JP3566120B2 - Cold tool steel with high cycle fatigue life and excellent machinability - Google Patents

Cold tool steel with high cycle fatigue life and excellent machinability Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3566120B2
JP3566120B2 JP03475199A JP3475199A JP3566120B2 JP 3566120 B2 JP3566120 B2 JP 3566120B2 JP 03475199 A JP03475199 A JP 03475199A JP 3475199 A JP3475199 A JP 3475199A JP 3566120 B2 JP3566120 B2 JP 3566120B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
steel
machinability
high cycle
fatigue life
cycle fatigue
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JP03475199A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000234148A (en
Inventor
幸生 舘
信博 辻井
大円 横井
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高サイクル疲労寿命および被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、冷間加工用金型には、JIS−SKD11が広く用いられている。しかし、繰返し応力が負荷される用途では、粗大なCr系炭化物を起点とした亀裂が発生するために疲労特性に劣るという問題がある。これに対し、例えば特公昭57−59298号公報や特公平3−36897号公報等の発明が提案されている。また、SKD11の被削性を改善する発明として、特公昭63−66384号公報や特開平8−120333号公報等が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した特公昭57−59298号公報は、従来用いられている型用鋼にほぼ対応する合金組成に対して、Ca:0.0005〜0.010%を添加することにより金型の寿命を向上させているが、疲労限の向上に関する記載がなく、また、この発明では、Ca以外の被削性改善元素の添加は型寿命にとってはどちらかと言えばマイナスに作用すると示されている。また、特公平3−36897号公報は、SKD11を低C−低Cr化し、粗大なCr系炭化物量を大幅に減少させることにより、強度、靱性および疲労特性を向上させたものであるが、被削性改善について何ら示されていない。
【0004】
さらに、特公昭63−66384号公報は、REM添加により非金属介在物を大幅に粒状化させ、被削性を向上させたものであるが、疲労限の向上に関する記載がなく、しかもVおよびNb添加におけるV+1/2Nbの規制がなく、REM添加によりコストが高くなり、経済性に劣るという問題がある。また、特開平8−120333号公報は、S添加により被削性の改善を図ったものであるが、疲労限の向上に関する記載がなく、しかもMoおよびW添加におけるMo+1/2Wの規制がなく、これらの解明がされていないのが実状である。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述した問題を解消すべき、発明者らは鋭意開発を進めた結果、鋼中にSを添加しMnSを分散形成させることにより、S無添加鋼に比べ疲労限を向上させ、一方、S添加量の増加に伴い、併せて被削性も向上させるというものである。
その発明の要旨とするところは、
(1)重量%で、C:0.65〜1.50%、Si:2.0%以下、Cr:5.0〜13.0%、S:0.030〜0.20%、Mn:1.50%以下を主成分とし、MoまたはWのいずれか1種または2種をMo当量(Mo+1/2W):1.0〜5.0%、および、VまたはNbのいずれか1種または2種をV当量(V+1/2Nb):0.05〜1.0%含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴とする高サイクル疲労寿命および被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼。
(2)前記(1)記載の鋼に、さらにCo:0.20〜3.0%添加することを特徴とする高サイクル疲労寿命および被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼にある。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明における各種成分の限定理由について説明する。
C:0.65〜1.50%
Cは、焼入、焼戻しにより十分なマトリックス硬さを与えると共に、Cr,Mo,Vなどと結合して炭化物を形成し、耐摩耗性を与える。しかし過剰に添加すると、凝固時に粗大炭化物が多く析出し、靱性を阻害する。一方、十分な二次硬化硬さを得るためには、0.65%が必要である。従って、その範囲を0.65〜1.50%とした。
【0007】
Si:2.0%以下
Siは、脱酸剤として添加されるとともに、耐酸化性、焼入性に有効である。また、焼戻過程において炭化物の凝集を抑え二次硬化を促進する。しかし、2.0%を超えると冷間加工性を阻害し、靱性を劣化させる。従って、上限を2.0%とした。
Cr:5.0〜13.0%
Crは、焼入性を高めるとともに、焼戻軟化抵抗を高める。この効果を得るためには、5.0%以上が必要である。しかし、凝固時にCと結合して巨大一時炭化物を形成し易く、過剰に添加すると靱性を劣化させる。従って、その範囲を5.0〜13.0%とした。
【0008】
S:0.030〜0.20%
Sは、Mnと結合し、MnSを形成する。鋼中にMnSを分散形成させることにより、繰返し応力が比較的低い場合、マトリックス内の辷りをMnSが抑制し、疲労破壊の伝播を遅らせる。この効果は、0.03%以上添加しないと発揮されず、過剰な添加は、靱性を劣化させる。従って、その範囲を0.030〜0.20%とした。また、S添加量の増加に伴い、併せて被削性も向上する。十分な被削性を得、熱間加工性を低下させないためには、望ましくは、0.040〜0.10%とする。
