JP3574038B2 - High-speed MAG welding method - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はソリッドワイヤの如き消耗電極を使用してシールドガス雰囲気下で溶接を行う、ＭＡＧ溶接、パルスＭＡＧ溶接（以下両者を包含して「ＭＡＧ溶接」と称す）に関するもので、特に高速度で溶接可能とした高速ＭＡＧ溶接法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ＭＡＧ溶接は自動車関連工業をはじめとした金属加工業界において、広く用いられており、その効率的な生産性、品質の安定化等において好ましいことから、自動溶接機によるＭＡＧ溶接が行われている。そして、このＭＡＧ溶接において、従来から一般的に使用されている溶接用シールドガスとしては、Ａｒガスを主成分として容積比で約２０％程度のＣＯ２ガスを混合した２種混合組成のガスや、ＣＯ２ガスだけの単体ガスが使用されていた。特にＣＯ２ガス単体を用いる場合は、フラックス入りのワイヤと組み合わせて使用される場合が多い。又、ごく一部ではあるが、溶接電流にパルス電流を用いて、溶接用シールドガスとして上記したＡｒ＋２０容量％ＣＯ２の２種混合組成ガスを用いる、パルスＭＡＧ溶接が行われる場合もある。
【０００３】
然るに、自動溶接機を用いる溶接作業にあっては、溶接速度を向上せしめることは、生産性の効率化を図るためには有益であり、このため高速化した溶接法の実現の要望が高まっている。しかし従来の溶接技術では、一般的な通常のＭＡＧ溶接方法によると、その溶接速度は１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ程度が上限速度であり、それ以上の溶接速度で溶接を行うことは困難であった。
【０００４】
具体的には、上記した如き従来のＭＡＧ溶接で、既存の上記溶接用シールドガス（上記Ａｒ＋ＣＯ２２種混合ガス又はＣＯ２ガス単体）を使用して、鋼板の重ねすみ肉溶接を１００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎの高速度で行うと、次のような不都合や問題点が生じる。
▲１▼ 進行方向に沿って、溶着金属の盛り上がりが断続周期的に繰り返されるハンピングビードと呼ばれるビード形状が形成されて、溶接が不可能となる。
▲２▼ 進行方向に対して垂直方向の断面形状が凸型のビードを形成し易くなり、ビード両側部もしくは片側部に沿って母材が凹み、溝が形成されるいわゆるアンダーカットと呼ばれる溶接不良が、ほぼビード全長にわたって大きく発生する。
▲３▼ ビードが蛇行する現象が生じる。
▲４▼ パルス電流によるＭＡＧ溶接では、スパッタの発生量がほとんど低減されない。
【０００５】
又、この種の高速溶接を行う方法として、例えば特開平６−２６９９４４号公報に開示された技術がある。この溶接方法は、シールドガスとしてＣＯ２ガス（炭酸ガス）を使用したアーク溶接によるすみ肉溶接をする方法であって、３電極を用い、１極目（Ｌ極）に金属粉６０〜９９重量％、スラグ形成剤０．１〜３５重量％（但し３５重量％を含まず）及びアーク安定剤１〜１０重量％を含有するフラックスを鋼製外皮中に１０〜２０重量％充填した直径１．４ｍｍのメタル系フラックス入りワイヤを使用し、２極目（Ｔ１極）及び３極目（Ｔ２極）に金属粉４０〜６０重量％（但し６０重量％を含まず）、スラグ形成剤３５〜５５重量％及びアーク安定剤１〜１０重量％を含有するフラックスを鋼製外皮中に１０〜２０重量％充填した直径１．６ｍｍのチタニア系フラックス入りワイヤを使用し、各極の相互間隔５０ｍｍ以上として、重ね方式によるビード積層法により炭酸ガスシールドアーク溶接し、前記１極目（Ｌ極）の溶接電流を３００〜４５０Ａ、２極目（Ｔ１極）及び３極目（Ｔ２極）の溶接電流を３５０〜５００Ａとし、溶接速度を１．５ｍ／ｍｉｎ以上、脚長５〜７ｍｍとすることを特徴とする溶接方法である。
【０００６】
しかしながら、上記した高速溶接方法では高速溶接が可能とはなるが、電極を３極としたり、しかもそれぞれの電極は異なる組成のフラックスを坦持せしめた、フラックス入りワイヤを電極とすることによって高速溶接を可能としたものである。
従って、装置形成が複雑になったり、操作が繁雑となるばかりでなく、従来使用していない新たなワイヤを使用することで、経費が嵩む等の不都合、問題があった。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記した事情に鑑みなされたものであり、上記した不都合や、問題点を解消し、生産効率を向上せしめ得る高速度のＭＡＧ溶接法の開発を目的とし、溶接器具の改良や、消耗電極として特別なフラックス入りのワイヤを使用することなく、極めて容易に、アークを安定化した状態で生起せしめて良好なビードが得ることができ、溶接速度を１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の高速化を図ったＭＡＧ溶接法又はパルス電流によるＭＡＧ溶接法を提供することを、本発明の解決すべき課題とするものである。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、
請求項１に係わる発明として、溶接母材である冷間圧延鋼板を、シールドガス組成が、３０〜８５容量％のＨｅガス、８〜１５容量％のＯ２ガス、残部をＡｒガスとする混合ガスでなるシールドガスを用いて、１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の溶接速度で、ソリッドワイヤを用いたＭＡＧ溶接することを特徴とする高速ＭＡＧ溶接法としたものである。
