JP6153962B2 - Disposal of tombstones - Google Patents
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- JP6153962B2 JP6153962B2 JP2015081649A JP2015081649A JP6153962B2 JP 6153962 B2 JP6153962 B2 JP 6153962B2 JP 2015081649 A JP2015081649 A JP 2015081649A JP 2015081649 A JP2015081649 A JP 2015081649A JP 6153962 B2 JP6153962 B2 JP 6153962B2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、使用されなくなった墓石（以下、「廃墓石」という。）の処理方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for treating a tombstone that is no longer used (hereinafter referred to as “waste tombstone”).
近年、我が国では、少子化や核家族化が進むことに伴って、「墓守の後継ぎがいない」等の理由で、廃墓石の数が急増している。
さらに、これに加えて、墓石の老朽化から墓石の更新も行われ、古い墓石が廃墓石として発生している。
In recent years, the number of abandoned tombstones has been increasing rapidly in Japan due to reasons such as “there is no successor to the tomb guard” with the declining birthrate and the nuclear family.
In addition, gravestones have been renewed due to aging of gravestones, and old gravestones have been generated as abandoned gravestones.
このようにして発生した廃墓石は、信仰上の理由や処理の困難さ等から、石材として再利用されることなく、墓所の一隅に山積みされたり、寺の境内に野積みされているのが現状で、墓所や寺の境内の有効スペースを圧縮するという問題がある。
また、廃墓石に関しては、日本各地で不法投棄が相次ぎ、社会問題化している。
The waste tombstones generated in this way are piled up in the corner of the graveyard or piled up in the temple grounds without being reused as stone materials due to religious reasons or difficulty in processing. At present, there is a problem of compressing the effective space within the graves and temples.
Also, with regard to abandoned tombstones, illegal dumping has continued in various parts of Japan and has become a social problem.
これらの問題に対処するため、宗教上の儀式である御魂抜きの法要が行われた廃墓石を、破砕機により破砕することで破砕石を得る破砕工程と、前記破砕石を、突起や角が取れた玉石にする玉石化工程とからなる廃墓石の処理方法が提案されている（特許文献１参照。）。 In order to deal with these problems, a crushing process for obtaining a crushed stone by crushing a waste tombstone, which is a religious ritual without soul, with a crusher, There has been proposed a method for treating a waste tombstone comprising a cobblestone conversion step for removing a cobblestone (see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、廃墓石を破砕機により直接破砕する上記廃墓石の処理方法は、墓石が御影石（花崗岩）等の硬質の石材からなるため、廃墓石を破砕機により破砕し、特に、細粒化された破砕物を得るには、破砕機によって廃墓石を繰り返し何度も破砕しなければならず、手数とコストを要するという問題があった。
また、破砕機によって廃墓石に対し、物理的に力を加えて破砕を試みても、破砕物の大きさはある程度大きなものとなり、細粒化された破砕物を得ることができないという問題があった。
However, the above-mentioned waste tombstone processing method, which directly crushes waste tombstones, is made of hard stone material such as granite, so the waste tombstones were crushed by the crusher, especially finely divided In order to obtain the crushed material, the waste tombstone must be repeatedly crushed many times by a crusher, and there is a problem that labor and cost are required.
In addition, there is a problem that even if a crusher attempts to crush the tombstone by applying physical force, the size of the crushed material becomes large to some extent, and it is not possible to obtain a finely divided crushed material. It was.
本発明は、上記従来の廃墓石の処理方法の有する問題点に鑑み、廃墓石の処理に要する手数とコストを低減することができる廃墓石の処理方法を提供することを第１の目的とする。 The present invention has as its first object to provide a waste tombstone processing method capable of reducing the labor and cost required for the processing of the waste tombstone, in view of the problems of the conventional waste tombstone treatment method. .
また、本発明は、廃墓石を丁重に供養して「墓じまい」（墓の処分）をすることができる廃墓石の処理方法を提供することを第２の目的とする。 In addition, a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for disposing of a tombstone that can be used for “tombstone” (tombstone disposal) by politely providing the tombstone.
