JP3557118B2 - Method for grasping falling state of granular powder, falling object measuring device and falling object measuring device for blast furnace - Google Patents

Description

【００６４】
の値を求める（Ｓ１８）。
高さｈに既知の値を代入し、質量ｍを求める（Ｓ１９）。
原料銘柄が判っていれば密度が既知のため粒径を求めることができる。逆に、原料粒度が判っていれば、原料銘柄を知ることができる（Ｓ２０）。
【００６５】
【実施例】
以下模擬実験による高炉原料の落下状況把握例を説明する。１００ｍｍ間隔で８個の圧縮型の圧電型加速度センサーを並べた長尺体１１を用いた。バケツに高炉原料であるペレット１０ギログラムを入れ、先端の３個の加速度センサーに向かってペレットを落下させる実験を３回繰り返した。
【００６６】
長尺体１１に用紙を張りつけると、ペレットの酸化鉄の色が用紙に痕跡として残る。この状態を図１３に示す。３回の実験ともに、先端のナンバー２の加速度センサーに向かって原料が落下していることが判る。
【００６７】
前記３回の落下テストに対応する各加速度センサーの加速度信号の波形図が図１４乃至図１６である。図１３に対応して、先端のナンバー２の加速度センサーの信号の波形の振動が密になっていることが判る。
【００６８】
図１７は、図１４乃至図１６の各々について、各加速度センサーの標準偏差を算出し、頻度グラフにしたものである。先端のナンバー２の加速度センサーに原料が落下し、その幅も図１３の実測に対応している。
【００６９】
図１８は衝突部として円形タイプと楕円タイプの２種類について、模擬実験を繰り返し、実測と測定による落下主流ポイントのズレを確かめたものである。衝突部の形状の如何に係わらず、正確に落下主流ポイントが測定できることがよく判る。
【００７０】
又、図１の如く落下物測定装置を操業中の高炉に適用することは、
ｉ ）長尺体１１（第１長尺体１１ａ，１１１ａ）を高温域（高温ガス雰囲気）の高炉内に曝すことになり、長尺体１１内の加速度検出手段２１，１２１（センサー部２８，１２８）を熱劣化せしめ、更に高温域での使用状態が継続すると加速度検出手段２１，１２１を熱破損させる恐れがある。
ｉｉ）又高炉内で落下する原料が、高炉内に突設された高温な長尺体１１（第１長尺体１１ａ，１１１ａ）に落下衝突すると、長尺体１１自体を曲げてしまい、全く実用に耐えないものとなる恐れがある。
上記ｉ ）及びｉｉ）記載の事情等から、高炉に適用する落下物測定装置は、耐熱及び強度的に優れた構造とする必要があり、このような構造の一例として図１９〜図２１の如きものとすることが好ましい。
【００７１】
図１９において、高炉に好適な落下物測定装置２０７は、図１〜図９と同様な長尺体１１（加速度検出手段２１、緩衝手段２２を含む）と、長尺体１１を収納支持する補強長尺体２１１とで二重筒構造体２１５となしている。この補強長尺体２１１は開閉手段１７を開き中空部材６内に差し込まれることで、高炉の堆積物に向かって下傾斜されて常設されている。又は補強長尺体２１１を中空部材６内から引き抜いた状態で開閉手段１７を閉じると、高炉内外との連通が閉じられる。この様に高炉に常設された補強長尺体２１１内に長尺体１１を収納支持して二重筒構造体２１５となし、該二重筒構造体２１５を中空部材６内に差し込むことで、下傾斜させて原料の落下軌跡内に突設し、高炉内で落下する原料の落下状況を図１０及び図１１と同様な手順にて検出・把握する。尚、図１９において図１と同一符号は同一部材を示す。
【００７２】
次に、二重筒構造体２１５の具体構成を、図２０及び図２１にて説明する。
二重筒構造体２１５の補強長尺体２１１は、長尺体１１外径より大径な円筒体であり、該円筒体の上面に開口する長尺穴２１２が形成されている。この長尺穴２１２は、長尺体１１外径より大きな幅を持って補強長尺体２１１の長手方向に貫通している。又は補強長尺体２１１の内周下側には、長尺穴２１２に向かって突出する多数の支持脚２１３が点付け溶接等によって固着されている。更に補強長尺体２１１には、長手方向に開口を有する様に長尺穴２１２を閉鎖する２枚の補強板２１４が設けられ、これら各補強板２１４は補強長尺体２１１の上面に溶接等によって一体的に固着されている。これで、補強長尺体２１１は円筒体と各補強板２１４とで曲げ強度が向上するドーム型筒状体に構成される。
そして、長尺体１１は各加速度検出手段２１の衝突部２６を上側に向けた状態で補強長尺体２１１内に収納されて各支持脚２１３で支持される。これら各支持脚２１３によって、長尺体１１の各衝突部２６側が各補強板２１４間の開口から補強長尺体２１１外部に突出させられる。この状態で、長尺体１１外周と補強板２１４とを点付け溶接等によって部分的に固着する。
【００７３】
又長尺体１１の各センサー部２８のケーブルは、第２長尺体１１ｂに開口して補強長尺体２１１内を貫通するパイプ２１１ｅで集約され測定器１４に接続される。更に第２長尺体１１ｂ内は補強長尺体２１１内を貫通するバルブ手段付きパイプ２１１ｆにてパージ手段１６に接続されている〔図２１参照〕。
【００７４】
上述した二重筒構造体２１５は、長尺体１１を補強長尺体２１１の軸心ａから上側に偏心させて外周支持しているので、該長尺体１１の曲げ強度を補強でき、又長尺体１１外周と補強長尺体２１１内周との間に断熱用空間Ｓを形成できる。そして、二重筒構造体２１１は図１９に示す如く長尺体１１の各衝突部２６をムーバブルアーマー４に対峙させる状態で、原料の落下軌跡内に突設される。
【００７５】
高炉に好適な落下物測定装置２０７は、二重筒構造体２１５を採用しているので、長尺体１１の曲げ強度を補強長尺体２１１にて補強できる。又断熱用空間Ｓによって高炉内の高温ガスに対する空気断熱の効果を発揮できる。
したがって、この落下物測定装置２０７を高炉に適用しても、落下衝突する原料により長尺体１１が曲がることがなく、空気断熱によって各センサー部２８の温度上昇を低減して熱劣化（熱破損）をなくせることから、実用に耐えるものとなる。尚パージ手段１６により長尺体１１（第１長尺体１１ａ）に導入される圧縮空気によっても各センサー部２８に対する冷却効果が発揮されると共に、各補強板１４にて落下する原料が補強長尺体２１１内に堆積することを防止できる。又 補強長尺体２１１として、大径肉厚の円筒体を用いることで、長尺体１１に対する強度を飛躍的に向上できる。尚、補強長尺体２１１内にパージ手段１６にて圧縮空気を導入して、長尺体１１全体を冷却することで、各センサー部２８の熱劣化を低減させても良く、又各センサー部２８のケーブルを断熱空間Ｓ内に通過させることでケーブル配線を容易となしても良い。
【００７６】
又、二重筒構造体２１５としては、図２２の如く長尺体２１１の各衝突部２６を外部に突出させることなく補強長尺体２１１内に収納支持するものであっても良い。この時には、長尺体１１の各開口部２４を補強長尺体２１１の上面に開口し、各衝突部２６を補強長尺体２１１表面に露出させて原料が直接当たる様な構成とする。又長尺体１１は補強長尺体２１１の各支持脚２１３等に点付け溶接等で固着する。
【００７７】
更に、上述の落下物測定装置７、２０７では、長尺体１１の長手方向に所定間隔Ｐで各衝突部２６，１２６（加速度検出手段２１，１２１）を一列だけ設置するものであるが、この様な構成であると各間隔Ｐの間で落下物（原料）を検出できない不感帯が発生することになる。この不感帯の存在は、落下物の落下状況を精度良く把握することができない恐れがある。
したがって、落下状況の精度を必要とする時には、図２３の如く加速度検出手段２１，１２１（衝突部２６，１２６）を長尺体１１の長手方向に複数列（図２３では２列）設置する。そして、隣り合う各列の衝突部２６，１２６同士が並ばない様に千鳥状に配置する。これで、長尺体１１の長手方向に連続して衝突部２６，１２６を設置することで、長手方向の不感帯の存在をなくして、落下物の落下状況を精度良く検出・把握できる。
【００７８】
尚、上述の実施の形態の説明では、機器として高炉を用い粒粉体が高炉原料の場合を説明したが、粒粉体を所定分布で落下させる必要のある機器例えばコンベア等にも本発明を適用できる。更に、高炉としてベル型の装入装置を説明したが、旋回シュートにより炉内半径方向に原料を装入するタイプの高炉にも本発明が適用できる。また、長尺体の断面は円形に限らず、矩形断面の長尺体を用いることも可能である。そして、高炉に適用される落下物測定装置の二重管構造においても、長尺体や補強長尺体の断面は円形に限らず、矩形断面のものを用いることも可能である。その他、本発明の趣旨を変更しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。
【００７９】
図２４は前記落下テスト時に質量ｍの異なる数種類の試料を所定高さｈから落下した時に生じる加速度と、
【００８０】
【数２】

【００８１】
との関係をグラブに示したものである。
加速度と、
【００８２】
【数３】

