JP3574742B2 - Method for recovering PCB-containing oil - Google Patents

Method for recovering PCB-containing oil Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3574742B2
JP3574742B2 JP08705798A JP8705798A JP3574742B2 JP 3574742 B2 JP3574742 B2 JP 3574742B2 JP 08705798 A JP08705798 A JP 08705798A JP 8705798 A JP8705798 A JP 8705798A JP 3574742 B2 JP3574742 B2 JP 3574742B2
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Prior art keywords
pcb
solvent
containing oil
iron core
temperature
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JPH11286463A (en
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毅 松村
正勝 向井
正芳 山下
淳 新井
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Toyo Engineering Corp
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Toyo Engineering Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、トランス(変圧器)の構成部材に電気絶縁油として使用されたPCB(ポリ塩化ビフェニ−ル)含有油の回収方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
PCBは、化学的安定性、耐熱性、高絶縁性等の特性を有しており、これらの特性を利用してトランスおよびコンデンサ−等の電気絶縁油、感圧紙、機械油、可塑剤および塗料等に使用されてきた。
しかしながら、PCBは1968年のカネミ油症事件を切っ掛けとして環境汚染の実態が明かになり、1974年までに製造、輸入、開放形用途での使用が禁止された。
さらに、1992年には廃PCB、PCBを含む廃油およびPCB汚染物が廃棄物処理法に基づく特別管理産業廃棄物に指定され、事業所等での保管が義務付けられた。その結果、現在は相当数のトランスが事業所等に保管されている。
【0003】
トランスは、主にコイル、鉄心と碍子等の部材から構成されており、これらの部材がPCB含有油に浸されている。このPCB含有油を抜取った後の鉄心に染込んで残留しているPCB含有油を回収する方法として溶剤洗浄、真空加熱(蒸発・回収)等の方法が検討されてきている。
鉄心は、縦300〜500mm、横300〜400mm、奥行100〜200mm程度で重量が30〜200Kgであり、厚さが約0.3mmの硅素鋼板を200枚程度積層して構成されており、積層している夫々の硅素鋼板間が約0.02mmの隙間部分にPCB含有油が染込んで残留している。
【0004】
上記の残留PCB含有油を回収するための十分な技術は未だ提供されていないが、仮に溶剤による洗浄方法を用いた場合は、鉄心を溶剤に浸漬してもPCB含有油が染込んでいる夫々の硅素鋼板間の隙間部分に溶剤が浸透することは困難である。また、鉄心には表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されているものもあり、溶剤が鉄心の内部にまで浸透することは極めて困難である。従って、PCB含有油を十分回収することができない問題点を有している。
通常、鉄心に残留しているPCB量は、表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されているものは約0.1mg/Kg鉄心であり、塗布されていないものは約0.25mg/Kg鉄心が一般的である。
これらの問題点を解消するために溶剤洗浄の前処理として、例えば、常温下でハンマ−クラッシャ−等を使用して鉄心を細かく破砕する方法が考えられるが、溶剤洗浄に適した破砕が得られないとともに、PCBを含むミストが大量に発生することが予測できるので、環境への悪影響を考慮すると鉄心をそのまま破砕する方法は極力避けるべきであると考える。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、鉄心を構成する夫々の硅素鋼板間の隙間部分に残留しているPCB含有油を回収するに際し、環境へ悪影響を及ぼすことなくPCB含有油を高効率で回収する方法を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者等は上記の問題点を解消するために鋭意研究の結果、溶剤洗浄の前処理として、常温で液体である溶剤を冷媒と間接的に熱交換させて低温に保持されている溶剤に鉄心を浸漬した後、低温の状態にある鉄心をプレス機で破砕すれば溶剤洗浄に適した破砕が得られるとともに、PCBを含むミストが大量に発生することがなく、PCB含有油を効率よく回収できることを見出だした。
すなわち、この発明は複数枚の硅素鋼板が積層して構成され、PCB含有油が残留している鉄心を冷媒により間接的に低温保持されている溶剤に浸漬後破砕手段に付し、ついで破砕された鉄心を洗浄手段に付してPCB含有油を洗浄溶剤中に溶出させ、該洗浄溶剤中からPCB含有油が分離されることを特徴とするPCB含有油の回収方法である。
【0007】
この発明において、冷媒は液体窒素、液化LNGまたは液化二酸化炭素が好ましく、これらの冷媒と溶剤を間接的に熱交換させて溶剤を低温に保持する。
また、低温に保持される溶剤の温度は−70〜−50℃の範囲が好ましく、−70℃以下の温度では使用する溶剤が凝固することがあり、またこれ以上冷却しても鉄心破砕の効果に特別の差が認められないし、−50℃以上の温度では、鉄心の構成部材である硅素鋼板の幅を10〜数10mmの短冊状に破砕することが困難であり、破砕の効果を得ることができない。
【0008】
この発明において、鉄心は低温の溶剤に〜30分間の範囲で浸漬されるのが好ましい。分間未満では鉄心の内部まで破砕に適した温度とならず、30分間を越えて冷却しても深冷破砕の効果に差が認められない。