又、請求項２に係わる発明として、溶接母材である冷間圧延鋼板を、シールドガス組成が、３０〜８５容量％のＨｅガス、８〜１５容量％のＯ２ガス、残部をＡｒガスとする混合ガスでなるシールドガスを用いて、１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の溶接速度で、ソリッドワイヤを使用してパルス電流によりＭＡＧ溶接することを特徴とする高速ＭＡＧ溶接法としたものである。
更に、請求項３に係わる発明として、溶接母材を溶接の進行方向に向かって下り勾配に配置してＭＡＧ溶接することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の高速ＭＡＧ溶接法としたものである。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の高速ＭＡＧ溶接法は、シールドガスとして流すガスの組成を、３０〜８５容量％のＨｅガス、８〜１５容量％のＯ２ガス、残部をＡｒガスとする３種混合ガスとし、１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の溶接速度にして、ソリッドワイヤを消耗電極として用いて溶接を行う方法である。
又、本発明の別の態様として、溶接電流としたパルス電流を使用する高速ＭＡＧ溶接として、シールドガスとして流すガスの組成を、３０〜８５容量％のＨｅガス、８〜１５容量％のＯ２ガス、残部をＡｒガスとする３種混合ガスとし、１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の溶接速度にして、ソリッドワイヤを消耗電極として用いて溶接を行う方法である。
【００１０】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の高速ＭＡＧ溶接方法の実施例について説明する。
［実施例１］
本発明の実施例１として、以下の如き溶接条件により高速ＭＡＧ溶接を行い、その時使用するシールドガスの組成を変化せしめて、その組成変化による溶接状態について確認、評価した。
＜溶接条件＞
・溶接母材：冷間圧延鋼板（ＳＰＣＣ材）、板厚２．３ｍｍ
・継手形状：重ね継手
・溶接姿勢：水平すみ肉
・溶接ワイヤ：ＪＩＳ Ｚ３３１２に準拠したＹＧＷ１６に相当するソリッドワイヤ
・チップ母材間距離：１５ｍｍ
・トーチ傾斜角度：４５度
・前進角度：２０度
以上の条件下で、溶接電流として、平均電流３００Ａでのパルス電流を使用して、２００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎの溶接速度で溶接を行った。
【００１１】
そして、上記した溶接条件下で、シールドガスとして、ヘリウムガス（Ｈｅ）、酸素ガス（Ｏ２）及びアルゴンガス（Ａｒ）の３種類の混合ガスの組成（容量％）を変化せしめて、それぞれの組成ガスをシールドガスに使用した時の、以下の如き現象の発生の有無を確認して、溶接状態を評価した。これを表１に表示する。
（ｉ）ハンピング発生の確認。
（ｉｉ）アンダカット発生の確認。
（ｉｉｉ）ビード蛇行発生の確認。
（ｉｖ）スパッタ発生の確認。
（ｖ）総合評価の確認。
【００１２】
なお、発生の確認及び総合評価は、以下の如き５段階評価で行った。
◎：各現象の発生がなく非常に良好。
○：各現象がわずか痕跡微少程度であって良好。
△：各現象の発生が幾分認められるが、継手として支障がなく合格。
×：各現象が発生して継ぎ手として不合格。
ー：ハンピングの発生で評価不可。
【００１３】
【表１】
表１で明らかなように、パルス電流によるＭＡＧ溶接を２００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎの高速で溶接することができるシールドガスの組成としては、
Ｈｅガス：３０〜８５容量％、Ｏ２ガス：８〜１５容量％、そして残余Ａｒガスの３種混合ガスで行うことによって、上記した如き好ましくない現象が発生することなく、極めて良好なビードを形成し、安定した状態でＭＡＧ溶接を高速度で行うことが可能であることが確認評価された。
【００１５】
なお、上記した実施例１では、溶接速度として２００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎで溶接した例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでなく、従来の一般的溶接法での上限速度１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の溶接速度のＭＡＧ溶接に充分使用することができることは、勿論である。
【００１６】
なお又、上記実施例１では、パルス電流を使用したＭＡＧ溶接について説明したが、一般的なＭＡＧ溶接にも適用し得ることは勿論である。そして溶接する継手も実施例１での重ね継手の溶接に限定されるものでなく、Ｔ型継手や、突き合わせ継手の溶接にも適用し得ることも勿論である。
更に、溶接母材を溶接の進行方向に向かって下り勾配に配置し、本発明の高速ＭＡＧ溶接を適用すると、溶接速度を高速化するための効果を発揮するのに極めて大きく寄与することとなる。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
本発明の高速ＭＡＧ溶接法は、上記した如き形態で実施され、以下の如き効果を奏する。
