JP3619738B2 - Waste plastic oil making equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste plastic oil converting apparatus for converting plastic used in most industrial products such as electric products, household goods, automobiles, PET bottles, etc. into oil and effectively using it as fuel oil.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the ever-increasing garbage disposal measures in recent years, one of the most important issues is the disposal of plastic parts and plastic containers used in most industrial products such as electrical products, household goods, automobiles, and PET bottles. There is.
[0003]
That is, since such waste plastics are difficult to biodegrade with microorganisms such as garbage and wood garbage, most of them are currently incinerated. There are problems such as the generation of a large amount of smoke and harmful gases during incineration and the adverse effect on the incinerator due to the high combustion temperature.
[0004]
For this reason, in recent years, it has been attempted to collect this waste plastic and reuse it as one of the valuable recycling resources. However, when recycling it, for example, it is necessary to collect and separate it according to its components and colors. Since such a cumbersome work is required, there is a disadvantage that it requires a great deal of cost and labor and is not economically profitable.
[0005]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised in order to effectively solve such problems, and its purpose is to effectively dispose of waste plastics that are difficult to dispose and recycle and to use them effectively as recycled oil. The present invention provides a novel waste plastic oil converting apparatus and oil converting method that can be utilized.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a gasification furnace for melting and pyrolyzing waste plastics to gasify, a charging mechanism for charging waste plastics into the gasification furnace in a batch system, and a gasification furnace. An oiling section that cools and condenses the obtained pyrolysis gas to make oil, and the oiling section includes a scrubber that mixes the pyrolysis gas with cooling water in a gas-liquid manner, and a regenerated oil generated by the scrubber. And a sealed water tank for storing cooling water, and a neutralization tower that is provided on the other side of the scrubber at the upper part of the water tank and neutralizes and removes harmful substances in the gas that has passed through the scrubber. And a gas return line for sending a gas that has not been liquefied in the neutralization tower is connected to the gas burner for heating the gasification furnace to the neutralization tower, and the charging mechanism is connected to the gasification furnace. A hopper provided in the upper opening and A slide-type shutter that opens and closes the upper opening and a rail that guides the sliding of the shutter are provided to be inclined toward the upper opening, and the shutter is closed when the upper opening is closed. Is configured to be in close contact with a seal member provided at the upper end of the upper opening .
[0007]
That is, the present invention provides a waste plastic by heating and melting the waste plastic after the waste plastic is put in a batch type from the charging mechanism provided on the upper opening side of the gasification furnace and the gasification furnace is sealed. After pyrolysis and gasification, the pyrolysis gas is cooled and condensed in an oiling section to obtain a combustible decomposition solution. Therefore, it is possible not only to effectively dispose of waste plastics that have been difficult to dispose or recycle, but also to effectively use the decomposed oil, which is the condensate, as recycled oil.
[0008]
In addition, the scrubber that converts the pyrolysis gas into a liquid by gas-liquid mixing the pyrolysis gas, a water tank that stores the regenerated oil and cooling water generated in the scrubber, and the scrubber at the top of the water tank Because it is formed with a neutralization tower that is provided on the other side and neutralizes and removes harmful substances in the gas that has passed through the scrubber, it is possible to effectively separate the specific gravity in the regenerated oil and the water tank, and it cannot be completely liquefied. Even if the gas contains harmful substances such as bromine or chlorine, it is neutralized by scrubbers and neutralization towers. There is no risk of significantly deteriorating the environment. In addition, since the gas return line for sending the gas that could not be liquefied in the neutralization tower is connected to the gas burner that heats the gasification furnace, the neutralized gas can be reused as fuel for the gas burner. .
[0009]
The charging mechanism further includes a hopper provided in the upper opening of the gasification furnace, a sliding shutter that opens and closes the upper opening, and a rail that guides the sliding of the shutter. The gasification furnace is configured to be inclined toward the opening, and is configured to be in close contact with the sealing member provided at the upper end of the upper opening when the upper opening is closed. The waste plastic can be instantaneously charged into the gasifier, and the gasification furnace can be hermetically sealed, so that the outflow of gas from the gasification furnace can be prevented.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0011]
1 and 2 show an embodiment of a waste plastic oil converting apparatus according to the present invention.
[0012]
As shown in the figure, this waste plastic oil converting apparatus is equipped with a charging mechanism 2 for batch feeding waste plastic into the gasification furnace 1 side, and heating the waste plastic charged from the charging mechanism 2 to A gasification furnace 1 for pyrolyzing and gasifying, an oilification section 3 for cooling and condensing the pyrolysis gas generated in the gasification furnace 1 to liquefy (liquefy), and the oilification section 3 and the recovery tank 4 for storing the decomposition liquid (condensate) N obtained in 3.