【0009】
Mn:1.50%以下
Mnは、Sと結合し、疲労特性および被削性を向上させる。また、脱酸剤として鋼の清浄度を高め、焼入性を高める元素である。1.5%を超えると冷間加工性を阻害し、靱性を劣化させるので、上限を1.50%とする。
MoまたはWのいずれか1種または2種をMo当量(Mo+1/2W):1.0〜5.0%
Mo,Wは、微細な炭化物を形成し、二次硬化に寄与し、耐軟化抵抗性を改善する元素である。ただし、その効果はMoの方がWよりも2倍強く、同じ効果を得るにWはMoの2倍必要である。Mo当量(Mo+1/2W)で少なくとも1.0%必要である。しかし、過剰添加は靱性の低下を招くため、上限を5.0%とした。
【0010】
VまたはNbのいずれか1種または2種をV当量(V+1/2Nb):0.05〜1.0%
V,Nbは、二次硬化に有効であり、Cと硬い炭化物を形成して耐摩耗性に寄与するとともに結晶粒を微細化する。V当量(V+1/2Nb)で少なくとも0.05%必要である。しかし、過剰添加は靱性の低下を招くため、上限を1.0%とした。
Co:0.20〜3.0%
Coは、焼戻しによる炭化物凝集粗大化を抑制し、耐軟化抵抗性に有効である。
これらの効果を得るには、0.20%が必要であり、また、3.0%を超えて添加すると靱性が低下する。従って、その範囲を0.20〜3.0%とした。
【0011】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明鋼の特徴を具体的に説明する。
【実施例】
表1に供試鋼の化学成分、およびこの供試鋼により焼入焼戻し硬さ、疲労限、被削性、靱性の試験結果を示す。また、この疲労限については、小野式回転曲げ疲労試験における10回繰返し応力回数の負荷応力値であり、被削性は、各鋼種の焼なまし材を、SKH51製、φ5mmのドリルで10mm穿孔するのに要する時間で示し、さらに、靱性は、圧延方向より採取した、10R−Cノッチシャルピー試験片にて評価した。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003566120
【0013】
表1に示すように、No1〜5は本発明鋼であり、No6〜8は比較鋼である。本発明鋼No1は、比較鋼No6に比べ、靱性を低下させることなく、疲労限および被削性を向上させる。本発明鋼No2〜5は、比較鋼No7に比べ、疲労限および被削性を向上させ、その傾向はS量の増加に伴い大きくなる。また、本発明鋼No2〜5の靱性は、比較鋼No7とほぼ同水準である。比較鋼No8は、本発明鋼No2〜5よりも多くのSを添加したものであり、疲労限および被削性は発明鋼よりも優れるものの、靱性が劣化している。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明により、高価なREMの添加や鋼種成分の大幅な変更を必要とせず、SKD11系の鋼にSをうまくバランスさせることにより、大きなコスト上昇がなく、金型の靱性を低下させることなく、疲労特性に優れ、併せて被削性に優れた鋼を提供することが出来る極めて優れた効果を奏するものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cold tool steel excellent in high cycle fatigue life and machinability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, JIS-SKD11 has been widely used for a mold for cold working. However, in applications where a repeated stress is applied, there is a problem that cracks starting from coarse Cr-based carbides are generated, resulting in poor fatigue properties. On the other hand, inventions such as Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-59298 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-36897 have been proposed. Further, as an invention for improving the machinability of SKD11, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-66384 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-120333 have been proposed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-59298 discloses that the life of a mold is improved by adding 0.0005 to 0.010% of Ca to an alloy composition substantially corresponding to a conventionally used mold steel. However, there is no description on the improvement of the fatigue limit, and the present invention indicates that the addition of a machinability improving element other than Ca has a rather negative effect on the mold life. In Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-36897, the strength, toughness, and fatigue properties of SKD11 are improved by lowering the C-Cr content and lowering the amount of coarse Cr-based carbides. No mention is made of the improvement in machinability.
