に分布していることが良い。
なお本発明のマンノース直鎖の鎖長とはガラクトマンナンの主鎖であるマンノースの結合している数をさし、その測定法は特に限定するものではないが、たとえば分解された多糖類を水に溶解しTOSO 803D型の高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用い水を移動相にしてG3000PWのカラムにてゲル濾過を行い、示唆屈折計にて検出する。この際にグルコース数が既知の直鎖デキストリン(グルコース数30,100,200)を指標物質として測定することにより図1のようなグラフが得られる。これから30〜200単位を面積から算出できる。
マンノースの鎖長が30単位より短い場合は、還元糖の含量が多くなるため、有用菌のみならず該化合物を生成能を有する有用菌以外の腸内細菌が資化するため糞便の悪臭低減効果が消失する。一方、マンノース鎖長が200単位以上であると、高分子量のため腸内有用菌が増殖しないので腸内細菌叢が改善されず、そのため本効果が期待できない。
【0012】
尚本発明品は、それ単独で動物に投与しても良く、また飼料に添加して使用しても良い。さらに、糞便の悪臭を低減するための有効量に関しては、該ガラクトマンナンとして、1日当たり0.03〜1.50g/体重kgが好ましく、さらに好ましくは、0.08〜0.83g/体重kgが良い。0.03g/体重kgより少ない投与量では効果が弱く、0.15g/体重kgより多い場合は下痢等の好ましくない影響が生じる。
【0013】
以下、実施例により詳細に説明する。
【実施例】
実施例1
水900部にクエン酸を加えてpHを3.0に調整した。これにアスペルギルス属菌由来のβ−マンナナーゼ0.2部とグアーガム粉末100部を添加混合して40〜45℃で24時間酵素を作用させた。反応後90℃,15分間加熱して酵素を失活させた。ロ過分離して不溶物を除去して得られた透明な溶液を減圧濃縮した後(固形分20%)、噴霧乾燥したところ低分子化したガラクトマンナンの白色粉末65部が得られた(本発明品)。酵素重量法に従う水溶性食物繊維含有量は80%であった。また固定層として、カラムにG3000PW(東ソー(株)製)を用いて高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した結果、該ガラクトマンナンの糖鎖の80%以上はマンノースの鎖長が50〜150単位の範囲内に包含されていた。このとき糖鎖単位の標準試薬として、グルコース数が既知の直鎖デキストリン(グルコース数50,100,150)を用いた。
【0014】
また同様の方法で、反応時間のみを48時間と変えることにより、マンノース直鎖の短いガラクトマンナン(マンノースの鎖長の80%以上が5〜25単位の範囲内に包含されていた。)を調製した(比較品)。
【0015】
試験例1
ビーグル犬(成犬)15頭を各群5頭とし、3群に分けた。250gのドックフードに、実施例1で調製したガラクトマンナン(本発明品)を10g添加した群をA群とし、鎖長の短いガラクトマンナン(比較品)を10g添加した群をB群とし、さらに無添加の群をC群とし、それぞれに1日1回(朝),10日間与えた。尚、水は自由摂取させた。試験終了後、各群のイヌの糞便と尿を採取し、糞便中のアンモニア,インドール,p−クレゾールおよび尿中のインディカン(インドールの代謝産物),p−クレゾールの含量の測定と5人のパネラーによる臭気の官能検査を行った。また、同時に腸内細菌として悪臭生成菌の一種として知られているクロストリジウム菌,有用菌の一種であるビフィズス菌および総菌数を測定した。その結果を表1〜4に示した。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0003639609
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0003639609
【0018】
【表3】
Figure 0003639609
【0019】
【表4】
Figure 0003639609
【0020】
表1と表2より明らかなように、ドックフードに該ガラクトマンナンを添加したA群は、B群とC群に比べて、糞便の悪臭の成分であるアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾールの含量が減少した。この結果は、表3に示した官能検査の結果と一致した。また、表4より明らかなように、腸内細菌の中で悪臭生成菌の一種であるクロストリジウム菌の菌数が低下し、有用菌の一種であるビフィズス菌の菌数が増加した。
【0021】
試験例2
ブロイラー(鶏)27匹を各群9匹とし、3群に分けた。飼料に、実施例1で本発明品を20g添加した群をD群とし、比較品を20g添加した群をE群とし、さらに無添加の群をF群とし、14日間飼育した。試験終了後、各群の鶏の糞便を採取し、糞便中のアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾールの含量の測定と5人のパネラーによる臭気の官能検査を行った。それぞれの結果を表5と表6に示した。
【0022】
【表5】
Figure 0003639609
【0023】
【表6】
Figure 0003639609
【0024】
表5より明らかなように、飼料に本発明品を添加したD群は、E群とF群に比べて糞便の悪臭の成分であるアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾールの含量が減少した。この結果は、表6に示した官能検査の結果と一致した。
【0025】
以上より明らかなように、本発明品は、無味,無臭であるので動物の嗜好性には左右されず、また、動物の糞便の悪臭を極めて効率よく低減する。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明品は動物の糞便の悪臭を極めて効率よく低減することがでるので、環境の改善に貢献するところは多大である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】示唆屈折計にて検出したゲル濾過の溶出パターンの図である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a composition for reducing malodour of livestock, poultry or pet feces. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition that reduces the malodor of feces and improves the environment by reducing the contents of ammonia, indole, and p-cresol, which are the causes of malodor in feces.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the breeding environment has become overcrowded in the livestock industry in order to improve the productivity of livestock such as cattle, pigs and chickens and poultry. Under such circumstances, malodor caused by feces excreted by livestock and poultry is a serious problem from the environmental aspect.