[0013]
The gasification furnace 1 is provided with a charging mechanism 2 for charging waste plastics in a batch manner at an upper opening of a heat-resistant tank body 6 and a heating jacket 7 on the bottom and periphery thereof. The waste plastic that has been charged is heated and melted by the heating jacket 7, and the melt L is heated to the boiling point or higher to be gasified (vaporized), and the gas line G is discharged from the gas outlet 8 at the upper side of the tank body 6. It is supposed to flow through.
[0014]
This heating jacket 7 is for heating the entire tank body 6 uniformly by flowing the high-temperature combustion gas supplied from the gas burner 9 around the tank body 6, and the heated combustion gas is discharged from the exhaust gas line G1. Exhaust into the atmosphere. The exhaust gas line G1 is provided with an exhaust gas treatment means 10 for cleaning the combustion gas and releasing it into the atmosphere.
[0015]
The charging mechanism 2 provided in the gasification furnace 1 includes a hopper 11 provided on the upper opening of the gasification furnace 1 and a sliding shutter 12 for opening and closing the upper opening. It is mainly configured, and after the waste plastic thrown into the hopper 11 side is placed on the shutter 12, the waste plastic above can be thrown into the gasifier 1 at a stroke by sliding the shutter 12. It has become. It is also possible to directly input waste plastic that has been conveyed by a crane or the like.
[0016]
That is, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, rails 14, 14, 14, 14 for engaging the guides 13, 13, 13, 13 of the shutter 12 are provided on both sides of the shutter 12. As the shutter 12 slides along the rails 14, 14, 14, 14, the upper opening of the gasification furnace 1 is opened and closed instantaneously. Further, a rack 15 extending in the length direction is formed on the side surface of the shutter 12, and sliding control of the shutter 12, that is, gasification is performed by driving a pinion 16 engaged with the rack 15 by a motor 17. Opening and closing control of the upper opening of the furnace 1 is arbitrarily performed.
[0017]
Further, as shown in the figure, the rails 14, 14, 14, 14 have their tips inclined obliquely downward toward the upper opening, and at the moment when the shutter 12 is closed, the guides 13, 13, 13, 13 is pushed down and the entire shutter 12 is brought into close contact with a seal member 18 provided at the upper end of the upper opening, whereby the upper opening of the gasification furnace 1 is sealed.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the oil converting unit 3 includes a jet scrubber 21 and a neutralization tower 5 in a sealed water tank 20, an oil drain line L 1, a circulation line L 2, a drain line L 3, and water supply Cooling gas that is connected to the line L4 and introduces the pyrolysis gas sent from the gas line G into the water tank 20 from the jet scrubber 21 and includes a neutralizing agent supplied from the circulation line L2 at the time of introduction. While this is neutralized with water, it is cooled, condensed and liquefied, and the regenerated liquefied oil flows into the recovery tank 4 from the drain oil line L1. That is, this circulation line L2 connects the bottom of the water tank 20 and the jet scrubber 21 and includes the solid-liquid separation means 22 and the circulation pump 23 between them, and the cooling water already stored in the water tank 20. A part of the gas is extracted by a circulation pump 23, and after solid-liquid separation, the gas is supplied to the jet scrubber 21 side and used as a refrigerant for cooling and condensing gas while performing neutralization. Further, an overflow weir 24 is provided in the water tank 20 so that the regenerated oil condensed and liquefied in the water tank 20 overflows and flows to the oil discharge line L1 side. The cooling water in the water tank 20 is supplied from a water supply line L4 connected to the neutralization tower 5 side described below, and drained by the amount sequentially supplied from a drain line L3 provided on the water tank 20 side. It has come to be.
[0019]
The neutralization tower 5 is provided with a demister 26 and spray nozzles 27 and 28 in upper and lower multistages in a vertical tower body 25 whose lower end communicates with the gas phase side of the water tank 20, and on the scrubber 21 side. The cooling water mixed with the neutralizing agent in the neutralizing agent tank 29 is sprayed from the lower spray nozzle 28 to the gas that has not been liquefied to neutralize and remove harmful substances in the gas. ing. A gas return line G2 is connected to the neutralization tower 5, and the pyrolysis gas that could not be liquefied in the neutralization tower 5 is sent to the gas burner 9 side and reused as fuel for the gas burner 9. It can be done. A neutralizer supply pump 30 is provided in the neutralizer line L5 connecting the circulation line L2 and the neutralizer tank 29. The neutralizer in the neutralizer tank 29 is supplied to the circulation line L2. It is designed to flow to the side. Also, the spray nozzle 27 with intermittently replenished coolant within Yuka portion 3, adapted to be mounted on the demister 26 also serves as the clogging prevention of the demister 26.