【００８３】
は直線関係である。加速度値が判れば、高さｈが既知の時、質量ｍを知ることができる。すなわち、原料銘柄が判っていれば、密度が既知のため粒径を求めることができる。逆に、原料粒度が判っていれば原料銘柄を知ることができる。
【００８４】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の発明によると、加速度検出手段が落下して衝突する粒粉体の一つ一つに対応した信号を出力するため、加速度検出手段の加速度信号を基にして、粒粉体の落下位置と分布を正確に測定することができる。
【００８５】
請求項２の発明によると、加速度検出手段が緩衝手段を介して長尺体に設置されているため、個々の加速度検出手段に衝突する粒粉体の加速度変化を、他の加速度検出手段などに当たる原料の影響から切り離して測定できる。
【００８６】
請求項３の発明によると、原料が直接当たる衝突部を有するため、感度が良くなる。
【００８７】
請求項４の発明によると、衝突部が長尺体の表面の開口部に埋められているため、埃などが詰まるスペースを少なくできる。
【００８８】
請求項５の発明によると、衝突部に当たる原料が衝突部に止まる率が少なくなり、落下する原料の一つ一つに対応する信号が正確になる。
【００８９】
請求項６の発明によると、 特に高炉の場合、粒粉体状の高炉原料を所定パターンで装入する必要があるため、本件発明が有効である。
【００９０】
請求項７の装置発明によると、緩衝手段で他の加速度検出手段から隔離された加速度検出手段に当たる落下物の一つ一つに対応した信号を正確に検出でき、加速度検出手段の加速度信号を基にして落下物の落下位置と分布を正確に測定できる。
【００９１】
請求項８の発明によると、加速度検出手段が衝突部と取付部とセンサー部とからなり、センサー部の形状の如何に係わらずコンパクトに形成することができる。
【００９２】
請求項９の発明によると、筒状長尺体の表面の開口部に衝突部が位置し、全体が筒状になるため、挿入しやすい形状であるとともに落下物の塵が溜まりにくい構造にできる。また、緩衝手段が取付け易い構造である。
【００９３】
請求項１０の発明によると、緩衝手段を簡単に構成できる。
【００９４】
請求項１１の発明によると、筒状長尺体の開口部と衝突部の隙間から落下物の塵が侵入するのを防止できる。
【００９５】
請求項１２の発明によると、加速度検出手段が落下して衝突する粒粉体の一つ一つに対応した信号を出力し、各加速度検出手段の加速度信号を基にして演算部が処理するため、粒粉体の落下位置、分布、主流位置と幅を正確に測定することができる。
【００９６】
請求項１３の発明によると、各加速度検出手段にノイズがあっても、それを除去して粒粉体の落下の分布、主流位置、幅を正確に測定することができる。
【００９７】
請求項１４の高炉用装置発明のよると、、緩衝手段で他の加速度検出手段から隔離された加速度検出手段に当たる落下物の一つ一つに対応した信号を正確に検出でき、加速度検出手段の加速度信号を基にして落下物の落下位置と分布を正確に測定できる。
特に、長尺体を補強長尺体で補強する二重筒構造体となし、長尺体と補強長尺体との間に断熱用空間を形成させめたので、高炉内で落下する原料が長尺体に落下衝突しても、該長尺体を曲げることなく、又断熱用空間にて高炉内の高温ガスの影響を遮断して加速度検出手段の温度上昇を低減でき、高炉に適した実用的なものとなる。
【００９８】
請求項１５の発明によると、簡単な二重筒構造にて長尺体の曲げ強度を補強でき、又断熱空間を形成することができる。
【００９９】
請求項１６の発明によると、加速度検出手段が衝突部と取付部とセンサー部とからなり、センサー部の形状の如何に係わらずコンパクトに長尺体内に設置することができる。
【０１００】
請求項１７の発明によると、緩衝部材を容易に取り付けられる。
【０１０１】
請求項１８の発明によると、緩衝手段を簡単に構成できる。
【０１０２】
請求項１９の発明によると、原料が長尺体内に侵入するのを防止できる。又長尺体内にパージされる気体が加速度検出手段を冷却する機能を果たす。
【０１０３】
請求項２０の発明によると、加速度検出手段の加速度信号をもとにして演算部が処理するため、落下原料の銘柄もしくは粒度を測定することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】高炉の炉頂要部の内部を示す縦断面図である。
【図２】落下物測定装置の要部を示す断面図である。
【図３】加速度検出手段の縦断面図である。
【図４】加速度検出手段の横断面図である。
【図５】他の加速度検出手段の設置構造を示す縦断面図である。
【図６】使用可能なセンサー部の構造を示す模式図である。
【図７】使用可能なセンサー部の構造を示す模式図である。
【図８】使用可能なセンサー部の構造を示す模式図である。
【図９】使用可能なセンサー部の構造を示す模式図である。
【図１０】演算部の機能を示すフロー図である。
【図１１】演算部の機能を示すフロー図である。
【図１２】演算部の機能を示すフロー図である。
【図１３】長尺体１１にペレットが当たった痕跡を示す図である。
【図１４】各加速度センサーの加速度信号の波形図である。
【図１５】各加速度センサーの加速度信号の波形図である。
【図１６】各加速度センサーの加速度信号の波形図である。
【図１７】各加速度センサーの標準偏差を基にする頻度グラフ図である。
【図１８】加速度センサーと実測による落下主流ポイント検出の比較図である。
【図１９】高炉の炉頂要部の内部と、落下物測定装置の変形例を示す縦断面図である。
【図２０】図１９の落下物測定装置を示す斜視図である。
【図２１】図１９の落下物測定装置の要部を示す断面図である。
【図２２】図１９の落下測定装置の変形例を示す縦断面図である。
【図２３】図１及び図１９の落下物測定装置の他の変形例を示す平面図である。
【図２４】質量ｍの異なる数種類の試料を所定高さから落下した時に生じる加速度と質量ｍ、高さｈ等との関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
５ 高炉の炉壁
６ 中空部材（挿入のための部材）
７ 落下物測定装置
１１ 長尺体
１４ 演算部
１５ 測定器
１６ パージ手段
２１ 加速度検出手段
２２ 緩衝手段
２３ 中空部分
２４ 開口部
２６ 衝突部
２７ 取付部
２８ センサー部
３１ 粘弾性体
３２ 弾性体
１２１ 加速度検出手段
１２６ 衝突部
１２８ センサー部
２０７ 落下物測定装置
２１１ 補強長尺体
２１３ 支持脚[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of detecting a falling position of granular powder loaded into an apparatus to grasp a falling state of the granular powder, and a falling object measuring device for measuring a falling object of a granular material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for grasping a falling state of a granular powder and a falling object measuring apparatus suitable for a case where a granular powder is a raw material for a blast furnace using a blast furnace as an apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, by measuring the falling position of the raw material charged into the blast furnace from the furnace top charging device of the blast furnace, the distribution of the raw material in the blast furnace is grasped to stabilize the operation. Therefore, by inserting a long cylindrical body into the blast furnace and measuring the situation where the raw material falling in the blast furnace hits the long body by some means, the falling position of the raw material charged into the blast furnace is detected. The way has been done.
