JP3630238B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shield machine for excavating a natural ground made of, for example, rock.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The shield method, which is one of the methods for constructing tunnels and tunnels, is a method of constructing a tunnel by digging a hole using a shield machine and installing a segment ring on the inner wall of the hole. It is characterized by being able to work.
[0003]
By the way, when excavating a rock or the like with a shield machine, if the rock or the like is rolled by a disk cutter or the like provided in the cutter head, the rock is peeled off and loaded. For this reason, the diameter of the excavation hole is about 10 to 50 mm larger than the excavation outer diameter of the cutter head. Moreover, in the bedrock or the like, the natural ground after excavation is not deformed by earth pressure, and no external pressure is applied to the shield machine. For this reason, a gap is generated between the shield machine and the inner surface of the excavation hole, which may cause the shield machine to slightly tilt inside the excavation hole. As a result, excavation accuracy is not ensured, and an unbalanced load is generated on the disk cutter and the cutter head and the disk cutter are liable to break down.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, as a countermeasure for this, the inclination inside the excavation hole of the shield machine was reduced by welding a steel bar spacer called a fixed sled to the shield machine, but this was not sufficient. There has been a problem that the contact with the shield machine hinders the shield machine.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and when excavating a natural ground such as a bedrock, the shield in the inside of the excavation hole can be surely prevented and the obstacle to the excavation can be reduced. Is to provide a machine.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the shield machine 10 for excavating the natural ground a by the cutter head 12 at the foremost part of the body (skin plate 11),
The body (skin plate 11) includes a roller part 18a that contacts the inner surface of the excavation hole b, a support part 18b that rotatably supports the roller part 18a, and the body (skin plate 11) of the roller part 18a. ) Includes a roller spacer 18 having adjusting means (hydraulic mechanism 18b1, hydraulic jack 18b2) capable of adjusting the protruding length to the outside.
The body (skin plate 11) immediately before each roller spacer 18 is provided with a distance sensor 19 for measuring the size of the gap c between the body and the inner surface of the excavation hole b.
The invention according to claim 2 is a shield machine 10 according to claim 1, for example, as shown in FIGS.
A control mechanism for transmitting a drive signal to the adjusting means (hydraulic mechanism 18b1, hydraulic jack 18b2) based on a detection signal measured by the distance sensor 19 is provided.
[0006]
According to the first or second aspect of the present invention, when excavating a natural ground made of rock or the like by a shield machine, a gap is formed between the trunk and the inner surface of the excavation hole when the rock is separated. However, since the roller spacer contacts the inner surface of the excavation hole, tilting of the shield machine inside the excavation hole is prevented. In addition, since the roller portion is rotatably supported by the support portion, the roller portion does not become an obstacle to excavation by traveling on the inner surface of the excavation hole when excavating a natural ground. Further, it is possible to prevent the shield machine body from rolling (rolling) in the reverse direction due to the reaction of the rotational force of the cutter head. That is, when excavating a natural ground such as a rock mass, the inclination inside the excavation hole of the shield machine can be reliably prevented, and obstacles to the excavation of the shield machine can be reduced.
[0007]
It should be noted that by preventing the shield machine from tilting inside the excavation hole, the excavation accuracy of the shield machine is ensured and the failure of the cutter head can be reduced.
[0009]
Further, the size of the gap between the inner surface of the excavation hole and the body changes depending on the nature of the natural ground, but the adjustment means adjusts the protruding length of the roller part to the outside of the body, This roller portion can be reliably brought into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole. That is, when excavating a natural ground such as a rock mass, the inclination in the excavation hole of the shield machine is more reliably prevented, and obstacles to the excavation of the shield machine are more reliably reduced.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is the shield machine 10 according to claim 2, for example, as shown in FIG.
A plurality of the roller spacers 18 are provided in the circumferential direction of the body (skin plate 11).
[0011]
According to the invention described in claim 3, since a plurality of roller spacers provided in the circumferential direction of the body are in contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole in a direction perpendicular to the axis, the inside of the excavation hole of the shield machine The lateral inclination at is further reliably prevented.
[0012]
As for invention of Claim 4, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, in the shield machine 10 in any one of Claims 1-3,
A plurality of the roller spacers 18 are provided in the front-rear direction of the body (skin plate 11).
[0013]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of roller spacers provided in the front-rear direction of the body are in axial contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole, Directional tilt is more reliably prevented.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the embodiment of the shield machine which is this invention is described in detail.
FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are diagrams showing excavation situations of natural ground by a shield machine according to the present invention, and reference numeral 10 denotes a shield machine.
[0015]
The shield machine 10 is roughly constituted by a skin plate 11, a cutter head 12, a chamber 13, a screw conveyor 14, a belt conveyor 15, a shield jack 16, a steering jack 17, a roller spacer 18, a distance sensor 19, a control mechanism (not shown), and the like. .