[0020]
Further, a solid-liquid separation means 31 is also provided on the oil discharge line L1 side in the same manner as the circulation line L2, so that a solid content (powder) is separated from the regenerated oil flowing through this to obtain a normal regenerated oil. It has become.
[0021]
Next, an example of a waste plastic oil converting method using the waste plastic oil converting apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration will be described.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1, first, the shutter 12 of the charging mechanism 2 is opened, a small amount of water is poured into the tank body 6 from the upper opening thereof, and then the shutter 12 is closed and the tank body 6 is opened. After the sealed state, a high-temperature combustion gas is flowed from the gas burner 9 into the jacket 7 to uniformly heat the inside from the bottom and the surroundings. Then, the water first evaporates by this heating, and this becomes steam and flows out from the gas outlet 8 to the gas line G, then passes through the oiling section 3 and flows toward the oil draining line L1, thereby gasifying. The inside of the furnace 1 as well as the inside of the gas line G, the oilification unit 3 and the oil discharge line L1 are filled with steam, and most of the air accumulated in the inside is exhausted outside the system.
[0023]
Next, when all of the initially charged water is evaporated and the temperature in the tank body 6 is further increased, the charged waste plastic is melted and liquefied to become a molten liquid L, and a part of the plastic is eventually thermally decomposed. After gasifying and flowing out from the gas outlet 8 to the gas line G, it reaches the jet scrubber 21 side of the oilification unit 3. The high-temperature pyrolysis gas that has reached the jet scrubber 21 side is rapidly cooled and condensed and liquefied by being brought into gas-liquid contact with the cooling water blown out from the circulation line L2, and then cooled into the decomposition liquid N. It will be stored in the water tank 20 together with water.
[0024]
The decomposition liquid N and cooling water obtained here fall to the bottom of the water tank 20 and are stored, and then, after a predetermined time has passed, specific gravity separation is performed to separate the decomposition liquid N near the liquid surface and moisture at the bottom. After that, after the decomposition liquid N and the powder overflow the overflow weir 24 and flow out to the oil discharge line L1, the gas-liquid separation means 31 separates the liquid and the powder into solids and liquids. As a result, recycled oil N is recovered in the recovery tank 4.
[0025]
And most of this recycled oil N is a flammable liquid mainly composed of styrene monomer, low molecular polyethylene, etc., so it can be used effectively as fuel oil for boilers or mixed with kerosene etc. Of course, it can be reused as a raw material for new plastics.
[0026]
On the other hand, a part of the water phase-separated at the bottom of the water tank 20 is extracted by the circulation pump 23 of the circulation line L2, supplied again to the jet scrubber 21 side, and reused as cooling water, while the rest is drainage line. At this time, if a component such as phthalic acid is contained in the pyrolysis gas, it is immediately solidified without being liquefied and collected at the bottom of the water tank 20. , It will be extracted with the cooling water. At this time, since the gas-liquid separation means 22 is provided in the circulation line L2 as described above, the solid matter extracted together with the cooling water is separated by the gas-liquid separation means 22, so that the inside of the water tank 20 There will be no stagnation. In particular, when the plastic to be processed contains PET bottles (polyethylene terephthalate) or the like, the amount of solids generated will increase dramatically, and the volume of the water tank 20 will decrease. As described above, the solid matter is separated by the solid-liquid separation means 22 and 31 as described above when the water in the water tank 20 is extracted or when it overflows with the condensate and flows into the regeneration tank 4. There is no such fear because it is collected.
[0027]
On the other hand, among the pyrolysis gases that flowed into the water tank 20, pyrolysis gases that could not be liquefied and harmful components such as chlorine and bromine that did not liquefy even by cooling flowed into the water tank 20 as they were. After that, it reaches the spray tower 5 side, where it is cooled and condensed again with the newly supplied cooling water and neutralized by the neutralizing agent supplied from the neutralizing agent line L5. The gas flows to the gas recovery line G2 side and is effectively used without waste as fuel gas or the like of the gas burner 9.
[0028]
Thus, according to the present invention, waste plastic is heated and melted, pyrolyzed and gasified, and then liquefied and recovered as combustible reclaimed oil. Waste plastic can be used effectively. As a result, it is possible to prevent environmental deterioration due to harmful gases generated during incineration, and at the same time, achieve effective utilization of limited resources. Further, the cost is lower than the conventional method of recycling waste plastic as it is, and it is possible to reuse it as a new plastic raw material as well as fuel oil.