上記第１の目的を達成するため、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法は、廃墓石を、加熱炉で加熱することにより破砕しやすくする易破砕化工程と、該易破砕化した廃墓石を、破砕機により粉砕することにより細粒化された破砕物を得る破砕工程と、該細粒化された破砕物を原材料に用いて、加熱炉で焼成することにより容器及び／又は蓋を作成する焼成工程とからなることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the first object, the waste tombstone processing method of the present invention includes an easy crushing step for easily crushing the waste tombstone by heating in a heating furnace, and the easily crushed waste tombstone. A crushing step for obtaining a crushed material finely divided by crushing with a crusher, and a baking for producing a container and / or a lid by baking the finely divided crushed material as a raw material in a heating furnace. It consists of a process .
また、上記第２の目的を達成するため、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法は、宗教上の儀式である御魂抜きの法要等を経た墓石であるか否かを確認する確認工程を経て、宗教上の儀式である御魂抜きの法要等を経た墓石のみを対象とすることを特徴とする。 In addition, in order to achieve the second object, the waste tombstone processing method of the present invention undergoes a confirmation step for confirming whether or not it is a tombstone that has passed the essence without the soul, which is a religious ritual, It is characterized only by tombstones that have undergone a religious ritual without the soul.
さらに、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法は、以下のとおりのものである。
前記焼成工程により、例えば、前記容器を覆う蓋を作成することができる。
これらの容器及び／又は蓋には、刻銘等の表示を行うことができる。
そして、前記容器に、廃墓石の破砕物の一部を収容して保管することができる。
Furthermore, the processing method of the abandoned tombstone of the present invention is as follows.
By the Firing step, for example, it may construct a lid covering the container.
An inscription or the like can be displayed on these containers and / or lids.
And the said container can accommodate and store a part of crushed waste tombstone.
この場合において、易破砕化工程及び焼成工程を、同じ加熱炉を用いて行うことができる。 In this case, the easy crushing step and the firing step can be performed using the same heating furnace.
また、易破砕化工程を経る前の廃墓石を写真撮影し、保存することができる。 In addition, the tombstone before passing through the easy crushing process can be photographed and stored.
本発明の廃墓石の処理方法によれば、廃墓石を、まず、加熱炉で加熱することにより破砕しやすくした後、易破砕化した廃墓石を、破砕機により粉砕することにより細粒化された破砕物を得るようにしているので、御影石（花崗岩）等の硬質の石材からなる墓石を、破砕機により容易に細粒化するまで破砕することができ、廃墓石の処理に要する手数とコストを低減することができる。 According to the waste tombstone processing method of the present invention, the waste tombstone is first crushed by heating it in a heating furnace, and then easily crushed by crushing it with a crusher. The tombstones made of hard stone such as granite can be crushed by the crusher easily until they are finely divided, and the labor and cost required for processing the tombstones. Can be reduced.
また、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法は、宗教上の儀式である御魂抜きの法要等を経た墓石のみを対象としていることに加え、このようにして細粒化された破砕物を原材料に用いて、加熱炉で焼成する焼成工程により容器及び／又は蓋（例えば、前記容器を覆う蓋）を作成し、該容器に、廃墓石の破砕物の一部を収容して保管することにより、廃墓石を丁重に供養して「墓じまい」（墓の処分）をすることができる。 Moreover, the processing method of the abandoned tombstone of the present invention is intended only for a tombstone that has undergone a ritual without a soul, which is a religious ritual, and the crushed material thus refined is used as a raw material. By using a baking step of baking in a heating furnace to create a container and / or a lid (for example, a lid that covers the container), and storing and storing a part of the crushed waste tombstone in the container, It is possible to treat the tombstones carefully and to “grave tomb” (tomb disposal).
また、易破砕化工程及び焼成工程を、同じ加熱炉を用いて行うようにすることにより、廃墓石の処理に使用する設備構成を簡略化することができる。 Moreover, the equipment structure used for a process of a waste tombstone can be simplified by performing an easy crushing process and a baking process using the same heating furnace.
