JP3628521B2 - Pavement surface forming block and permeable pavement structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pavement surface forming block that forms all or part of a pavement surface such as a road, a sidewalk, and a parking lot, and more particularly to a block that forms a water-permeable pavement surface and a permeable pavement structure using the block. is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Water travels through a series of cycles: evaporation, cloud formation, rainfall, infiltration into the ground or aggregation in waterways, and evaporation again. The evaporated water maintains a comfortable temperature and comfortable humidity for the animals and plants on the ground, and the water that has penetrated into the ground remains partly in the porous formation containing air, and the rest remains in the lower aquifer. It flows down into groundwater. Plants on the ground absorb water from porous formations to form forests (green spaces), and groundwater is supplied from aquifers when there is a shortage of porous formations. Grown plants fall and become compost by the decomposition of microorganisms, forming a fertile soil.
[0003]
Forests (green spaces) have the ability to retain rainwater and purify rainwater. In other words, nutrient salts dissolved in the water accumulated on the surface of the earth are decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, reformed into nutrients and reused, becoming clean water, partly flowing out to nearby waterways, and the rest underground. Return to. Nitrogen components are added to the forest at 5.5 kg per hectare per year, while runoff is 0.6 kg, and purification of rainwater by absorbing nitrogen components through fallen leaves reaches 90%.
[0004]
By the way, pavement is a method of leveling the ground surface to consolidate porous and water-retaining soil to form a non-porous, non-drainable soil mass and then covering with concrete or the like. Paved surfaces are increasing due to road construction and urbanization.
[0005]
In densely populated urban areas, due to the extreme reduction of the exposed soil surface due to overcrowding of houses and road paving, the action of relieving the temperature due to the heat of vaporization of water can not work, air drying, ground temperature, The temperature is rising. Also, the rise in ground temperature and the decrease in organic matter remaining in the soil makes it difficult to build a green park using the soil in the city area, and the cost of building parks etc. increases as soil replacement is required. In addition, in order to seek good quality soil suitable for greening from surrounding forests (green spaces), there is even a vicious circle in which natural forests and green spaces are sacrificed and nature is destroyed in a wider range.
[0006]
The water retention capacity of urban areas during rainfalls is extremely lower than that of forest areas, causing a sudden increase in the amount of rainwater runoff, thereby causing disasters. In order to cope with changes in the runoff coefficient of rainwater due to land changes due to urbanization, it will be necessary to excavate new rivers and install underground recreation ponds. With the difficulty of construction, it is forced to respond to the rear and rear.
[0007]
Construction of civil engineering structures such as dams and weirs is accompanied by destruction of natural land (forest destruction), and if construction site, scale, timing, method, etc. are mistaken, it will start from increase in flood volume, Soil erosion and irreparable destruction of green space have progressed, and although there are few in Japan, land has become deserted in other countries, leading to the situation where humans must be separated from the land. Furthermore, the cultivation of forests, that is, the creation of fields, orchards, and paddy fields is based on agricultural civil engineering technology, and the purpose of food supply is achieved, but this is also an environmental change and is safe. It's hard to say. In order to maintain it safely, we must continue to continuously manage with specialized technology and investment. The arable land of the forest based on the population increase reduces the water retention capacity as in the case of urbanization, thus causing an increase in floods and water shortages. However, if arable land is left unattended, it will soon be restored naturally to the original forest.
[0008]
It is brown forest soil that forms the macroscopic surface of Japan. There, the temperature of the soil is appropriately high, there is a considerable amount of precipitation, and there is a relatively large amount of moisture falling down into the ground. It is irrelevant that there is an abundant supply of organic matter such as deciduous leaves from trees to the surface, which enhances the water retention capacity of the surface, prevents the surface from flowing down, and earns time for rainwater to flow away. Absent. Since the surface of the earth is wet, clay is often produced. Otherwise, if groundwater is present in shallow locations, salt accumulation is accelerated, and groundwater and thus river water salt concentrations increase. There are examples in foreign countries where increased nitrate ion concentrations in groundwater threaten human and livestock health.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to increase the water retention capacity of soil and promote the purification of rainwater by the action of nature, it is extremely important that rainwater that has fallen on the ground surface penetrates into the soil below the pavement as much as possible. One means for achieving this is the advent and dissemination of permeable pavement materials. However, the water-permeable pavement material currently used is simply a matter of dropping water into the ground on the spot and has various problems.