この発明において、低温に保持される溶剤および洗浄溶剤は同種類の溶剤を使用するのが好ましく、溶剤としキュメン、アミルベンゼン、1,3−ジエチルベンゼン、ジペンテンまたはp−シメンが好ましい。
溶剤は−70℃程度の温度で凝固しない炭化水素系溶剤であり、引火点が常温以上で取扱が安全であること。更には溶剤の沸点が100℃以上で常温では液体であり、鉄心浸漬時に溶剤の蒸発が無く、蒸留分離に好適な温度であるPCB含有油と溶剤の沸点差が数10℃程度あることが求められる。
【0009】
この発明において、低温に冷やされた鉄心を破砕する手段はプレス機が使用される。プレス機は、低速の往復動作であるから破砕時にPCBを含むミストの発生がないので、環境への影響を考慮する必要がない。また、プレス機は市販の物で良く、例えば2軸プレス機あるいは3軸プレス機等を適宜選択して使用すればよい。
【0010】
この発明において、PCB含有油を洗浄する温度はPCB含有油の粘度および使用する溶剤の引火点等から洗浄効果ならびに安全性を考慮して適宜温度を設定すればよい。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、この発明を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図1は、鉄心の形状を示す図である。鉄心1は中央に空間3があり、複数枚の硅素鋼板2を積層して構成されている。
【0012】
図2は、この発明の一実施形態を示す工程図であり、浸漬槽4の溶剤は液体窒素、液化LNGあるいは液化二酸化炭素等が循環されている熱交換器9により間接的に熱交換されて−70〜−50℃の低温に冷やされている。
鉄心1は、この浸漬槽4へ入れられて3〜30分間浸漬されて破砕に好適な温度である−70〜−50℃の低温に冷やされた後、浸漬槽4から取出されプレス機5で破砕される。鉄心の構成部材である硅素鋼板は一定方向へ割れる性質を有しており、低温での破砕のため幅が10〜数10mmの短冊状に破砕される。
【0013】
細かく破砕された鉄心は、プレス機5下部に設置された洗浄用容器6中に落下して収納された後、この容器6は洗浄槽7へ入れられる。この洗浄槽7では鉄心を冷却する溶剤と同種類の溶剤が使用される。図示しないが、例えば洗浄槽内にパイプを設置し、温水を通して洗浄槽を所望の温度に保持すればよい。
【0014】
洗浄槽7において、鉄心に残留しているPCB含有油を十分溶剤中に溶出させた後、溶剤はライン10からライン11を介してPCB含有油と溶剤の分別手段である蒸留塔8へ送られ、溶剤に溶出しているPCB含有油が溶剤から蒸留分離され、ライン12から貯槽へ送られる。PCB含有油が分離された溶剤は、ライン13を介してライン15から鉄心を冷却する浸漬槽4あるいはライン14から洗浄槽7へ夫々循環され再使用される。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、この発明を実施例に基づき更に詳細に説明する。なお各実施例は図2に示す工程図に従って実施した。
【0016】
実施例1
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。
先ず、トランスからPCB含有油を抜取った後、鉄心およびコイル等から構成されるコア部を取出して鉄心のみの状態とした。
【0017】
つぎに、溶剤であるキュメンが液化LNGによって−50℃に冷やされている浸漬槽に鉄心を入れ、30分間浸漬した。低温に浸漬された鉄心を浸漬槽から取出し、プレス機で破砕した。鉄心の構成部材である硅素鋼板は、幅20mm程度の短冊状に細かく破砕された。このとき、破砕によるPCB含むミストの発生は観察されなかった。細かく破砕された鉄心を洗浄剤であるキュメンが温度20℃に保持されている超音波洗浄槽へ移し10分間洗浄した。
洗浄終了後、細かく破砕された鉄心を洗浄槽から取出して加熱し真空乾燥した。細かく破砕された鉄心を目で観察したがPCB含有油の残留並びに洗浄溶剤の残留は認められなかった。
【0018】
PCB含有油が溶出されている洗浄溶剤を蒸留装置でPCB含有油と洗浄溶剤に分離した。蒸留分離によりPCB含有油と分離された洗浄溶剤は、純度が99.5%であったので、超音波洗浄槽へ循環して再使用し、PCB含有油は貯槽に移して保管した。
【0019】
(1)細かく破砕された鉄心の洗浄は、つぎの条件下で行った。
洗浄槽装置 :簡易超音波洗浄槽 YP−600(商品名)
洗浄溶剤 :キュメン
洗浄温度 :20℃
洗浄時間 :10分
乾燥装置 :真空乾燥機 YP−552VD(商品名)
加熱温度 :90℃
加熱時間 :10分
真空乾燥時間: 5分
【0020】
(2)洗浄溶剤中に溶出されたPCB含有油の回収は、つぎの条件下で行った。
蒸留装置 :薄膜式エバポレ−タ−F−70(商品名)
蒸留温度 :100℃
運転真空度 :60Toor
洗浄溶剤中のPCBの濃度
蒸留前の濃度: 3%/PCB含有油/キュメン
蒸留後の濃度:97%/PCB含有油/キュメン
PCB含有油の回収率:99.95%
蒸留後回収されたキュメンの純度:99.5%
【0021】
(3)PCB含有油中のPCB残留量は、つぎの測定により算出した。
試験にはPCBを含有しない電気絶縁油を用いたトランスを使用した。
溶剤による洗浄後の硅素鋼板を1cm角に裁断し、容積で10倍量のノルマルヘキサンでPCB含有油を抽出後、抽出液を濃縮し、ガスクロマトグラフィでPCB含有油量を定量した。
一般的に、低濃度PCB汚染油とは50mg−PCB/Kg油未満を指すことから、PCB含有油量は、50mg−PCB/Kg油として絶縁油残量から算出した。結果を表1に示した。
【0022】
実施例2
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。浸漬槽温度は−70℃、浸漬時間は3分、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0023】
実施例3
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されているものを使用した。浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0024】
実施例4
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。溶剤はアミルベンゼン、浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は60℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0025】
