JP3602588B2 - Concrete waste treatment method - Google Patents

Concrete waste treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3602588B2
JP3602588B2 JP33673894A JP33673894A JP3602588B2 JP 3602588 B2 JP3602588 B2 JP 3602588B2 JP 33673894 A JP33673894 A JP 33673894A JP 33673894 A JP33673894 A JP 33673894A JP 3602588 B2 JP3602588 B2 JP 3602588B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
concrete
aggregate
cement
concrete waste
crushed
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JP33673894A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH08175856A (en
Inventor
悟 藤井
勝史 小野
保美 松永
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • C04B18/167Recycled materials, i.e. waste materials reused in the production of the same materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、コンクリート廃材からコンクリート骨材及び/又はセメント用原料を分離、回収する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、コンクリート建造物の解体に伴い、コンクリート廃材が大量に発生し、その処理が問題となっている。その一部分は、埋め立て用や路盤舗装用の材料として利用されているが、大部分は自然界に廃棄、放置されたままとなっており環境問題を引き起こしている。
また省資源の観点から、コンクリート廃材からコンクリート骨材及び/又はセメント用原料を分離、回収して新たなコンクリート原料として再利用することが行われている。コンクリート廃材のリサイクル方法については、機械的破砕を行い、大径の骨材部分と微粉のモルタル部分とに篩分けし、それぞれコンクリート骨材及びセメント用原料として回収する方法が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の処理方法のように単に物理的に破砕して篩分けする方法では、回収骨材の表面にセメント水和物が残存しており、新骨材に比べて比重が小さく、吸水率が大きく、またすりへりが大きなものとなる。同時に、セメント原料の回収量も低下する。
このように、従来の処理方法により回収された骨材では、コンクリート用骨材としては耐久性に欠けるため、その使用範囲もコンクリート品質を低下させない使用量にとどめるとか、特に高強度を要求されない構造物に使用する等、その用途が極めて限定されている。従って、コンクリート廃材のリサイクル品の大部分は、再生クラッシャーランや粒調砕石代替品等いわゆる低処理品として利用されている現状にある。
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、コンクリート廃材から新骨材と同等の特性を備える骨材並びにセメント成分を有効に回収することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るコンクリート廃材の処理方法は、コンクリート廃材を粗砕したコンクリート塊を、450〜600℃の温度範囲で仮焼処理した後、粉砕、篩分けして骨材部分と粒度0.15mm以下のモルタル部分とに分離し、コンクリート骨材及びセメント原料として回収することを特徴とする。
【0005】
【作用】
従来技術の問題点は、骨材部分とセメント水和物部分とが有効に分離できないことに起因する。即ち、機械的破砕によってダウンサイジングは可能であるが、その破砕物は(同一粒径群においても)、骨材とセメント水和物の混合物であり、両者が分離できていない。そして、このような骨材とセメント水和物の混在により、骨材としての特性(比重、吸水率、すりへり)低下が起こり、骨材としての使用を限定したものにしている。
本発明に係るコンクリート廃材の処理方法によれば、コンクリート廃材を粗砕した塊を450〜600℃の温度範囲で仮焼することにより、コンクリート塊に熱的歪を与えてその強度を低下させ、骨材とセメント間の付着力を小さくして破砕され易い状態にした上で、これを機械的に解砕する。その結果、解砕後の骨材表面に残存するセメント水和物の量が従来に比べて大幅に減少して新骨材と同等の特性を備えた骨材が得られるとともに、セメント成分も有効に回収できる。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
図1は、本発明に係るコンクリート廃材の処理方法を示す工程図である。
コンクリート廃材は、先ず解砕機により適当な径の塊に粗砕される。この粗砕によるコンクリート塊の大きさは特に限定されるものではないが、後述される仮焼処理の効率を考慮すると小径であることが好ましい。
【0007】