[0010]
First, the rainwater that has passed through the water-permeable pavement reaches a crushed stone roadbed with a gap that supports the pavement, and the layer is excellent in water permeability, so that it finally reaches the roadbed surface quickly. That will drastically increase the water content of the roadbed. By the way, the roadbed is not artificial and is natural and is not usually modified. Conversely, the required pavement thickness is determined from the soil test results of the soil such as the CBR test. The CBR test is a test that takes into account the deterioration due to the moisture content of the soil, but the actual increase in the moisture content is that the bearing capacity of the road bed is increased except for a good subgrade soil that has a lot of gravel and sand and is well-tightened. It is not preferable because it is significantly reduced.
[0011]
On the other hand, conventional impervious pavement surfaces do not have the above types of dangers. Rainwater temporarily stagnates on the pavement surface, and is drained by a gravity along a surface gradient to a gutter or the like. When there are many buildings and open spaces around the road, it cannot be denied that rainwater is not drained correctly and temporarily accumulates on the pavement surface. In such a case, when the drainage gradient of the road is small and the rainfall intensity is large, water having a stagnant water depth exists on the pavement surface. If it is a road surface, it will cause the hydroplane phenomenon to be harmful to vehicles that pass by, and pedestrians to feel unpleasant due to splashing water.
[0012]
Therefore, the pavement surface is made of permeable pavement material, and a water shielding layer is provided below the pavement material, where rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement material does not permeate downward, and the target drainage is safe and reliable. A structure that leads to a groove or the like may be employed, but the cost is high and the construction is difficult, and the utilization is low.
[0013]
In the present invention, in order to enhance the water retention capacity of the soil and promote the purification of rainwater without reducing the support capacity of the roadbed without providing such an extra water shielding layer and water guiding measures, It is intended to return safely to the basement.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The block for forming a pavement surface according to claim 1 includes a water-permeable pavement plate 1, a funnel-shaped receiving frame 2 that supports the lower peripheral edge of the outer periphery, and a water pipe 6 connected to a water collecting portion 4 of the receiving frame, upper end opening of the water pipe is that protrude above the bottom of the water collecting portion 4.
[0015]
Further, in the pavement surface forming block according to the first aspect, the space 11 formed by the water-permeable pavement plate 1 and the receiving frame 2 is filled with a filler 12 such as natural crushed stone .
[0016]
Furthermore, the pavement surface forming block according to claim 1 is characterized in that the filler 12 is mixed with an adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and / or a mineral eluting substance.
[0017]
A second aspect of the present invention, a porous pavement structure constructed with the pavement surface forming block, pavement according to claim 1, wherein a portion in which a predetermined interval on the entire surface or mutual pavement Blocks for forming are arranged, and the water pipes 6 of these blocks support the pavement surface by increasing the water content in the lower part where the lower end openings or small holes 9 are provided through the support formation supporting the pavement surface. It is characterized by reaching a depth that does not impair power.
[0018]
[Action]
The invention according to claim 1 forms a pavement surface with the permeable pavement plate 1, collects rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement plate in the water collecting portion 4, and penetrates a formation that does not like an increase in water content ratio. Even if the water content ratio is increased by the water pipe 6, rainwater is guided to the safe formation and discharged into the soil, and the rainwater can be put underground without reducing the bearing capacity of the formation that does not like the increase in the water content ratio. It can be returned to safety. In addition, a part of the rainwater that has passed through the water-permeable pavement is stored in the water storage pocket 14 formed by projecting the upper end opening of the water pipe above the lower end of the water collecting portion 4 of the receiving frame. By evaporating the stored water, it is possible to relieve the rise in soil temperature and dryness, and to impart water retention capability and rainwater purification capability to the block.
[0019]
Moreover, the invention of claim 1 can adsorb toxic substances and purify the water by bringing rainwater that has passed through the water-permeable paving board into contact with a filler such as natural crushed stone. Therefore, Ru it is possible to prevent the pollution of underground water.
[0020]
Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 1, since the adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and the mineral elution substance are mixed with the filler, the rainwater can be modified in addition to the purification of the rainwater.
