JP3619880B2 - Floating vegetation floor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to water purification. Especially, it is related with the water quality purification apparatus which installs in a lake, a pond, etc., and purifies water quality.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various methods have been proposed for the purification of water quality in lakes and ponds. Broadly speaking, there are those that perform physical filtration, those that hold a carrier in water and purify the water by the action of bacteria carried there, and those that utilize the water purification action of aquatic plants. However, all of these have technical problems and cannot be said to be sufficiently effective in practical use.
[0003]
In other words, physical filtration requires water to be circulated for filtration, and when applied to a place with a large amount of water such as a lake, the equipment cost and power cost of the pump system for circulating water become excessive. Further, since the filter used for filtration is clogged, it needs to be replaced or cleaned regularly, and this cost is also high.
[0004]
The method of purifying water by holding the carrier in water and the action of bacteria carried thereon requires a great deal of labor and equipment costs for installing and fixing the carrier for holding the carrier in water. In addition, when the number of bacteria supported on the carrier increases, a thick layer is formed around the carrier, forming a so-called activated sludge mass, and the inside of the mass becomes anoxic and decays by anaerobic bacteria. On the contrary, the water quality will be deteriorated. This necessitates regular cleaning of the carrier, which is a major problem in terms of labor and disposal of the activated sludge mass.
[0005]
As for utilizing the water purification action of aquatic plants, the use of fast-growing floating grass such as water hyacinth has been tried, but this also requires a great deal of labor to dispose of the grown plants and is discarded. Plants that have to be disposed of by landfill or other waste may cause pollution problems.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the problems of various conventional methods relating to the purification of water quality of lakes, ponds and the like, the present invention does not require excessive facilities and is easy to install and maintain. Water purification device and water purification method suitable for purification of water
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is that the vegetation base material is composed of a plurality of sheets floated on or near the water surface and arranged substantially horizontally at a predetermined interval to insert and support seedlings of plants to be vegetated. And a floating vegetation floor characterized by comprising a float.
[0008]
The sheet is a floating vegetation floor characterized in that it has a latent hole for inserting and supporting plant seedlings, and the sheet is made of woven fabric, and the plant seedlings are inserted so that warps and wefts do not cross each other. It is a floating vegetation floor characterized by having a part of crossing.
[0009]
Further, the gist of the present invention is that the sheet is cylindrical, and the vegetation base is composed of the sheet and a frame that supports the sheet, and the frame is disposed inside the cylindrical sheet. Is a floating vegetation floor characterized in that the sheet is inserted so as to be stretched in a U-shape at both ends, and the sheet is a floating vegetation floor characterized in that it is a bag-woven fabric.
[0010]
Furthermore, the gist of the present invention is a floating vegetation bed in which the frame body includes at least a part of the float.
[0011]
Still further, the gist of the present invention is a floating vegetation floor characterized in that the vegetation base material includes a contact filter medium suspended from the vegetation base material, and the floating vegetation floor comprises: It is a floating vegetation floor characterized by including the bubble generating apparatus with which the said vegetation base material was equipped below or upstream.
[0012]
Further, the gist of the present invention is that a plurality of sheets arranged substantially horizontally with a predetermined interval pass through a plant seedling to support the seedling at a plurality of locations, and the plurality of sheets are A vegetation method characterized in that the plant is vegetated by floating in water near the water surface.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The water purification equipment of the present invention uses the water purification action of the plant by cultivating the plant on the surface of the water, removing nitrogen and phosphorus, which are said to cause eutrophication of lakes, ponds, etc. For this purpose, it is the most suitable water quality purification equipment for cultivating plants on the water surface.
[0014]
The structure of the water purification equipment, that is, the floating vegetation floor of the present invention is shown in FIG. The floating vegetation floor 2 includes a vegetation base 5 comprising a sheet 4 and a fixed frame 6 for fixing the sheet 4 in an extended state, and a floating means for holding the sheet 4 fixed to the fixed frame 6 near the water surface ( (Float) 8. The vegetation base 5 serves as a medium mat for vegetation, and the vegetation base 5 is provided with a carrier carrying bacteria on its lower surface, that is, a contact filter medium 10, and the contact filter medium 10 is attached so as to hang down in layers. It has been. The contact filter medium 10 has a sheet shape.
[0015]
Furthermore, the sheet | seat 4 comprises the vegetation base material 5 in two layers, as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in the AA ′ direction of FIG. 1, and has a configuration in which one or a plurality of sheets 4 are stitched into a cylindrical shape, and the fixing frame 6 is surrounded by the cylindrical sheet 4.