また、易破砕化工程を経る前の廃墓石を写真撮影し、保存することにより、後日、照会等がなされた場合にこれに応じるようにすることができる。 In addition, by taking a photograph of the tombstone before passing through the easy crushing process and storing it, it is possible to respond to an inquiry or the like at a later date.
以下、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法の実施の形態を、図面に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of a processing method of a waste tombstone of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
図１に、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法の一実施例の処理フロー図を示す。
この廃墓石の処理方法は、以下の工程からなる（符号は、処理フロー図に付した符号と対応している。）。
（Ｓ１）廃墓石を受け入れる。
（Ｓ２）受け入れた廃墓石が、宗教上の適切な処置が施されているかどうか、具体的には、例えば、「御魂抜き法要」が済ませてあるか否かが調査される。
例えば、法要を行った法師の証明がある場合や、廃墓石を持ち込んだ者が法要に立ち会っている場合等で、御魂抜き法要を済ませてあることが明確と判断された場合は、「宗教上の適切な処置が施されている（御魂抜き法要済み）」と判断され（Ｓ２のＹＥＳ）、無縁仏の廃墓石や時間が経過して法要が営まれたか否かが不明な場合は、「宗教上の適切な処置が施されていない（御魂抜き法要が済んでいない）」と判断される（Ｓ２のＮＯ）。
（Ｓ３）受け入れた廃墓石が、「宗教上の適切な処置が施されていない（御魂抜き法要が済んでいない）」と判断された場合（Ｓ２のＮＯ）は、宗教上の適切な処置（御魂抜き法要）を行う。これにより、廃墓石は、宗教上の適切な処置が施された（魂が抜かれた）普通の石材とみなされて、処理可能であるとされて、以下の易破砕化工程Ｓ４以降の工程に移る。
In FIG. 1, the processing flowchart of one Example of the processing method of the waste tombstone of this invention is shown.
This disposal method for abandoned tombstones consists of the following steps (the symbols correspond to the symbols attached to the process flow diagram).
(S1) Accept the abandoned tombstone.
(S2) It is investigated whether or not the accepted tombstone has been subjected to appropriate religious treatment, specifically, for example, whether or not “the soul-free legislation” has been completed.
For example, if there is proof of the lawyer who performed the law, or if the person who brought the abandoned tombstone witnesses the law, it is clearly determined that the soul-free law has been completed. If it is determined that the above appropriate measures have been taken (the law without the soul has been required) (YES in S2) It is determined that “appropriate religious measures have not been taken (the soul-free law has not been completed)” (NO in S2).
(S3) If it is determined that the accepted tombstone has not been subjected to appropriate religious treatment (the soul-free law has not been completed) (NO in S2), appropriate religious treatment (The essence without soul). As a result, the abandoned tombstone is considered to be an ordinary stone that has undergone appropriate religious treatment (with the soul removed) and can be processed. Move.
（Ｓ４）普通の石材となった廃墓石を、加熱炉で加熱することにより破砕しやすくする（易破砕化工程）。
この易破砕化工程Ｓ４で使用される加熱炉は、廃墓石を加熱することにより熱応力を加えて破砕しやすくするためのもので、炉内に廃墓石をそのまま収容できる大きさであって、廃墓石を最高８００℃程度まで加熱することができる、出力が数十ｋＷ〜１００ｋＷ程度の汎用の加熱炉を使用することが好ましい。なお、必要に応じて、易破砕化工程Ｓ４の前に、廃墓石をある程度細分化してから易破砕化工程Ｓ４を行ってもよい。
加熱炉の加熱方式としては、電熱加熱方式、マイクロ波加熱方式、燃焼加熱方式等の任意の加熱方式のものを使用することができるが、後述の焼成工程Ｓ７を同じ加熱炉を用いて行うことができるように、電熱加熱方式や燃焼加熱方式のものを使用することが好ましい。
加熱炉で加熱した廃墓石は、加熱する際及び冷却（急冷）する際に、それぞれ熱応力が加わり、破砕しやすくなるので、温度変化が急激であればあるほど好ましい。
加熱炉による廃墓石の加熱は、必要に応じて、加熱及び冷却を複数回繰り返すようにすることもでき、さらに、後述の破砕工程Ｓ５を行った後に、大きな破砕物を、再度、易破砕化工程Ｓ４に戻して加熱するようにすることもできる。
(S4) The waste tombstone that has become a normal stone is easily crushed by heating it in a heating furnace (easy crushing step).