本発明のＭＡＧ溶接法ではシールドガスとして、Ｈｅガス：３０〜８５容量％、Ｏ２ガス：８〜１５容量％、そして残余Ａｒガスの混合ガスを使用することによって、既存の溶接用シールドガスに比べて発生するアーク圧力を低下させることができ、アークを安定化することができるため、溶接速度を１００ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ以上の高速化した溶接をすることができる。
【００１８】
その上、高速化したにも拘わらず、ハンピングビードが発生し難くなったり、濡れ性の良い、ビード幅の広い平坦な溶接ビードを形成し、アンダカットが殆ど発生しない溶接ビードが得られる。更に、スパッタの発生が少ない良好な溶接状態が得られると共に、溶接後のスパッタ除去作業が軽減されて作業効率をより一層向上せしめる。
更に、従来既存の装置器具を使用して、容易な操作により高速溶接を可能とし得る等多くの効果を奏する。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to MAG welding and pulse MAG welding (hereinafter referred to as "MAG welding" including both) in which welding is performed under a shield gas atmosphere using a consumable electrode such as a solid wire, and particularly at a high speed. The present invention relates to a high-speed MAG welding method that enables welding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
MAG welding is widely used in the metal processing industry including the automobile-related industry, and is preferable in terms of efficient productivity, stabilization of quality, and the like. Therefore, MAG welding using an automatic welding machine is performed. In this MAG welding, as a welding shielding gas generally used in the past, a gas having a mixed composition of two kinds in which Ar gas is a main component and about 20% by volume of CO 2 gas is mixed. , A single gas of only CO 2 gas was used. In particular, when using only CO 2 gas, it is often used in combination with a flux-cored wire. In some cases, pulse MAG welding using a pulse current as a welding current and using a mixed gas of two kinds of Ar + 20% by volume CO 2 as a welding shield gas may be performed.
[0003]
However, in the welding operation using an automatic welding machine, increasing the welding speed is useful for improving the efficiency of productivity, and therefore, there is a growing demand for a faster welding method. I have. However, in the conventional welding technique, the upper limit of the welding speed is about 100 cm / min according to a general ordinary MAG welding method, and it is difficult to perform welding at a welding speed higher than that.
[0004]
Specifically, in the conventional MAG welding as described above, lap fillet welding of a steel sheet is performed at 100 mm / min using the existing shielding gas for welding (the mixed gas of Ar + CO 2 or CO 2 gas alone). If performed at a high speed, the following inconveniences and problems occur.