[0016]
The sheet 4 is made of a fiber assembly such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a non-woven fabric. Moreover, the sheet | seat 4 is provided with the hole which inserts a seedling corresponding to the position which plants a plant. Alternatively, there is a latent hole that can be easily opened by pushing with a finger or the like, and the portion of the latent hole has an aggregate structure in which the fibers or threads are loosely bonded. This loosely bonded assembly is composed of a warp, a weave with a weft density of 1.5 to 7 yarns / cm, a knitted fabric with a gauge of 1/2 to 5/32, or a volume density of 0. Obtained by a nonwoven fabric of 0.002 to 0.05 g / cc. Here, the thickness of the nonwoven fabric for measuring the volume density of the nonwoven fabric is measured under a load of 0.5 g / cm ² . If the texture density of the yarn of the knitted fabric is too rough, the yarns are too loosely bonded to hold the seedling. Similarly, even if the volume density of the nonwoven fabric is too small, the bonds between the fibers are too loose to hold the seedling. Moreover, as the sheet | seat 4, what woven the textile fabric by the bag shape by the bag weave may be used.
[0017]
As plants to be vegetated, plants such as watercress, impatches, pothos and mint are used. In FIG. 3, the aspect which planted the seedling 14 of the plant in the vegetation base material 5 is shown. By being inserted into the sheet 4 and penetrating through the two layers of sheets 4, the plant seedlings 14 are supported by the sheets of the respective layers, so that the plant seedlings 14 are stably planted without falling down. The width between the layers is approximately 3 cm. In addition, you may select the width | variety between layers suitably with the kind of plant, and the magnitude | size of a seedling. In addition, bulbous plants such as hyacinth can be planted on the vegetation base 5. In this case, the plant can be planted in such a manner that only the upper sheet is penetrated and the bulb is placed on the lower sheet. Since the latent holes of the lower layer sheet do not have holes unless pierced with a finger or the like, the bulb can be stably placed.
[0018]
In the present invention, the plant seedling 14 can be planted and supported with the root 15 protruding below the bottom surface 17 of the vegetation base 5. As a result, the roots 15 are sufficiently exposed to the water from the beginning of planting, and the nutrients in the water can be sufficiently absorbed from the beginning of planting. In addition, the grown roots act as a contact filter medium to purify water, suppress abnormal growth of bacteria attached to the vegetation base 5 and roots, and abnormal sewage sludge attached to the vegetation base 5 and roots. Prevent corruption.
[0019]
Moreover, when the vegetation base material 5 includes the contact filter medium 10, contact between the root 15 and the contact filter medium 10 can be measured from the beginning of planting. By contacting the contact filter medium and the root, the root grows using the contact filter medium as a scaffold, and promotes the growth of aquatic plants. In addition, the roots grown using the contact filter medium as a scaffold absorb nutrients from the sludge adhering to the contact filter medium, suppress abnormal growth of bacteria attached to the contact filter medium, and prevent abnormal decay of the sludge adhering to the contact filter medium.
[0020]
An embodiment of a sheet suitable for inserting a seedling is shown in FIG. This sheet is made of woven fabric 4s and has a woven structure suitable for planting. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 12 denotes a warp of the fabric 4, and reference numeral 14 denotes a weft. The woven fabric 4 is composed of a crossing portion 16 having a structure such as a normal plain weave and a non-crossing portion 18 where warp and weft are not crossed. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the crossing portion 16 and the non-crossing portion 18 of the fabric 4s. It is suitable for planting seedlings that the size of one section of the uninterrupted portion 18 is 1 to 15 cm on one side. If it is less than 1 cm, it is difficult to insert a seedling. If it exceeds 15 cm, the force to hold the seedlings becomes weak. Further, the size of one section of the non-intersecting portion 18 is most preferably 5 to 10 cm on a side in terms of the balance between ease of inserting a seedling and the ability to hold the seedling.
[0021]
A seedling of a plant to be vegetated is inserted into the uninterrupted portion 18. The uncrossed portion 18 is a latent hole, and when the seedling is inserted, the opening can be easily made by drawing the thread, so that the operation of planting the seedling can be performed efficiently.
[0022]
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a mode in which the plant 14a is planted on the two-layered fabrics 4a and 4b constituting the vegetation base material 5. Plant seedlings 14a are planted through the uncrossed portions 18 of the fabrics 4a and 4b. By penetrating the two layers of the fabrics 4a and 4b, the plant seedling 14a can be stably planted without falling down. In addition, the plant seedling 14a can be planted with the root 15a placed below the fabric 4b. Thereby, it becomes easy for the root 15a to reach the contact filter medium, and the entanglement of the root with the contact filter medium and the absorption of nutrients from the sludge adhering to the contact filter medium can be measured at an early stage.