The heating furnace used in this easy crushing step S4 is for heating the waste tombstone to make it easy to crush by applying thermal stress, and is a size that can accommodate the waste tombstone as it is, It is preferable to use a general-purpose heating furnace capable of heating the waste tombstone to a maximum of about 800 ° C. and having an output of about several tens to 100 kW. In addition, before the easy crushing process S4, you may perform the easy crushing process S4 after subdividing a waste tombstone to some extent, as needed.
As a heating method of the heating furnace, any heating method such as an electric heating method, a microwave heating method, a combustion heating method, and the like can be used. However, the baking step S7 described later is performed using the same heating furnace. Therefore, it is preferable to use an electric heating system or a combustion heating system.
A waste tombstone heated in a heating furnace is subjected to thermal stress when heated and cooled (rapidly cooled), and is easily crushed.
Heating of the waste tombstone in the heating furnace can be repeated heating and cooling multiple times if necessary. Furthermore, after performing the crushing step S5 described later, a large crushed material is easily crushed again. It can also be made to return to process S4 and to heat.
（Ｓ５）易破砕化工程Ｓ４により易破砕化した廃墓石を、破砕機を用いて破砕する（破砕工程）。
この破砕工程Ｓ５で使用される破砕機は、廃墓石を粉砕することにより細粒化された破砕物を得るためのもので、ハンマークラッシャ、ジョークラッシャ等の任意の破砕機を使用することができる。
(S5) Easy crushing process The waste tombstone easily crushed by S4 is crushed using a crusher (crushing process).
The crusher used in this crushing step S5 is for obtaining a crushed material that has been refined by crushing a waste tombstone, and any crusher such as a hammark crusher or a jaw crusher can be used. .
（Ｓ６）破砕工程Ｓ５により、廃墓石を粉砕することにより細粒化された破砕物は、分級機で分級され、大きな破砕物は、必要に応じて、再度、破砕機に戻して、粉砕するようにすることができる（分級工程）。 (S6) In the crushing step S5, the crushed material refined by crushing the waste tombstone is classified by a classifier, and the large crushed material is returned to the crusher and pulverized again as necessary. (Classification process).
（Ｓ７）細粒化された破砕物を原材料に用いて、具体的には、細粒化された破砕物（非可塑性原料）に、可塑性原料及び／又は融剤原料を添加して調製した陶磁器原料を成形した後、加熱炉で焼成して、陶磁器製の容器、特に限定されるものではないが、骨壺程度の大きさの蓋付き容器を作成する（焼成工程）。
ここで、可塑性原料としては、木節粘土、蛙目（がいろめ）粘土、カオリン、セリサイト等の粘土を主体した原料を用いることができ、また、融剤（媒溶剤）原料としては、長石、ドロマイト、白雲石（ＣａＣＯ３・ＭｇＣＯ３）、骨灰（リン酸カルシウム）、セリサイト等を用いることができる。
この焼成工程Ｓ７で使用される加熱炉は、陶磁器を作成するための任意の加熱方式のものを使用することができるが、前述の易破砕化工程Ｓ４を同じ加熱炉を用いて行うことができるように、電熱加熱方式や燃焼加熱方式のものを使用することが好ましい。
(S7) Ceramics prepared by using a crushed material as a raw material, specifically, adding a plastic material and / or a flux material to a pulverized material (non-plastic material) After forming the raw material, it is fired in a heating furnace to produce a ceramic container, although not particularly limited, a container with a lid about the size of an urn (firing step).