[0003]
In addition, for pets raised in general households, it is important to reduce the odor of feces excreted by pets due to recent changes in the breeding environment such as diversification of raw materials used for pet food and indoor breeding. It has become.
[0004]
Against this background, various deodorants and deodorants are currently on the market. These deodorants and deodorizers are used for spaces where excreted feces and urine are present, and are only expected to have secondary effects.
[0005]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-266 discloses a method for improving the odor by ingesting a fragrance, that is, an essential oil component, into an animal. However, due to the volatile components, there are problems in sustaining efficacy, and there are problems such as animal palatability.
[0006]
By the way, it is a well-known fact that ammonia, indole and p-cresol in stool are components of stool typical odor. These compounds are known to be produced by the metabolism of amino acids by intestinal bacteria of animals. That is, ammonia is produced by deamination of amino acids or by hydrolysis of urea produced by amino acid metabolism. Indole is produced by hydrolysis of tryptophan and p-cresol is produced by hydrolysis of aromatic amino acids (by Yoshiyuki Morishita, “Structure and Function of Intestinal Flora”, Asakura Shoten, 1990). On the other hand, it is known that intestinal bacteria called so-called useful bacteria that do not produce these compounds which are components of malodor are also present.
[0007]
From the above, by controlling the metabolic activity of intestinal bacteria that produce the compound in the intestine of the animal, the content of the compound in the stool is reduced, and it is possible to reduce the malodor of the animal stool Become.
[0008]
However, the present condition is that the composition which reduces the malodor of the feces of an animal by changing the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbe which produces the said malodor has not been found yet.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing stool malodor by reducing the contents of ammonia, indole and p-cresol, which are the cause of animal stool malodor.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research aimed at reducing the malodor of feces by reducing the contents of ammonia, indole and p-cresol in the feces of animals, the present inventors have found that the chain length of mannose linear chain is 30 to 200 units. It was found for the first time that the low molecular weight galactomannan distributed in the range of 80% or more within the range reduces the malodor of feces, and the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
In the present invention, livestock and poultry refer to industrially bred animals such as cows, pigs and chickens, and pet refers to animals bred for personal entertainment such as dogs and cats. Further, the low molecular weight galactomannan which is the product of the present invention, for example, guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum or carob gum is enzymatically converted directly from mannose using β-mannanase derived from Aspergillus or Rhizopus. It can be obtained by hydrolyzing only the chain. The galactomannan can change the molecular weight by changing the reaction time of the enzyme, but for the purpose of reducing the malodor of the stool of the present invention, the mannose linear chain length is in the range of 30 to 200 units and 80% or more. What is distributed is good, More preferably, it is good to distribute to 50-150 units.
The chain length of the mannose straight chain of the present invention refers to the number of mannose, which is the main chain of galactomannan, and the measurement method is not particularly limited. The solution is dissolved in the solution and subjected to gel filtration through a G3000PW column using TOSO 803D type high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with water as the mobile phase and detected with a suggested refractometer. At this time, a graph as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by measuring a linear dextrin having a known glucose number (glucose number 30, 100, 200) as an indicator substance. From this, 30 to 200 units can be calculated from the area.
When the chain length of mannose is shorter than 30 units, the content of reducing sugar increases, so that not only useful bacteria but also enteric bacteria other than useful bacteria capable of producing the compound are assimilated. Disappears. On the other hand, if the mannose chain length is 200 units or more, the intestinal bacterial flora is not improved because useful intestinal bacteria do not grow due to the high molecular weight, so this effect cannot be expected.
[0012]
The product of the present invention may be administered alone to animals, or may be used by adding to feed. Furthermore, regarding the effective amount for reducing the odor of feces, the galactomannan is preferably 0.03-1.50 g / kg body weight per day, more preferably 0.08-0.83 g / kg body weight. good. If the dose is less than 0.03 g / kg body weight, the effect is weak, and if it is more than 0.15 g / kg body weight, undesirable effects such as diarrhea occur.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the embodiment will be described in detail.