[0023]
On the lower surface of the vegetation base material 5, a sheet 10 of contact filter media is attached so as to hang down in layers. Activated sludge or suspended mud adheres to the contact filter medium, and the roots of the grown vegetation come into contact with or intertwined with the contact filter medium, so that the vegetation can efficiently absorb nutrients.
[0024]
FIG. 7 shows an aspect in which the floating vegetation floor 2 of the present invention is arranged in water as seen from the cross section of the vegetation base 5. In FIG. 7, the vegetation base material 5 is arranged in a state of being half-floated on the water surface 20 by a floating means (float) 8. The roots of the seedlings 14 planted on the vegetation substrate 5 protrude below the bottom surface 9 of the vegetation material 5. The levitation means (float) 8 is connected to one end of the towline 22, and the other end of the towline 22 is connected to a weight 23 submerged in the bottom of the water to prevent the vegetation base material 5 from moving out. Although the towline may be tied to the weight 23 sunk in the bottom of the water as shown in FIG. 7, it may be tied to a fixed object on land, in water, on the water surface or in the air to prevent the vegetation base material 5 from being released. Moreover, the aspect which hangs the vegetation base material 5 using the towline as a levitation means and stretching in the air may be used.
[0025]
Furthermore, the bubble generator 24 is installed on the bottom of the vegetation base 5 and aeration is performed to promote the action of the contact filter medium 10. When the vegetation base material 5 is installed in a place where there is a flow, the bubble generator 24 is installed not in the bottom of the water just below the vegetation base material 5 but in the upstream of the flow. The aeration is performed by sending compressed air from the compressor installed on the land or the floating body to the bubble generator 24 through the air hose 26. The bubble generator 24 includes a container made of a microporous material. When compressed air is fed into the container, the air goes out of the container through fine pores as fine bubbles. Alternatively, a high-speed water flow may be generated by a water pump, and air may be trapped in this water flow and released in water by an aspirator method. Due to this aeration, the bubbles rise upward from the bottom of the water toward the vegetation base material 5, and the water moves upward from the bottom of the water along with the rising bubbles. In addition, although the electric power of a compressor or a water pump is taken from the lead-in line of land, you may supply electric power from the solar panel using a solar cell. In this case, a power source and a compressor or water pump can be installed in the immediate vicinity of the floating vegetation floor. Also, no lead-in wire is required.
[0026]
As the bubbles generated by the bubble generator 24 rise, an accompanying water flow from the bottom of the water to the vegetation base material 5 and the contact filter medium 10 also occurs, and oxygen and nutrients are constantly supplied to the contact filter medium 10 and adhere to the contact filter medium 10. Increases the activity of bacteria. In addition, aeration diffuses mud and nutrients deposited on the bottom, and changes the state in which the nutrients are easily absorbed by the plant by oxidation. For example, the nitrogen content is changed from the ammonia state to the nitrate state to make it easier for plants to absorb.
[0027]
In the present invention, the plant seedlings 14 are supported at two points, stably planted without falling, and nurtured by the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 in which the seedlings 14 are supported by the sheet 4 in two upper and lower layers. .
[0028]
Further, since the root portion 15 of the plant seedling 14 protrudes below the bottom surface 9 of the vegetation material 5 from the beginning of planting the seedling, growth is promoted by the influence of aeration from the beginning of planting the seedling. . Furthermore, it is easy to extend the roots downward and easily entangle with the contact filter medium 10. Entangling with the contact filter medium 10 further promotes the growth of roots, and absorbs nutrients from activated sludge and mud adhering to the contact filter medium 10 to grow and thereby enrich nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. Absorbs ingredients and purifies water.
[0029]
Since the vegetation plant is held on the vegetation base material 5, the plant grows indefinitely like a water hyacinth and does not suffer from treatment. You can cut leaves and stems when they grow. Moreover, since the roots are entangled with the contact filter medium 10 and absorb nutrients from the activated sludge and mud adhering to the contact filter medium 10, it is possible to prevent the activated sludge from growing too much and causing the inside to become oxygen-free and decay. It is done. Thereby, the period of replacement | exchange of the vegetation base material 5 becomes long, and the operation | work of replacement | exchange with a new article becomes easy.
[0030]
Moreover, when using a woven fabric having a non-interlaced part as the sheet 4 constituting the vegetation base material 5, when a seedling is inserted into the non-interlaced part, it is possible to easily make an opening by drawing a thread. Work can be done efficiently.
[0031]
In order to suspend the contact filter medium 10, it is desirable to provide eyelet holes in the fabric 4. However, by setting the position where the eyelet holes of the fabric 4 are to be provided as a non-interlaced structure, it becomes easier to make eyelets.