{Circle around (1)} A bead shape called a "humping bead" is formed in which the swelling of the deposited metal is repeated intermittently along the traveling direction, making welding impossible.
{Circle around (2)} A bead having a convex cross section in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction is easily formed, the base material is recessed along both sides or one side of the bead, and a groove is formed. However, it occurs largely over almost the entire length of the bead.
{Circle around (3)} The phenomenon that the bead meanders occurs.
{Circle around (4)} In MAG welding using a pulse current, the amount of spatter generated is hardly reduced.
[0005]
As a method for performing this kind of high-speed welding, for example, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-269944. This welding method is a method of performing fillet welding by arc welding using CO 2 gas (carbon dioxide gas) as a shielding gas, and using three electrodes, the first electrode (L electrode) has 60 to 99% by weight of metal powder. A flux containing 0.1 to 35% by weight (but not including 35% by weight) of a slag forming agent and 1 to 10% by weight of an arc stabilizer was filled in a steel outer shell by 10 to 20% by weight to have a diameter of 1.4 mm. The metal-based flux-cored wire is used, and the second pole (T1 pole) and the third pole (T2 pole) have a metal powder of 40 to 60% by weight (excluding 60% by weight), a slag forming agent of 35 to 55% by weight and Using a 1.6 mm diameter titania-based flux-cored wire in which a flux containing 1 to 10% by weight of an arc stabilizer is filled in a steel outer cover in an amount of 10 to 20% by weight. Shielded arc welding by the bead lamination method according to the above, the welding current of the first pole (L pole) is set to 300 to 450 A, the welding current of the second pole (T1 pole) and the third pole (T2 pole) is set to 350 to 500 A, and welding is performed. A welding method characterized by a speed of 1.5 m / min or more and a leg length of 5 to 7 mm.
[0006]
However, the high-speed welding method described above enables high-speed welding. However, high-speed welding can be achieved by using three electrodes and flux-cored wires each carrying a different composition of flux. Is made possible.
Therefore, not only is the formation of the apparatus complicated, the operation becomes complicated, but also there are inconveniences and problems such as the increase in cost due to the use of a new wire which has not been used conventionally.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to solve the above-described disadvantages and problems, and to develop a high-speed MAG welding method capable of improving production efficiency. Without using a special flux-cored wire as an electrode, it was possible to obtain a good bead by generating an arc in a stabilized state extremely easily, and to increase the welding speed to 100 cm / min or more. It is an object of the present invention to provide a MAG welding method or a MAG welding method using a pulse current.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To solve the above problems,
Mixed as an invention relating to claim 1, the cold-rolled steel sheet is a welding base material, the shielding gas composition, to 30 to 85% by volume of He gas, 8-15 volume% of O 2 gas, the remainder of Ar gas using a shielding gas consisting of a gas, at 100 cm / min or more welding speed is obtained by a high speed MAG welding method, characterized in that the MAG welding using a solid wire.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a cold-rolled steel plate as a welding base material is formed by using a shielding gas composition of 30 to 85% by volume of He gas, 8 to 15% by volume of O 2 gas, and the balance of Ar gas . A high-speed MAG welding method characterized by performing MAG welding by a pulse current using a solid wire at a welding speed of 100 cm / min or more using a shielding gas made of a mixed gas .
Further, as a third aspect of the present invention, the high-speed MAG welding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the MAG welding is performed by disposing the welding base metal at a downward gradient in the welding progress direction. It is.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the high-speed MAG welding method of the present invention, the composition of the gas flowing as the shielding gas is a mixed gas of 30 to 85% by volume of He gas, 8 to 15% by volume of O 2 gas, and the balance of Ar gas. This is a method of performing welding using a solid wire as a consumable electrode at a welding speed of / min or more.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as a high-speed MAG welding using a pulse current as a welding current, the composition of a gas flowing as a shielding gas is 30 to 85% by volume of He gas and 8 to 15% by volume of O 2. This is a method of performing welding using a solid wire as a consumable electrode at a welding speed of 100 cm / min or more, using a gas mixture of three types of gas, the remainder being Ar gas.