【Example】
Example 1
Citric acid was added to 900 parts of water to adjust the pH to 3.0. To this, 0.2 part of β-mannanase derived from Aspergillus sp. And 100 parts of guar gum powder were added and mixed, and the enzyme was allowed to act at 40 to 45 ° C. for 24 hours. After the reaction, the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 90 ° C. for 15 minutes. The transparent solution obtained by filtration separation and removal of insolubles was concentrated under reduced pressure (solid content 20%), and then spray-dried to obtain 65 parts of white powder of galactomannan having a reduced molecular weight. Invention). The water-soluble dietary fiber content according to the enzyme gravimetric method was 80%. Moreover, as a result of measuring by high performance liquid chromatography using G3000PW (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a fixed layer, 80% or more of the sugar chains of the galactomannan have a mannose chain length in the range of 50 to 150 units. Was included. At this time, a linear dextrin having a known glucose number (glucose number 50, 100, 150) was used as a standard reagent for the sugar chain unit.
[0014]
Further, in the same manner, by changing only the reaction time to 48 hours, a short mannose linear galactomannan (80% or more of the mannose chain length was included in the range of 5 to 25 units) was prepared. (Comparative product).
[0015]
Test example 1
Fifteen beagle dogs (adult dogs) were assigned to each group, and divided into three groups. A group in which 10 g of galactomannan prepared in Example 1 (product of the present invention) was added to 250 g of dock food was designated as group A, a group in which 10 g of galactomannan having a short chain length (comparative product) was added was designated as group B, and none The group of addition was set as group C, and each group was given once a day (morning) for 10 days. Water was given freely. At the end of the study, feces and urine from each group of dogs were collected, and the contents of ammonia, indole, p-cresol, indican (metabolites of indole), and p-cresol in stool were measured. Sensory inspection of odor by panelists was conducted. At the same time, the number of Clostridium bacteria known as a kind of malodor producing bacteria as intestinal bacteria, Bifidobacterium which is a kind of useful bacteria, and the total number of bacteria were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1-4.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003639609
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003639609
[0018]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003639609
[0019]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003639609
[0020]
As is apparent from Tables 1 and 2, Group A, in which the galactomannan is added to the dock food, has a reduced content of ammonia, indole, and p-cresol, which are components of fecal malodor, compared to Groups B and C. did. This result coincided with the result of the sensory test shown in Table 3. Further, as is clear from Table 4, the number of Clostridium bacteria, which is a kind of malodor producing bacteria among intestinal bacteria, decreased, and the number of Bifidobacterium, which is a kind of useful bacteria, increased.
[0021]
Test example 2
27 broilers (chicken) were divided into 3 groups, each group consisting of 9 animals. The group in which 20 g of the product of the present invention was added in Example 1 to the feed was defined as group D, the group in which 20 g of the comparative product was added was defined as group E, and the non-added group was defined as group F, and was reared for 14 days. After the test was completed, feces from each group of chickens were collected, and the contents of ammonia, indole and p-cresol in the feces were measured, and sensory tests for odor were conducted by five panelists. The respective results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
[0022]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003639609
[0023]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003639609
[0024]
As apparent from Table 5, Group D, in which the product of the present invention was added to the feed, had lower contents of ammonia, indole and p-cresol, which are components of fecal malodor, compared to Group E and Group F. This result was consistent with the result of the sensory test shown in Table 6.
[0025]
As is clear from the above, the product of the present invention is tasteless and odorless, so it is not influenced by the preference of animals, and it can reduce the odor of animal feces extremely efficiently.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
Since the product of the present invention can extremely effectively reduce the malodor of animal feces, it greatly contributes to the improvement of the environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an elution pattern of gel filtration detected by a suggestive refractometer.

Claims (2)

マンノース直鎖の鎖長が30〜200単位の範囲内に80%以上分布するように低分子化したガラクトマンナンを含有することを特徴とすることを特徴とするペット,家畜,家禽用糞便悪臭低減向け飼料添加組成物。  Fecal malodor reduction for pets, livestock and poultry, characterized by containing galactomannan with a low molecular weight so that the chain length of mannose linear chain is distributed over 80% in the range of 30-200 units Feed additive composition. 悪臭の原因物質がアンモニア,インドールおよびp−クレゾールから選ばれる1種以上の化合物である請求項1記載の糞便悪臭低減向け飼料添加組成物。  The feed additive composition for faecal malodor reduction according to claim 1, wherein the malodor causing substance is one or more compounds selected from ammonia, indole and p-cresol.
JP04190493A 1993-02-05 1993-02-05 Fecal malodor reducing composition Expired - Fee Related JP3639609B2 (en)

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JP2002027921A (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-01-29 Unitika Ltd Agent for improving intestinal bacterial flora and feed
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JP2007099672A (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-19 Taiyo Kagaku Co Ltd Composition for reducing amount of hydrogen sulfide in intestines
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