実施例5
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。溶剤は1、3−ジエチルベンゼン、浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は50℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0026】
実施例6
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。溶剤はジペンテン、浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0027】
実施例7
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。溶剤はp−シメン、浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。結果を表1に示した。
【0028】
比較例1
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。浸漬槽温度は−60℃、洗浄槽温度は−30℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。破砕は良好であったが、洗浄槽温度が低いためPCB含有油の粘度が高くなり、PCB除去率が40%であった。結果を表1に示した。
【0029】
比較例2
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。浸漬槽温度は−30℃、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。浸漬槽温度が破砕に適した温度ではなく、洗浄に適した破砕ができず、PCB除去率が40%であった。結果を表1に示した。
【0030】
比較例3
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。浸漬槽温度は−60℃、浸漬時間は1分、洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。浸漬時間が短いため、鉄心が破砕に適した温度に達せず、PCB除去率が40%であった。結果を表1に示した。
【0031】
比較例4
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。鉄心を浸漬槽に浸漬せずに大気温度30℃で破砕を行った。洗浄槽温度は−30℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。洗浄に適した破砕ができなかったこと、洗浄槽温度が低いためPCB含有油の粘度が高くなり、PCB除去率が4%であった。結果を表1に示した。
【0032】
比較例5
鉄心は表面にワニス等の樹脂が塗布されていないものを使用した。浸漬槽に浸漬せずに大気温度25℃で破砕を行った。洗浄槽温度は40℃とし、他の条件は実施例1と同じ条件下で行った。洗浄に適した破砕ができなかったことでPCB除去率が20%であった。結果を表1に示した。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0003574742
【0034】
【発明の効果】
前処理として鉄心を低温の溶剤中に浸漬してから鉄心を破砕するため、破砕時にPCBを含むミストの発生が無く、環境への影響を考慮する必要がない。
また、浸漬槽と洗浄槽において同種類の溶剤が使用される場合は、蒸留塔で分離された溶剤を洗浄槽あるいは低温浸漬槽へ循環して再使用できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は鉄心の形状を示す図である。
【図2】図2は鉄心を低温下で破砕し鉄心に残留しているPCB含有油の回収を示すフロ−図である。
【符号の説明】
1 鉄心
2 硅素鋼板
3 空間
4 浸漬槽
5 プレス機
6 容器
7 洗浄槽
8 蒸留塔
9 熱交換器
10〜15 ライン[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for recovering PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) -containing oil used as an electrical insulating oil in a component of a transformer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
PCBs have properties such as chemical stability, heat resistance, and high insulation properties, and use these properties to make use of electrical insulating oils such as transformers and capacitors, pressure-sensitive paper, machine oils, plasticizers and paints. And so on.
However, the fact that PCBs were polluted by the Kanemi Yusho incident in 1968 revealed the actual state of environmental pollution, and by 1974 the manufacture, import and use of open-ended applications were banned.
Furthermore, in 1992, waste PCBs, waste oils including PCBs and PCB contaminants were designated as specially managed industrial wastes based on the Waste Management Law, and were required to be stored at business establishments and the like. As a result, at present, a considerable number of transformers are stored in business establishments and the like.