[0004]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-66384 discloses a method in which non-metallic inclusions are greatly granulated by adding REM to improve machinability. However, there is no description about improvement in fatigue limit, and V and Nb are not described. There is no regulation of V + 1 / 2Nb in the addition, and there is a problem that the cost is increased by the REM addition and the economy is inferior. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-120333 is intended to improve machinability by adding S. However, there is no description regarding the improvement of fatigue limit, and there is no regulation of Mo + 1 / 2W in addition of Mo and W. The fact is that these have not been elucidated.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have made intensive developments, and as a result, by adding S to the steel and forming MnS in a dispersed manner, the fatigue limit is improved as compared with the S-free steel. As the amount increases, the machinability also improves.
The gist of the invention is that
(1) By weight%, C: 0.65 to 1.50%, Si: 2.0% or less, Cr: 5.0 to 13.0%, S: 0.030 to 0.20%, Mn: 1.50% or less as a main component, and any one or two of Mo and W are Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W): 1.0 to 5.0%, and any one of V or Nb or A cold tool steel excellent in high cycle fatigue life and machinability, characterized by containing two kinds of V equivalents (V + 1 / 2Nb): 0.05 to 1.0% and being composed of balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
(2) A cold tool steel excellent in high cycle fatigue life and machinability, characterized in that Co: 0.20 to 3.0% is further added to the steel described in (1).
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting various components in the present invention will be described.
C: 0.65 to 1.50%
C imparts sufficient matrix hardness by quenching and tempering, and combines with Cr, Mo, V, etc. to form carbides and impart wear resistance. However, if added in excess, a large amount of coarse carbides precipitate during solidification, which impairs toughness. On the other hand, in order to obtain a sufficient secondary hardening hardness, 0.65% is required. Therefore, the range was set to 0.65 to 1.50%.
[0007]
Si: 2.0% or less Si is added as a deoxidizing agent and is effective in oxidation resistance and hardenability. Further, it suppresses agglomeration of carbides during the tempering process and promotes secondary hardening. However, if it exceeds 2.0%, cold workability is impaired and toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 2.0%.
Cr: 5.0 to 13.0%
Cr enhances hardenability and temper softening resistance. To obtain this effect, 5.0% or more is required. However, when solidified, it is likely to combine with C to form a large temporary carbide, and if added excessively, it deteriorates toughness. Therefore, the range was set to 5.0 to 13.0%.
[0008]
S: 0.030 to 0.20%
S combines with Mn to form MnS. By dispersing and forming MnS in steel, when the cyclic stress is relatively low, MnS suppresses slippage in the matrix and delays the propagation of fatigue fracture. This effect is not exhibited unless 0.03% or more is added, and excessive addition deteriorates toughness. Therefore, the range is set to 0.030 to 0.20%. Further, as the amount of S added increases, the machinability also improves. In order to obtain sufficient machinability and not reduce the hot workability, the content is desirably 0.040 to 0.10%.
[0009]
Mn: 1.50% or less Mn combines with S and improves fatigue characteristics and machinability. Further, it is an element that increases the cleanliness of steel and enhances hardenability as a deoxidizing agent. If it exceeds 1.5%, the cold workability is impaired and the toughness is degraded, so the upper limit is made 1.50%.