[0010]
【Example】
Next, an embodiment of the high-speed MAG welding method of the present invention will be described.
[Example 1]
As Example 1 of the present invention, high-speed MAG welding was performed under the following welding conditions, the composition of the shielding gas used at that time was changed, and the welding state due to the change in the composition was confirmed and evaluated.
<Welding conditions>
・ Welding base material: Cold rolled steel plate (SPCC material), thickness 2.3 mm
・ Joint shape: lap joint ・ Welding posture: horizontal fillet ・ Welding wire: solid wire equivalent to YGW16 in accordance with JIS Z3312 ・ Distance between chip base materials: 15 mm
The welding was performed at a welding speed of 200 cm / min using a pulse current with an average current of 300 A as a welding current under the conditions of a torch inclination angle: 45 degrees and a forward angle: 20 degrees or more.
[0011]
Then, under the above welding conditions, the composition (volume%) of three types of mixed gas of helium gas (He), oxygen gas (O 2 ), and argon gas (Ar) was changed as the shielding gas, and each of them was changed. When the composition gas was used as the shielding gas, the occurrence of the following phenomena was confirmed, and the welding state was evaluated. This is shown in Table 1.
(I) Confirmation of occurrence of humping.
(Ii) Confirmation of occurrence of undercut.
(Iii) Confirmation of occurrence of bead meandering.
(Iv) Confirmation of spatter generation.
(V) Confirmation of overall evaluation.
[0012]
In addition, the confirmation of the occurrence and the comprehensive evaluation were performed in the following five-step evaluation.
A: Very good with no occurrence of each phenomenon.
：: Each phenomenon was slightly fine and good.
Δ: Some occurrence of each phenomenon was recognized, but the joint passed without any trouble.
X: Each phenomenon occurred and the joint was rejected.
ー: Evaluation is not possible due to occurrence of humping.
[0013]
[Table 1]
As is clear from Table 1, the composition of the shielding gas capable of welding MAG welding by pulse current at a high speed of 200 cm / min is as follows.
He gas: 30 to 85 volume%, O 2 gas: 8-15 volume%, and by performing a three-component mixture gas of residual Ar gas, without undesirable phenomena such as described above occurs, a very good bead It was confirmed and evaluated that MAG welding can be performed at a high speed in a formed and stable state.
[0015]
In the above-described first embodiment, an example in which welding was performed at a welding speed of 200 cm / min was described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the upper limit speed in a conventional general welding method is 100 cm / min or more. Of course, it can be used sufficiently for MAG welding at a welding speed of.
[0016]
In the first embodiment, the MAG welding using the pulse current has been described. Further, the joint to be welded is not limited to the welding of the lap joint in the first embodiment, but may be applied to the welding of a T-shaped joint or a butt joint.
Furthermore, when the welding base metal is arranged at a downward gradient in the direction of progress of the welding and the high-speed MAG welding of the present invention is applied, it greatly contributes to the effect of increasing the welding speed. .
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The high-speed MAG welding method of the present invention is implemented in the above-described embodiment, and has the following effects.
As shielding gas in MAG welding method of the present invention, He gas: 30 to 85 volume%, O 2 gas: 8-15 volume%, and by using a mixed gas of residual Ar gas, the existing welding shielding gas Since the generated arc pressure can be reduced and the arc can be stabilized, it is possible to perform welding at a welding speed of 100 cm / min or more.
[0018]
In addition, despite high speed, a humping bead is less likely to be generated, and a flat weld bead having good wettability and a wide bead width is formed, and a weld bead with almost no undercut can be obtained. Furthermore, a good welding state with less generation of spatters can be obtained, and the work of removing spatter after welding is reduced, thereby further improving the work efficiency.
Further, there are many effects such as high-speed welding that can be performed by an easy operation using a conventionally existing device.
Claims (3)
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| JP2000108513A JP3574038B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2000-04-10 | High-speed MAG welding method |
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| JP2000108513A JP3574038B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2000-04-10 | High-speed MAG welding method |
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| JP2001287034A JP2001287034A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| JP3574038B2 true JP3574038B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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| US7071438B2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-07-04 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Gas composition for arc welding |
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