[0003]
The transformer is mainly composed of members such as a coil, an iron core and an insulator, and these members are immersed in PCB-containing oil. As a method for recovering the PCB-containing oil remaining after being absorbed into the iron core after extracting the PCB-containing oil, methods such as solvent washing and vacuum heating (evaporation / recovery) have been studied.
The iron core has a length of 300 to 500 mm, a width of 300 to 400 mm, a depth of about 100 to 200 mm, a weight of 30 to 200 kg, and is formed by laminating about 200 silicon steel sheets having a thickness of about 0.3 mm. The PCB-containing oil permeates and remains in a gap of about 0.02 mm between the silicon steel plates.
[0004]
Although a sufficient technique for recovering the above-mentioned residual PCB-containing oil has not been provided yet, if the cleaning method using a solvent is used, even if the iron core is immersed in the solvent, the PCB-containing oil is impregnated. It is difficult for the solvent to penetrate into the gaps between the silicon steel plates. Some iron cores are coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface, and it is extremely difficult for the solvent to penetrate into the core. Therefore, there is a problem that the PCB-containing oil cannot be sufficiently recovered.
Usually, the amount of PCB remaining on the iron core is about 0.1 mg / Kg iron core when the resin such as varnish is applied on the surface, and about 0.25 mg / Kg iron core when the resin is not applied. It is a target.
As a pretreatment for solvent washing to solve these problems, for example, a method of finely crushing an iron core using a hammer crusher or the like at room temperature can be considered, but crushing suitable for solvent washing can be obtained. In addition, since it is expected that a large amount of mist including PCBs will be generated, it is considered that the method of directly crushing the iron core should be avoided as much as possible in consideration of adverse effects on the environment.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a method of recovering a PCB-containing oil with high efficiency without adversely affecting the environment when recovering a PCB-containing oil remaining in a gap between respective silicon steel plates constituting an iron core. It is.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a pretreatment for solvent washing, a solvent that is liquid at room temperature is indirectly heat-exchanged with a refrigerant, so that the solvent kept at a low temperature is made of iron. After immersion, the iron core in a low temperature state can be crushed by a press to obtain crushing suitable for solvent washing, and PCB-containing oil can be efficiently collected without generating a large amount of mist containing PCB. Was found.