次いで、このコンクリート塊は仮焼炉に投入され、所定温度で所定時間仮焼処理される。コンクリートは加熱されると、一般にその加熱温度に比例して脆弱になる。その原因としては、コンクリート中に含まれるセメントペーストの水和物が約300℃で脱水を起こし、また約500℃付近で消石灰が熱分解を起こすことが知られており、水和物の脱水や消石灰が生石灰に変換する際の体積減少により空隙が発生し、その結果コンクリート中の細孔が拡大したり、クラックが発生してセメント成分と骨材との付着力が低下するものと考えられる。
従って、300℃以下では長時間加熱しないと十分に脱水しないばかりか、完全脱水しても空隙が少なく、セメントペーストと骨材とを容易に分離可能とする程の付着力の低下を実現できない。一方700℃以上の高温での加熱では、コンクリートは脆弱になりペースト部、細及び粗骨材の分離は容易となるものの、骨材として砂岩や花崗岩系骨材が使用されている場合、これらが熱劣化を起こすため好ましくない。特に最近では、粗骨材として石灰石の使用が多くなっており、700℃以上の高温では熱分解破壊を起こす。
【0008】
図2は、コンクリート供試体(直径100mm、高さ200mmの円筒体)を仮焼温度を変えて2時間仮焼した場合の圧縮強度比を示すグラフであるが、同図から明らかなように、仮焼温度が高くなるのに伴い圧縮強度比が逓減しており、仮焼の効果が確認された。
また図3は、同一仮焼条件における供試体のすりへり試験による減量を示すグラフであるが、仮焼温度が高くなるのに伴いすりへり減量も増大しているのが判る。
【0009】
このように、仮焼温度はコンクリート原料の種類に関わらず450〜600℃の範囲とする。
また、仮焼時間は特に限定されるものでなく、粗砕コンクリート塊の大きさや処理量等により適宜設定される。
【0010】
仮焼後、コンクリート塊は再び解砕機により破砕され、所定粒径群に篩分けされ、粒径に応じて骨材およびセメント原料としてそれぞれ回収される。この篩分けにより、粒度0.15mm以下の成分をセメント原料として、また粒度0.6mm以上の成分を骨材として回収する。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に明確にすることができる。
〔実施例1〕
骨材として川砂及び川砂利を用いた打設後約40年経過した建設物のコンクリート廃材を解砕機により粗砕し、550℃で仮焼処理した後、その廃材塊300kgを内径1000mm×長さ1500mmの空ミルに投入して回転数30rpmで30分間回転した。回転後、コンクリート廃材を排出して各粒群に篩分け、粒群中のCaO量を測定した。
測定結果を表1に示す。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003602588
【0013】
表1から、粒度0.6mm以上の大径粒群は骨材成分となるが、CaO含有割合が極めて少ないことから、セメント水和物が表面に殆ど残存せず、骨材部分とモルタル部分とが極めて良好に分離されていることがわかる。また、骨材試験に供したところ、回収骨材はコンクリート用材料として十分使用可能であることが確認された。
また、粒度0.6mm以下の粒群はモルタル成分であるが、特に粒度0.15mm以下の粒群はCaO含有割合が高く、セメント原料として充分に再利用可能である。
【0014】
〔実施例2〕
材令約20年の砕石コンクリート廃材を解砕機により粗砕し、600℃で仮焼処理した後、その廃材塊350kgと30mmφの鉄ボール50個とを内径1000mm×長さ1500mmの空ミルに投入して回転数30rpmで10分間回転した。回転後、コンクリート廃材を排出して各粒群に篩分け、粒群中のCaO量を測定した。
測定結果を表2に示す。
【0015】
【表2】
Figure 0003602588
【0016】
実施例1と同様、表2から骨材部分とモルタル部分とが極めて良好に分離されていることがわかる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係るコンクリート廃材の処理方法によれば、コンクリート廃材を粗砕した塊を仮焼することにより、コンクリート塊に熱的歪を与えてその強度を低下させ、骨材とセメント間の付着力を小さくして破砕され易い状態にした上で、これを機械的解砕する結果、解砕後の骨材表面に残存するセメント水和物の量が従来に比べて大幅に減少して新骨材と同等の特性を備えた骨材が得られるとともに、セメント成分も有効に回収できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るコンクリート廃材の処理方法を示す工程図である。
【図2】コンクリート試供体の仮焼温度に対する圧縮強度比を測定したグラフである。
【図3】コンクリート試供体の仮焼温度に対するすりへり減量を測定したグラフである。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for separating and recovering concrete aggregate and / or raw material for cement from waste concrete material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the dismantling of a concrete building, a large amount of concrete waste has been generated, and its disposal has become a problem. A part of it is used as a material for landfill and pavement, but most of it is disposed of in the natural world and left untreated, causing environmental problems.