Here, as the plastic raw material, raw materials mainly composed of clay such as Kibushi clay, galeme clay, kaolin and sericite can be used, and as the flux (medium solvent) raw material, Feldspar, dolomite, dolomite (CaCO 3 .MgCO 3 ), bone ash (calcium phosphate), sericite, and the like can be used.
As the heating furnace used in the firing step S7, any heating method for producing ceramics can be used, but the above-described easy crushing step S4 can be performed using the same heating furnace. Thus, it is preferable to use an electric heating system or a combustion heating system.
（Ｓ８）蓋付き容器に、廃墓石の破砕物の一部を収容して保管するようにする。
収容する廃墓石の破砕物は、元の廃墓石が特定できるように、破砕工程Ｓ５の前に廃墓石から採取したものを用いるほか、廃墓石毎に破砕工程Ｓ５を行う場合は分級後のものを使用することもできる。
蓋付き容器には、焼成工程Ｓ７において、直接刻銘を施したり、銘板を取り付けることができる。また、刻銘や銘板には、廃墓石に刻まれていた墓碑銘や施主名等の情報を引き写したり、写真撮影したものを転写することができる。
ここで、廃墓石を撮影した写真は、データベース等に保存しておき、照会等がなされた場合にこれに応じることができるようにすることもできる。
なお、蓋付き容器に廃墓石の破砕物の一部を収容した後、必要に応じて、宗教上の適切な処置を施す（御魂入れの法要を行う）こともできる。
(S8) A portion of the crushed waste tombstone is housed and stored in a container with a lid.
The crushed material of waste tombstones to be housed is the one collected from the waste tombstones before the crushing step S5 so that the original waste tombstones can be identified, and if the crushing step S5 for each waste tombstone is classified Can also be used.
The container with a lid can be directly engraved or attached with a nameplate in the firing step S7. In addition, on the inscription and nameplate, information such as the name of the tombstone and the name of the owner engraved on the abandoned tombstone can be copied, or a photograph taken can be transferred.
Here, the photograph which image | photographed the abandoned tombstone can be preserve | saved at a database etc., and it can also respond | correspond to this when an inquiry etc. are made.
In addition, after accommodating a part of the crushed material of the waste tombstone in a container with a lid, if necessary, it is possible to take an appropriate religious measure (to make a soul case law).
（Ｓ９）廃墓石の破砕物の残部は、廃墓石の形態をとどめない状態まで粉砕することによって、骨材（土木建築用資材やコンクリート製品用資材）として広く利用することができる。 (S9) The remainder of the crushed waste tombstone can be widely used as aggregates (materials for civil engineering and construction materials and materials for concrete products) by pulverizing it to a state where the shape of the waste tombstone is not retained.
なお、本発明で処理する廃墓石には、墓碑銘や施主名等が刻まれた廃墓石本体のほか、この墓石本体を支える石製台座等を含み、これらを併せて処理することができる。 In addition, the waste tombstone processed by this invention contains the stone base etc. which support this tombstone main body other than the waste tombstone main body in which the tombstone name, the owner name, etc. were engraved, and these can be processed collectively.
以上、本発明の廃墓石の処理方法について、その実施例に基づいて説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に記載した構成に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において適宜その構成を変更することができるものである。 As mentioned above, although the processing method of the abandoned tombstone of this invention was demonstrated based on the Example, this invention is not limited to the structure described in the said Example, The structure suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning. Can be changed.
本発明の廃墓石の処理方法は、廃墓石の処理に要する手数とコストを低減することができるとともに、廃墓石を丁重に供養して「墓じまい」（墓の処分）をすることができることから、廃墓石の処理の用途、特に、「墓じまい」（墓の処分）の用途に好適に用いることができる。 The method for disposing of a tombstone according to the present invention can reduce the labor and cost required to dispose of the abandoned tombstone. It can be suitably used for the use of waste tombstones, in particular, the use of “grave tomb” (tomb disposal).
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