That is, according to the present invention, a plurality of silicon steel sheets are laminated, and the iron core in which the PCB-containing oil remains is immersed in a solvent which is indirectly kept at a low temperature by a refrigerant, then subjected to crushing means, and then crushed. A method for recovering a PCB-containing oil, wherein the PCB-containing oil is eluted into a washing solvent by applying the iron core to a washing means, and the PCB-containing oil is separated from the washing solvent.
[0007]
In the present invention, the refrigerant is preferably liquid nitrogen, liquefied LNG or liquefied carbon dioxide, and the refrigerant is indirectly heat-exchanged with the solvent to maintain the solvent at a low temperature.
Further, the temperature of the solvent kept at a low temperature is preferably in the range of -70 to -50 ° C. At a temperature of -70 ° C or less, the solvent used may be solidified. At a temperature of -50 ° C or higher, it is difficult to crush the width of the silicon steel plate, which is a component of the iron core, into a strip of 10 to several tens of mm, and to obtain the crushing effect. Can not.
[0008]
In the present invention, the iron core is preferably immersed in a low-temperature solvent for 3 to 30 minutes. In less than 3 minutes not a temperature suitable for crushing the inside of the core, not the observed difference in the effect of the cryogenic fracture even when cooling over the 30 minutes.
In the present invention, the solvent and washing solvent is held in the low temperature are preferably used the same type of solvent, cumene as a solvent, amyl benzene, 1,3-diethylbenzene, dipentene or p- cymene is preferred.
The solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent that does not solidify at a temperature of about -70 ° C, has a flash point of normal temperature or higher, and is safe to handle. Furthermore, the boiling point of the solvent is 100 ° C. or higher, it is liquid at room temperature, the solvent does not evaporate during immersion in the iron core, and the boiling point difference between the PCB-containing oil and the solvent, which is a temperature suitable for distillation separation, is required to be about tens of degrees Celsius. Can be
[0009]
In the present invention, a pressing machine is used as a means for crushing the iron core cooled to a low temperature. Since the press machine is a low-speed reciprocating operation, no mist including PCB is generated at the time of crushing, so that it is not necessary to consider the influence on the environment. The press may be a commercially available one, and for example, a two-axis press or a three-axis press may be appropriately selected and used.
[0010]
In the present invention, the temperature at which the PCB-containing oil is washed may be appropriately set in consideration of the washing effect and safety from the viscosity of the PCB-containing oil and the flash point of the solvent used.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of the iron core. The iron core 1 has a space 3 in the center, and is configured by stacking a plurality of silicon steel plates 2.
[0012]
FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. The solvent in the immersion tank 4 is indirectly heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger 9 in which liquid nitrogen, liquefied LNG or liquefied carbon dioxide is circulated. It is cooled to a low temperature of -70 to -50 ° C.
The iron core 1 is put into the immersion tank 4, immersed for 3 to 30 minutes, cooled to a low temperature of −70 to −50 ° C., which is a temperature suitable for crushing, and then taken out of the immersion tank 4 and pressed by a press machine 5. Crushed. The silicon steel sheet, which is a component of the iron core, has the property of breaking in a certain direction, and is crushed into strips having a width of 10 to several tens of mm due to crushing at a low temperature.
[0013]
The finely crushed iron core is dropped and stored in a cleaning container 6 installed at the lower part of the press machine 5, and then the container 6 is put into a cleaning tank 7. In the cleaning tank 7, the same kind of solvent as that for cooling the iron core is used. Although not shown, for example, a pipe may be provided in the cleaning tank, and the cleaning tank may be maintained at a desired temperature through hot water.