In addition, from the viewpoint of resource saving, concrete aggregates and / or raw materials for cement are separated and collected from waste concrete materials and reused as new concrete raw materials. Regarding the recycling method of concrete waste material, a method has been proposed in which mechanical crushing is performed, and a large-diameter aggregate portion and a mortar portion of fine powder are sieved and recovered as a concrete aggregate and a raw material for cement, respectively.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method of simply physically crushing and sieving as in the conventional treatment method, cement hydrate remains on the surface of the recovered aggregate, the specific gravity is smaller than that of the new aggregate, and the water absorption rate is low. And the abrasion becomes large. At the same time, the amount of recovered cement raw material also decreases.
As described above, the aggregate recovered by the conventional processing method lacks durability as a concrete aggregate, so that the use range of the aggregate is limited to a usage amount that does not degrade the concrete quality, or a structure that does not particularly require high strength is used. Its use is extremely limited, for example, for use in products. Therefore, most of recycled concrete waste products are currently used as so-called low-treatment products such as recycled crusher runs and granulated stone substitutes.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to effectively collect aggregate and cement components having the same properties as new aggregate from waste concrete.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for treating concrete waste material according to the present invention includes a method of treating a concrete mass obtained by roughly crushing concrete waste material in a temperature range of 450 to 600 ° C, followed by grinding and sieving. separated into a wood part and particle size 0.15mm the following mortar portion, and recovering as a concrete aggregate及beauty cement raw material.
[0005]
[Action]
The problem with the prior art is that the aggregate portion and the cement hydrate portion cannot be effectively separated. That is, although downsizing is possible by mechanical crushing, the crushed product (even in the same particle size group) is a mixture of aggregate and cement hydrate, and the two cannot be separated. And, by such a mixture of the aggregate and the cement hydrate, the characteristics (specific gravity, water absorption, and abrasion) of the aggregate are reduced, and the use as the aggregate is limited.
According to the method for treating concrete waste according to the present invention, by calcining a lump obtained by coarsely crushing the concrete waste in a temperature range of 450 to 600 ° C., a thermal strain is given to the concrete lump to reduce its strength. Then, the adhesive force between the aggregate and the cement is reduced so that the aggregate is easily crushed, and this is mechanically crushed. As a result, the amount of cement hydrate remaining on the aggregate surface after crushing is greatly reduced compared to the conventional one, and an aggregate with the same properties as the new aggregate can be obtained, and the cement component is also effective Can be recovered.
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a method for treating concrete waste material according to the present invention.
Concrete waste is first crushed by a crusher into a lump having an appropriate diameter. Although the size of the concrete lump by this crushing is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the diameter is small in consideration of the efficiency of the calcination treatment described later.
[0007]
Next, the concrete mass is put into a calciner and calcined at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. When heated, concrete generally becomes brittle in proportion to its heating temperature. It is known that the hydrate of cement paste contained in concrete causes dehydration at about 300 ° C., and slaked lime causes thermal decomposition at about 500 ° C. as a cause. It is considered that voids are generated due to a decrease in volume when slaked lime is converted into quicklime, and as a result, pores in the concrete are expanded or cracks are generated, and the adhesive force between the cement component and the aggregate is considered to be reduced.
Therefore, if the temperature is not higher than 300 ° C., not only dehydration is not sufficiently performed unless heating is performed for a long time, but also voids are small even after complete dehydration, and a decrease in adhesive force enough to easily separate the cement paste and the aggregate cannot be realized. On the other hand, when heated at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or more, the concrete becomes brittle and the paste portion, fine and coarse aggregates can be easily separated, but when sandstone or granite aggregate is used as the aggregate, these are It is not preferable because it causes thermal deterioration. Particularly in recent years, limestone has been increasingly used as a coarse aggregate, and pyrolysis destruction occurs at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or higher.