[0003]
In Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-72953, a probe is used in which a concave portion is provided in an upper portion of a predetermined region in the longitudinal direction, and a soft solid material is embedded in the concave portion, and the probe is inserted into a furnace and exposed to a falling raw material. A method has been proposed in which an impact at the time of falling causes an indentation on the soft solid material, and the indentation of the raw material at a specific portion in the furnace is grasped from the indentation. Although this method can directly measure the amount of a falling object, it is not suitable for automatic measurement such as aging or continuous measurement.
[0004]
Therefore, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-40484, Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 21549/1987, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-136419, a probe in which a large number of pressure-sensitive measuring members are arranged in an upward direction is directed toward the inside of the furnace. A method of measuring the falling state of the raw material by exposing the falling raw material to the probe, passing it through the probe, and continuously detecting the load change at each specific site by each pressure-sensitive measuring member. Proposed. As the pressure-sensitive measuring member, a load cell, a strain gauge, or the like having a built-in piezoelectric element is used.
[0005]
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-177304, a probe in which gas ejection nozzles are arranged at equal intervals is inserted into the material dropping section toward the core, and the extent to which the gas ejection when the falling object passes is suppressed. There has been proposed a method of measuring the falling position of a falling object by continuously measuring the pressure change of each nozzle. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-207804, sensors for detecting a pseudo AE generated when a raw material collides with a bar disposed in a furnace are provided at both ends of the bar outside the furnace, and pseudo AEs to the opposing sensors are provided. A method has been proposed in which a raw material drop position is detected from the difference in the arrival time of the raw material and the spread of the raw material fall is detected from the difference between the arrival time of the low level and the arrival time of the high level among the detection signals of at least one sensor.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The method using the gas pressure fluctuation disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-177304 and the method using the pseudo AE disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-207804 are susceptible to disturbances and have a problem that the measurement accuracy is poor.
[0007]
In the method using a pressure-sensitive measuring member as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-40484, sensors for measuring pressure or weight are used as the pressure-sensitive measuring member, and the weight change of the raw material placed on the receiving plate of each sensor. Will be measured. However, the raw material is a granular material, and it is necessary to cause a phenomenon in which the raw material is piled up in the longitudinal direction of the probe at the falling position, so that the probe is arranged horizontally and the surface area of the receiving plate is increased. There is a problem that it is difficult to accurately measure the amount of the falling raw material.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to accurately measure the amount of a falling object and reduce the influence of a disturbance, and a method of grasping a falling state of a granular powder, and measuring a falling object. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a falling object measuring device for a blast furnace.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Defeating the conventional wisdom that a physical quantity must correspond to the weight or volume of a falling object in order to grasp the falling situation of a falling object, an experiment was conducted to be able to grasp the falling situation by the change in acceleration due to individual collision of the falling object. And completed the present invention.
[0010]
That is, the method invention according to claim 1, which solves the above-described problem, inserts a long body into an apparatus, applies granular powder falling in the apparatus to the elongated body, and collides the granular powder with the long body. In the method for grasping the falling state of the granular powder by grasping the falling state of the granular powder by detecting a change in the resulting physical quantity in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body, The impact of each collision of the granular powder is directly transmitted and detected as an acceleration in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. A method of grasping a falling state of the granular powder, wherein a signal due to individual collision of the granular powder is extracted using acceleration.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, a large number of acceleration detecting means are arranged at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the long body, and the acceleration detecting means is installed on the long body via a buffer means, and A distribution of an amount of fall of the granular powder in a longitudinal direction of the long body is detected by detecting a change in acceleration caused by the powder colliding with each of the acceleration detecting means and comparing the acceleration changes of the plurality of acceleration detecting means. Figure out.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the acceleration detecting means has a collision portion that is exposed to the surface of the elongated body and directly hits the granular powder.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the collision portion is provided so as to be buried in an opening in a surface of the elongated body.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the elongated body is obliquely inserted into the furnace.
[0015]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the equipment is a blast furnace, and the granular powder is a raw material for a blast furnace.
[0016]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an elongated body, and a plurality of elongated bodies are provided at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the elongated body. , Drop Vulgar Individual By collision Detected in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by transmitting the impact directly A fallen object measuring device comprising: an acceleration detection unit that detects a change in acceleration; and a buffer unit between the acceleration detection unit and the elongated body.
[0017]
In the invention according to claim 8, the acceleration detecting means according to claim 7, wherein the acceleration detecting means is configured to be exposed to a surface of the elongated body and hit by the falling object; a mounting portion fixed to the collision portion; A sensor unit attached to the attachment unit for detecting acceleration.
[0018]
In a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the ninth aspect, the long body is a cylinder having a hollow portion, the collision portion is located at an opening provided on a surface, and the mounting portion is located at the hollow portion. The buffering means is provided between the mounting portion and the elongated body.
[0019]
In a tenth aspect based on the ninth aspect, the buffer means is a combination of at least one of a viscoelastic body such as rubber and an elastic body such as a spring.
[0020]
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the ninth aspect, there is provided a purge unit for injecting a gas into the hollow portion of the long body and blowing out the gas from a gap to the outside.
[0021]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of elongated bodies are provided at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the elongated bodies. , Drop Vulgar Individual By collision Detected in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by transmitting the impact directly A falling object comprising: acceleration detecting means for detecting a change in acceleration; and a calculating unit for receiving a signal from the plurality of acceleration detecting means and calculating a distribution, a mainstream position, and a width of a longitudinal drop of the elongated body. It is a measuring device.
[0022]
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the twelfth aspect, the arithmetic unit sets a threshold value for a signal from each acceleration detecting means and counts a number exceeding the threshold value; Calculating the standard deviation for the signal from the means, (3) performing FFT on the signal from each acceleration detecting means, (4) calculating the moving average for the signal from each acceleration detecting means, (5) By calculating the cross-correlation of the signal from each acceleration detecting means.
[0023]
The blast furnace apparatus invention according to claim 14 is a blast furnace fallen object measuring device for grasping the falling state of the raw material falling in the blast furnace, wherein a long body protruding from the fall trajectory of the raw material, A large number of installed at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the elongate body, acceleration detection means for detecting a change in acceleration due to the collision of the raw material, buffer means installed between the acceleration detection means and the elongate body, With the acceleration detecting means exposed in the falling trajectory so that the raw material collides, the outer periphery of the elongated body is supported to form a double structure, and heat insulation is provided between the outer periphery of the elongated body. A falling object measuring device for a blast furnace, comprising a reinforced elongated body for forming a space for use.