Any one or two of Mo and W are Mo equivalent (Mo + (W): 1.0 to 5.0%
Mo and W are elements that form fine carbides, contribute to secondary hardening, and improve softening resistance. However, the effect of Mo is twice as strong as that of W, and W is twice as large as Mo to obtain the same effect. Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W) requires at least 1.0%. However, since excessive addition causes a decrease in toughness, the upper limit is set to 5.0%.
[0010]
One or two of V or Nb is V equivalent (V + / Nb): 0.05 to 1.0%
V and Nb are effective for secondary hardening, form hard carbides with C, contribute to wear resistance, and refine crystal grains. At least 0.05% is required for V equivalent (V + / Nb). However, since excessive addition causes a decrease in toughness, the upper limit is made 1.0%.
Co: 0.20-3.0%
Co suppresses carbide agglomeration due to tempering and is effective in softening resistance.
To obtain these effects, 0.20% is required, and if added in excess of 3.0%, the toughness decreases. Therefore, the range was set to 0.20 to 3.0%.
[0011]
Hereinafter, the features of the steel of the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
【Example】
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test steel and the test results of quenching and tempering hardness, fatigue limit, machinability and toughness of the test steel. As for the fatigue limit is a load stress value of 10 7 times repeated stress times in fatigue test Ono-type rotating bending, machinability, the annealed material of the steel type, made of SKH51, 10 mm in drill φ5mm It was indicated by the time required for piercing, and the toughness was evaluated using a 10R-C notch Charpy test specimen taken from the rolling direction.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003566120
[0013]
As shown in Table 1, Nos. 1 to 5 are inventive steels and Nos. 6 to 8 are comparative steels. The steel No. 1 of the present invention improves the fatigue limit and machinability without lowering the toughness as compared with the comparative steel No. 6. The steels Nos. 2 to 5 of the present invention have improved fatigue limit and machinability as compared with the comparative steel No. 7, and the tendency increases as the S content increases. The toughness of the steels Nos. 2 to 5 of the present invention is almost the same as that of the comparative steel No. 7. Comparative steel No. 8 is a steel to which more S was added than inventive steels Nos. 2 to 5, and although the fatigue limit and machinability were superior to the inventive steel, the toughness was deteriorated.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention does not require the addition of expensive REM or a significant change in steel type components, and achieves a good balance between S and SKD11-based steel. Without deteriorating the fatigue properties, it is possible to provide a steel having excellent fatigue properties and also excellent machinability.

Claims (2)

重量%で、
C:0.65〜1.50%、
Si:2.0%以下、
Cr:5.0〜13.0%、
S:0.030〜0.20%、
Mn:1.50%以下
を主成分とし、MoまたはWのいずれか1種または2種をMo当量(Mo+1/2W):1.0〜5.0%、および、VまたはNbのいずれか1種または2種をV当量(V+1/2Nb):0.05〜1.0%含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴とする高サイクル疲労寿命および被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼。
In weight percent,
C: 0.65 to 1.50%,
Si: 2.0% or less,
Cr: 5.0 to 13.0%,
S: 0.030 to 0.20%,
Mn: 1.50% or less as a main component, and one or two of Mo and W are Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W): 1.0 to 5.0%, and any one of V or Nb A cold tool excellent in high cycle fatigue life and machinability, characterized in that it contains 0.05 or 1.0% of V or equivalent (V + 1 / 2Nb) of one or two kinds and the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities. steel.
請求項1記載の鋼に、さらにCo:0.20〜3.0%添加することを特徴とする高サイクル疲労寿命および被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼。A cold tool steel excellent in high cycle fatigue life and machinability, characterized by further adding Co: 0.20 to 3.0% to the steel according to claim 1.
JP03475199A 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Cold tool steel with high cycle fatigue life and excellent machinability Expired - Lifetime JP3566120B2 (en)

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