[0008]
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the compressive strength ratio when a concrete specimen (a cylindrical body having a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm) was calcined for 2 hours while changing the calcining temperature. As is clear from FIG. As the calcining temperature increased, the compression strength ratio gradually decreased, confirming the effect of calcining.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the weight loss of the test specimens under the same calcining condition by the grinding test. It can be seen that the grinding loss is increased as the calcination temperature is increased.
[0009]
Thus, calcining temperature shall be the range of 4 50 to 600 ° C. Regardless of the type of concrete material.
In addition, the calcining time is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the size of the coarsely crushed concrete block, the throughput, and the like.
[0010]
After calcining, the concrete mass is crushed again by the crusher, sieved into a predetermined particle size group, and recovered as aggregate and cement raw material according to the particle size. This sieving, the following ingredients particle size 0.15mm as cement raw materials, also recovering the particle size 0.6mm or more components as an aggregate.
[0011]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention can be further clarified by examples.
[Example 1]
About 40 years after the construction using river sand and river gravel as aggregate, the concrete waste material of the construction was roughly crushed by a crusher and calcined at 550 ° C. It was charged into a 1500 mm empty mill and rotated at a rotation speed of 30 rpm for 30 minutes. After the rotation, the concrete waste was discharged and sieved into each particle group, and the CaO content in the particle group was measured.
Table 1 shows the measurement results.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003602588
[0013]
From Table 1, large-diameter particles having a particle size of 0.6 mm or more are aggregate components, but since the CaO content is extremely low, cement hydrate hardly remains on the surface, and the aggregate portion and the mortar portion It can be seen that is very well separated. In addition, when subjected to an aggregate test, it was confirmed that the recovered aggregate was sufficiently usable as a material for concrete.
In addition, particles having a particle size of 0.6 mm or less are mortar components. Particularly, particles having a particle size of 0.15 mm or less have a high CaO content and can be sufficiently reused as a cement raw material.
[0014]
[Example 2]
Crushed concrete waste material of about 20 years old is roughly crushed by a crusher, calcined at 600 ° C, and then 350 kg of the waste material mass and 50 iron balls of 30 mmφ are put into an empty mill with an inner diameter of 1000 mm × length of 1500 mm. And rotated at 30 rpm for 10 minutes. After the rotation, the concrete waste material was discharged and sieved into each particle group, and the amount of CaO in the particle group was measured.
Table 2 shows the measurement results.
[0015]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003602588
[0016]
As in Example 1, it can be seen from Table 2 that the aggregate portion and the mortar portion were very well separated.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for treating concrete waste material according to the present invention, by calcining a lump obtained by roughly crushing the concrete waste material, thermal strain is given to the concrete lump to reduce its strength, and the aggregate is reduced. After reducing the adhesive force between the cement and the cement to make it easier to crush, the amount of cement hydrate remaining on the aggregate surface after crushing is larger than in the past as a result of mechanical crushing. As a result, an aggregate having the same characteristics as the new aggregate can be obtained, and the cement component can be effectively recovered.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a method for treating concrete waste material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a measurement of a compressive strength ratio with respect to a calcining temperature of a concrete specimen.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a reduction in abrasion loss with respect to a calcining temperature of a concrete sample.

Claims (1)

コンクリート廃材を粗砕したコンクリート塊を、450〜600℃の温度範囲で仮焼処理した後、粉砕、篩分けして骨材部分と粒度0.15mm以下のモルタル部分とに分離し、コンクリート骨材及びセメント原料として回収することを特徴とするコンクリート廃材の処理方法。The concrete mass obtained by coarsely crushing the waste concrete material is calcined in a temperature range of 450 to 600 ° C., and then crushed and sieved to separate the aggregate portion and the mortar portion having a particle size of 0.15 mm or less. processing method of concrete waste material and recovering as及beauty cement raw material.
JP33673894A 1994-12-26 1994-12-26 Concrete waste treatment method Expired - Fee Related JP3602588B2 (en)

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JP2010285302A (en) * 2009-06-09 2010-12-24 Tokyo Institute Of Technology Hydraulic cement composition
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