[0024]
The invention according to claim 15 is the method according to claim 14, wherein the reinforcing elongated body has a tubular body that opens in a falling trajectory of the raw material, and the elongated body extends from the opening of the tubular body into the falling trajectory. And a plurality of supporting legs for projecting and supporting the heat insulating space between itself and the outer periphery of the elongated body.
[0025]
According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect, the acceleration detecting means is provided on the collision portion exposed to the surface of the elongated body and directly hitting the raw material, and the collision portion in the elongated body. It comprises a fixed mounting portion and a sensor portion which is attached to the mounting portion in the elongated body and detects acceleration.
[0026]
According to a seventeenth aspect, in the sixteenth aspect, the buffering means is provided between the elongated body and the mounting portion.
[0027]
According to an eighteenth aspect, in the fourteenth or seventeenth aspect, the buffer means is a combination of at least one of a viscoelastic body such as rubber and an elastic body such as a spring.
[0028]
According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the fourteenth to seventeenth aspects, the elongated body is connected to a purge unit that presses a gas into the elongated body and blows the gas to the outside through a gap.
[0029]
The invention according to claim 20 is characterized in that Individual By impact The impact is directly transmitted and detected corresponding to each of the falling objects. The falling object measuring device includes an acceleration detecting means for detecting a change in acceleration, and an arithmetic unit for determining the brand and particle size of the charged material using the acceleration value obtained from the acceleration detecting means.

[0030]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the inside of the main part of the furnace top of the blast furnace.
[0031]
The raw materials of coke and iron ore are each weighed by a bucket or the like and conveyed to the furnace top of the blast furnace and charged therein, but since the inside of the blast furnace is at a high pressure, an equalizing chamber is formed in the charging. A charged charging device is used. FIG. 1 shows a charging apparatus 1 of a pressure equalizing chamber bell type fixed to a furnace top.
[0032]
This charging device 1 includes a bell-shaped closing member (lower bell) 2 and a substantially cylindrical lower bell hopper 3 disposed at the center of the furnace top, and a plurality of movable armors provided in the furnace circumferential direction at the furnace top. 4, a hollow member 6 fixed obliquely downward to the furnace wall 5 below the movable armor 4, and a long object falling below the tilting locus of the movable armor 4 through the hollow member 6. It comprises a measuring device 7.
[0033]
The movable armor 4 can be tilted to a predetermined position indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. As shown in the drawing, the raw material that has fallen from the lower bell 2 collides with the movable armor 4 and is repelled, and falls onto the raw material that has already been charged and deposited. At this time, if the tilting angle of the movable armor 4 is changed, the rate at which the raw material collides with and repels the movable armor 4 changes, the falling trajectory of the raw material changes, and the state of deposit distribution changes.
[0034]
In order to accurately control the distribution status of each accumulation, it is necessary to accurately grasp the falling trajectory, which is the trajectory of the raw material that collides with the movable armor 4 and falls back. For this purpose, the charging device 1 has a configuration in which the falling object measuring device 7 can be inserted into the blast furnace.
[0035]
The falling object measuring device 7 is connected to a cable 12 extracted from the outside end of the long body 11, and a measuring device 15 having a calculation unit 14 and compressed air for purging inside the long body 11. It has a purging means 16 for feeding.
[0036]
Opening / closing means 17 using a ball valve is mounted outside the furnace of the hollow member 6. When the opening / closing means 17 is closed with the elongated body 11 removed, communication between the inside and outside of the furnace is closed. When the opening / closing means 17 is opened and the elongated body 11 of a known length is inserted into the hollow member 6, as shown in the figure, the blast furnace is protruded from the fall trajectory of the raw material so as to incline downward toward the sediment, and the measurement state become. Further, the space between the elongated body 11 and the hollow member 6 is sealed by a seal portion 18, and a purge unit 16 is connected between the elongated body 11 and the hollow member 6.
[0037]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a main part of the falling object measuring device 7. FIG. 1A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 1B is a top view of the tip. The falling object measuring device 7 is configured to further include a long body 11, an acceleration detecting unit 21, and a buffering unit 22. The elongated body 11 has a hollow portion 23 and an opening 24, the acceleration detecting means 21 and the buffer means 22 are provided, and the first elongated body which is located in the furnace through the hollow member 6 (not shown). 11a, a second elongate body 11b which is passed through a hollow member 6 (not shown), has an operating portion which is located outside the furnace and can be pushed and pulled, and which can be connected to the purging means 16 and the measuring instrument 15; Consists of
[0038]
The acceleration detecting means 21 includes a collision part 26 located in the opening 24, an attachment part 27 located in the hollow part 23, and a sensor part 28 attached to the attachment part 27. The buffering means 22 is located on the side of the collision portion 26 of the mounting portion 27, and is a viscoelastic body 31 such as rubber provided between the mounting portion 27 and the hollow portion 23, and is opposite to the collision portion 26 of the mounting portion 27. And an elastic body 32 such as a spring provided between the mounting portion 27 and the hollow portion 23.
[0039]
The first elongated body 11a is a hollow cylindrical body having a circular cross section as shown in the figure, and small circular openings 24 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the upper surface thereof. The collision portion 26 has a surface shape along the circular cross section of the long body 11 and has a cylindrical shape such that a gap with the opening 24 is reduced. Therefore, a large number of acceleration detecting means 21 can be installed at a predetermined interval P in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11. The opening 24 is not limited to a small circle, but may be an ellipse capable of increasing a collision area.
[0040]
The second elongated body 11b is also a hollow cylindrical body having a circular cross section, and is connectable by a threaded portion 11c having a hole. An operating rod 11d is fixed to the end of the second elongated body 11b outside the furnace in a T-shape, and a pipe 11e for extracting a cable and a pipe 11f with valve means connectable to the purging means 16 are provided. ing. The cable from the sensor section 28 of each acceleration detecting means 21 passes through the hole of the screwing section 11c, is collected by the pipe 11e, and is connected to the measuring instrument 15. The purging means 16 is a compressed air source capable of feeding compressed air having a pressure equal to or higher than the furnace internal pressure, and is supplied to the hollow portion of the first elongated body 11a through the hollow portion of the second elongated body 11b and the hole of the screw portion 11c. Compressed air is introduced and blows out from between the collision section 26 and the opening 24. This prevents the raw material powder or the like from entering between the collision portion 26 and the opening 24, thereby preventing the detection accuracy of the acceleration detecting means 21 from being deteriorated or causing a failure.
[0041]
3 and 4 show specific examples of the structure of the acceleration detecting means 21 schematically shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the acceleration detecting means 21, and FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the acceleration detecting means 21.
[0042]
The acceleration detecting means 21 has a spacer 35 forming a part of the first elongate body 11a screwed to the main body of the first elongate body 11a via a support 36 so that the acceleration detection means 21 can be pulled out from the first elongate body 11a in the radial direction. Has been stopped. The support 36 has an inverted T-shaped cross section and is screwed to the inner surface of the first elongated body 11a. The spacer 35 is mounted on the support 36 from the outside and screwed. A circular opening 24 is provided at the center of the spacer 35 so that the mounting portion 27 can be pressed against the bottom surface of the spacer 35 via the viscoelastic body 31 using a rubber plate.