[0014]
After the PCB-containing oil remaining in the iron core is sufficiently eluted in the solvent in the washing tank 7, the solvent is sent from the line 10 to the distillation column 8 as a means for separating the PCB-containing oil and the solvent through the line 11. The PCB-containing oil eluted in the solvent is separated from the solvent by distillation and sent from the line 12 to the storage tank. The solvent from which the PCB-containing oil has been separated is circulated from the line 15 via the line 13 to the immersion tank 4 for cooling the iron core or from the line 14 to the washing tank 7 and reused.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Each example was performed according to the process chart shown in FIG.
[0016]
Example 1
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface.
First, after extracting the PCB-containing oil from the transformer, the core portion including the iron core and the coil was taken out, and only the iron core was brought into a state.
[0017]
Next, the iron core was put into a dipping tank in which cumene as a solvent was cooled to −50 ° C. by liquefied LNG, and dipped for 30 minutes. The iron core immersed at a low temperature was taken out of the immersion tank and crushed by a press. The silicon steel sheet, which is a component of the iron core, was finely crushed into a strip having a width of about 20 mm. At this time, generation of mist including PCB due to crushing was not observed. The finely crushed iron core was transferred to an ultrasonic cleaning tank in which cumene as a cleaning agent was maintained at a temperature of 20 ° C., and washed for 10 minutes.
After the washing was completed, the finely crushed iron core was taken out of the washing tank, heated and vacuum-dried. The finely crushed iron core was visually observed, but no residual PCB-containing oil and no residual cleaning solvent were observed.
[0018]
The washing solvent from which the PCB-containing oil was eluted was separated into the PCB-containing oil and the washing solvent by a distillation apparatus. Since the cleaning solvent separated from the PCB-containing oil by distillation separation had a purity of 99.5%, it was circulated to an ultrasonic cleaning tank for reuse, and the PCB-containing oil was transferred to a storage tank and stored.
[0019]
(1) The finely crushed iron core was washed under the following conditions.
Cleaning tank device: Simple ultrasonic cleaning tank YP-600 (trade name)
Cleaning solvent: Cumene cleaning temperature: 20 ° C
Washing time: 10 minutes Drying device: Vacuum dryer YP-552VD (trade name)
Heating temperature: 90 ° C
Heating time: 10 minutes Vacuum drying time: 5 minutes
(2) The recovery of the PCB-containing oil eluted in the washing solvent was performed under the following conditions.
Distillation equipment: Thin film evaporator F-70 (trade name)
Distillation temperature: 100 ° C
Operating vacuum degree: 60Toor
Concentration of PCB in washing solvent Concentration before distillation: 3% / PCB-containing oil / Concentration after cumen distillation: 97% / PCB-containing oil / Cumen PCB-containing oil recovery: 99.95%
Purity of cumene recovered after distillation: 99.5%
[0021]
(3) The PCB residual amount in the PCB-containing oil was calculated by the following measurement.
In the test, a transformer using electric insulating oil containing no PCB was used.
After washing with a solvent, the silicon steel sheet was cut into 1 cm squares, the PCB-containing oil was extracted with a 10-fold volume of normal hexane, the extract was concentrated, and the amount of the PCB-containing oil was quantified by gas chromatography.