[0016]
The skin plate 11 is an outer shell of the shield machine 10.
The cutter head 12 has a tool bit 12a and a disk cutter 12b, and is driven by a drive unit 12c.
The chamber 13 takes in the excavated bedrock.
The screw conveyor 14 is driven by the drive unit 14a, and conveys the excavated rock and the like backward.
The belt conveyor 15 discharges the excavated rock and the like to the rear of the shield machine 10.
The shield jack 16 propels the shield machine 10 using the arranged segment ring d as a reaction force.
The steering jack 17 bends the shield machine 10 as appropriate.
[0017]
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the roller spacer 18 has two places in the front-rear direction of the skin plate 11, and four places in the circumferential direction at two positions in the front-rear direction, that is, a total of 8 places. It is provided at several locations. Thus, by providing the roller spacer 18 in multiple places, the vertical inclination and the horizontal inclination at the time of excavation of the shield machine 10 are reliably prevented. In addition, since the inclination in the inside of the excavation hole b of the shield machine 10 is prevented, the excavation accuracy of the shield machine 10 is ensured and the failure of the cutter head 12 can be reduced.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the roller spacer 18 includes a roller portion 18a that contacts the inner surface of the excavation hole b, and a support portion 18b that rotatably supports the roller portion 18a. The support portion 18b is fixed inside a box-shaped outer peripheral steel plate 18c welded to the skin plate 11.
[0019]
The support portion 18b includes a hydraulic mechanism 18b1 and a hydraulic jack 18b2. The hydraulic jack 18b2 pivotally supports the roller portion 18a at the tip portion, and the roller portion 18a is an opening portion 11a formed in the skin plate 11. Is inserted into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b. By the hydraulic mechanism 18b1 and the hydraulic jack 18b2, the protruding length of the roller portion 18a to the outside of the skin plate 11 (for example, l1 and l2 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) can be adjusted. Yes. Further, a lid member 18b3 that substantially abuts against the skin plate 11 and the roller portion 18a is provided at the front end of the hydraulic jack 18b2, thereby preventing intrusion of earth and sand into the outer peripheral steel rod 18c.
The roller portion 18a can be replaced as appropriate when worn.
[0020]
The distance sensor 19 is provided in the skin plate 11 immediately before each roller spacer 18 and measures the size of the gap c between the skin plate 11 and the inner surface of the excavation hole b.
[0021]
The control mechanism controls the operation of the shield machine 10. The detection signals measured by the plurality of distance sensors 19 are transmitted to the control mechanism, and a drive signal is transmitted to the hydraulic mechanism 18b1 of the roller spacer 18 based on the detection signals.
[0022]
Next, the operation in the case of excavating a natural ground a such as a bedrock by the shield machine 10 will be described.
[0023]
The shield machine 10 excavates a natural ground a such as a bedrock mainly by a disk cutter 12b. The rock that has been excavated and taken into the chamber 13 is conveyed rearward by the screw conveyor 14 and further discharged by the belt conveyor 15 to the rear of the shield machine 10. Further, the shield machine 10 is provided with the segment ring d assembled therein inside the excavation hole b, and the segment ring d is dug against the reaction force by the shield jack 16 and further by the steering jack 17 as appropriate. . The arranged segment ring d is stabilized by the backing material filled in the gap e between the segment ring d and the inner surface of the excavation hole b.
[0024]
By the way, when excavating a natural ground a such as a rock mass, the rock mass bent by the loading pressure of the disk cutter 12b is partially detached from the surface by loading the rock mass etc. while rolling mainly by the disk cutter 12b. Come on. For this reason, the diameter of the excavation hole b is about 10 to 50 mm larger than the excavation outer diameter of the cutter head 12, and a gap c is formed between the skin plate 11 and the inner surface of the excavation hole b. The shield machine 10 measures the size of the gap c at a plurality of locations by each of a plurality of distance sensors 19 provided immediately before the roller spacer 18 and transmits a detection signal to the control mechanism.
[0025]
Detection signals measured by the plurality of distance sensors 19 are transmitted to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism transmits a drive signal to each of the plurality of hydraulic mechanisms 18b1 based on the detection signals. Then, each hydraulic mechanism 18b1 adjusts the expansion / contraction length of the hydraulic jack 18b2, and brings the outermost end of the roller portion 18a into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b.
[0026]
Since the roller portion 18a contacts the inner surface of the excavation hole b, the shield machine 10 is stabilized inside the excavation hole b, and vibration and oscillation during excavation are prevented. Further, since the roller portion 18a travels on the inner surface of the excavation hole b, the shield machine 10 advances stably.