[0043]
The mounting portion 27 is a block body to which a plate member 37 to which the sensor portion 28 is fixed can be screwed to a side surface, and has an internal space in which the sensor 28 can be stored. The elastic body 32 using a coil spring passes through the hole 27a of the mounting portion 27 and applies an urging force between the contact surface 27b of the mounting portion 27 and the plug screw 38 screwed into the first elongated body 11a. It is provided in.
[0044]
The collision portion 26 is fixed to the mounting portion 27 with a screw. The impact of the raw material hitting the collision section 26 is directly transmitted to the sensor section 28 via the mounting section 27. However, the impact of the mounting portion 27 is absorbed by the elastic body 32 and rapidly attenuated by the viscoelastic body 31. In addition, the impact of the raw material hitting the spacer 35 is rapidly attenuated by the elastic body 32 and the viscoelastic body 31, and is hardly transmitted to the acceleration detecting means 21. Therefore, each acceleration detecting means 21 can separate only the collision of the raw material hitting the corresponding collision section 26 and detect it as acceleration.
[0045]
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the installation structure of another acceleration detecting means 121. Oval openings 124 are provided at predetermined intervals in the first elongated body 111a. The acceleration detecting means 121 sandwiched by the hollow rubber cylinder viscoelastic body 131 located in the internal space 123 of the first elongated body 111 a causes the viscoelastic body 131 to move the collision portion 126 to the opening 124. Is held in the first elongated body 111a via the The viscoelastic body 131 of a hollow rubber cylinder is pushed into the internal space 123 of the first elongated body 111a, and then the acceleration detecting means 121 is pushed so that its tip fits into the viscoelastic body 131. Pushing the viscoelastic body 131 so that the rear end fits is repeated. Then, the acceleration detecting means 121 is screwed with a bolt (not shown). In this way, a number of acceleration detecting means 121 can be arranged at predetermined intervals from the end of the internal space 123 of the first elongated body 111a. However, it is easier to fit the acceleration detecting means from above as shown in FIGS.
[0046]
3 in that the acceleration detecting means 121 includes a collision portion 126, a mounting portion 127 on which the collision portion 126 is fixed, and a sensor portion 128 fixed to the mounting portion 127 via a plate. It is. The raw material colliding with the collision part 126 is directly transmitted to the sensor part 128, but the impact of the raw material hitting the surface of the first elongated body 111 a or the collision part 126 of the other acceleration detecting means 121 is reduced by the viscoelastic body 131. Are rapidly attenuated.
[0047]
2 and 5, in order to increase the sensitivity in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the first elongated bodies 11a and 111a, the sensor sections 28 and 128 are directly connected to the collision sections 26 and 126, and the first elongated body is A pair of the viscoelastic 31 and the elastic body 32 and a viscoelastic 131 are provided to cut off the sensitivity in the longitudinal direction. Next, a sensor unit which can be used for such acceleration detecting means 21 and 121 and is manufactured so as to detect acceleration in only one direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction will be described with reference to FIGS. I do.
[0048]
FIG. 6 shows a compression-type sensor unit of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor. A hollow disk-shaped piezoelectric element 42 and a weight 43 are inserted into a shaft 41 a erected on a base 41, held by a nut 44, and the base 41 is covered by a case 45. The sensitivity is high in the direction of the axis 41a.
[0049]
FIG. 7 shows a shearing type sensor section of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor. A hollow disk-shaped piezoelectric element 52 is mounted in the middle of a shaft 51a erected on a base 51 in a dangling state, a weight 53 is mounted on the outer periphery of the piezoelectric element 52, and the base 51 is covered with a case 55. is there. The sensitivity is high in the direction of the axis 51a.
[0050]
Among the above-described sensor units, an acceleration sensor used for deploying an airbag used particularly for a vehicle occupant protection device is mass-produced at low cost. Therefore, it is preferable to use an acceleration sensor for detecting a vehicle collision. However, not only such a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, but when a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an electromotive force proportional to the speed is generated. Can also be used. Also, a servo-type acceleration sensor that detects acceleration by detecting changes in the pendulum (capacitance) with current, and a resistance wire strain gauge attached to a diaphragm (spring), etc., are used to measure acceleration from changes in applied force and resistance. It is also possible to use a resistance strain gauge type acceleration sensor to be obtained or a semiconductor strain gauge type acceleration sensor which obtains acceleration from a change in applied force and resistance using the piezoresistance effect of silicon single crystal.
[0051]
Further, an acceleration sensor for detecting a limited frequency as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be used. In FIG. 8, an acceleration sensor called a collision sensor that causes a distortion in the piezoelectric body 61 due to the movement of an additional mass such as the piezoelectric body 61 itself or the resonance plate 62 can be used as the sensor unit. While the acceleration sensor shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can detect a wide range of frequencies, the range of frequencies that can be detected is limited due to the resonance frequency of the resonance plate, and it is possible to detect an on-off shock wave. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, an acceleration sensor called a vibration sensor that cantileverly supports the two piezoelectric elements 64 bonded to each other through the support 65 to the case 66 to simply detect only vibration can be used. . This is an acceleration sensor that can output only the resonance point output.
[0052]
Next, the function of the calculation unit 14 for detecting the distribution of the raw material falling in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11 from the acceleration detected by the individual acceleration detection means 21 in FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. .
[0053]
In FIG. 10, data from each acceleration detecting means (hereinafter referred to as an acceleration sensor) is sampled at a sampling period of 100 μs, for example (S1). After processing the acceleration signal of each acceleration sensor with a low-pass filter (S2), the acceleration signal is compared with a predetermined threshold value S (S3). The number of acceleration signals exceeding the threshold value S is generated and counted during the sampling period, and integrated to obtain a number, for example, n (S4). A frequency graph is created based on the value of the n value for each of the 1 to m acceleration sensors (S5). The frequency graph is approximated by a curve, and the position of the peak point P is calculated to determine the mainstream position (= the position of the peak point P). Further, the width w of the material flow is determined from the spread from the peak point P in the frequency graph. The calculation is performed (S6). With this, it is possible to calculate which part of the long body and how wide the raw material is falling, and where the mainstream position is.
[0054]
In FIG. 11, data from each acceleration detecting means (also referred to as an acceleration sensor) is collected, for example, at a sampling period of 100 μs (S11). After processing the acceleration signal of each acceleration sensor with a low-pass filter (S12), a standard deviation (σ) is calculated. (S13). A frequency graph is created based on when the standard deviation value is in each of the 1 to m acceleration sensors (S14). The frequency graph is approximated by a curve to calculate where the peak point P is located to obtain the mainstream position, and the width w of the material flow is calculated from the spread from the peak point P of the frequency graph (S15). With this, it is possible to calculate which part of the long body and how wide the raw material is falling, and where the mainstream position is.
[0055]
The calculation in the calculation unit includes: (1) setting a threshold value for the signal from each acceleration detection means and counting the number exceeding the threshold value; (2) standard deviation for the signal from each acceleration detection means. ３3) Applying FFT to the signal from each acceleration detecting means, ４4) Calculating the moving average of the signal from each acceleration detecting means, ５5) Detecting each acceleration Either of calculating the cross-correlation of the signals from the means can be used. Further, by processing the signals of the above (1) to (5) in a plurality of AND circuits or OR circuits, it is also possible to calculate which part of the long body and how much the raw material falls. .