In general, low-concentration PCB-contaminated oil refers to less than 50 mg-PCB / Kg oil, and the PCB-containing oil content was calculated from the remaining amount of insulating oil as 50 mg-PCB / Kg oil. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
Example 2
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The immersion bath temperature was -70 ° C, the immersion time was 3 minutes, the cleaning bath temperature was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]
Example 3
The core used was a resin whose surface was coated with a resin such as varnish. The temperature of the immersion bath was -60 ° C, the temperature of the washing bath was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0024]
Example 4
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The solvent was amylbenzene, the immersion tank temperature was -60 ° C, the washing tank temperature was 60 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0025]
Example 5
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The solvent was 1,3-diethylbenzene, the immersion tank temperature was -60 ° C, the washing tank temperature was 50 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
Example 6
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The solvent was dipentene, the immersion tank temperature was -60 ° C, the washing tank temperature was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
Example 7
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The solvent was p-cymene, the immersion tank temperature was -60 ° C, the washing tank temperature was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
Comparative Example 1
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The temperature of the immersion bath was -60 ° C, the temperature of the washing bath was -30 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as those in Example 1. Although the crushing was good, the viscosity of the PCB-containing oil was high due to the low washing tank temperature, and the PCB removal rate was 40%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
Comparative Example 2
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The temperature of the immersion bath was -30 ° C, the temperature of the washing bath was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The temperature of the immersion tank was not a temperature suitable for crushing, crushing suitable for washing could not be performed, and the PCB removal rate was 40%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
Comparative Example 3
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. The immersion bath temperature was -60 ° C, the immersion time was 1 minute, the washing bath temperature was 40 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. Due to the short immersion time, the iron core did not reach a temperature suitable for crushing, and the PCB removal rate was 40%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
Comparative Example 4
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. Crushing was performed at an ambient temperature of 30 ° C. without immersing the iron core in the immersion tank. The temperature of the washing tank was set to -30 ° C, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. Since crushing suitable for washing could not be performed and the temperature of the washing tank was low, the viscosity of the PCB-containing oil became high, and the PCB removal rate was 4%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0032]
Comparative Example 5
The core used was not coated with a resin such as varnish on the surface. Crushing was performed at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. without immersion in the immersion tank. The temperature of the washing tank was set to 40 ° C., and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. Since the crushing suitable for washing could not be performed, the PCB removal rate was 20%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003574742
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As the iron core is immersed in a low-temperature solvent as a pretreatment, the iron core is crushed, so that no mist including PCB is generated at the time of crushing, and it is not necessary to consider the effect on the environment.
When the same type of solvent is used in the immersion tank and the washing tank, the solvent separated in the distillation tower can be circulated to the washing tank or the low-temperature immersion tank and reused.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing a shape of an iron core.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing recovery of PCB-containing oil remaining in the iron core after crushing the iron core at a low temperature.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Iron core 2 Silicon steel plate 3 Space 4 Immersion tank 5 Press machine 6 Container 7 Washing tank 8 Distillation tower 9 Heat exchanger 10-15 lines

Claims (6)

複数枚の硅素鋼板が積層して構成され、PCB含有油が残留している鉄心を冷媒により間接的に低温保持されている溶剤に浸漬後破砕手段に付し、ついで破砕された鉄心を洗浄手段に付してPCB含有油を洗浄溶剤中に溶出させ、該洗浄溶剤中からPCB含有油が分離されることを特徴とするPCB含有油の回収方法。A plurality of silicon steel sheets are laminated, and an iron core in which PCB-containing oil remains is immersed in a solvent indirectly maintained at a low temperature by a refrigerant and then subjected to crushing means, and then the crushed iron core is washed. And eluting the PCB-containing oil into the washing solvent to separate the PCB-containing oil from the washing solvent. 冷媒が液体窒素、液化LNGまたは液化二酸化炭素である請求項1に記載のPCB含有油の回収方法。The method for recovering PCB-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, liquefied LNG or liquefied carbon dioxide. 低温保持されている溶剤と洗浄溶剤は同種類の溶剤が使用され、該溶剤はキュメン、アミルベンゼン、1,3−ジエチルベンゼン、ジペンテンまたはp−シメンである請求項1〜2に記載のPCB含有油の回収方法。The PCB-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the same type of solvent is used as the solvent kept at a low temperature and the washing solvent, and the solvent is cumene, amylbenzene, 1,3-diethylbenzene, dipentene or p-cymene. Collection method. 低温保持されている溶剤の温度が−70〜−50℃の範囲である請求項1〜3に記載のPCB含有油の回収方法。The method for recovering a PCB-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solvent kept at a low temperature is in a range of −70 to −50 ° C. 5. 鉄心が低温保持されている溶剤に3〜30分間浸漬される請求項1〜4に記載のPCB含有油の回収方法。The method for recovering PCB-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the iron core is immersed in a solvent maintained at a low temperature for 3 to 30 minutes. 鉄心を破砕する手段がプレス機である請求項1〜5に記載のPCB含有油の回収方法。The method for recovering PCB-containing oil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the means for crushing the iron core is a press machine.
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