[0027]
According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
[0028]
(1) When excavating a natural ground a made of rock or the like by the shield machine 10, a gap c is formed between the skin plate 11 and the inner surface of the excavation hole b by peeling the rock, but the roller spacer Since 18 is in contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b, vibration and swinging in the excavation hole b of the shield machine 10 are prevented. Moreover, since the roller portion 18a is rotatably supported by the support portion 18b, the shield machine 10 stably moves forward when the roller portion 18a travels on the inner surface of the excavation hole b when excavating the natural ground a. . That is, when excavating the natural ground a such as a bedrock, the inclination inside the excavation hole b of the shield machine 10 is prevented, and obstacles to the excavation of the shield machine 10 can be reduced. In addition, since the inclination in the excavation hole of the shield machine 10 is prevented, the excavation accuracy of the shield machine 10 is ensured, and the failure of the cutter head 12 and the disk cutter 12b can be reduced. Further, it is possible to prevent the main body of the shield machine 10 from rolling (rolling) in the reverse direction due to the reaction of the rotational force of the cutter head 12.
[0029]
(2) Although the size of the gap c between the inner surface of the excavation hole b and the skin plate 11 varies depending on the nature of the natural ground a, the outer side of the skin plate 11 of the roller portion 18a is moved by the hydraulic mechanism 18b1 and the hydraulic jack 18b2. This roller portion 18a can be reliably brought into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b. That is, when excavating a natural ground a such as a bedrock, the inclination in the excavation hole b of the shield machine 10 is more reliably prevented, and the obstacle to the excavation of the shield machine 10 is more reliably reduced.
[0030]
(3) Since the roller spacers 18 provided at four locations in the circumferential direction of the skin plate 11 are in contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b at four locations orthogonal to the axis, Lateral inclination can be prevented more reliably.
[0031]
(4) Since the roller spacers 18 provided at two locations in the front-rear direction of the skin plate 11 are in axial contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole b, the longitudinal direction in the excavation hole b of the shield machine 10 It is possible to more reliably prevent the inclination.
[0032]
In addition, this invention is not limited to a present Example, Arbitrary changes are possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
[0033]
For example, in the present embodiment, the adjustment of the protrusion length of the roller portion 18a to the outside of the skin plate 11 is automatically performed using the control mechanism, but the measurement result by the distance sensor 19 is output to a monitor or the like. Based on the output result, the worker may perform it manually. Or of course, the protrusion length to the outer side of the skin plate 11 of the roller part 18a may be fixed.
[0034]
In this embodiment, the roller spacer 18 is provided in two places in the front-rear direction of the skin plate, ie, two places in the front-rear direction and four places in the circumferential direction. And the number is not limited.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, when the rock spacer or the like is excavated, the roller spacer comes into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole, so that the inclination in the excavation hole of the shield machine is surely prevented. At the same time, the obstacles to the shield machine can be reduced.
[0036]
Further, even if the size of the gap between the inner surface of the excavation hole and the fuselage changes due to the nature of the natural ground, the adjustment means can reliably bring the roller portion into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole. In addition, the tilt inside the excavation hole of the shield machine can be prevented more reliably, and obstacles to the excavation of the shield machine can be reduced more reliably.
[0037]
According to the third aspect of the invention, the same effect as that of the first or second aspect of the invention can be obtained, and a plurality of roller spacers are provided in a direction perpendicular to the axis with respect to the inner surface of the excavation hole. By contacting, the horizontal inclination of the shield machine can be more reliably prevented.
[0038]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the first to third aspects of the invention, and the roller spacer is axially formed with respect to the inner surface of the excavation hole. By making multiple contact, the vertical inclination of the shield machine can be more reliably prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a situation where a natural ground is excavated by a shield machine according to the present invention, (a) is a sectional view in the axial direction of the drilling hole, and (b) is a sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the drilling hole. is there.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of a roller spacer according to the present invention, both of which are orthogonal to each other. FIGS.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Shield machine 11 Skin plate (body)
12 Cutter head 18 Roller spacer 18a Roller portion 18b Support portion 18b1 Hydraulic mechanism (adjustment means)
18b2 hydraulic jack (adjustment means)
a natural ground b drilling hole c gap between skin plate and inner surface of drilling hole

Claims (4)

In a shield machine that excavates natural ground with the cutter head at the forefront of the fuselage,
The body includes a roller portion that contacts an inner surface of the excavation hole, a support portion that rotatably supports the roller portion, and an adjustment unit that can adjust a protruding length of the roller portion to the outside of the body. A roller spacer having
A shield machine, characterized in that a distance sensor for measuring a size of a gap between the body and an inner surface of an excavation hole is provided in a body immediately before each roller spacer. The shield machine according to claim 1,
A shield machine comprising a control mechanism for transmitting a drive signal to the adjusting means based on a detection signal measured by the distance sensor. In the shield machine according to claim 1 or 2,
A plurality of roller spacers are provided in the circumferential direction of the body, and the shield machine is characterized in that: In the shielding machine in any one of Claims 1-3,
A plurality of roller spacers are provided in the front-rear direction of the body.

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