[0056]
Next, a method of grasping the falling state of the raw material of the blast furnace using the above-described falling object measuring device 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, the opening / closing means 17 of the hollow member 6 is opened, and the long body 11 is pushed into the furnace while passing through the seal portion 18. When the insertion position of the elongated body 11 in the furnace is in a known state, the elongated body 11 is fixed to the hollow member 6, the cable 12 and the measuring device 15 are connected, and the hollow member 6 and the elongated body 11 are connected. The purge means 16 is connected to both of them.
[0057]
Then, the raw material falling from the lower bell 2 hits the movable armor 4 and changes its direction, and the raw material falling and hits the elongated body 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the elongated body 11 is provided with a number of acceleration detecting means 21 arranged at predetermined intervals. Each time the raw material hits the collision portion 26 in FIG. 2, an impact is generated, and this impact is detected as a change in acceleration. Then, a signal corresponding to the number of colliding raw materials can be extracted in each of the longitudinal directions of the elongated body 11. When this signal is processed as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, it is possible to determine at which portion of the elongated body the width of the raw material falls.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 2, since each acceleration detecting means 21 of the long body 11 is provided via the buffer means 22, the impact of the raw material hitting the surface of the long body 11 other than the collision part 26 or another collision part 26 is possible. Is rapidly attenuated by the buffer means 22, and it becomes easy to extract a signal of acceleration change corresponding to the number of raw materials hitting the individual acceleration detecting means 21.
[0059]
Further, by using the acceleration detecting means 21 having high sensitivity in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11, it becomes possible to selectively extract the signal of the falling raw material in combination with the buffer means.
[0060]
Further, since the collision portion 26 is provided so as to be exposed from the opening 24 of the elongated body 11, the impact of the raw material directly hitting the collision portion 26 can be transmitted to the sensor portion 28 via the mounting portion 27 as it is. become. Further, since the collision portion 26 is provided so as to be embedded in the opening 24, there is only a gap between the collision portion 26 and the opening 24, and the possibility that the raw material powder is clogged is reduced. Further, since the compressed air is blown into the furnace from the gap between the collision portion 26 and the opening 24 by the purging means 16, the powder of the raw material is blown out, thereby preventing the impact detection of the collision portion 26 from being reduced due to clogging. Can be.
[0061]
In addition, since the elongated body 11 is obliquely inserted downward into the furnace as shown in FIG. 1, the raw material hitting the elongated body 11 rebounds obliquely and continuously drops on the elongated body 11 without stopping. I do. Further, since the cross section of the long body 11 is circular as shown in FIG. 2, the raw material hitting the long body 11 rebounds obliquely and drops continuously. Therefore, the signal of the acceleration change corresponding to each falling material becomes accurate.
[0062]
Next, the function of determining the brand and particle size of the charged material from the acceleration detected by the acceleration detecting means 21 (hereinafter referred to as an acceleration sensor) in FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 12, data from the acceleration sensor is collected, for example, at a sampling period of 100 μs (microsecond) (S16).
The maximum value of the acceleration signal is read (S17).
With the calibration curve created in advance,
[0063]
(Equation 1)

[0064]
Is obtained (S18).
A known value is substituted for the height h to determine the mass m (S19).
If the raw material brand is known, the particle diameter can be determined because the density is known. Conversely, if the raw material particle size is known, the raw material brand can be known (S20).
[0065]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an example of grasping the falling situation of the blast furnace raw material by a simulation experiment will be described. A long body 11 in which eight compression-type piezoelectric acceleration sensors were arranged at 100 mm intervals was used. An experiment in which 10 girograms of pellets, which are blast furnace raw materials, were put into a bucket and the pellets were dropped toward three acceleration sensors at the tips was repeated three times.
[0066]
When the paper is stuck on the elongated body 11, the color of the iron oxide of the pellet remains on the paper as a trace. This state is shown in FIG. In all three experiments, it can be seen that the raw material is falling toward the number 2 acceleration sensor at the tip.
[0067]
FIGS. 14 to 16 are waveform diagrams of acceleration signals of the respective acceleration sensors corresponding to the three drop tests. It can be seen from FIG. 13 that the vibration of the signal waveform of the acceleration sensor of No. 2 at the tip is dense.
[0068]
FIG. 17 is a graph in which the standard deviation of each acceleration sensor is calculated for each of FIGS. The raw material falls on the number 2 acceleration sensor at the tip, and the width also corresponds to the actual measurement in FIG.
[0069]
FIG. 18 shows the results of repeating a simulation experiment for two types of collision portions, a circular type and an elliptical type, and confirming the deviation of the main point of fall by actual measurement and measurement. It can be clearly understood that the falling mainstream point can be accurately measured regardless of the shape of the collision portion.
[0070]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, application of the falling object measuring device to a blast furnace in operation is
i) The long body 11 (the first long bodies 11a, 111a) is exposed to the blast furnace in a high temperature region (high temperature gas atmosphere), and the acceleration detecting means 21, 121 (the sensor unit 28, 128) may be thermally degraded, and if the use condition in a high temperature range continues, the acceleration detecting means 21 and 121 may be thermally damaged.
ii) When the raw material falling in the blast furnace falls and collides with the high-temperature long body 11 (first long bodies 11a, 111a) protruding into the blast furnace, the long body 11 itself is bent, and is completely bent. There is a possibility that it may not be practical.
From the circumstances described in i) and ii) above, the falling object measuring device applied to the blast furnace needs to have a structure excellent in heat resistance and strength. As an example of such a structure, as shown in FIGS. It is preferable to use a kimono.
[0071]
In FIG. 19, a falling object measuring device 207 suitable for a blast furnace includes a long body 11 (including an acceleration detecting unit 21 and a buffering unit 22) similar to FIGS. The long body 211 forms a double cylindrical structure 215. The reinforcing elongated body 211 is permanently installed with the opening / closing means 17 opened and inserted into the hollow member 6 so as to be inclined downward toward the deposits of the blast furnace. Alternatively, when the opening / closing means 17 is closed in a state where the reinforcing elongated body 211 is pulled out from the hollow member 6, communication with the inside and outside of the blast furnace is closed. In this way, the elongated body 11 is housed and supported in the reinforcing elongated body 211 which is permanently installed in the blast furnace to form the double cylindrical structure 215, and the double cylindrical structure 215 is inserted into the hollow member 6. The falling state of the raw material falling in the blast furnace is detected and grasped in the same procedure as in FIGS. 10 and 11. 19, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same members.
[0072]
Next, a specific configuration of the double cylindrical structure 215 will be described with reference to FIGS.
The reinforcing elongated body 211 of the double tubular structure 215 is a cylindrical body having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the elongated body 11, and has an elongated hole 212 that is opened on the upper surface of the cylindrical body. The elongated hole 212 has a width larger than the outer diameter of the elongated body 11 and penetrates the reinforcing elongated body 211 in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, a number of support legs 213 protruding toward the long hole 212 are fixed to the lower part of the inner periphery of the reinforcing long body 211 by spot welding or the like. Further, the reinforcing elongated body 211 is provided with two reinforcing plates 214 for closing the elongated hole 212 so as to have an opening in the longitudinal direction, and these reinforcing plates 214 are welded to the upper surface of the reinforcing elongated body 211 by welding or the like. Are integrally fixed. Thus, the reinforcing elongated body 211 is formed into a dome-shaped tubular body whose bending strength is improved by the cylindrical body and each reinforcing plate 214.
The elongated body 11 is accommodated in the reinforcing elongated body 211 with the collision portion 26 of each acceleration detecting unit 21 facing upward, and is supported by the support legs 213. Each of the support legs 213 causes each of the collision portions 26 of the elongated body 11 to protrude from the opening between the reinforcing plates 214 to the outside of the elongated reinforcing body 211. In this state, the outer periphery of the elongated body 11 and the reinforcing plate 214 are partially fixed by spot welding or the like.