[0021]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is similar to the ability of forests such as the ability to temporarily hold water on the pavement surface, the ability to increase groundwater, the ability to maintain comfortable temperatures and humidity in urban areas, and the ability to leach out salts harmful to trees and vegetation. Function can be demonstrated.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a block according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a square water-permeable pavement board. Reference numeral 2 denotes a receiving frame, which is formed into a funnel shape by putting ready-mixed concrete into a mold. The upper portion of the receiving frame 2 is a rectangular tube with a low height, a step portion 3 for receiving the water-permeable pavement plate 1 is provided on the inner side, and a funnel-shaped water collecting portion 4 is provided on the lower portion.
[0023]
A short cylindrical connecting portion 5 is connected to the lower end of the water collecting portion 4, and a water pipe 6 is inserted into the connecting portion. The upper end of the water pipe 6 protrudes upward by a certain length from the lower end of the water collecting portion 4, and a donut-shaped water storage pocket 14 formed by the inner surface of the water collecting portion 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion is formed. Yes. A steel drain lid 8 is fitted into the upper end opening of the protruding end 7 of the water pipe 6. A large number of small circular holes 9 in the radial direction are arranged on the lower peripheral wall of the water pipe 6 between a certain vertical width. The arrangement width of the round holes in the vertical direction of the water pipe is determined in consideration of the state of the formation where the lower end of the water pipe is located.
[0024]
An inverted quadrangular pyramid space 11 extending from the step 3 of the receiving frame 2 to the lower end of the water collecting unit 4 is filled with crushed stone 12 produced by crushing natural rock. The particle size of the crushed stone is such a size that it cannot pass through the drain lid 8.
[0025]
Although the planar shape of the water-permeable pavement plate 1 in the figure is a square, it may be a polygon, a curved shape, or a combination of several shapes. When the planar shape of the permeable pavement plate 1 is rectangular, it is generally more economical for the length and width to be longer. However, the weight of the permeable pavement forming block is increased and the thickness of the permeable pavement plate 1 is increased. since lead to, should Ru determined in consideration of ease and rapidity of installation.
[0026]
The capacity of the water storage pocket 14 of the water flow pipe 6 is small when the space is filled with crushed stone. The rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement 1 is collected at the center lower part by the water collecting part 4 of the receiving frame, and partly stored in the water storage pocket 14, and excess rainwater overflows to the opening of the water pipe 6 at the lower end. Flow down. The rainwater that has flowed down is discharged into the ground from the lower hole or the lower round hole 9 of the water pipe. Since the natural crushed stone 12 originally has the ability to adsorb harmful substances, it can be purified. A physical adsorbent such as activated carbon can be mixed with the crushed stone.
[0027]
The rainwater stored in the water storage pocket 14 of the water collecting unit 4 gives moisture to the natural crushed stone 12 filled in the space 11 and helps the microorganisms attached to the crushed stone 12 to survive and grow. Rainwater can be purified. Further, if the water-absorbing fiber material 15 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the receiving frame or interposed between the crushed stones in the vertical direction, the water permeability is caused by the transpiration from the water-permeable pavement plate 1 and the capillary action of the fiber material 15. Microbial adhesion can also be promoted on the crushed stone 12 in the vicinity of the pavement board. The fiber material 15 is also effective in increasing the water purification capability of the entire block.
[0028]
The rainfall area where one pavement surface forming block receives rainwater is determined by the area of the permeable pavement plate, and the inner diameter area of the water pipe is one tenth of the rainfall area. For example, assuming that the inner diameter area of the water pipe is 1/20, when 50 mm of rainwater per hour falls on the ground surface, this rainwater has only 50 mm of ingress water head on the ground surface. = 1000 mm of approaching water head and approaching into the soil with this water pressure, so it is easy to enter the soil from the round hole 9. Even if it is not possible to enter easily even with this high pressure, it is only necessary to wait for the passage of time because it is temporarily stored safely by the receiving frame. Unlike the stored water that can easily evaporate in the vicinity of the deciduous layer on the surface of the forest, the amount of evaporation of these rainwater stored deeply in the dark is small, and most can be groundwater.