[0029]
In the present invention, most plastics can be oiled regardless of their materials and components as long as they are melted and gasified by heating. That is, in the case of a thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer such as styrene or ethylene, no harmful gas is generated by simply melting and gasifying, but for example, a building material, an automobile interior material, etc. Some of the special plastics used in the products contain flame retardants such as bromine and chlorine such as vinyl chloride in order to impart flame retardancy. When waste plastic containing harmful components is heated and melted, bromine, chlorine, etc. volatilize and generate as harmful gases such as hydrogen chloride, which may leak into the atmosphere without being condensed. is there. Therefore, as described above, in the present invention, the neutralization tower 5 is integrally provided in the oilification section 3, and the pyrolysis gas containing these harmful gases is used in the neutralization tower 5, for example, slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ). Since this harmful component is rendered harmless, it is possible to avoid inconveniences such as deterioration of the surrounding environment.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, a certain amount of waste plastic is put into the gasification furnace 1 before the start of treatment, and when all the thermal decomposition and gasification are finished, the waste plastic is again put in and treated again. Since it is a batch system, the opening / closing operation of the shutter 12 must be repeated every time it is processed. However, as described above, since the shutter 12 of the present invention is controlled by the motor 17 to be opened and closed instantaneously, Since the time is very short, the amount of gas leakage at the time of charging can be extremely reduced.
[0031]
In the case of mixed waste plastics, there is a large difference in boiling point and the like. However, since the present invention can arbitrarily set the temperature of the gasification furnace 1 on a batch type, the temperature should be set according to the waste plastic with the highest boiling point. For example, even mixed waste plastic can be easily treated.
[0032]
In the present embodiment, an example in which the gas burner 9 is used as a heat source in the gasification furnace 1 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 1, temperature control can be performed instead of or together with the gas burner 9. An easy electric heater may be used. Further, a Benjuri scrubber may be used in place of the jet scrubber 21.
[0033]
In addition, when the waste plastic to be treated according to the present invention is a large one, it is pulverized into fine pieces in advance. If a mechanism is provided so that the pulverization / subdivision mechanism automatically pulverizes / subdivides and puts into the hopper 11 side, the processing efficiency can be further improved.
[0034]
Further, when waste plastic with a high content of harmful substances is targeted, a dry neutralization tank may be added in the middle of the gas line G in order to increase the neutralization ability.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, waste plastic can be heated and melted to reduce its volume, pyrolyzed and gasified, and then condensed and recovered economically as recycled oil or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively use waste plastics, which has been mostly incinerated as it is, so that effective use of resources can be achieved, and deterioration of the surrounding environment due to incineration can be prevented. Can do. Furthermore, even if harmful plastics such as chlorine and bromine are contained in the waste plastics, they can be neutralized and made harmless effectively, so that most thermoplastics can be oiled efficiently, etc. An excellent effect can be exhibited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a waste plastic oil converting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a shutter of a closing mechanism according to the present invention is closed.
(B) is sectional drawing which shows the state which opened the shutter of the injection | throwing-in mechanism based on this invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace 2 Input mechanism 3 Oilification part 4 Recovery tank 5 Neutralization tower 11 Hopper 12 Shutter G Gas line L Molten liquid N Decomposition liquid (recycled oil)

Claims (2)

A gasification furnace that melts and pyrolyzes waste plastic to gasify it, a charging mechanism that batches waste plastic into this gasification furnace, and cools and condenses the pyrolysis gas obtained in this gasification furnace An oiling unit that converts the pyrolysis gas into cooling water and gas-liquid mixture, and a sealed water tank that stores the regenerated oil and cooling water generated in the scrubber, The scrubber is provided on the other side of the water tank, and is provided with a neutralization tower that neutralizes and removes harmful substances in the gas that has passed through the scrubber. A gas return line for sending gas that has not been liquefied in the neutralization tower is connected to a gas burner that heats the gasifier, and the charging mechanism includes a hopper provided in an upper opening of the gasifier, Slide to open and close the upper opening And a rail that guides the slide of the shutter, and the rail is provided to be inclined toward the upper opening, and the shutter is provided at the upper end of the upper opening when the upper opening is closed. A waste plastic oil converting apparatus configured to be tightly sealed to a sealing member . The neutralization tower includes a spray nozzle for spraying a gas which has not been liquefied by the scrubber into the vertical tower body and a part of the cooling water stored in the water tank mixed with a neutralizing agent. The waste according to claim 1, further comprising: a demister provided at an upper portion of the spray nozzle; and a spray nozzle provided at an upper portion of the demister for supplying cooling water to the demister to prevent clogging of the demister. Plastic oil making equipment.

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