[0073]
The cables of the sensor portions 28 of the elongated body 11 are gathered by a pipe 211e that opens to the second elongated body 11b and passes through the inside of the reinforced elongated body 211, and is connected to the measuring instrument 14. Further, the inside of the second elongated body 11b is connected to the purge means 16 by a pipe 211f with valve means penetrating through the inside of the reinforcing elongated body 211 (see FIG. 21).
[0074]
Since the above-described double cylindrical structure 215 supports the outer periphery of the elongated body 11 eccentrically upward from the axis a of the reinforcing elongated body 211, the bending strength of the elongated body 11 can be reinforced, and A space S for heat insulation can be formed between the outer periphery of the elongated body 11 and the inner periphery of the reinforced elongated body 211. As shown in FIG. 19, the double cylinder structure 211 projects from the falling trajectory of the raw material with the collision portions 26 of the elongated body 11 facing the movable armor 4.
[0075]
Since the falling object measuring device 207 suitable for the blast furnace employs the double cylindrical structure 215, the bending strength of the long body 11 can be reinforced by the reinforcing long body 211. In addition, the heat insulating space S can exhibit the effect of heat insulation of the high temperature gas in the blast furnace.
Therefore, even when the falling object measuring device 207 is applied to a blast furnace, the elongated body 11 is not bent by the raw material that collides with the falling object, and the temperature rise of each sensor unit 28 is reduced by the heat insulation of the air, and the heat deterioration (thermal damage) ) Can be practically used. The cooling effect on each sensor unit 28 is also exerted by the compressed air introduced into the elongated body 11 (first elongated body 11a) by the purging means 16, and the raw material falling on each reinforcing plate 14 has a reinforcing length. Accumulation in the scale 211 can be prevented. Further, by using a large-diameter and thick-walled cylindrical body as the reinforcing elongated body 211, the strength of the elongated body 11 can be dramatically improved. In addition, compressed air may be introduced into the reinforcing elongated body 211 by the purge means 16 to cool the entire elongated body 11, thereby reducing thermal deterioration of each sensor section 28. The cable wiring may be facilitated by passing the cable of 28 into the heat insulating space S.
[0076]
Further, as the double cylindrical structure 215, as shown in FIG. 22, each of the collision portions 26 of the long body 211 may be housed and supported in the reinforcing long body 211 without projecting to the outside. At this time, each opening 24 of the elongated body 11 is opened on the upper surface of the reinforcing elongated body 211, and each of the collision portions 26 is exposed on the surface of the reinforcing elongated body 211 so that the raw material is directly hit. The elongated body 11 is fixed to the support legs 213 of the reinforcing elongated body 211 by spot welding or the like.
[0077]
Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fallen object measuring devices 7 and 207, the collision portions 26 and 126 (acceleration detection means 21 and 121) are arranged in a single row at a predetermined interval P in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11. With such a configuration, a dead zone in which a falling object (raw material) cannot be detected between the intervals P occurs. The existence of the dead zone may not allow the falling situation of the falling object to be accurately grasped.
Therefore, when accuracy of the drop situation is required, a plurality of rows (two rows in FIG. 23) of the acceleration detecting means 21 and 121 (collision sections 26 and 126) are installed in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11 as shown in FIG. Then, the collision portions 26 and 126 of the adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner so that they do not line up. Thus, by installing the collision portions 26 and 126 continuously in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body 11, the existence of the dead zone in the longitudinal direction can be eliminated, and the falling situation of the falling object can be accurately detected and grasped.
[0078]
In the above description of the embodiment, the case where the granular powder is a blast furnace raw material using a blast furnace as an apparatus has been described. However, the present invention is also applied to an apparatus such as a conveyor which needs to drop the granular powder in a predetermined distribution. Applicable. Further, the bell-type charging apparatus has been described as the blast furnace, but the present invention can be applied to a blast furnace of a type in which the raw material is charged in a radial direction in the furnace by a swirling chute. Further, the cross section of the long body is not limited to a circular shape, and a long body having a rectangular cross section can be used. Also, in the double-pipe structure of the falling object measuring device applied to the blast furnace, the cross section of the long body or the reinforcing long body is not limited to a circle, and a rectangular cross section can be used. In addition, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0079]
FIG. 24 is an acceleration generated when several types of samples having different masses m are dropped from a predetermined height h during the drop test,
[0080]
(Equation 2)

[0081]
Is shown to the grab.
Acceleration and
[0082]
(Equation 3)

[0083]
Is a linear relationship. If the acceleration value is known, the mass m can be known when the height h is known. That is, if the raw material brand is known, the particle diameter can be determined because the density is known. Conversely, if the raw material particle size is known, the raw material brand can be known.
[0084]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the acceleration detecting means outputs a signal corresponding to each of the granular powders which fall and collide, the falling of the granular powder is performed based on the acceleration signal of the acceleration detecting means. Position and distribution can be measured accurately.
[0085]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the acceleration detecting means is provided on the elongated body via the buffer means, the acceleration change of the granular powder colliding with each acceleration detecting means is applied to another acceleration detecting means or the like. It can be measured separately from the influence of raw materials.
[0086]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the sensitivity is improved because of the collision portion where the raw material directly hits.
[0087]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the collision portion is buried in the opening on the surface of the elongated body, the space in which dust or the like is clogged can be reduced.
[0088]
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the rate at which the raw material hitting the collision portion stops at the collision portion is reduced, and the signal corresponding to each of the falling raw materials becomes accurate.
[0089]
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in particular, in the case of a blast furnace, the blast furnace raw material in the form of granular powder needs to be charged in a predetermined pattern, so that the present invention is effective.
[0090]
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a signal corresponding to each of the falling objects hitting the acceleration detecting means isolated from the other acceleration detecting means by the buffer means can be accurately detected, and the acceleration signal of the acceleration detecting means is detected based on the acceleration signal. The falling position and distribution of the falling object can be accurately measured.
[0091]
According to the invention of claim 8, the acceleration detecting means comprises the collision portion, the mounting portion and the sensor portion, and is compactly formed regardless of the shape of the sensor portion. Make Can be
[0092]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the collision portion is located at the opening on the surface of the cylindrical long body and the entire body is cylindrical, the shape can be easily inserted and the dust of the falling object is difficult to accumulate. . Further, the structure is such that the buffer means can be easily attached.
[0093]
According to the tenth aspect, the buffering means can be easily configured.
[0094]
According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent dust from falling objects from entering the gap between the opening of the tubular elongated body and the collision portion.
[0095]
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the acceleration detection means outputs a signal corresponding to each of the granular powders which fall and collide with each other, and the arithmetic unit processes based on the acceleration signal of each acceleration detection means. In addition, the falling position, distribution, mainstream position and width of the granular powder can be accurately measured.
[0096]
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, even if there is noise in each acceleration detecting means, it is possible to remove the noise and accurately measure the distribution, mainstream position, and width of the fall of the granular powder.
[0097]
According to the apparatus for a blast furnace according to claim 14, a signal corresponding to each of the falling objects hitting the acceleration detecting means isolated from the other acceleration detecting means by the buffer means can be accurately detected, and the acceleration detecting means The falling position and distribution of the falling object can be accurately measured based on the acceleration signal.
In particular, the long body was reinforced with a reinforced long body without a double cylindrical structure, and a heat insulating space was formed between the long body and the reinforced long body. Even if the long body falls and collides, the long body is not bent and the effect of the high-temperature gas in the blast furnace can be cut off in the heat insulating space to reduce the temperature rise of the acceleration detecting means. It will be practical.