[0032]
Filament yarn can be used as the yarn constituting the knitted fabric such as the fabric 4s used in the present invention, but it is desirable to weave using a thick yarn. The spun yarn has fluff and is excellent in friction retention when holding a plant. A combination of various yarns such as filament yarn and spun yarn can also be used. Various yarns can be used as a knit fabric. The material of the sheet or yarn used in the present invention may be any of natural fiber, synthetic fiber, and recycled fiber. A woven fabric made of fibers having a specific gravity smaller than water, such as polypropylene fibers, is preferable because the floating state on the water surface is stable. The use of hollow fibers is also preferred. From the viewpoint of durability, it is desirable to use synthetic fibers such as polyester and acrylic. From the viewpoint of natural degradation and low environmental impact, natural fibers or fibers made of biodegradable materials obtained by synthesis from raw materials produced by living organisms are desirable.
[0033]
The float may be integrated with the fixed frame. That is, the float 8c may be arranged so as to stretch the fabric 4c formed in a tubular shape as shown in FIG. 8, and the float 8c may be integrated with the fixed frame 6c and fixed in the right and left directions in the drawing.
[0034]
The contact filter medium 10 used in the present invention is preferably made of a fiber aggregate sheet. Or the sheet-like thing which consists of resin foams may be sufficient. The sheet of the fiber assembly may be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a composite sheet thereof.
[0035]
Further, the contact filter medium 10 used in the present invention may be a string-like material instead of a sheet-like material. The string-like material may be any of a fiber bundle, a thread-like material, and a tape-like material. Moreover, what connected the block-shaped support | carrier in the shape of a rosary with the string-like thing may be used.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
Since the floating vegetation floor of the present invention is composed of a plurality of sheets, seedlings can be planted efficiently. In particular, seedlings can be planted particularly efficiently when they are made of a woven fabric having uncrossed parts. And since the sheet | seat, such as a fabric, consists of at least 2 layers, a seedling can be planted in the stable state by letting a seedling penetrate also with 2 layers of fabrics. Further, the sheet can be constructed from a woven fabric woven into a tubular shape by bag weaving, and the assembly is simple. Furthermore, the seedlings can penetrate through multiple layers of sheets of fabric, etc., so that stable planting can be achieved, and the root part protrudes below the bottom of the vegetation itself from the beginning of planting so that it directly reaches the contact filter medium. It can be planted on the surface, and it becomes easy for the roots to absorb nutrients from the deposits on the surface of the contact filter medium, which helps the plant grow and promotes water purification.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a main part showing a configuration of a floating vegetation floor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 1, showing a configuration in which a cylindrical sheet surrounds a fixed frame.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which plant seedlings are planted on a vegetation base material.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a tissue structure of a woven fabric that is a main member constituting the floating vegetation floor of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement of a crossing portion and a non-crossing portion of a fabric.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mode in which plant seedlings are planted in a two-layer fabric.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which the floating vegetation floor of the present invention is arranged in water.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a float arranged so as to stretch a woven fabric formed in a cylindrical shape.
[Explanation of symbols]
2; floating vegetation floor 4; sheets 4a, 4b, 4s; woven fabric 5; vegetation base materials 6, 6c; fixed frame 8;
8c; Float 10; Contact filter medium 12; Warp 14; Weft 16; Intersection 18; Non-intersection

Claims (7)

A vegetation base material comprising a plurality of sheets having a latent hole for inserting and supporting seedlings of plants to be vegetated arranged substantially horizontally at a predetermined interval, and the vegetation base material is floated in the water surface or near water. A floating vegetation bed comprising: a floating means, wherein the sheet is made of a woven fabric, and the latent hole is a non-interlaced portion where the warp and the weft of the woven fabric do not intersect . The sheet is cylindrical, and the vegetation base material includes the sheet and a frame supporting the sheet, and the frame stretches the sheet in a U-shape at both ends inside the cylindrical sheet. The floating vegetation floor according to claim 1 , wherein the floating vegetation floor is inserted as described above. The floating vegetation floor according to claim 2 , wherein the plurality of sheets are bag-woven fabrics. The floating vegetation floor according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the floating means is a float, and the frame includes at least a part of the float. The floating vegetation floor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the floating vegetation floor includes a bubble generating device provided below or upstream of the vegetation base material. The floating vegetation floor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the vegetation base material includes a contact filter medium suspended from the vegetation base material. A plant seedling is penetrated through the latent hole of the floating vegetation floor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the seedling is planted in a state where a root of the seedling is projected below a bottom surface of the vegetation base material. A vegetation method characterized by supporting seedlings at a plurality of locations and floating the plurality of sheets in the water surface or in water near the water surface so that the plants are vegetated.

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