[0029]
The length of the water pipe 6 is determined by conducting a soil survey of the ground to be paved, and obtaining a layer 17 that does not hinder the increase in the water content ratio from the survey results. Depth. Usually, the water pipe 6 is preferably a steel pipe or a thick synthetic resin pipe. Although rare, if there is something that dislikes the increase in water content in the formation, drain pipes with surface water inlets are provided in the ground at appropriate intervals. In this case, since the water pipe needs to avoid the drain pipe, a polyethylene flexible pipe that is not compressed by earth pressure is used as the water pipe. Since the flexible pipe can be easily bent, interference with the drain pipe can be avoided, and the arrangement of the water-permeable pavement surface forming block becomes easy.
[0030]
Next, a method for constructing a pavement surface forming block will be described with reference to FIGS. Conduct geological surveys at several places on the surface of the surface to be paved to find out the stratum structure, find the stratum 17 that does not interfere with increasing water content, and measure the depth from the ground to this stratum Thus, the length of the water pipe 6 is determined.
[0031]
Next, the ground surface is dug up to a certain depth, the bottom surface is consolidated and leveled to form a road bed, and crushed stone and sand are put on the surface to form a crushed stone roadbed 18. Then, the installation center point of the pavement surface forming block 19 of the present invention, that is, the correct position of the water pipe 6 is measured from the completed corner angle or the like, and instead of the tip bit of the vibration crushing construction machine Aion or the like, A heavy steel object with the same outer diameter is attached, and its tip is positioned at the center of installation, and it is pressed into the ground by vibration force and weight. When the heavy article penetrates to a predetermined position, the heavy article is pulled up and the water pipe 6 is press-fitted into the hole 16 formed thereafter.
[0032]
At this time, since the connected water pipe 6 and the connecting part 5 of the receiving frame expand the soil on the ground not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction, depending on the soil quality of the construction site, the effect of the group pile on the entire neighborhood, Even if the length of the water pipe 6 is short, the pavement surface forming block 19 can be firmly supported, and its swinging and displacement can be prevented. In this way, the water-permeable pavement surface forming block 19 of the present invention can also obtain a sufficient supporting force due to the group pile effect just by being installed on the ground, which leads to a significant increase in the supporting force. It is also possible to omit the supporting base material that becomes the crushed stone roadbed 18 that is normally used during construction.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 4, it is preferable to provide a watertight structure by interposing a sealing material 21 between the side walls of the receiving frame that supports the water-permeable pavement plate 1.
[0034]
FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. An inner side of the upper edge of the receiving frame is a tapered surface 22 that is inclined toward the center of the receiving frame, and a reverse tapered surface 23 that is in contact with the tapered surface 22 is formed on the lower peripheral edge of the water-permeable pavement plate 1. Therefore, the receiving frame 2 has no peripheral wall, and when the paving surface forming block 19 is installed on the ground surface, the water-permeable paving plates come into contact with each other. Then, the sealing material 21 is interposed in the contact part of a water-permeable pavement board, and rainwater does not osmose | permeate the road bed which dislikes the increase in a water content ratio.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
Although the present invention has a relatively simple structure as described above, rainwater can be directly induced to a safe formation even when the water content ratio is increased, and the capacity of forest topsoil for water (water retention capacity) The same effect can be demonstrated. The water purification ability of the forest can be demonstrated by using natural crushed stone as a filler to fill the receiving frame. In addition, since activated carbon and mineral-eluting substances are mixed in a filler such as crushed stone , the ability to improve water quality can also be exhibited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view during construction. Cross-sectional view of the embodiment [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permeable pavement board 2 Receiving frame 4 Water collecting part 6 Water pipe 8 Drain cover 9 Round hole 11 Space 12 Crushed stone 19 Block

Claims (2)

A permeable pavement board (1), a receiving frame (2) having a funnel-shaped water collecting part (4) that supports the lower edge of the outer periphery, and an upper end opening projecting above the lower end of the water collecting part (4). Te water pipe connected to the lower end (6), porous pavement plate (1) and receiving frame (2) the de filler natural crushed stones or the like which is filled in the space formed (11) and (12) A block for forming a pavement surface, characterized in that an adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and / or a mineral eluting substance are mixed in the filler (12) . The paving surface forming blocks according to claim 1 are arranged on the entire surface of the paving surface or at a part spaced apart from each other, and the water pipes (6) of these blocks penetrate through the supporting stratum that supports the paving surface. A water-permeable pavement structure characterized in that the lower end or the lower part reaches a deep formation that does not impair the bearing capacity of the pavement surface by increasing the water content ratio.

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