[0098]
According to the invention of claim 15, the bending strength of the long body can be reinforced with a simple double cylinder structure, and a heat insulating space can be formed.
[0099]
According to the sixteenth aspect, the acceleration detecting means includes the collision portion, the mounting portion, and the sensor portion, and can be compactly installed in the elongated body regardless of the shape of the sensor portion.
[0100]
According to the seventeenth aspect, the buffer member can be easily attached.
[0101]
According to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the buffer means can be simply configured.
[0102]
According to the nineteenth aspect, it is possible to prevent the raw material from entering the elongated body. Further, the gas purged into the elongated body functions to cool the acceleration detecting means.
[0103]
According to the twentieth aspect of the present invention, since the processing section processes based on the acceleration signal of the acceleration detecting means, it is possible to measure the brand or particle size of the falling raw material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing the inside of a main part of a furnace top of a blast furnace.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a main part of the falling object measuring device.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an acceleration detecting means.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the acceleration detecting means.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an installation structure of another acceleration detecting means.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a usable sensor unit.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a structure of a usable sensor unit.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a structure of a usable sensor unit.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a usable sensor unit.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing functions of a calculation unit.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing functions of a calculation unit.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing functions of a calculation unit.
FIG. 13 is a view showing traces of pellets hitting the elongated body 11;
FIG. 14 is a waveform diagram of an acceleration signal of each acceleration sensor.
FIG. 15 is a waveform diagram of an acceleration signal of each acceleration sensor.
FIG. 16 is a waveform diagram of an acceleration signal of each acceleration sensor.
FIG. 17 is a frequency graph based on the standard deviation of each acceleration sensor.
FIG. 18 is a comparison diagram of an acceleration sensor and detection of a falling mainstream point by actual measurement.
FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the inside of a main part of a furnace top of a blast furnace and a modified example of the falling object measuring device.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the falling object measuring device of FIG. 19;
21 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of the falling object measuring device of FIG.
FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the drop measuring device of FIG.
FIG. 23 is a plan view showing another modified example of the falling object measuring device of FIGS. 1 and 19.
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a relationship between acceleration generated when several types of samples having different masses m fall from a predetermined height, and mass m, height h, and the like.
[Explanation of symbols]
5 Blast furnace wall
6. Hollow member (member for insertion)
7 Falling object measuring device
11 Long body
14 Arithmetic unit
15 Measuring instrument
16 Purging means
21 acceleration detection means
22 Buffer means
23 hollow part
24 opening
26 Collision part
27 Mounting part
28 Sensor section
31 Viscoelastic body
32 elastic body
121 acceleration detection means
126 collision part
128 sensor unit
207 Falling object measuring device
211 Reinforced long body
213 Support leg

Claims (20)

Inserting the elongated body into the device, applying the granular powder falling in the device to the elongated body, and detecting a change in a physical quantity caused by collision of the granular powder in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body. In the method of grasping the falling state of the granular powder by grasping the falling state of the granular powder, in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction by directly transmitting the impact of each collision of the granular powder as the physical quantity A method for grasping a falling state of granular powder, wherein a signal due to individual collision of the granular powder is extracted using acceleration detected as acceleration. A number of acceleration detecting means are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body, and the acceleration detecting means is installed on the elongated body via a buffer means, and the granular powder collides with each of the acceleration detecting means. 2. The granules according to claim 1, wherein the distribution of the amount of fall of the granule powder in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body is grasped by detecting a change in acceleration caused by the change in the number of acceleration detection means and comparing the change in acceleration by the plurality of acceleration detecting means. How to grasp the falling situation of powder. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration detection unit includes a collision portion that is exposed to a surface of the elongated body and directly hits the granular powder. 4. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the collision portion is provided so as to be embedded in an opening in a surface of the elongated body. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the elongated body is obliquely inserted into the device. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the equipment is a blast furnace, and the granular powder is a raw material for a blast furnace. An elongated body, placed a number at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body, the change in acceleration impact is detected in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by being directly transmitted by each collision drop under product A falling object measuring device comprising: an acceleration detecting means for detecting; and a buffer means between the acceleration detecting means and the elongated body. The acceleration detection means includes a collision portion exposed to the surface of the elongated body and hit by the falling object, a mounting portion fixed to the collision portion, and a sensor portion mounted on the mounting portion and detecting acceleration. The falling object measuring device according to claim 7, comprising: The elongated body is a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion, the collision portion is located in an opening provided on the surface, the mounting portion is stored in the hollow portion, the mounting portion and the elongated body 9. The falling object measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the buffer means is provided between the falling objects. The fallen object measuring device according to claim 9 , wherein the buffer means is a combination of at least one of a viscoelastic body such as rubber and an elastic body such as a spring. The falling object measuring apparatus according to claim 9 , further comprising a purge unit that pressurizes gas into a hollow portion of the elongated body and blows gas out of the gap. An elongated body, placed a number at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body, the change in acceleration impact is detected in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by being directly transmitted by each collision drop under product A falling object measuring device comprising: an acceleration detecting means for detecting; and a calculating part for receiving distribution signals from the plurality of acceleration detecting means and calculating a distribution, a mainstream position, and a width of a longitudinal drop of the elongated body. The arithmetic section sets (1) a threshold value for the signal from each acceleration detecting means, counts the number exceeding the threshold value, and (2) calculates a standard deviation for the signal from each acceleration detecting means. (3) applying FFT to the signal from each acceleration detecting means, (4) calculating a moving average of the signal from each acceleration detecting means, and (5) reciprocal of the signal from each acceleration detecting means. 13. The fallen object measuring device according to claim 12, wherein the device calculates a correlation. A falling object measuring device for a blast furnace for grasping a falling state of a raw material falling in the blast furnace,
A long body projecting in the fall trajectory of the raw material,
Acceleration detecting means that is installed at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the elongated body and detects an acceleration change due to the collision of the raw material,
Buffer means installed between the acceleration detection means and the elongated body,
With the acceleration detecting means exposed in the falling trajectory so that the raw material collides, the outer periphery of the elongated body is supported to form a double structure, and heat insulation is provided between the outer periphery of the elongated body. A fallen object measuring device for a blast furnace, comprising: a reinforcing elongated body for forming a space for use. The reinforcing elongated body has a tubular body that opens into the falling trajectory of the raw material, and the elongated body projects from the opening of the tubular body into the falling trajectory and supports the elongated body. 15. The fallen object measuring device for a blast furnace according to claim 14, comprising a plurality of support legs for forming the heat insulating space between the object and the supporting legs. The acceleration detecting means includes a collision portion exposed to the surface of the elongated body and directly hitting the raw material, a mounting portion fixed to the collision portion in the elongated body, and the mounting portion in the elongated body. The fallen object measuring device for a blast furnace according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a sensor unit attached to the blast furnace for detecting acceleration. 17. The fallen object measuring device for a blast furnace according to claim 16, wherein the buffer means is provided between the elongated body and the mounting portion. The fallen object measuring device for a blast furnace according to claim 14 or 17, wherein the buffer means is a combination of at least one of a viscoelastic body such as rubber and an elastic body such as a spring. The falling object measuring device for a blast furnace according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the long body is connected to a purge unit that presses gas into the long body and blows gas out of the gap. Acceleration detecting means for detecting a change in acceleration detected corresponding to each of the falling objects by directly transmitting the impact of each of the falling objects , and an acceleration value obtained from the acceleration detecting means And a calculation unit for determining the brand and particle size of the charged raw material using the apparatus.

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